March 2019 N° 141 Monthly energy magazine Taiwan, heart of Asia Special edition: study trip of Mastère Spécialisé © OSE students INF’OSE | March 2019 2 CONTACTS OVERVIEW 03 - Editorial [email protected] 04 - State of the art of energy in Taiwan TELEPHONE +33 4 97 15 70 73 07 - Visit of the Taiwan TechArena ADRESS 13 - Visit of TaiPower Centre de Mathématiques 16 - National Central University Appliquées Mines Paristech 20 - Focus on regulation, long-term prospective and new Rue Claude Daunesse technology at ITRI CS 10 207 06904 Sophia Antipolis 24 - Conference at National Cheng Kung University 28 - NCKU An-Nan Campus 32 - Ciel&Terre : Visit of a floating solar power plant 34 - Visit of Wushantu Dam 36 - Tsing Hua University 38 - HoPing cement factory and coal power plant 44 - Contacts and acknowledgements 46 - Partners Coordinator - Catherine Auguet-Chadaj Model maker - Lucas Desport Photos - MS OSE Students Any reproduction, representation, translation or adaptation of this text, in full or in part, through any means, support or media what- soever, is strictly prohibited without the per- mission of the authors, except in cases set out in Article L. 122-5 of the French intellectual Front page: Taipei 101 tower property code. INF’OSE | March 2019 EDITORIAL 3 s is customary, post-graduate master “OSE” students at the CMA had the A opportunity to go on a one-week study trip at the beginning of March. This year, Taiwan was chosen in order to study its energy system. The energy situa- tion in Taiwan is particularly interesting for several reasons: the country is an island, its geopolitical relationship with its closest neighbor, China, is complex, and it has strong geographical constraints. During the eight days they spent there, the students visited many installations involved in energy and attended some very interesting presentations. In this special issue of our Inf’OSE gazette, we give an overview of the visits we had the chance to make during this enriching week. You will also find in this issue a synthesis of the ideas we shared during conferences on the theme of low-carbon mobility held at two top universities in Taiwan: National Central University (NCU) and National Cheng Kung University (NCKU). First of all, we would like to thank all of those who made this trip possible. Our thanks go to the universities and industrials who warmly welcomed us, took the time to present us their activities, showed us round their installations, and talked with us about technical and economic topics. Thanks to NCU and NCKU for the quality of the audience at the conferences. We would like to thank Taipower, the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Ciel et Terre, Wusanta Reservoir, Taiwan Cement Corporation and Ho-Ping Power Company for the fascinating visits they prepared for us. We also wish to thank Taiwan Tech Arena for receiving us, as well as EDF, Ubiik and UnaBiz for their very interest- ing presentations. Many thanks to the Bureau Français de Taipei and UBIK, who ensured that this trip was both rich and varied. Finally, we would like to thank Gilles Guerassimoff, who heads the post-graduate OSE master’s, and all the team at the Center for Applied Mathematics for organizing this exceptional study trip. We now invite you to discover the richness of the Taiwanese energy system throughout the different steps of our exciting trip. Enjoy your read! Dorine JUBERTIE INF’OSE | March 2019 4 ENERGY IN TAIWAN STATE OF THE ART OF ENERGY IN TAIWAN nown as the “Heart of Asia” thanks to its attraction as a tourist destination and strong K development of high technologies, Taiwan’s energy situation nevertheless remains del- icate. The island is subject to geographical constraints combined with the challenges of energetic transition and air pollution. For these reasons, the government has opted to make some ambitious political choices, such as a strong development of renewable energies and a radical withdrawal from nuclear energy.development of renewable energies and a radical stop of withdrawal from nuclear energy. GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS AT THE CORE OF ITS ENERGY STRATEGY Above all, Taiwan is a small few natural resources, result- (from Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, island (36,000 km²), with ing in energy import require- USA). Lastly, although some only 30% of constructible ments of more than 98%. thought has been given to land surface and the remain- These imports mainly com- the subject, interconnections der covered by mountains. prise coal (from Australia, with China remain impossi- Because of this specific topog- Russia, Indonesia) and gas in ble because of complex dip- raphy, the country possesses the form of liquid natural gas lomatic relationships. CURRENT ENERGY LANDSCAPE RE Coal Gas Oil Nuclear Hydro 6% 12% 12% 6% 29% 35% Current energy mix INF’OSE | March 2019 ENERGY IN TAIWAN 5 The Taiwanese tropical climate Demand has continued to rise industrial activity are greater is an important factor in its over the years, for example in the north than in the south. energy landscape. It is char- from 2017 to 2018, when the Electricity is mainly produced acterized by a hot, humid island’s total consumption from coal and gas (66% of the summer, with a rainy season went from 231 TWh to 233 TWh, energy mix), and the rest is beginning in April, and a an increase of +2 TWh. The produced from nuclear energy mild, drier winter. The conse- mean consumption per inhab- and renewable energy, whose quences are low gas consump- itant equals nearly 10 MWh, shares are slowly growing. tion, and a heat demand satis- with higher demand in the fied by heat pumps. The need north. Indeed, both the con- for electricity is thus high. centration of inhabitants and TARGET FOR 2025 The Taiwanese government also expected to be reduced. the environmental challenges has set a simple and ambi- The expected mix in 2025 that need to be solved. On tious objective for 2025, in a is shown below. This goal the other hand, an increase in context of energy transition. brings new challenges that gas-fired electricity produc- They hope to put a radical the Taiwanese will have to tion requires the construc- stop to nuclear production tackle. On the one hand, the tion of costly harbor infra- (0% of the mix), and replace presence of coal in the mix structures to receive imports. it by gas-fired and renewable remains significant (30%), Moreover, renewable ener- energies. Coal-fired energy is which is inconsistent with gies are expected to increase from 5% to 20% of the mix! RE Coal Gas This target will be difficult to reach, but high feed-in tariffs (incentives for renew- 20% ables) and considerable off- shore-wind potential (5.5 GW on the west coast, 5th world- 50% wide deposit) may help the country reach its objective. 30% Nevertheless, it will need to handle grid stability issues, as we know that the massive integration of renewable Target for 2025 energy sources increases the risk of blackouts. INF’OSE | March 2019 6 ENERGY IN TAIWAN ZOOM ON PLACE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY uclear energy occupies an important place in energy production thanks to its N stability. Nuclear production is perfectly controllable, although time is needed to start or stop the reactors. This stability is vital for such an isolated country. In August 2017, Taiwan faced the greatest blackout in its history when one reactor came to a stop, which illustrates why this energy is important to satisfy increasing demand. However, the small size of the island does not allow a large zone for waste storage. Nuclear waste is stored in situ, which raises security questions. This is the main reason why the government asked for the complete stop of nuclear production before 2025. But the opposing points of view of the two main political camps may lead to a different option, leaving the question open. CONCLUSION To conclude, the island of Nevertheless, its 2025 objec- Taiwan faces energy chal- tives can be achieved pro- lenges due to geographi- vided it establishes sufficient cal and geopolitical reasons incentives for renewables combined with the constraint and acts to solve grid stabil- Antoine of the energy transition. ity issues. JOURDAIN DE MUIZON Sources: Martin TZOU, EDF – Taïwan Market Director, and Prof. Tsung-Kuang YEH, NTHU University, Hsinchu INF’OSE | March 2019 DAY1 7 Visit of the Taiwan TechArena On Monday March 4th, the Master’s students were visited the Taiwan TechArena where they met two start-ups and the French Representative Office in Taipei. WARM WELCOME AT THE FRENCH REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE IN TAIPEI As part of their study trip to Pegatron, which are central Taiwan, the Energy Systems to Asian value chains but Optimization Master’s stu- little known by the general dents had the opportunity public because they mostly to meet up with Mr. Benoît produce white-label goods. Guidée, Director of the French Representative Office in Politically speaking, Taiwan Taipei, on Monday March 4th is one of the most dynamic 2019 at the Taiwan Tech Arena. democracies in Asia, despite the fact that it was under Mr. Guidée gave us a sub- martial law up until 1987. stantiated introduction The first presidential elec- to the island’s history. tion by universal suffrage took place in 1996, and the Taiwan is one of the most first change in political lead- Benoît Guidée, Director of developed economies in Asia. ership dates from 2000. the French Representative The island is in fact the 21st Office in Taipei © Y. LAHMA global economy, with GDP Today, the island is a fully on the one side the more of around 600 billion USD, fledged democracy with conservative Kuomintang, making it the 6th economy in regular political change- which dates from the former Asia ahead of Singapore and overs, a very strong civil dictatorial regime and is Thailand.