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CURRICULUM

OF

ELECTRONICS

BS & MS

(Revised 2017)

HIG HER EDUC ATION COMMISSION

HIGHER COMMISSION ISLAMABAD

1

CURRICULUM DIVISION, HEC

Prof. Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Chairman, HEC Prof. Dr. Arshad Ali Executive Director, HEC Mr. Muhammad Raza Chohan Director General (Acad) Dr. Muhammad Idrees Director (Curriculum) Syeda Sanober Rizvi Deputy Director (Curri) Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque Assistant Director (Curri) Mr. Muhammad Faisal Khan Assistant Director (Curri)

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction 7 2. : 10 3. Learning Objective 10 4. Expected Outcomes 10 5. Curriculum Review Basis – BS Degree 12 6. Curriculum Review Basis – MS Degree 12 7. Scheme of Studies for BS Degree 13 8. BS Elective Courses 16 9. Detail of BS Core Courses 17 6. Scheme of Studies for MS Degree 47

3 PREFACE

The curriculum, with varying definitions, is said to be a plan of the teaching- learning process that students of an academic program me are required to undergo to achieve some specific objectives. It includes scheme of studies, objectives & learning outcomes, course contents, teaching methodologies and assessment/ evaluation. Since knowledge in all disciplines and fields is expanding at a fast pace and new disciplines are also emerging; it is imperative that curricula be developed and revised accordingly.

University Grants Commission (UGC) was designated as the competent authorities to develop, review and revise curricula beyond Class-XII vide Section 3, Sub-Section 2 (ii), and Act of Parliament No. X of 1976 titled “Supervision of Curricula and Textbooks and Maintenance of Standard of Education”. With the repeal of UGC Act, the same function was assigned to the Higher Education Commission (HEC) under its Ordinance of 2002, Section 10, Sub-Section 1 (v).

In compliance with the above provisions, the Curriculum Division of HEC undertakes the revision of curricula regularly through respective National Curriculum Revision Committees (NCRCs) which consist of eminent professors and researchers of relevant fields from public and private sector universities, R&D organizations, councils, industry and civil society by seeking nominations from their organizations.

In order to impart quality education which is at par with indigenous needs and international standards, HEC NCRCs have developed unified framework/ templates as guidelines for the development and revision of curricula in the disciplines of Basic , Applied Sciences, Social Sciences, Agriculture and .

It is hoped that this curriculum document, prepared by the respective NCRC’s, would serve the purpose of meeting our national, social and economic needs, and it would also provide the level of competency specified in Pakistan Qualification Framework to make it compatible with international educational standards. The curriculum is also placed on the website of HEC http://hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/RevisedCurricula/Pages/default.aspx

(Muhammad Raza Chohan) Director General (Academics)

4 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

STAGE-I STAGE-II STAGE-III STAGE-IV

CURRI.UNDER CURRI.IN DRAFT FINAL STAGE FOLLOW UP CONSIDERATION STAGE

COLLECTION OF EXP NOMINATION UNI, R&D, APPRAISAL OF PREP. OF FINAL QUESTIONNAIRE INDUSTRY & 1ST DRAFT BY CURRI. COUNCILS EXP

CONS.OF NCRC. FINALIZATION OF COMMENTS DRAFT BY NCRC PRINTING OF CURRI.

PREP. OF DRAFT REVIEW BY NCRC IMPLE. OF CURRI.

Abbreviations Used:

NCRC. National Curriculum Revision Committee VCC. Vice Chancellor’s Committee ORIENTATION BACK TO STAGE-I EXP. Experts COURSES BY LI, HEC COL. Colleges UNI. Universities PREP. Preparation REC. Recommendations LI Learning Innovation R&D & Development Organization HEC Higher Education Commission CONS: Constitution Curri: Curriculum Imple. Implementation

5

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

STEP 8 STEP 1 Dissemination Nominations (Website/ from all Hard copies) Stakeholders

STEP 7

Selection of Composing/ STEP 2 Relevant Printing Members Curriculum Development Cycle Convening of Final STEP 6 Formulation NCRC of NCRC STEP 3 Preliminary Circulation of Draft for Meeting/ Preparation of (Local/ Foreign) Draft STEP 4 STEP 5 1

6 INTRODUCTION

Final meeting of the National Curriculum Revision Committee (NCRC) on Electronics program took place on May 22-24, 2017, at the Regional Centre of the Higher Education Commission in Lahore. The objective of the meeting was to revise and finalize the BS/MS Electronics curriculum to bring it in line with the BS/MS Program framework approved by HEC in April 2007. The following members of the committee were present in the meeting:

Sr. Name & Address Status No. 1. Prof. Dr. M. Junaid Mughal, Convener Chairperson / Professor, Department of , COMSATS Institute of Information , Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad. 2. Dr. Muhammad Khurram Bhatti Secretary Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, University, 6th Floor, Arfa Software Technology Park, 346-B, Lahore. 3. Prof. Dr. Amir Qayyum, Member Professor/Dean QEC, Department of Electrical Engineering, Capital University of & Technology, Kahuta Road, Zone-V, Islamabad. 4. Dr. Azhar A. Rizvi, Member Professor, Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. 5. Dr. Aqeel Abbas Bukhari, Member Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. 6. Dr. Abdul Jalil Member Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University, A-008, Ibn Khaldon Block, Islamabad. 7. Prof. Dr. Madad Ali Shah, Member Professor / HoD, Department Electrical Engineering, Sukkur Institute of Administration (IBA), Airport Rd, Sukkur. 8. Dr. Sadia Muniza Faraz, Member Assistant Professor, Department of ,

7 NED University of Engineering & Technology, University Road, Karachi. 9. Dr. Muhammad Ali Nizamani, Member Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Isra University, Hala Road, Hyderabad. 10. Dr. Kelash Kanwar Karmani, Member Assistant Professor, Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah. 11. Engr. Muhammad Abid Member Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Baluchistan University of Engineering & Technology, Khuzdar. 12. Dr. Attaullah Khirdani Member Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Baluchistan University of Engineering & Technology, Khuzdar. 13. Ms. Syeda Sanober Rizvi, Co-ordinator Deputy Director, HEC HEC Islamabad

The meeting started with the recitation from the Holy Quran. Ms. Syeda Sanober Rizvi, Deputy Director (Curriculum), HEC, Islamabad, welcomed the participants on behalf of the Chairman HEC and briefed the participants on the policies of HEC about the revision of the sciences curricula in the light of the BS/MS Sciences Program framework. Ms. Rizvi requested the Convener, Prof. Muhammad Junaid Mughal, Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, to conduct proceedings of all technical sessions of the meeting for three days. The convener started proceedings of the meeting in accordance with the agenda.

The Convener, Prof. Dr. M. Junaid Mughal, briefed the curriculum revision committee on the need to have new curricula for BS/MS Electronics program. He said that the objective of the program was to bring the sciences program at par with the international standards and meet the needs of the industry. He further said that the key considerations in the science education should be to give the students a strong foundation about fundamental principles, improve their skills, develop and promote problem- solving and self-learning skills, and expose the students to the social sciences. The convener emphasized the need to provide guidelines for Program Learning Objectives (PLOs) and Course Learning Objectives (CLOs) and synchronize the proposed scheme of studies for BS/MS Electronics program in accordance with the proposed guidelines. The committee, after in-depth 8 discussions, revised the electronics curriculum and brought it in line with the approved BS Program framework of HEC. Following sub-committees were made to discuss various disciplines of the curriculum:

S.No. Broad Areas Committee Members 1. Program Dr. Amir Qayyum Outcomes/Objectives Dr. Muhammad Khurram Bhatti 2. , Digital Dr. Madad Ali Shah Electronics, and Mr. Muhammad Abid Design Dr. Sadia Muniza Faraz Dr. Muhammad Ali Nizamani 3. Dr. Abdul Jalil Dr. M. Junaid Mughal 4. Circuits Dr. Azhar A. Rizvi Dr. Aqeel Abbas Bukhari Dr. Kelash Kanwar Karmani 5. Control Systems Dr. Attaullah Khirdani

The Committee revisited the curriculum subject-wise. After three days rigorous deliberations, the committee unanimously approved the outlines of draft curriculum of the BS & MS Electronics degree program.

9 Electronics

Electronics is an important discipline that finds its use in a large number of applications. Continual advances in electronics in the areas of materials, processes, devices and circuits have been leading to rapid advances in the existing applications of electronics as well as in the emergence of new applications. To harness the full potential of developments in electronics and further advance the related to electronics, it is important to have strong BS Electronics program to educate and train individuals in this key discipline of science. Keeping in mind the overall objectives to be achieved through this program of study, the curriculum of BS Electronics has been developed.

Learning Objectives:

It is envisioned that all institutions will make efforts to follow the Outcome Based Education (OBE) system and focus on the learning and growth of the students. The curriculum is designed to enable the students to learn, understand, and apply the fundamental and advanced concepts of electronics. This curriculum should be taught in such a manner that it produces with sufficient hands-on skills and problem-solving mindset, in order to contribute effectively in the profession. In order to derive the maximum benefits from this curriculum, the students should be provided ample opportunities to polish their communication skills, exhibit ethical behavior and effective leadership, and prepare themselves to be a responsible professional of the society.

Expected Outcomes:

Following the Outcome Based Education (OBE) approach and focusing on the learning of the students, the proposed curriculum has been designed to produce graduates with the following attributes and outcomes:

Learning Outcome 1 – Knowledge: Ability to apply knowledge of and sciences in the field of electronics.

Learning Outcome 2 – : Ability to identify scientific problems, as well as to analyze and interpret data

Learning Outcome 3 – Design and Problem Solving: Ability to formulate or design electronic systems as well as to solve problems related to the discipline

Learning Outcome 4 – Technical Skills: Ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern scientific tools necessary for professional practice

Learning Outcome 5 – Teamwork: Ability to function effectively in multidisciplinary teams Learning Outcome 6 – Ethics: Ability to apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities

10 Learning Outcome 7 – Communication Skills: Ability to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing

Learning Outcome 8 – Impact on Society: Ability to understand the impact of scientific solutions in a global and societal context

Learning Outcome 9 – Lifelong Learning: Ability to recognize importance and engagement in lifelong learning

Learning Outcome 10 – Leadership: Ability to demonstrate effective leadership and decision-making skills.

11 Curriculum Review Basis – BS Degree

The curriculum for the undergraduate degree program is based on the Standardized Format/Scheme of Studies for Four-Year Integrated Curricula for Bachelor Degree in Basic, Social, Natural and Applied Sciences (Annexure I):

Duration: Total duration: Four (4) calendar years Total number of semesters: Eight (8) Duration of a semester: Sixteen (16) to eighteen (18) weeks

Eligibility Criteria: Minimum Level: Intermediate or equivalent degree Pre-requisite courses: Physics and Mathematics Minimum Grade: Second division

Credit Hours: Total number of credit hours: 124 to 136 Contact hours: One (1) contact hour per week for each credit hour of theory course Three (3) contact hours per week for each credit hour of lab course

Curriculum Review Basis – MS Degree:

The curriculum for the graduate degree program is based on the following considerations:

Duration: Total duration: Two (2) years Total number of semesters: Four (4) Duration of a semester: Sixteen (16) to eighteen (18) weeks

Eligibility Criteria: BS electronics or equivalent degree

Credit Hours: Total number of credit hours: 30 (24 Credit hours of coursework and 6 credit hours of thesis) Contact hours: One (1) contact hour per week for each credit hour of theory course

12 Scheme of Studies for BS Degree

No. Course Title Lec Lab CR FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER 1 English - I (Functional English) 3 0 3 2 Introduction to Computing 2 1 3 3 Calculus and Analytical Geometry 3 0 3 4 Physics – I 3 1 4 5 Islamic Studies/Ethics 2 0 2 Semester Total 13 2 15

SECOND SEMESTER 1 English - II (Communication Skills) 3 0 3 2 Circuit Theory-I 3 1 4 3 Differential Equations 3 0 3 4 Physics – II 3 0 3 5 Solid State Electronics 3 0 3 6 Pakistan Studies 2 0 2 Semester Total 17 1 18 First Year Credit Hours 30 3 33

No. Course Title Lec Lab CR SECOND YEAR THIRD SEMESTER 1 English – III (Technical Report Writing) 3 0 3 2 Basic Electronics 3 1 4 3 Circuit Theory-II 3 1 4 4 Complex Variables and Transforms 3 0 3 5 Programming 2 1 3 Semester Total 14 3 17

13 FOURTH SEMESTER 1 Signals and Systems 3 1 4 2 Digital Logic Design 3 1 4 3 Electronic 3 1 4 4 Linear Algebra 3 0 3 5 General – I 3 0 3 Semester Total 15 3 18 Second Year Credit Hours 29 6 35

No. Course Title Lec Lab CR THIRD YEAR FIFTH SEMESTER 1 Integrated Circuits 3 0 3 2 and 3 1 4 3 Probability and Random Variables 3 0 3 4 Instrumentation and Measurements 3 1 4 5 Linear Control Systems 3 1 4 Semester Total 15 3 18

SIXTH SEMESTER 1 Electromagnetic Theory 3 0 3 2 Communication Systems 3 1 4 3 Digital 3 1 4 4 Design 3 1 4 5 General-II 3 0 3 Total 15 3 18 Third Year Credit Hours 30 6 36

No. Course Title Lec Lab CR FOURTH YEAR SEVENTH SEMESTER 1 VLSI Design 3 0 3 2 Data Communication and Networks 3 1 4 3 Elective – I 3 0/1 3 / 4 4 Elective – II 3 0/1 3 / 4 5 Research Project – I 0 3 3 16 Semester Total 12 4 / 6 /18

14

EIGHTH SEMESTER 1 Electronics 3 1 4 2 Elective – III 3 0 3 3 Elective – IV 3 0 3 4 Research Project – II 0 3 3 Semester Total 9 4 13 29 / Final Year Credit Hours 21 8 / 10 31 25 / 133 / Total Program Credit Hours 110 27 135

15 BS Elective Courses –to be updated

The list of electives given below is not exhaustive; the university/institute may add an elective based on available expertise. Minimum Credit Hours of Elective Course selected will be 3 Hrs:

 Industrial Electronics  Introduction to  Industrial  Opto-electronics  Laser and Fiber Optics  Advance Computer Programming  Optimal Communication Systems  Biomedical Instrumentation   Linear Integrated Circuits  Antennas & Propagation  Transmission Lines and Antennas  Artificial Intelligence  Pattern Recognition  Embedded Systems  Digital Control Systems  Digital Image Processing  Information & Coding Theory  Communication  Satellite Communication  Renewable Energy

16

DETAIL OF COURSES First Semester

Course Title: English – I (Functional English) Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking.

Course Contents: Basics of Grammar, Parts of speech and use of articles, Sentence structure, active and passive voice, Practice in unified sentence, Analysis of phrase, clause and sentence structure, Transitive and intransitive verbs, Punctuation and spelling.

Recommended Books: 1. Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet. Exercises 1. Third edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. 2. Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet. Exercises 2. Third edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. 3. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1993, Pages 20-27 and 35-41. 4. Reading. Upper Intermediate. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992.

Course Name: Introduction to Computing Credit hours: 3(2+1) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: To teach the structure, operation, programming and applications of . To familiarize with Windows Operating system and its administration. Familiarization with MS-Office and algorithm design.

Course Contents: History, classification, basic components of computers. CPU, memory, Input/ Output and other peripheral devices. Storage and devices, physical and logical storage, file storage. Software: system software, application software, operating systems. Exploring the and Web: Internet applications, E- Mail, Internet Communication networks, Internet and the . Data organization: Databases services, browsers, organizational and HTML, and Information Systems. Programming: Programming languages, compilation and interpretation, problem specification, algorithms, flow chart, pseudo code, basic programming techniques. Development of basic algorithms, analyzing problems, designing solutions, testing designed solutions. 17 Lab outline: Lab work will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. Peter Norton, “Introduction to Computers”, Seventh Edition, Tata McGraw- Hill. 2. Yale Patt, Sanjay Patel, “Introduction to Computing Systems: From Bits & Gates to C & Beyond”, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill. 3. Mary Anne Poatsy, Keith Mulbery, et. al., Exploring Microsoft Office 2016, Volume 1, Pearson.

Course Name: Calculus and Analytical Geometry Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: Teach the concepts of calculus and analytic geometry, and the applications of these concepts to the solution of engineering problems.

Course Outline: Introduction to functions, introduction to limit, derivatives and their applications, integral calculus with applications, vector algebra, vector calculus, introduction to analytical geometry, straight line in R3 planes, cylindrical and spherical coordinates, surfaces, cylinders and cones, spheres, spherical trigonometry.

Recommended Books: 1. George B. Thomas and Ross L. Finney, “Calculus and Analytic Geometry,” Ninth Edition, 1995, Addison-Wesley. 2. George F. Simmons, “Calculus with Analytic Geometry,” Second Edition, 1996, McGraw-Hill. 3. Gerald B. Folland, “Advanced Calculus,” 1st Edition, 2002, Prentice Hall. 4. Monty J. Strauss, Gerald L. Bradley and Karl J. Smith, “Calculus,” 2002, Prentice Hall.

Course Name: Physics - I Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: Understand the concepts of force, energy and wave properties, optics and thermodynamics.

Course Outline: Review of vector analysis, vector field, line integral, surface integral, volume integral, gradient of vector field, divergence and curl of vector, transformation between coordinates; motion in one, two and three dimensions; Newton’s laws of motion and its applications, work and kinetic energy, potential energy and conservation, momentum, impulse and collision; rotation of rigid bodies, 18 dynamics of rotational motion, torque and angular momentum; periodic motion, simple harmonic motion and examples, , types of waves, waves on strings, general wave equation and plane wave solution, electromagnetic waves, interference, diffraction and polarization.

Recommended Books: 1. Douglas C. Giancoli, “Physics for Scientists and ,” Third Edition, 2000, Prentice Hall. 2. David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker, “Fundamentals of Physics,” Seventh Edition, 2005, John Wiley & Sons. 3. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, “University Physics with Modern Physics,” Eleventh Edition, 2003, Addison Wesley.

Course Name: Islamic Studies/Ethics Credit hours: 2 (2+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: To provide Basic information about Islamic Studies, to enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic Civilization, to improve Students skill to perform prayers and other worships, to enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to faith and religious life.

Course Content: Introduction to Quranic Studies, Basic Concepts of Quran, History of Quran, Uloom-ul –Quran, Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran, Verses of Surah Al- Baqara Related to Faith (Verse No-284-286), Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi (Verse No-1-18), Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful (Verse No-1-11), Verses of Surah al- Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No.63-77), Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam (Verse No-152-154), Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No.6,21,40,56,57,58.), Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of Judgment, Verses of Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar, Tadabar (Verse No-1,14), Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W), Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah (Before Prophet Hood), Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah, Important Lessons derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Makkah, Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W), Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Madina, Important Events of Life of Holy Prophet in Madina, Important Lessons derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Madina. Introduction To Sunnah, Basic Concepts of Hadith, History of Hadith, Kinds of Hadith, Uloom-ul-Hadith, Sunnah & Hadith, Legal Position of Sunnah, Selected Study from Text of Hadith, Introduction To Islamic Law & Jurisprudence, Basic Concepts of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence, History & Importance of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence, Sources of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence, Nature of Differences in Islamic Law, Islam and Sectarianism. Islamic Culture & Civilization, Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization, Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization, Characteristics of 19 Islamic Culture & Civilization, Islamic Culture & Civilization and Contemporary Issues, Islam & Science, Basic Concepts of Islam & Science, Contributions of Muslims in the Development of Science, Quran & Science, Islamic Economic System, Basic Concepts of Islamic Economic System, Means of Distribution of wealth in Islamic Economics, Islamic Concept of Riba, Islamic Ways of Trade & Commerce. Political System of Islam, Basic Concepts of Islamic Political System, Islamic Concept of Sovereignty, Basic Institutions of Govt. in Islam, Islamic History, Period of Khlaft-E-Rashida, Period of Ummayyads, Period of Abbasids, Social System of Islam, Basic Concepts of Social System of Islam, Elements of Family, Ethical Values of Islam.

Recommended Books: 1. Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Emergence of Islam”, IRI, 2. Islamabad 3. Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Muslim Conduct of State” 4. Hameed ullah Muhammad, ‘Introduction to Islam 5. Mulana Muhammad Yousaf Islahi,” 6. Hussain Hamid Hassan, “An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law” leaf Publication Islamabad, Pakistan. 7. Ahmad Hasan, “Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence” Islamic Research 8. Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993) 9. Mir Waliullah, “Muslim Jurisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes” Islamic Book Service (1982) 10. HS. Bhatia, “Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society” Deep & Deep Publications, New Delhi (1989) 11. Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, “Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia” Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad (2001)

20 Second Semester

Course Name: English – II (Communication Skills) Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: Enable the students to meet their professional life communication needs.

Course Contents: Practice in writing a good, unified and coherent paragraph, essay writing, CV and job application, Translation skills, Urdu to English, Skimming and scanning, intensive and extensive, and speed reading, summary and précis writing and comprehension, Letter/memo writing, minutes of meetings, use of library and internet, Personality development (emphasis on content, style and pronunciation)

Recommended Books: 1. Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet. Exercises 2. 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press 1986. 2. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Chrisitine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1993, Pages 45-53. 3. Writing. Upper-Intermediate by Rob Nolasco. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1992. 4. Reading. Advanced. Brian Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1991. 5. Reading and Study Skills by John Langan, Study Skills by Riachard York.

Course Name: Circuit Theory-I Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: To introduce the basic concepts and physical principles of electrical circuits.

Course Content: Physical Foundations: , , resistance, ohm’s law, energy and power; Circuit Elements: , , , ideal vs non-Ideal sources; Resistive Circuits: KVL, KCL, series/parallel configurations, , , equivalent resistance, Wye- Delta transformations, Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits; Mesh and Node analysis; Network Theorems (Superposition, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer) with independent and dependent sources; alternating current fundamentals; phasor representation of alternating current;

21 AC voltage and current relationships for pure resistive, inductive and capacitive circuits. Introduction to operational .

Lab Outline: Lab content should be in accordance with the course outlines.

Recommended Books: 1. William H. Hayt, Jack Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, 8th Edition, 2012, McGraw-Hill. 2. J. David Irwin and Robert M. Nelms, Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis, 11th Edition, 2015, John Wiley & Sons. 3. Robert L. Boylestad, Introductory Circuit Analysis, 13th Edition, 2015, Pearson.

Course Name: Differential Equations Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: Calculus and Analytical Geometry

Course Objective: To introduce basic techniques pertaining to matrices and formulation/solution of differential equations.

Course Content:

Basic concepts of ordinary differential equation, General and particular solutions, Initial and boundary conditions, Linear and nonlinear differential equations, Solution of first order differential equation by separable variables and its applications in our daily life situations, The techniques like change of variable, homogeneous, non-homogeneous, exact, non-exact, linear and nonlinear Bernoulli could be used in case of complications. Solution of second order differential equation by theory of operators and its applications as forced and free oscillations, The extension of second order solution criteria to higher order differential equations, Solution of the system of differential equations by theory of operators and its applications in our daily life situations, Laplace solution of ordinary differential equations. Basic concepts, Linear and nonlinear p.d. equations, Quasi linear and Quasi nonlinear p.d. equations, Homogeneous and non-homogeneous p.d. equations, Solutions of p.d. equations, Boundary and initial conditions as Dirichlet condition, Neumann condition, Robbins/Mixed condition, Classification of p.d. equations as Elliptic, Parabolic and Hyperbolic. Analytic solution by separation of variables of the Steady-state Two-Dimensional Heat equation/Laplace equation and Unsteady-State One-Dimensional Heat equation/ equation with homogeneous and non-homogeneous boundary conditions. D’Alembert’s solution of two-dimensional wave equation with homogeneous and non- homogeneous boundary conditions.

22 Fourier Series: Periodic waveforms and their Fourier representations, Calculating a Fourier series, Fourier series of odd and even functions, Half range Fourier series, Fourier series solution p.d. equations.

Recommended Books: 1. Modern Differential Equations by Abell and Braselton, McGraw-Hill 2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Louis C. Barrett, McGraw-Hill 3. Ervin and Kreyszig, E. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley and Sons, (Latest Edition). 4. Speigal M. R., Theory and Problems of Laplace Transforms, Schaum’s Outline Series.

Course Name: Physics - II Credit hours: 3(3+0) Prerequisite: Physics-I

Course Objectives: Teach the fundamentals and applications of thermodynamics, electrostatics, magneto statics, electrodynamics, and Maxwell’s equations. Derivation of wave equation and plane wave solution.

Course Content: Temperature and heat, thermal properties of , kinetic theory of gases, First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics, entropy; electric charge, Coulomb’s Law, electric field due to point charge, electric fields due to various charge distributions, electric field of a dipole, electric field lines, flux of electric field, Gauss’s Law and its applications; insulators, conductors and ; charge distribution on conductors, electric potential and potential difference, electric potential due to various charge distributions, equipotential surface, calculation of field from potential; , , parallel-plate , other capacitor configurations, capacitors in series and parallel, energy in capacitors; current and , resistivity and conductivity, Ohm’s Law , electric power, emf, magnetic fields, magnetic field of current and magnetic force on current-carrying wire, motion of a charged particle in a uniform electric and magnetic fields, e/m for and use of CRO, magnetic field of coil and torque on a current loop, force between two parallel currents carrying conductors and definition of Ampere, solenoids and toroids, Faraday’s Law of induction, induced current and emf, Lenz’s Law, , inductance of solenoid, self- and mutual induction

Recommended Books: 1. Douglas C. Giancoli, “Physics for Scientists and Engineers,” 3rd Edition, 2000, Prentice Hall. 2. David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker, “Fundamentals of Physics,” 7th Edition, 2005, John Wiley & Sons. 3. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, “University Physics with Modern Physics,” 11th Edition, 2003, Addison Wesley. 23 Course Name: Solid State Electronics Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: To teach fundamental concepts of solid state Physics, Quantum mechanics and quantum effects. To impart the knowledge of semiconductor materials and their devices. To understand the electrical behavior of semiconductor devices under varying excitation conditions.

Course Content: Semiconductor crystal lattices, planes and directions. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Schrodinger’s wave equation, electron in free space, infinite and step potential function, extensions of wave theory to atoms. Allowed and forbidden energy bands, electrical conduction in solids, effective mass theorem, Boltzmann transport theory and distribution function, space lattices, atomic bonding, impurities and imperfection in solids, energy band structure. generation, recombination and carrier lifetimes, carrier transport phenomena, high field transport, impact ionization, Carrier diffusion, drift and high field effect, mobility and conductivity, velocity saturation, Hall effect with applications to electronic devices, graded impurity distribution, homo-junction and hetero-junction properties of semiconductor devices and theories underlying the static/dynamic characteristics of semiconductor devices. Optical absorption, luminescence, photoconductivity, direct and indirect recombination, photoconductive devices, quasi Fermi level, Haynes-Schokley experiment.

Recommended Books: 1. Solid State Electronic Devices,7th Edition, by Ben Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee, Pearson; (March 19, 2014) 2. Physics of Semiconductor Devices, by Simon M. Sze, Kwok K. Ng, Wiley- Interscience; 3 edition (October 27, 2006).

Course Name: Pakistan Studies Credit hours: 2 (2+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: Develop vision of historical perspective, government, politics, contemporary Pakistan, ideological background of Pakistan. Study the process of governance, national development, issues arising in the modern age and posing challenges to Pakistan

Course Content: Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Factors leading to Muslim separatism, People and Land, Indus Civilization, Muslim advent, 24 Location and geo-physical features. Government and Politics in Pakistan, Political and constitutional phases: 1947-58, 1958-71, 1971-77, 1977-88, 1988-99, and 1999-onward. Contemporary Pakistan: Economic institutions and issues, Society and social structure, Ethnicity, Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges, Futuristic outlook of Pakistan.

Recommended Books: 1. Burki, Shahid Javed. State & Society in Pakistan, The MacMillan Press Ltd 1980. 2. Akbar, S. Zaidi. Issues in Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000. 3. SM. Burke and Lawrence Ziring. Pakistan’s Foreign policy: An Historical analysis. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1993. 4. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore, 1994. 5. Wilcox, Wayne. The Emergence of Bangladesh, Washington: American Enterprise, Institute of Public Policy Research, 1972. 6. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Kayyun Toota, Lahore: Idara-e-Saqafat-e- Islamia, Club Road, nd. 7. Amin, Tahir. Ethno - National Movement in Pakistan, Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad. 8. Ziring, Lawrence. Enigma of Political Development. Kent England: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd, 1980. 9. Zahid, Ansar. History & Culture of Sindh. Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1980. 10. Afzal, M. Rafique. Political Parties in Pakistan, Vol. I, II & III. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and cultural Research, 1998. 11. Sayeed, Khalid Bin. The Political System of Pakistan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967. 12. Aziz, K.K. Party, Politics in Pakistan, Islamabad: National Commission on Historical and Cultural Research, 1976. 13. Muhammad Waseem, Pakistan under Martial Law, Lahore: Vanguard, 1987. 14. Haq, Noor ul. Making of Pakistan: The Perspective. Islamabad: National Commission on Historical and Cultural Research, 1993.

25 Third Semester

Course Name: English – III (Technical Report Writing) Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking.

Course Contents: Presentation skills, Essay writing. Descriptive, narrative, discursive, argumentative. , How to write a proposal for research paper/term paper. How to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis on style, content, language, form, clarity, consistency). Technical Report writing. Progress report writing.

Recommended Books: 1. Writing. Advanced by Ron White. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992. 2. College Writing Skills by John Langan. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 2004. 3. Patterns of College Writing (4th Edition) by Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. St. Martin’s Press.

Course Name: Basic Electronics Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Solid State Electronics

Course Objectives: To introduce the basics of semiconductors electronic devices and circuits.

Course Contents: Introduction to semiconductor devices: pn-junction, semiconductor , forward and reverse-bias characteristics of , equivalent circuit of diode, , DC load line; Diode Applications: half-wave and full-wave , and clamper circuits, diode as a , and special purpose diodes; Bipolar Junction (BJT): transistor operation, npn and pnp , transistor DC , common-emitter configuration, common base configuration, common collector configuration, DC and AC analysis of BJT, small and large signal models; Field-Effect Transistor (FET), types of FET, theory and operation of FETs and , biasing techniques and characteristics, common-drain configuration, common-source configuration, common-gate configuration, fixed bias and self-bias configurations, voltage divider biasing, JFET and MOSFET bias curves, DC and AC analyses of FET; Introduction to operational amplifier; Basics of .

26 Lab Outline: Lab content should be in accordance with the course outlines.

Recommended Books: 1. Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Circuits, 7th Edition, 2014, Oxford University Press. 2. Robert Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 11th Edition, 2012, Pearson. 3. Donald A. Neaman, Microelectronics Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th Edition, 2010, McGraw-Hill.

Course Name: Circuit Theory-II Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Circuit Theory-I

Course Objectives: To introduce the analysis of Alternating Current (AC) electrical circuits, their frequency response, and transfer functions.

Course Contents: Integro-differential equations for linear circuits: First, second, and higher order linear circuits, transient and steady state response for source free and with source, complete response for RLC circuits, resonance, lossless LC circuits, complex forcing functions. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis: phasor relations of network variables, impedance and admittance, quality factor, power factor, theorem of maximum power transfer, sinusoidal steady state response, complex network function, resonant circuits, filter circuits; two ports and multi- port circuits; magnetically coupled circuits; mutual inductance; ideal and real transformers; hybrid parameters; interconnection of two port networks; two- port BJT circuits.

Lab outline: Lab content should be in accordance with the course outlines.

Recommended Books: 1. William H. Hayt, Jack Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, 8th Edition, 2012, McGraw-Hill. 2. J. David Irwin and Robert M. Nelms, Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis, 11th Edition, 2015, John Wiley & Sons.

27 Course Title: Complex Variables and Transforms Credit Hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: Differential Equations

Course Objectives: Introduce the concepts of complex variables, Laplace transform, Fourier transform, and use of transforms in the solution of engineering problems

Course Content: Introduction to systems, Argand’s diagram, modulus and argument of a complex number, polar form of a complex number, De Moivre’s theorem and its applications, complex functions, analytical functions, harmonic and conjugate, harmonic functions, Cauchy-Riemann. Introduction to complex number systems, Argand’s diagram, modulus and argument of a complex number, polar form of a complex number, De Moivre’s theorem and its applications, complex functions, analytical functions, harmonic and conjugate, harmonic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, line integrals, Green’s theorem, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, singularities, poles, residues, contour integration and applications; Laplace transform definition, Laplace transforms of elementary functions, properties of Laplace transform, periodic functions and their Laplace transforms, inverse Laplace transform and its properties, convolution theorem, inverse Laplace transform by integral and partial fraction methods, Heaviside expansion formula, solutions of ordinary differential equations by Laplace transform, applications of Laplace transforms; series solution of differential equations, validity of series solution, ordinary point, singular point, Forbenius method, indicial equation, Bessel’s differential equation, its solution of first kind and recurrence formulae, Legendre differential equation and its solution, Rodrigues formula; Fourier transform definition, Fourier transforms of simple functions, magnitude and phase spectra, Fourier transform theorems, inverse Fourier transform, solutions of differential equations using Fourier transform.

Recommended Books: 1. Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 10th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

Course Name: Computer Programming Credit hours: 3 (2+1) Prerequisites: Introduction to Computing

Course Objectives: To introduce the fundamental concepts of structured and object-oriented programming.

Course Content: Overview of computer programming and languages used for the programming. Fundamental Programming Constructs: data types, variables, basics of input 28 and output, loops and decisions. Functions, structures, arrays and strings, pointers. Structured and Modular Programming. Program Development: analyzing problems, designing algorithm/solution, and translating algorithms into programs. Object oriented programming and software development: objects, classes, operator overloading, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. Exception handling, testing and debugging designed solution.

Lab outline: Lab work will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. Robert Lafore, "Object-Oriented Programming in C++", Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall. 2. Stroustrop, Bjarne. The C++ Programming Language. 4th ed. Addison- Wesley Professional, 2013. 3. Hanly & Koffman, “Problem Solving and Program Design in C”, Sixth Edition, Addison-Wesley. 4. Paul Dietel and Harvey Deitel, “C++: How to Programme”, Pearson; 10 edition (March 10, 2016)

29 Fourth Semester

Course Name: Signals and Systems Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Complex Variables and Transforms

Course Objectives: To provide understanding on classification of signals and systems. Teach the time and frequency domain analysis techniques for continuous and discrete time signals and linear systems.

Course Content: Continuous-time and discrete-time signals; periodic signals, even and odd signals, exponential and sinusoidal signals, the unit impulse and unit step functions, continuous-time and discrete-time systems; linear time invariant (LTI) systems, difference equation, complex frequency analysis (s-domain) causality, BIBO stability, convolution and correlation, Discrete Time Fourier Transforms, time and frequency characterization of signals and systems, the sampling theorem, aliasing, sampling the discrete time signals, z-transform, analysis and characterization of LTI systems using z-transform, Introduction to Analog filter design.

Lab outline: Lab work will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. V. Oppenheim, A. Willsky with S. Hamid, Signal and Systems, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1998. 2. S. Haykin and B. Van Veen, "Signals and Systems", 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2002 3. M. J. Roberts, "Fundamentals of Signals and Systems", McGraw-Hill, 2007 4. B. P. Lathi, "Linear Systems and Signals", 2nd Edition, Oxford, 2004

Course Name: Digital Logic Design Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: Understand various logic gates, and logic circuit simplification techniques. Understand the concepts of combinational and sequential logic circuits, and Programmable Logic Devices. Apply Boolean algebraic principles for design of combinational and sequential circuits. Apply acquired knowledge to implement small-scale digital logic circuits

Course Content: Overview of number system, Logic gates and Boolean algebra, Sum of Product (SOP) and Product of Sum (POS), Truth table simplification, Karnaugh map, 30 Quine mcCluskey, Combinational logic design including: adders, comparators, decoders, encoders, code converters, /de-multiplexers, Sequential circuit design, flip-flops, registers, state , Synchronous and asynchronous counters, applications, , static and dynamic RAM/ROM, flash and special types of memories, Introduction to programmable logic devices (PAL, PLD’s, FPLDs and FPGAs).

Lab outline: Lab work will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. Mano, Kime and Martin, “Logic & Computer Design Fundamentals”, 5th Edition, 2016, Pearson 2. Brown and Vranesic, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Design”, 3rd Edition, 2014, McGraw Hill 3. Digital Fundamentals by Floyd, Pearson; 11 edition (July 24, 2014)

Course Name: Design Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Basic Electronics

Course Objectives: Enable the students to analyze and design practical circuits using discrete circuit elements.

Course Contents: Amplifier Circuits: Transistor as an amplifier, small signal analysis, large-signal analysis, single stage, multistage ; Classes of Amplifiers: Class A, B, AB, and C amplifiers, push-pull amplifier, complementary symmetry amplifier; Coupled Amplifies: RC-coupled, transformer coupled, direct coupled amplifiers; Frequency response of the amplifiers, audio frequency amplifiers, frequency amplifiers, tuned amplifiers; feedback in amplifiers, effect of feedback on frequency response; Practical Amplifier Considerations: input and output , amplifier loading; Oscillator Circuits: basic theory, circuit, damped and undamped oscillations, phase-shift oscillator, Colpitt oscillator, Hartley oscillator, Wein-bridge oscillator, Clapp oscillator, crystal Oscillator; Circuits.

Lab outline: Lab contents will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. Donald A. Neaman, Microelectronics Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th Edition, 2010, McGraw-Hill. 2. J. Millman, C. Halkias, and C. D. Parikh, Integrated Electronics, 2nd Edition, 2009, McGraw Hill.

31 3. Thomas Floyd and David Buchla, Basic Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, 2nd Edition, 1999, Prentice Hall.

Course Name: Linear Algebra Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: Introduce the matrix theory and use of matrices in the solution of engineering problems.

Course Content: Algebra of matrices; inverse of a matrix; Gauss-Jordan method for the solution of a system of linear algebraic equations; vectors in the plane and in three dimensions; vector functions; vector spaces; subspaces; span and linear independence; basis and dimension; homogeneous systems; coordinates and isomorphism; rank of a matrix; determinant; inverse of a matrix; applications of determinants; determinants from a computational point of view; properties of determinants; eigenvalues and eigenvectors; systems of linear differential equations; diagonalization; Hermitian matrices; singular value decomposition; quadratic forms; positive definite matrices; non-negative matrices; floating- point numbers; Gaussian elimination; pivoting strategies; matrix norms and condition numbers; orthogonal transformations; eigenvalue problem; least square problems.

Recommended Books: 1. Bernard Kolman and David Hill, “Elementary Linear Algebra,” Eighth Edition, 2004, Prentice Hall. 2. Kenneth Hardy, “Linear Algebra for Engineers and Scientists Using MATLAB,” First Edition, 2005, Prentice Hall. 3. Stephen Goode, “Differential Equations and Linear Algebra,” Second Edition, 2000, Prentice Hall.

Course Name: General-I Credit hours: 3 (3+0)

32 Fifth Semester

Course Name: Integrated Circuits Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: Electronic Circuit Design

Course Objectives: To develop understanding of analog, digital electronic circuits and operational amplifier. To impart knowledge about the fabrication of electronic devices and comparison of the performance of integrated circuits.

Course Content: Detailed design of pulse and switching circuits, switch; nonstable, a stable and bitable circuits; emitter-coupled flip-flop; margin; -out; propagation delay; ; saturating and non-saturating logic families (DTL, TTL, ECL, I2L, CMOS); detailed study of timer ICs and their applications; analog and digital circuit interface with applications; introduction to the fabrication of digital microelectronic pMOS, nMOS, CMOS, and BiCMOS circuits; epitaxy, ion implantation and oxidation; differential amplifiers: DC and AC analysis of ; design of simple differential amplifier; level translator; current sources (simple current mirror, Widler and Wilson current source): output stage design; use of op-amp as a circuit element, offset and offset compensation, op-amp with negative feedback, frequency response of an op- amp, DC and AC analysis of op-amp ICs.

Recommended Books: 1. Microelectronic Circuits, 7th edition by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith, Oxford University Press; (November 14, 2014). 2. Basic Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, 2nd Edition, by Thomas L. Floyd, David M. Buchla, Pearson; (December 26, 1998) 3. Digital Integrated Electronics- H. Taub & D. Shilling, McGraw-Hill Inc., US; International edition (July 1, 1977)

Course Name: Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Digital Logic Design

Course Objectives: Define and explain the architecture, programming, interfacing, and applications of microprocessors and microcontrollers. Understand and apply the fundamentals of assembly level programming. Familiarize with parallel, serial interfacing and interrupt programming.

Course Contents: Introduction to and microcontrollers, basic concepts, control unit, internal registers, ALU of an 8-bit or 16-bit microprocessor, timing and sequencing, peripherals and interfacing, memory and I/O synchronization, wait 33 state, hardware single stepping, memory speed requirements, logic levels, loading and buffering. Understanding the instruction set, data transfer, logic operations and branching, programmed I/O interrupts, microprocessor system design, code and assembly language programming, Applications of microcontrollers

Lab outline: Lab work will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. Barry B. Brey, “The Microprocessors: 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4,” Seventh Edition, 2006, Prentice Hall, 2. Douglas V. Hall, “Microprocessor and Interfacing”, Revised Second Edition, 2005, Tata McGraw-Hill. 3. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Mazidi and Rolin McKinlay, “8051 and Embedded Systems,” Second Edition, 2005, Prentice Hall. 4. Charles Gilmore, "Microprocessors: Principles and Application", McGraw Hill.

Course Name: Probability and Random Variables Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: To introduce the fundamentals of probability and random variables with applications to practical problems, primarily chosen from areas of computer networks, communication, signal processing, control, estimation, reliability and engineering decision making. The course will emphasize to equip students with the basic tools required to build and analyze probability models in the context of science

Course Outline: Set theory, basic concepts of probability, conditional probability, independent events, Baye's formula, discrete and continuous random variables, distributions and density functions, probability distributions (binomial, Poisson, hyper geometric, normal, uniform and exponential), mean, variance, standard deviations, moments and moment generating functions, linear regression and curve fitting, limits theorems, stochastic processes, first and second order characteristics, applications.

Recommended Books: 1. Leon Garcia - Probability, Statistics and Random Processes for Electrical Engineering 3rd edition, 2008, Pearson.

34 2. Susan Milton and Jesse C. Arnold, “Introduction to Probability and Statistics: Principles and Applications for Engineering and the Computing Sciences,” Fourth Edition, 2003. 3. William Mendenhall and Terry Sincich, “Statistics for Engineers and the Sciences,” Fifth Edition, 2007, Prentice Hall. 4. Roy D. Yates and David J. Goodman, Probability and Stochastic Processes, Second Edition, 2004, Wiley

Course Name: Instrumentation and Measurements Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: The introduction and understanding of the principles and methods of measurements. The study of instruments for the measurement of electrical and non-electrical quantities.

Course Content: Basic principal of measurement, Precision measurements terminologies principles of different measurement techniques; Types of measurement devices, construction and working of different analog and digital meters, measurement of physical quantities, measurement methods, error theory, structure of measurement, , signal conditioning, and condensers, types of signal conditioning, Measurement displays, LCD, CRT, etc.) Recording frequency meters phase meters digital voltmeter, oscilloscope. Sensitivity, accuracy, and uncertainty; instruments for measurement of electrical properties, pressure, temperature, position, velocity, flow rates (mass and volume) and concentration, modern instrumentation techniques; static and dynamic responses of instrumentation principles of operation, signal generators, power and energy meters; high-voltage measurements.

Lab outline: Lab work will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. Klaas B. Klaassen and Steve Gee, “Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,” 1996, Cambridge University Press. 2. H Kevin, JamesH, “PC Interfacing and Data Acquisition: Techniques for Measurement, Instrumentation and Control,” 2000, Newnes,

Course Name: Linear Control Systems Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Complex Variables & Transforms

Course Objectives: To introduce the basic concepts of feedback, automatic , their transfer functions, shifting properties from time domain to frequency domain, 35 design of compensation techniques using compensator, lag-compensator and Lead/lag compensator, etc.

Course Content: What is control system terminology, Introduction to control problems; open- loop and closed-loop systems, transfer functions, block diagrams, signal flow graphs; introduction to modeling; formation of differential equations of electrical, mechanical and other systems, steady-state and transient response of first-order, second-order and higher-order systems, transfer functions; stability, Routh’s stability criterion, types and analysis of feedback control systems; Root Locus analysis, Bode plots, Nyquist stability criterion, and phase margins; introduction to state-space concepts and design techniques, formation and solution of state equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, compensation techniques; PID controllers.

Lab outline: Lab contents will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. Constantine H. Hopis “Linear Control System” 6th edition, 2013 CRC Press. 2. Katsuhiko Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering,” 5th Edition, 2010, Pearson. 3. Benjamin C. Kuo, “Automatic Control Systems,” 8th Edition, 2003, John Wiley & Sons.

36 Sixth Semester

Course Name: Theory Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: Physics - II

Course Objectives: Teach the concepts and mathematical methods to understand and analyze electromagnetic fields and waves.

Course Content: Stationary electrics fields: Basic laws and concepts of electrostatics, Differential form of electrostatic laws. Stationary magnetics fields: Statics magnetic field laws and concepts, Differential forms for magneto statics and the use of potential, Magnetic field energy. Maxwell’s equations: Large-scale and differential forms of Maxwell’s equations, Examples of use of Maxwell’s equations. Plane-wave propagation and reflection: Plane-wave propagation, Plane waves normally incident on discontinuities, Plane waves obliquely. Two and three ways boundry values problems.

Recommended Books: 1. William Hayt and John A. Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetics,” Eighth Edition, 2017, McGraw-Hill. 2. Sadiku, Matthew N, “Elements of Electromagnetics,” Second Edition, 1994, Oxford University Press. 3. Simon Ramo, John R. Whinnery, “Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Course Title: Communications Systems Credit Hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Signals and Systems

Course Objective: This course is structured as a senior-level course emphasizing fundamental communication principles and application of these principles to contemporary analogue and digital communication systems.

Course Outline: Introduction to communication systems: Fundamental terms and definitions, information, message signal, analog and digital signals, Elements of communication systems (, Channel, Receiver), performance measure and design tradeoffs, signal transmission through a linear system and signal over communication channel. : and demodulation, carrier acquisition, angle modulation schemes, concept of instantaneous frequency, generation of modulated signals, spectral analysis of angle modulation schemes, demodulation of angle modulation. Baseband Modulation: Binary pulse modulation, M-arypulse modulation, 37 probability of error in M-ary pulse Modulation, pulse shaping, ISI, signal space. Band pass Digital Modulation: Amplitude modulation/detection of digital signals, phase modulation/detection of digital signals, probability of error for DPSK. Performance of communication systems in the presence of noise, review of random process and variables, statistical modeling of noise. Introduction to information theory.

Lab outline: Lab contents will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. B.P. Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 4th Edition, 2009, Oxford University Press. 2. L. W. Couch, “Digital & Analog Communication Systems”, 8th Edition. 2014, Prentice Hall 3. Rodger E. Ziemer and William H. Tranter, Principles of Communications; System Modulation and Noise, 7th Edition, 2007, Wiley. 4. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 3rd Edition,2015, John Wiley and Sons 5. Leon W. Couch II, Analog and Digital Communication Systems, 6th Edition, 2001, Prentice Hall.

Course Name: Digital Signal Processing Credit Hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Signals and Systems

Course Objectives: This course aims to develop mathematical and analytical skills necessary to analyze digital signals both in time and frequency domains.

Course Content: Overview of Discrete-time systems. Application of z-transform for analysis of Linear Shift Invariant systems, Circular Convolution, Discrete Fourier Transform, Fast Fourier Transform, Butterworth and Chebyshev approximation of analogue filters, Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters, Design of Digital filters

Lab outline: Lab contents will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. John G. Proakis and Dimitris K Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing- Principles, Algorithms and Applications”, 4th Edition, 2006, Prentice Hall. 2. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer, “Discrete-Time Signal Processing,” 3rd Edition, 2009, Prentice Hall 3. Richard Lyons, “Understanding Digital Signal Processing”, 3rd Edition, 2010, Prentice Hall. 38

Course Name: Embedded System Design Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Microprocessor and Microcontroller

Course Objectives: To address the trends and challenges in the design of embedded systems and teach chip technologies. To gain hands-on experience of design tools and implementation of embedded systems using various processors.

Course Contents: Trends and challenges in embedded system design, Advanced Microcontrollers including PIC and AVR microcontroller architecture and programming. Design and development of hardware and software for standalone embedded systems using digital signal processors/FPGAs Comparative analysis of various embedded systems for cost effective solutions.

Lab work: Lab work will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. Han-Way Huang, “PIC Microcontroller and Introduction to Software and Hardware Interfacing”, Delmar, 2004. 2. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Sarmad Naimi and Sepehr Naimi, “AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C”, Pearson, 2011. 3. P. Chu “FPGA Prototyping By Verilog Examples: Xilinx Spartan-3 Version”, Wiley, 2008. 4. Hamblen and Furmen, “Rapid Prototyping for Digital Systems” Springer, 2007.

Course Name: General-II

Credit Hours: 3 (3+0)

39 Seventh Semester

Course Name: VLSI Design Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: Digital logic design

Course Objectives: To give an introduction and understanding of concepts of the implementation of VLSI designs for digital systems. To develop the understanding of Transistor-Level Logic Design, CMOS Digital Chip Design and evaluation of Gate Functions and Timing Characteristics.

Course Content: Transistor topology, transistor equations, CMOS process steps, design rules for custom layout; CMOS logic design, complex gates, BiCMOS circuits, pseudo, NMOS, dynamic logic, dynamic cascaded logic, domino logic, 2 and 4 phase logic, pass transistor logic; control and timing, synchronous and asynchronous, self-timed system, multiphase clocks, examples of ALU, shifters and registers; layout, hand layout, graphical layout, low-level languages, design rule checking, placement of cells, of design, test pattern generation, high-level languages, structured design methodology for FLSI, hierarchical design techniques and examples. ultra-fast VLSI circuits and systems, and their design; digital and analog architectures, serial addition, bit- serial multipliers, systolic arrays, future processing, effect of scaling circuit dimensions, physical limits of device fabrication. Clocking and Timing Issues. Layout of digital circuits. HDL Programming in Verilog.

Recommended Books: 1. Digital Integrated Circuits 2nd Edition by Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikolic, Pearson; January 3, 2003. 2. CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuits and Systems Perspective 4th Edition, by Neil Weste, David Harris, Pearson; (March 11, 2010). 3. Zainalabedin Navabi, “Verilog Computer-Based Training Course,” 1st Edition, 2002, McGraw-Hill

Course Name: Data Communication and Networks Credit Hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Communication Systems

Course Objective: To apprehend basics of data communication and to identify applications of data/computer communication networks and understands the current state of the industry.

40 Course Content: Data Communications and Networking for Today's needs, Communications Model, Internet, Network Configuration, OSI Model, Protocol Architectures, TCP/IP operation, Network Edge‐Access Networks, Physical Media, Network Core, Packet Switching, Circuit Switching, Delay Loss and Throughput in Packet Switched Networks, Application Layer, Application Architectures, HTTP, File Transfer Protocol FTP, SMTP, DNS, Transport Layer, UDP, TCP, Flow control, Congestion Control, Retransmission and Recovery, Queuing, FIFO, Network Layer, Internetworking, Addressing, CIDR, Subnets, DHCP, IPv6, Data Link Layer, Error Detection and Correction Techniques, Multiple Access Links and Protocols, ARP,MPLS, Networking and applications, UDP and HTTP Streaming,

Voice‐over‐IP, RTP, SIP, Classes of Service, Diffserv

Lab outline: Lab contents will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. J. F. Kurose and K. W. Ross, “Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach”, 6th Edition, 2012, Pearson. 2. Douglas E. Comer, “Computer Networks and Internets”, 6th Edition, 2014, Addison-Wesley. 3. S. Tananbaum and D. J. Wetherall, “Computer Networks”, 5th Edition, 2010, Prentice Hall 4. Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking, 4th Edition,.2007, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 5. William Stallings, Data and Computer Communications, 8th Edition, 2007,. Prentice Hall.

Course Name: Elective-I Credit Hours: 3/4 (3+0/1)

Course Name: Elective-II Credit Hours: 3/4 (3+0/1)

Course Name: Research Project-I

41 Eighth Semester

Course Name: Microwave Electronics Credit hours: 4 (3+1) Prerequisites: Electromagnetic Theory

Course Objectives: To introduce the analysis and design of microwave passive and active components, devices and circuits.

Course Contents: RF and Microwave frequencies and technology, Passive microwave components: resistors, capacitors and inductors at RF and microwave frequencies; Transmission lines: coaxial lines, strip line, Slot line, coplanar line, and suspended-substrate strip line; Waveguides and its types (rectangular and circular etc.), Analysis and optimization of transmission lines: Impedance matching, Standing Wave Ratio (SWR), reflection loss, impedance matching on Smith chart, Passive microwave devices and circuits: directional couplers, isolators, circulators, resonant circuits, passive filter design, Active microwave components; Diodes, Transistor at RF frequencies, Small signal RF amplifier design, RF power amplifier, Quantum electron devices, microwave mixers and detectors, principle of .

Lab outline: Lab contents will be in accordance with the course outline.

Recommended Books: 1. Pozar M.D, “Microwave Engineering”, 4th edition, 2011. 2. Collin R. E., “Foundations for Microwave Engineering”, Wiley; 2nd edition. 3. Liao Y S., “Microwave Devices and Circuits”, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition. 4. Yeom K. W. , Microwave Circuit Design: A Practical Approach Using ADS, 1st Edition, Prentice Hall; 1 edition (June 1, 2015). 5. Vendelin G. D., Pavio A. M., Rohde U. L., “Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques”, Wiley-Interscience.

Course Name: Elective-III Credit Hours: 3 (3+0)

Course Name: Elective-IV Credit Hours: 3 (3+0)

Course Name: Research Project - II

42 SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR MS DEGREE

Masters (MS) degree in electronics is a two years’ full time degree. Minimum requirement for MS degree award is of 30 credit hours. MS program shall have course work of 24 credit hours and research work of 6 credit hours (spread over minimum of two semesters, excluding summer semester). If the research work is extended to more than two semesters the credit hours shall still be counted as 6 credit hours. Maximum duration of full time MS degree is 3 years.

Course work of 24 credits hours (8 courses of 3 credit hours each) shall be divided into two (6 credit hours) core course, and 18 credit hours of elective courses (6 courses, 4 to 6 courses from their area of specialization and may be 1 to 2 courses from any other area of specialization or one additional core course). The students may also register additional courses in addition to the above requirements as non-credit/audit courses.

Credit hours distribution: S. No Course Area Number of Credits hours Courses to be studied 1 Core Courses 2 to 4 6 to 12 2 Area of Specialization 4 to 6 12 to 18 3 From Other Specializations 0 to 2 0 to 6 Total 8 (courses) 24 (credit hours)

The core courses are designed with the view that the student should acquire a solid foundation in advance mathematical skills and physical principles. However, elective courses are designed to give an in-depth knowledge and skill in a particular research area to the student. It is advised that students should learn courses from related fields also to have a broader academic base. The universities can design more elective courses, according to the strength of their faculty, keeping in view the above guideline.

If there is some laboratory work required in any core or elective course, it may be treated as part of the course and no separate credits hours shall be assigned to it. The laboratory work can be graded as part of the course.

The graduate students should be allowed to register the research thesis only after they have cleared a minimum of 15 credit hours (including the two core courses).

43 Core Courses: 1. Mathematical Methods for scientists 2. Optimization Theory 3. Stochastic Processes 4. Linear System Theory

Course Name: Mathematical Methods for Scientists Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: None

Course Objectives: Review of the ordinary differential and difference equations and integration methods. Introduce nonlinear differential equations. Learn approximate techniques for solving differential equations and to learn advanced techniques of integration.

Course Contents: Solutions of linear and nonlinear differential equations and initial value and boundary value problems; Approximate solutions of differential equations; Exact and approximate solution of difference equations; Special Functions; Asymptotic expansion of integrals; Laplace’s Method and Watson’s Lemma for integrals; Methods of stationary phase; Method of steepest decent; Asymptotic evaluation of integrals.

Recommended Books: 1. Carl M. Bender and Steven A. Orszag, Mathematical Methods for Engineers and Scientists, 1978, McGraw-Hill. 2. George B. Arfken, Hans J. Weber, and Frank E. Harris, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 7th Edition, 2013, Academic Press.

Course Name: Optimization Theory Credit hours: 3(3+0) Prerequisites: Instructor consent

Course Objectives: The objective of this course is to make students acquire a systematic understanding of optimization techniques. The problem formulation and the solution approaches through linear optimization techniques is addressed. Student will be able to address a class of nonlinear optimization problems where the optimal solution is also globally optimal, i.e. convex nonlinear optimization and its variants.

Course Contents: Linear optimization, Nonlinear optimization, Linear programming, Introduction to convex sets, Geometry of linear programming and Duality theory, Variants of linear programming, Nonlinear programming, Convex optimization 44 problems, quadratic optimization, geometric optimization, geometric interpretation, optimality conditions. Dual decomposition, augmented Lagrangians and the method of multipliers, alternating direction method of multipliers, optimality conditions and stopping criterion.

Recommended Books: 1. Introduction to Linear Optimization by Dimitris Bertsimas & John N. Tsitsiklis, Athena Scientific 1997. 2. S. Boyd & L. Vandenberghe, Convex Optimization, 2004, Cambridge University Press. 3. Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice by, John Wiley & Sons 2009. 4. David G. Luenberger and Yinyu Ye, Linear and Nonlinear Programming, Fourth Edition, 2008, Springer Science

Course Name: Stochastic Processes Credit hours: 3(3+0) Prerequisites: Instructor consent

Course Objectives: To develop an ability to model dynamical processes with noise as stochastic processes, understanding of important qualitative characteristics of stochastic processes and improve skill to analyze some basic stochastic processes.

Course Contents: Introduction to sequence of random variables and multi-variable distributions; models of stochastic processes; stationary stochastic processes and their applications; Ergodicity; Markov processes, Markov chains, continuous Markov chains; renewal processes; Birth-death processes; time series applications in stochastic processes in filtering, reliability and forecasting, prediction and control

Recommended Books: 5. Roy D. Yates, David J. Goodman, “Probability and Stochastic Processes, A friendly Introduction for Electrical and Computer Engineers”, 1999, John Wiley & Sons. 6. Albert Leon-Garcia, “Probability and Random Processes for Electrical Engineering” 3rd Edition, 2008, Pearson

45 Course Name: Linear System Theory Credit hours: 3 (3+0) Prerequisites: Instructor consent

Course Objectives: This graduate level course focuses on linear system theory in time domain. The course introduces the fundamental mathematics of linear spaces, introduction to first-order and second –order models, conversion techniques from time domain to state-space models, linear operator theory and then proceeds with existence and uniqueness of solutions of differential equations

Course Contents: Linear algebra review, solutions of linear differential equations, state space representations, State transition matrix, time varying systems, time invarying systems, the fundamental matrix. Structural properties of linear systems, single input and single output system. Multi-input and multi-output system, controllability, observerability and stability, realizations and minimality. Synthesis of linear controllers, pole placement, state feedback, observer design. Linear Quadratic Regulator theory, introduction to robust control.

Recommended Books: 1. Joao P. Hespanha. “Linear System Theory”, Princeton University Press, 2009. 2. Wilson J. Rugh. “Linear System Theory”, 2nd dition, Prentice Hall, 1996 3. C.T. Chen. “ Linear and Design”. Oxford University Press, 4th Edition, 2012. 4. F. Callier and C. Desoer, Linear System Theory, Springer Verlag, 1991. 5. P. Antsaklis and A. Michel, “Linear Systems”, Birkhauser, 2005. 6. G. Strang, Linear Algebra and its Applications 4th edition, Brooks Cole, 2006.

46 MS Elective Courses

 Semiconductor Devices and Technology  Electromagnetic Field Theory  Modelling and Simulation of Semiconductor Devices  Microprocessor-Based System Design  Computer Architecture  Digital System Design  FPGA-Based System Design  Communication Systems  Digital Signal Processing  Design of Electronic Systems  Integrated Circuit Design  Digital Integrated Circuits for Communication  Optoelectronic Devices  Nanotechnology  Linear Integrated Circuits  Fiber Optics and Integrated Optics  Digital Control  Multi-rate Systems and Filter Banks  Power Electronic Devices  Bio-Electric Signal Analysis and Interpretation  Microelectronic Technology  Power Electronics  Digital Instrumentation Systems  Industrial Electronics  VLSI Design  FPGA-Based System Design  Digital Image Processing  Pattern Matching and Recognition  Digital Control Systems  Digital System Design  Embedded System Design

(All courses are of 3 Credit hours)

The list of elective courses given above is in no respect exhaustive, it is given here as a guideline. The universities can add more elective courses as per their faculty strength and academic procedures. However, the aim to give the graduate students a solid foundation in the chosen field should be kept in sight. Total Credit Hours = 30 (including 6 credit hours of thesis*). * The duration of the thesis should be at least two semesters.

47 Annexure I

STANDARDIZED FORMAT / SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR FOUR- YEAR INTEGRATED CURRICULA FOR BACHELOR DEGREE IN BASIC, SOCIAL, NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

STRUCTURE

No. of Credit Sr. Categories courses Hours Min – Max Min – Max 1. Compulsory Requirement (No Choice) 9 – 9 25 – 25 2. General Courses to be chosen from other 7 – 8 21 – 24 departments 3. Discipline Specific Foundation Courses 9 – 10 30 – 33 4. Major Courses including research project / 11 – 13 36 – 42 Internship 5. Electives within the major 4 – 4 12 – 12 Total 40 – 44 124 – 136

 Total numbers of Credit hours 124-136  Duration 4 years  Semester duration 16-18 weeks  Semesters 8  Course Load per Semester 15-18 Cr hr  Number of courses per semester 4-6 (not more than 3 lab/practical courses)

General Courses to be Compulsory Requirements Discipline Specific chosen from other (the student has no choice) Foundation Courses departments

9 courses 7-8 courses 9-10 courses 25 Credit hours 21-24 Cr. hours 30-33 Credit hours Subject Cr. Subject Cr. Subject Cr. hr hr hr 1. ENGLISH I 3 1. Physics I 4 1. Circuit Th I 4 2. ENGLISH II 3 2. Physics II 3 2. Solid S. E. 3 3 3 4 3. ENGLISH III 3. CVT 3. Basic Elec. 4. ENGLISH IV/ UNIV. 3 4. Linear Alg. 3 4 3 4. Circuit Th II 4 OPTIONAL * (G1) 5. Computer Pr. 3 5. DLD 4 5. PAKISTAN 6. Probability. 2 3 6. Signal & Sy. 4 STUDIES 7. General II 7. ECD 3 6. ISLAMIC STUDIES / 2 3 ETHICS 8. EMT 7. MATHEMATICS I 3 9. IC 8. MATHEMATICS II / 3 UNIV. OPTIONAL ** 9. INTRODUCTION TO 3 COMPUTER 9 Courses 25 7 Courses 22 9 Courses 33

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Major courses including research Elective Courses within the major project/internship 11-13 courses 4 courses 36-42 Credit hours 12 Credit Hours Subject Cr. hr Subject Cr hr 1. Micropr. 4 1. Elective I 3/4 2. Project I 3 2. Elective II 3/4 3. Project II 3 3. Elective III 3 4. IM 4 4. Elective IV 3 5. LCS 4 6. Comm. Sy 4 7. DSP 4 8. Emb. Sys 4 9. VLSI 3 10. Data Co 4 11. Micro El 4 11 Courses 41 4 Courses 12/14

* University has the option to recommend any other course in lieu of English IV. ** University may recommend any other course in lieu of Mathematics II.

49 MODEL SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR 4-YEAR INTEGRATED BS (HONS)

Semester/Year Name of Subject Credits First ENGLISH-I 3 ISLAMIC STUDIES / ETHICS 2 MATH/STAT-1 3 GENERAL-I 3 GENERAL-II 3 FOUNDATION-I 3 17 Second ENGLISH-II 3 PAKISTAN STUDIES 2 MATH/STAT-II / UNIV. OPTIONAL 3 GENERAL-III 3 GENERAL-IV 3 FOUNDATION-II 3-4 17-18 Third ENGLISH-III 3 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER 3 GENERAL-V 3 GENERAL-VI 3-4 FOUNDATION-III 3-4 15-17 Fourth ENGLISH-IV / UNIV. OPTIONAL 3 GENERAL-VII 3 GENERAL-VIII 3 FOUNDATION-IV 3-4 FOUNDATION-V 3-4 15-17 Fifth FOUNDATION-VI 3 FOUNDATION-VII 3 MAJOR-I 3 MAJOR-II 3-4 MAJOR-III 3-4 15-17 Sixth FOUNDATION-VIII 3 FOUNDATION-IX 3 MAJOR-IV 3 MAJOR-V 3-4 MAJOR-VI 3-4 15-17 Seventh MAJOR-VII 3-4 MAJOR-VIII 3-4 ELECTIVE-I 3 ELECTIVE-II 3

50 MAJOR-IX RESEARCH PROJ / 3 INTERNSHIP 15-17 Eight MAJOR-X RESEARCH PROJ / 3 INTERNSHIP MAJOR-XI 3-4 MAJOR-XII 3-4 ELECTIVE-III 3 ELECTIVE-IV 3 TOTAL – 124-136 15-17 * 4 Cr Hr must include Lab/Practicals

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