._Tan • , 1 ~,, 19'"'7 • re. arie Herrin, H stin",;A• cbr. D r r. Herrin: ft r c r ul y , a inin ncloq~i pencil rubbm or dr 1n ? ould o 1 this n ti 1n oo m , Y u will no t t c re 10 mil+ed edge v•hich see • · o 'be v~ry dis- tinct on the co m, Th~ ,h1nx, i,yra... ,i an othe:c yp ... 1 n h1eroglyph1ca ho · quit pln inly, rh Loh ·ould indlcat that this coin h, d not een ve:r:y Lon or rnugh u , Dever 1 very ano i nt coin h ve been foun in e v:l.o~nity of 'enc . nd it .,o.y be tho.t this 1 renum o l c oo tn nd r, find. till, it could be the wo:rlt o some .pi· c tic 1 joke:,:. thie coin, r--non on his
I , 1 v n you tl iPJ in or , tio and you can uae ny . rt of it if yc,u . 1 • to m k a ory. J\ccordin to oll o loulation the pen Lsh cal' van- p SFH~d cl o e to rha t i no H:is' in T b La eve t 1ey arn aed the ab io n r1,,er t h old rawna vi 11 a e . e r ted lou or aom who- 1n th t vicinity. I 111 1~ rp you p e t ed on anythin ht t I think ·ill '.'le of inter t to ~lle ublic nd xpect to have some nice .or i e :f<>r you thia
i comin · summer 1of finds in the Ho1,11bl1c n v lley: frorn d Cloud , eat, that ouP-ht to b of lnte_·,ot to your subrJcTi.ber 1n the ottern pat of ebraakn and 1 ~hr. You. very t uly,
ATH:GR ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA
SCHOOL OF AMERICAN RESEARCH MUSEUM OF NEW MEXICO
I
SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO,
May 28, 1925. Williams Photo Cpmpany, Hastings, Nebraska Gentlenen:- Thank you for the two photographs of the old mi dal which you sent us. I think there is very little question that it is one of those which were used by the Si:n·nisfu authorities in establishing relations ~ith the plains tribes.
I am sorry to say that our Museum has no similar e~ample, nor any d e se rd pt-Lon of such rre d al s , We do know, from the Spanish archives which we have here, that shortly before Pike vi~ited that region Lieut. ll~acuhdo Melgares w.i th a considerable force was sent out by the authorities of S nta Fe am to each of tlb.e tribes with whicfu they dealy presented a Spanish banner and a L medal. Cl:arles IV became king of Spain in 1788 and abdicated in 1808. The engraving on this JartiQular medal seems to be rather crude but appears not to be Navajo work. It is not impossi bJe that the work was done riglrut here in Santa Fe by some silversmith. The Franciscan Order had jurisdiction in New Mexico, not the Jesuits, but I think it more probable that the aivil-milita:ry authoritie , Qither here or farther south in New Spain-- Chi• huahua or even Me~ico city-- had these medals ma.de. 1 coin dated 1797 would probably not be in New Me::xico until so me time later. Old coinage (that prior to 1788) was being "z-e de emed" in New Spain during 1793-95. There is evidence in tl!n.e archives tm t it was Spanish policy to make "giftsn to the wild, or "Gen ti le n tribes during the 1atter part of the 18th century and early 19th, md from the date of this coin I think it pretty safe to consider that this is one of the medals p:rrnsented by Melgares in 1806. t.df think you have Pikers date wrong--he was in that country Ja. ter tihm Mel• gares in 1806 rather thoo in 1804.
Very truly yours, ~-(/~ w..ratlr of h:istory, Mus- eum of New 1v1e :xitt H. E.NEWBRANCH, EDITOR. W, R. WATSON, MANAGING EDITOR. OMAHA.NEB. Dec. 16, 1925 Mr. William Hill, Jones Auto Company Hastings, Neb. Dear Sir:. I have some pictures of coins, sent me by L. ID:Ilb. Broadstone of e Superior, which he said were dug up in Indian cemteries on your farm near Guide Rock and Hastings. The coins are apparently old Spanish coins. But I have no information about these relics or the Indian burying ground. I would be very much pleased if you could give me some material about these and other relics to be used in The Sunday3[Jfxn World-Herald magazine in connection with the pictures. Could you supply me with this? Sincerely II (J MSunda ('y edi""to r I World-Heri.!d ' Omaha J Araha olorgioa.l Institute of America · ohool ot .Am~rt, of Now lexioo , Sn; ta e,. elf e:xioo, ~y 38 •. l~HS. Than th t\ o photogr phB 01! t·he old me It • t ~! B~ RtOO, I Cur. tor of. Bi B ory * !l · of tre ? ico. ) I r' I I ..... . His ,o-r1 1 Sooit?ty of ?h w 4ex1 o, nta r. w ~xto. Attt>nt1on L-i oirw: B. Bloom, D1'ar St:r: I am enolo ing ch~ok for .3.00 o oov~r one . r's ubaoription to t· o tfow ,1::r:<1,,o HiJJtor.lenl Revi ✓• • I mn n.lao ':'.loloa1nr~ a phot◊ t tph of coin I d out of n. P ?llO•? Inttla.n g:rrive n.t !=led Cloud, tlebrtl.!3ka. Tb.1 , I n ·:'l1:;o , ia t 3~ nis dullp.· • It ig ""he aame size s o · l" U:n.tt11d $tn.t.. About a. yrtlt:t° • go I "und a Jp n uh medal a. t thi, OL'l. ·~ pl 04'). I 'b..,l16'vf3 M.r. 'Yilliu.m.;i, Q na.atil go, sett you photo of thi medal. l ttl o fc1nd a· lo ... of Spa.nioh otu :t' 'b ri d 1n those :tfl.vea d b ex e.va.t1:- g in the old hou a 1 tea hav , found dpa 1 ··b ll''..IU?'B ► b!'itil bi tG and other :rtiol ~ hio!l :r t.,.lnk • re o! Spa. 1~n i.'>:t:lt in. t,mr very tr ly, I TH- .. El Palacio Real - 1609 The Historical Society of Ne1-11 Hexico Founded 1859 i[arch 4., 1926. ~r. A. E. Sheldon., state Historical Society, tinco Ln , Nebr. ])ear Hr. Sheldon: I find that through my oversight an inquiry from you of last August has gone without repl:y. You asked me at that time for an account in any form of the expedition of Lieut. :F'acundo Ualgares in H106. I find, according. to the calendar in Twitchell1s "Spanish Archives", that _apparently the only iteas we have in this connection are numbers 1992, 2006, and 2002. One of these indicates that talgares•s report was forwarded to Chihuahua. I have not been able, because of pressure of work, to refer to the archives themselves, but if you will look at the description of these three papers and if you thinlc that the~ would be of any value to you, we can make photo• stat copies of them, although I rua afraid it wo~ld be late in April before I could do even this~ T hope you will pardon my oversight in this matter. We arep1:·c-~ ... " short handed and with the starting of our 11 ' new "R e v i··e w , ·-•~9 demands on our time have been greatly increased. Very truly yours, Lansing B. Bloom Secretary. ·' July 6t • 1926 • .. to~io l Aoo1 ty of • .x1oo, ,l o, T X • nt <>ni ntlom l: d . o n. int vi h t r. Fore h ci.tion. ry tr ly your• :o PAUL A, F. WALTER LANSING B, BLOOM PRESIDENT COR. SEC'Y• TREAS. THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF NEW MEXICO FOUNDED 1859 Sant a. Fe , N • Mex • , July 10, 1926. Mr. A.T. Hill, Hastings, Nebraska. My dear r. Hill:- I am sorry to say that we do not have in tha Santa Fe archives the information for which you ask. The ref- erenoe in Foreman, PIONEERt DAY is un1mportant--in fact, Mel- gares' name is misspelled five times. lf you have aooess to Twitchell, SR&NISH ARCHIVE OF N.M., you will find two references which relate to the campaign in question,- vol.II, items #11992 and 2022(1). The fonner is sm.f• ficiently described by Twitchell; the latter is one o'f a group of retain-drafts of commuhioations, Gov. Alencaster to the comandante general in Chihuahua--this one stating that he is transmitting the diary of Melgares, and that the force had returned without horses (deoavallada). e~hausted and some of them sick. There is no ref• erence to any map; the diary if still extant is doubtless in Chi• huahua City. I hope that sometime. we may get access to those archives and secure many record of value to New Me~ioo history. sincerel~ • If~ 1 WAR DEPARTMENT THE ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE IN REPLY REFER TOAG 421.7 (10-1-25) Ex WASHINGTON GOO 695 October 9, 1925. • Mr. J. S. Williams, c/o Williams Photo Co., · Hastings, Nebraska. Dear Sir: Reference is made to your letter of the 1st instant, with which you forwarded two photograph copies of medals, obtained by Mr. A. T. Hill., of your city, from the Pawnee Burial Grounds near Red Cloud, Nebraska, and in which letter you request information relative to the medals. From the photographs it appears that the medals are what are generally known as Indian Peace Medals. It is understood that the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., has made a study of those medals and I have accordingly transmitted your letter, with inclosures, to the Secretary of the institution, from whom you will doubtless receive a further reply in due course of time. Very truly yours, aj or General, Adjutant Genere.1. ~ • r '':i" • - t T : • H aa ' CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL OMAHA, NEBRASKA JOSEPH G. MASTERS, PRINCIPAL ,, July 7, 1928 Mr. A. T. Hill Hastings, Nebraska Dear Sir: On the 27th of this month, we expect to start on another exploration trip over the Old Oregon Trail. We shall try to find as many of its landmarks in the way of wagon ruts, crossings, sentinels, battle grounds, etc. as possible. We have been told that you have a Mr. Watkins in Hastings who might give us some material on the trail. We would 1ike, also, to get some photographs of some of the very wonde rf'u I things you have collected, and which are now in your museum. I suppose we shall reach Hastings about Saturday, the 28th, unless ·:re go via Jefferson County. In this case, we shall probab~y reach Ha.stings Sunday. yours, JGM:10 J. G. Masters, Principal July 9, l 2 a. r • • in n · rt ly, CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL OMAHA, NEBRASKA JOSEPH G. MASTERS, PRINCIPAL September 5, 1929 Mr. A. T. Hill Ha.stings, Nebraska. Dear Mr. Hill: In connection with the School N.a.ster's Club a.t Kearney, Nebraska., on September 28, we a.re planning a rousing meeting on t.he Old Oregon Trail. This will be a noon meeting and will take the nature of a conference, with stories and a study of plans for the Trail. I am writing you this with the hope that you are going to be present and sit ith us. yours, J~.G. Masters, principal ' JGM: ,JER ) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma January 15, 1926 lfr •• T. Hill Hastings, Febraska Dear Sir.: Yhile visiting some of my Pawnee Indian friends during holidays I saw some of your photographic work. T am writing the history of this interesting people and would be glad if you could furnish me with some photos that wou l.d be suitable for cuts. Could you provide me with a good photo of one of their old mud huts? I know it has been a good many years since the last one crumbled down but I believe there are some negatives yet in existance. If you have negatives that run back that far there may be one of a Pawnee village. If you have any of the old chiefs who are prominent in Pawnee history such as Petalesharro, JiTa, Laigne or Peskelachaco I could use them. I would like a copy each of fu. 6, Riding In,pointing the way at the site of the Battle of 'fassacre Canyon, and of Hisson. ~hese were taken a year ago.last summer. Also please send me one of the enlarged pictures of No. 6, Riding In. Send itemized statement and remittance will be forth coming. If you have a number of pictures that you think would interest me send a description and I will order from it. Yours truly • }foore North Olie Jn.1~, 1926. r. ,ly • 00 o, 0 1 om 1 • l . I nolo 1c of idin n o of ce the I If m.nt1.on_d, ov, t e ow nd I you. y V , • uly, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma February 25, 1926 llfr. A. 'l'. xn.i 3rd St. & Lincoln Ave. Hastings, Nebraska Dear Mr. Hill Your letter of Feb. 22 reached me today. 'l'he enlarged picture of Riding In came yesterday. I want to thank you very much for these valuable pictures and also for the information you have given me. I had intended to pay you for the photos and would be giliad to do so but since you are giving them to me I can only hope to return the favor at a later date. I have been three years in search of material on the history of the Pawnees. In the first place I secured through my librarian a bibliography from the library of Congress. A few of these books I have been unable to find but I have found a large number of writings which deal with the Pawnees and which the library of Congress did not mention. I have read from about sixty authorities and in some cases from several writings from the same authority. Altogether I have read nearly two hundred writings. Some are short and some are long. After looking over my notes for Petalesharu, or as you spell his name, Petah La Shaura, I found that I had read that identical page and had taken good notes on it. l shall use the photos as cuts and I think they will make very good ones. As for the camp,or rather village, of the Kitkehahki visited by Lieutenant Pike, I am aware that there is same controversy as to its location. The Kansas State Historical Society has placed a monument on the place which they think to be the site. Historical authorities in Nebraska believe the place to be within their state. I am somewhat anxious to get positive proof of its exact location. Your excavations are very interesting. I would like to have been with you. I have done some archeological excava• tions with the OklahomaHistorical Society but not in Pawnee ruins. I should like to work at it some more but during my vacations I find myself unable to finance an enterprise of that kind and at the same time keep up my family. You perhaps know that few school teachers are rich. There are millions of mounds in the eastern part of Oklahoma which would yield a great deal of information about the Pawnees on their movement northward. Last summer I worked with the Historical Society without remuneration, but that or~anization is not sufficiently aided by state ap~ropriations to do the excavating that many of us members would like to do. We delved into a culture of cave dwellers and learned a quite a great deal concerning them but they were not Caddoan. I discussed my work with Mr. Harlow of the Harlow Publishing Company here in Oklahoma City and he refuses to have anything to do with it. He argues that anything concerning the Indians is dead; that they have played no part in the making of our civilization; that they were in our way and we brushed them aside and that the remnants of that people will soon amalgamate with the white people and we will not care for their history. I will have to take it up with some other company. But before I can do that I must complete its revision. My _work is well footnoted with citations to the various authors from which I received my information. I intend also to index it that it will be of more value to the student. Mr. J.B. Thoburn of the Oklahoma Historical Society has promised to write an introduction for me. Again I want·to thank you for all the help you have given meo Yours truly, r. Guy H, oo e, 2311 ~ rth 11 · , ft., • ors: n1 y, ' kla. able nd TH:R ~ · $~· t. l,, l · • 5 • r. Ohtrl Bettl"t\~d Sahu e~, Rad Ol!)tlci• i,b:r. D, · t'. Se"'ul ~ ?' i ccupln of' y ur t -nd . Vi , .. u 1nd1ou. ,mi doa1r to C " Vill ., ·vh ' . thet-e do1n .. It 1 o~ 1ntGht1o o k ~ay. 8 pt&mb~r St, nnd w e yo nd th~ ot to oy, co, d ,m. to h you ho. . 1. ca YoUl'S V 1!y t:rul., • f Y E O L. D E C U R IO S IT Y ROOM C. B. SCHULTZ-CURATOR RED CLOUD, NEBR, ~r • n. 1 • • ,1~ u" t :;, .. ( O'lf., '>:t. ;: )' 1,' • 1 ld El J, .. . REX THEATER Clay Center, Kansas . Floyd Schultz, Prop. and Manager June, 24, 1~26 Mr. A.T. Hill, Hastine;s, Nebraska. My dear Sir:- . I am rather late in answering your letter of June, lO;but I have waited until I could obtain a Clay Center,Times, which contained the story that the 5~~~ used a portion of in the article you refBred to. I am enclosing a clipning from the Times which i~ a copy oj a paper I read before a club rif women, the story fs coloeed somewhat in order to give it a little interest for the parties before whom it was read. I would be pleased to look over, with you, the village site on the Solorron, which you mentioned in your letter. Does this village site contain lodge rings? What surface indications did the Pawnee burials that you explored on your farm have? Were they single or communial burials'? If they were single buria.ls, what direction did t~ey face? Whet was the topography of their location? How many lodge rings can you distinguist on the village site that the· Nebraska HistoricRi society contend to be the village that Lt. Pike visited? If you have any newspaper cllipings or papers describine the village site and burials that you have explored, I would be pleased to see them, and I assure you that they will be returned. Yours very truly, ,_,__ 7HE 'ID.TES. CLA i CE~ lmur:ms INDIAN HISTORY, been - 'ortginated for these occasions. Wh t F . During the dance, the medicine men T a loyd Schul~z Has _D~scovered giving their cantilatlon and gro- ff About. County s. Aborigines. tesque movements, are tossing stones . Below is the . paper which Floyd upon the skelta remains that they :;I Schultz read before the Helianthus previously placed upon the fire. This :; Club at their recent "Indian" meeting. dancing, intermingled with feasting, I have always been interested in wailing of the women and the fanat• te ff anything that pertained to the Amer- ical movements of the medicine men ican Indian, and at present that or an will last day and night until the par• archaeological nature found in Clay ticipants become more or less ex• county and vicinity. hausted. After the fire has died out, I lived in this county several years the stones cooled, the pit is then with the Impression that villages and filled with the remains of the pyre. burial sites did not exist in this lo- If we could only witness the con• I cality, struction of this mound and the ac• The accidental discovery of two companying ceremonial, I am sure burials, one on the Louis Dittmar that we would see a very interesting -I farm and the other on· the Country and wierd sight. Club site, aroused my interest and This is my idea of the construe• during the last two years I have tion and the following ceremonial of I walked mi-Jes over the county search- this type of mound. The mound prop• o.. 97 ing for mounds and village sites. er was about 24 feet in diameter and .J 8 I I will use the term mound to cover with an average depth or 24 inches. 5.00 any place that contains skelta re- The only indication of the location mains of the Indian. was the exposed surface df a few e.40 I Before describing any of these stones. - Near the surface and mixed mounds, I wish to say a few words in With stones were a great many brok• 1.62 regard to the religion of the Plains en and burnt pieces of skull and bones .00 'I'ribes. as it was the Indian's religion, and mixed with these were several I or . then· belief in the mysterious broken pieces of bone, hair orna• .17 which 1s the borigines religion that ments, also scattering mussel shell governed the location, construction beads. There was a large amount ~ and contents of these burial mounds broken and burnt bone mixed with as we now find them. rock and dirt throughout the mound, The Plains tribes who inhabited this in fatt I took over two bushel of this .00 section of the country, believed in material from this mound. Several 00 two mvsterious beings, which may be small arrow heads, pieces of broken ,,.oo termed spirits or gods; one was the pottery and mussell shell were found 65 good spirit; the other the evit one. mixed with the stones and dirt around . The good spirit, the Indian consid- the outer edges of the mound. A strip 00 ered neutral, but the Evil spirit was at the north end contained several ,~ 52 the one whose favor he must gain in hundred bone beads made from ani• order to have the advantage of his mal and bird bones. A large portion enemy, or that his undertakings o_f the stones had been in contact with l would be successful. So he was al- -fire. The contents of this mound wa~s holding ceremonies or as the showed. the following: That first an " Indian expressed it, making medicine excavation had been made, the stone to please the evil one and gain hi~ was fired outside of the pit, the skel• support. The outcome of his endeav- ta remains and personal artifacts = I ors decided whether it was good or were broken up and burned on or • • bad medicine. near the fired stones; and last the artfia I wish to state that it was Sitting P(t was refilled with the excavated ~dies. Bull's medicine that had as much to dirt, stones and the remains of the · vis• do with the outcome of the battle of pyre .. This goes to show that mounds Je,s- the Little Big Horn; as it was Chief ?f this type are constructed primar- , M er_ _ 1 Gall's generalship against that of 1ly for ceremonial purposes. Su Custer's. Occasionally a burial will be lo- wil I have mentioned the Indians re- cated where the seletons will be more ligion and the making of medicine or Iess intact and laid full length. I as the holding of ceremonials wer~ uncovered four of these burials on _ t~e chief outstanding factors in the the Rober~ You:1kin far1:1. They were ues I lite of the aborigines and consider- on a straight Iine run1;1-mg northwest able time was consumed in feasts and and southeast, all Iacing the north• dances, which constituted the major west. All of them had the skulls vis part of a ceremonial. crushe.d by stones. Two of these -daJ As my paper is on the burial skeletons had several thousand mus- ! mounds of Clay county I consider s~ll shell beads on them, and with is that the Indian's ·desire for rites anrl another were several large beads ceremonies are the base for their made from th? center column of construction and contents. conch she)ls, winch goes to show that ho vis- The mounds that I have examined ;hese I1;1d1ans were in contact with I cl I are all, with the exception o[ three those ot the gulf ~oast by trade and _ . pre-historic. By pre-historic I meai{ barter. A burial similar to these four Jo i~:1 1 before the Indian had come in con, was uncovered on the Howard Hart- I d I tact with the whit.es. They were left zell farm. These burials, placed on I fat. by the Pawnees, who inhabited this ~ . northwest and southeast line, fac- 'I'h section and the Republican countr~ 1~g the nort~west might be a coin- f~rther west. The usual mode for the cident, or a tnb_al custom. _ I t? the different plains tribes to dispose of _I have exammed tw~ bunals, that tin help- Qieir dead was to make what is might be termed ossuanes. They are ously : te"l;Jed a scaffol burial. The "body ~ocated on the . Dan Younkin ranch I to was wrapped in robes and placed on Just across +tl~e Iine in nort~ern Geary M1 scaffold constructed of four upright county, contained the remams of what pole~ supr0rtirJ._e 1 ;Jlatform, i;,ix" or ~ould_ €as~;y be ide:1tifi:d as. seven• l'locrc feet :1:::0,;2 the ground. er .. · 2 • Pc,;,i rncJ,_v,l"~ls, buned 1>:: a pit eight da.,-!.'l•j p!a tform placed in the fork of a tree. tee;. lil U1<.1.1. _Jt1 aw., , ,,-t,-., . ;A ';-:c:. - ~ ::.\frs. ~ _was customary to gather what deep, a_ll n the skulls were crushed i-,;mamed of these scaffold burials af- by havmg stones tossed upon them. r 100 ter a lapse of a .year or more of time The ot~er 0'.3suary ad}oined the nqrth kunk an~ deposit them ii\ the mounds edge _of the ceremo~ial mound I J'.1-st d it which I wil1 endeavor to describe. described and co~ta1~~d the remams next The aborigines of this locality as of ~t least. forty md1v1duals, also all they a rule selected the crown of the most havmg slrn1ls crushed. ¥rominent hills that had a command- To dat~ I ~ave lqcated three 1:mrials ily awed mg view of the river and creek val- of the h1sto_nc penod, that _penod af- Mr Roy leys for the location of their mounds ter the Indians had come m contact ter . These mounds are of several type~ with the whites; _all ?f the?e are lo- Ali 1sfor. of construction; some of them are cated near a preh1stonc bunal on the bir ankle built up of loose rock covering a sur- Howard Hartzell farm. On one of face of fifteen or twentv-five feet in these. that of a small child, was an I . IY hat I diameter and 15 to 30 • inches high; old-fas_hion~d g)as~ bottle wi~h the gtri r :f ~er othe_rs a:·e constructed by excaYating follow1~g mscn~t10,n blown m the pam- _a pit ,nth an average depth of 24 gl_ass, By t~e ~mg s _Patent, Es~ence b1 mches from 12 to 18 feet in dia- of Peppermmt. · This bottle 1s at _ gram meter, covered with an 8 or 13 inch least. seventy-five years old. I have l M1 onday layer of rock; weighing from a fe-r; ~xammed_ twenty-twq mounds cover- J\1 Ev- pounds to over a hundred pounds mg a ter~·1tory extendmg ~ro111: Brough• =. each, and a large number of them ton to Just_ across the lme 111 Geary quite show that they have been in contact county. Eighteen of these mounds on be with fire. are located on the range of hills bor• j The contents of these mounds are derin? Ti~ber Creek and Republi• [arold not what is the popular belief that can nver, m the extreme southeastern home t~e family treasury chest is buried I part of Clay. county, and covering. an l with the dead; but they generally con• az:ea four miles long by three miles tor in tain only a few artifacts such as a wide. Th6 number of burials in this few arrow heads, beads etc., scattered vicinity denotes that this section at with small pieces of broken bone and one tim,e had quite an Indian popula• /ream j sk_ull, with rock and dirt throughout tion, or for some _unknow~ reason_ t we I this mound .. The number of broken wa~. a favored location to dispose of nker- I and burnt pieces of skelta remains then dead. found in these mounds will fill a In conclusion, I will mention some quart to a bushel measure or more of the things that are more or less ~ and will represent from a few to forty characteristic with most of the (XX%) I or more individuals, ranging in age mounds that I have examined: an un• H from children a few weeks old to ad- necessary large amount of stone used ~ vanced age adults. In giving :i. descrip- in the cairn, or to cover the burial H tion of the construction and contents pit, in relation to the amount of skel• H of one of the larger mounds that I ex- ta remains deposited in same; in the t: amined, which is located in the mounds that extended below the sur• H Southeastern part of Clay county, on :fiatce, ·a large amount of the rocks used t: a hi~h hill with a commanding view had been i_n. contact with fire; there H of tIIDber ?reek around Republican was no defl~te ~ystem of placing the H valley, I will try to convey to you skelta remams 111 the mound, but it t: some kind of a picture which trans, w_as b. roken up., more or less burnt w_ s ired at this s ot a f w hundre and scattered throughout the mound· le good spurt, .00 ered neutral, but the Evil spirit was/ at the north end contained several ,_ 52 the one whose raver he must gain in hundred bone beads made from ant• order to have the advantage of his ma! and bird bones. A large portion ,.17 enemy, or that his undertakings o_f the stones had been in contact with l would be successful. So he was al- -fare. The contents of this mound · wa~s holding ceremonies or as the showed. the following: That first an ~ r. Indian expressed it, making medicine, excav~tion had been made, the stone to please the evil one and gain his was fired outside of the pit, the skel• support. The outcome of his endeav- ta remains and personal artifacts ors decided whether it was good or were broken up and burned on or - • bad medicine. near the fired stones; and last the I wish to state that it was Sitting P!t was refilled with the. excavated 1 ---; Bull's medicine that had as much to dirt, stones and the remains of the do with the outcome of the battle of pyre .. This goes to show that mounds the Little Big Horn; as it was Chief ?f this type ar? constructed primar- M Gall's generalship against that of Ily for ceremonial purposes. Sm Custer's, Occasionally a burial will be lo- wil I have mentioned the Indians re• cated wl:iere the selet_ons will be more 'ii ligion and the making of medicine or less mtact and laid full length. I rov as the holding of ceremonials wer~ uncovered four ~f these burials on she the chief outstanding factors in the the Rober~ You:3-km farI;J. They were . J\, life of the aborigines and consider- on a straight. !me runl?-mg northwest m~ able time was consumed in feasts and and southeast, all facmg the north- . 1 dances, which constituted the major west. All of them had the skulls vis part of a ceremonial crushed by stones. Two of these da; 'cuss I As my paper is · on the burial skeletons had several thousand m;is• . i . . mounds of Clay county I con . • sell shell beads on them, and with is ·tmo- I . ' siu1 ei ' th . . . . I I , b d " that the Indian's desire for rites and ano ei . "ere severa arge ea s 1 . . ceremonies are the base for their made Irom the center column of ch sited construction and contents. conch she)ls, which goes to show t~at h . The mounds that 1 have . . d these Indians were in contact with I cl vis- I are all, with th-e exception ~~a~~:e those of the gulf ~o~st by trade and T _ pre-histortc. By pre-historic I meai{ barter. A burial similar to these four I "o net I before the Indian had come in con- was uncovered on the_ Howard Hart- , red tact with the whites. They were left zell farm. These burials, placed on I f~1 by the Pawnees, who inhabited this ~ . northwest and sou~heast line, f~c- 'I h section and the Republican country i?g the _nort~west nught be a coin- f~rther west .. The usual mode for the c.dent, 01 a tnb_al custom. .· I t? , the 1 different plains tribes to dispose of _I have examined tw~ burials, that trn help-, u•.eir dead was to make what is might be termed ossuanes. They are msly [ te·-~1e d a scaffol burial. The body '.ocated. on the . DaJ?- Yo~nk1~ ranch to was wrapped in robes and placed on Just across t~e !me 111 n01t~ern Geary M1 1urs-1 ;1 sc_ affold constructed of four upright county, co~ta.med _the r_e:11a111s of what u -~Hs. poles ~u1,:·,..,rtin.g; c1. platform, six or ~ould_ eas~lt_ be 1de:1tif1~d as. se~en- E 'llncre feet :1!)0,;; u-.c ground. or , , ·, '.!.: :P"~ _md)_Vll~Js, buned 1':. a pit eight days'- pl;i,tform placed in the fork of a tree. LeeL ill Ul41. Jtl aliu L•'"""J , ;i,: ';"!.(::-. ;; ::\frs. • I<:! was customary to gather what deep, a:l r, the skulls were crushed I :M1 l f.-,mained of these scaffold burials af- by havmg stones tos_s~d upon them. r 100 t1er a lapse of a .year or more of time The ot~er ossuary ad_Jomed the no_rth I w kunk and deposit them in, the mounds edge _of the ceremo1'.ial mound I J~st theJ d it which I wil1 endeavor to describe. described and co1'.tai~~d the remams er next The aborigines of this locality as of ~t least. forty md1viduals, also all da they a rule selected the crown of the most havmg s!rn,ls crushed. . prominent hills that had a command- To dat~ I l:ave lo_cated three ~unals ily awed ing view of the river and creek val- of the h1sto_nc period, that _penod af• Mr Roy leys for the location of their mounds. te_r the Indi~?s had co_me 111 contact ter . These mounds are of several types with the ,vh1LeS; _all ?f the~e are lo- Ali isfor- of construction; some of them are cated near a prehistoric bunal on the bir :ankle built up of loose rock covering a sur- Howard Hartzell farm. _on one of face of fifteen or twenty-five feet in these. ~hat of a small ~h1ld, _was an tr !Y hat diameter and 15 to 30 inches high; old-fas_hi~n~d ~'.as~ botcle. w1!h the gir ;[ her others are constructed by excaYating followi~., msc111?tio,n blown 111 the bo pain- a pit with an average depth 01 24 gl_ass, By tl~e ~~mg s _Patent, Es~ence ; inches from 12 to 18 feet in dia- of Peppermmt: · This bottle 1s at l gram meter, coYered with an 8 or 12 inch least. seventy-five years old. I have M (lnday layer of rock; weighing from a fev. ~xammed_ t1,venty-two_ mounds cover- ::\I Ev- pounds to over a hundred pounds mg a ter~·1tory extendmg !rom_ Brough• =• each, and a large number of them ton to Just_ across the lme m Geary quite I show that they have been in contact county. Eighteen of these mounds bn be with fire. are located on the range of hills bor• ~ The contents of these mounds are derin? Ti~ber Creek and Republi• [arold not what is the popular belief, that can nver, m the extreme southe_astern home I the fami_ Iy treasury chest is buried 1· part of Clay. county, and covering. an I wi_th the dead; but they generally con- ai:ea four miles long by t_hree_ mil~s tor in tam only a few artifacts such as a wide. Th& number of burials m this few arrow heads, beads etc., scattered vicini~y denotes _that this . section at with small pieces of broken bone and one tm1e had qmte an Indian popula- >ream sk_ull, with rock and dirt throughout tion, or for some _unknow~ reason_ I t we j this mound. . The number of broken wa~. a faYored location to dispose or nker- I and burnt pieces of skelta remains . then dead. . . . found in these mounds will filJ a I In conclusion, I will mention some quart to a bushel measure or more of the things that are more or less ~ I and will represent from a few to forty characteristic with most of the or more individuals, ranging in age mounds that I have examined: an un• ~ from children a few weeks old to ad- necessary large amount of stone used vanced age adults. In giving ::t descrip- in the cairn, or to cover the burial ~ tion of the construction and contents pit, in relation to the amount of skel• M 'M of one of the larger mounds that I ex- ta remains deposited in same; in the M amined, which is located in the mounds that extended below the sur• M fiace, M Southeastern part of Clay county, on ·a large amount of the rocks used a high hill with a commanding view had been in contact with fire; there of timber creek around Republican was no definite system of placing the valley, I will try to convey to you skelta remains in the mound, but it aM some kind of a picture which trans, was broken up, more or less burnt M spired at this spot a few hundred and scattered throughout the mound; years ago during the erection of this there was no set form for the depos• a mound and the following ceremonial. it of personal artifacts, as what few Several days before the ceremonial are found are scattered, or in rare member'S of the tribe gathered up the cases deposited with oxide of iron s skelta remains -of their departed rel• paint, in a cache; small bird-point M atives from the different scaffold bur- arrowheads, potsherds and broken ials scattered over the surrounding mussell shells are found strewn ~8 .hills and valleys, and transported this among the rock and dirt through the M material to the spot selected for the mound, and these have the appear. ·~ ceremonial. ance of being deposited for ceremon• ,, H After this the women and c,hildren ial reasons; all skeletons or parts of M start to excavate the mound pit by same that are deposited in an ossu• M scraping out the dirt with sticks and ary, are thrown in the bottom of the ~ mussel shells. While this is in pro- pit promiscuously, and are more or ~ gress other women are carrying stones less broken up, with every skull ~ fro~ the exposed ledges along the hill i crushed. The outstanding feature of H while others _".1-"ith travois drawn by , the burials in this vicinity is: that dogs ~re dr:1;ggmg the.Jarger •st~nes to every sk.-Jl has been crushed by a ~ 1 t~ the site, w~ile some are searchmg the I stone after it was placed in the bur• nearby ravmes for fuel wood. ial, or they have been broken up In the meantime the young men of and more or less burnt before inte/ 8 the village are out in search of game ment. for the . coming . feast. After the From the features just mentioned, mound pit has been prepared, the I believe that most of the burial stone assembled and the necessary mounds that. I have examined were fuel wood gat~ered, the women start constructed primarily for ceremonial ~ the constructmn of the ceremonial purpose and secondary for the final pyre, b:l'. spreadmg. some of the exca- interment of the skelta remains, and vated dirt; over this a layer of stones it is by studying these mounds we are are sp_read, then the ~eading men of able to gai-q some knowledge of the the tnbe place the fire wood upon ! prehistoric Indian's ceremonials and stones, next the medicine men light his belief in that which he followed the wood and cast the skelta remains as his religion. upon the fire .. In the meantime the We have only two sources of ob• M women an~ children have formed a taining any knowledge of the aborig• IM H circle by sitting on the ground some ines and they are by studying the ar• M distance !rom the pyre, around which tifacts picked up on village sites and M ~he warriors and _young men are giv- the construction of the burial mound ~ mg the ceremonial dance that has with the contents found in same. l • d ., ., lY ' ' - I I ,_ . ' Jun 29 , 1926. •:r. Floyd, l ,chul tz, 01 y Ocntor, I on the din l 1ntere t1n• ce on the e ubl can your or1 1on of 1 111o.r1ty. omo. · t y q e t 1 on 01 t . t e ou i n • : bo ·n lo ed over for bout f1 fty yo• o nd lt1v tion 1nce ·that tiro • but there i a. con icerable th of thi v 11 o an from th top of t 11 hill, in ,e hon tne n:ound 1~ first plowed in the opring. • • ( /2 / ... 6. l !• \ '' . n --o • ("I y . r. • :D \ " ORDRE DE BON TEMPS" ( FONDE EN t 606) Montreal,' December 2nd 1929. Dear Mr.Hill, This will acknowledge with. thanks the receipt at your 1.etter November 21st, enclosing several pictures or Indian Peace Medals: that have been found in your locality. The story of the lri tish Medal, though the most common of that serie,' is not very cl.ear,-for instance; Betts,(American ;'olonia.l History Illustrated by Contemporary Medals), assiened this piece to 1764. In that year a large concours of Indians met at Niagara.and,' al.though no general. treaty of peace was entered into; treaties were signed vrith a number or tribes separatel.y, on.e or two of which. were vri th Canadian tribes. ~ancred, (Historical Record ot Medals} gives a descrip,cion. of this medal, stating that it was struck in different sizes', the largest having over 3. inches in. diameter, and th~ they sometime have been o,f f ered wi tr1 a cha~n for suspe1:sion. , _ _ . . Morin, v., (MedaJ.lles dacernees: aux Indi.ens) p. 303·, is of the opa m.on that it \'las distribu·ied to the Indian lhiet"stJ a:f'ter the negociation of the peace treaty· vri th Pontiac in 17i5. ·We read· i~ Parkman (History of the Conspiration of Pontiac) that on ,.Jul.y 23, 17ioG·, Si;r: Wil:tiam Johnson met. Pontiac and a great number of his chiefs at tsweeo, and eave them several. gifts"', amongst vrhich may possibly have been medals of the type found in your locality. Similar medals vd th the portrait of the King on one side sur• rounded with the inscription "Georeius III Dei Gratia" and the Ro.yal Arms on the reverse, -were a1so issued durine; the American Revolution. ~hey were in different sizes,·· some wer·e cast hollo,ll:,, and some dif f'ered in minor details,' vi~;·; number' and size of rivets on the front of the armor,' the position of the lion· and the unicorn on the royal arms.lll.e-se medals vrere distributed all througI1 the war ot the American.· Revolution.. A special distribution of these medals by Governor Frederick HaldimanJ took place at a general. council. held at Mo11trea1,1 Angust 17,;1 1778. It is general1y supposed that at the time the presentation took place in con• sideration or the assistance rendered to the lritish by these tribes in the campaigns in Kentucky and Illim.a>is and during the War- of the Revolu• tion. Gov. Haldiman -at sc gave a certificate with each medal.- conferred. Some of these meda.l.s and a cer·-tificate &Uf-'in the coll.action or the Vlisconsin · Ar·cheological Society Museum,1 Madison Wisc·. I will go again over this matter and will try to furnish you with more •1aborate details later- on. •:, , ·I As explained in my previous letter:,, we a.re working on a catalogue a1s~ a collection of medals issued in connection with Canada and for th.at reason. could you please ad~ise if you woul.d be interested in sellin& this set o! medals complete1or not,~ the lritish Medal only,, and it so at what price. Hopin~ to hear !rom you, Yours very trulyi~ ~~ No. 2.5i hristophe-lo:Lomb. Montreal .-Que". • " ORDRE DE BON '.lrEMlPS" (FONDE ~N IGOS) Montreal, Que., Uovember 18th 19Z~. Mr.A.T.Hill. Ilastings. Neb. Dear Sir, I understand that in May 1!25ia number of historical relics have been found as the result of excavations made on your farm. Among the !itids taken f'rora the graves-of Indian chiefs ar·e Indian Peace Medals. In order to help the •1rder o! Good heers", in our ca,talo& ot Indian Peace Meda.1.s,, couI.d you please advise th.e disposa.:t of those medal.s :fo-un.d · on your farm, and where photographs of same - showing obverses and reverses could-be 0btain for reproduction and record in our book. ±, r, Thanking you in anticipation, + Yours trulµa{~ Secretary. n RDER F GOOD· HEERS." Mo.GZ55 Christophe lolomb. - Montreal.Que~ overber· 21, 1929. r. Lionel A. L pointo, No. 6e5, Ohriatoph1 Colomb •• "ontr€ l, Que. ; /De r Sir: ,' ' ' i I Com lyin 1th Jour request of Novembe3: 1gth, I am sending you j und or seo .... a t'e co er· hoto o mec,als th~ t have been found 1n ,,/ thi~ loo lit:,. Suono e you ant as much information as kno; Rboui the ,J m al a. The Sp n1sh med l o Oh rles th !i'ourth 1797 of hich e a re / aend.i ng ·the obvPr. e an, reverse. 'rh. obverse of this me, al 1· exact .,1z , our. and one-1ourth 1nchei:;. t,hr~ photo of the r v ... r e 2i little la f"E' · • This mortal 1 G aolid silver b in., huil t •. r oun • ni h ctollo n 1 t 1 uppo se: h e b e. ·na, e in ~ nt e or !ei~co Oity for the Governor of P nta e to present to the ne ublic t>· wnee 1th a peace treaty. This me(1 1 e.a sent by the Governor · ·i th Li ut enr nt non · ounce a. ..Lp: res and six hundred npan1gh onlvary which left 3anta ·e June 15, 1806 and ar::-ived at the ?· rme e Tnd1a.u ,_ illnge on the Renu lie n Hiver n nr e Cloud, 1n eb ter County Nebraak on August of the me year. Thie 'mednl as durr, out o..: f• wne Indian's grave a1x m1lr-e e t of en Cloud, Nebr ska one-h lf mile cutn of l,h R publican River on al r ,e oomm nding hill vh re there re hundred of Pa nee gr ves. T e En 11 h medal s du1r out of u Pa. nee Indi• n• gr v on t it s s me htll. e have no idea how the a nees c . in 101 essicn of thi medal anr if you ooul~ give us any imlor ativn reg rd1ng hen th1 m r'al wa us ~d or _ny hi tory of 1 t, w ill be very much ple·. d to receive it. Thi medal i solid ilv·er nd ra 1 sed on both sides and very heavy , The photogra Jh 1 the exact e1se of the medal. The u. s. mecal of hioh e only sho t} rev~r.e ice we foun on thi. eame hill nd the photo i~ exact ize. Thi 1s only h lf of the med l as t 1e obv rr se .si "' tor•eth r by e1lver band. Thia p rt of the med 1 an the s i.Lve r b~nd were 1n the grav8, but the other p rt w snot. e think this med l, hen it waa complete, as presented to the Pawnee Indi ns by Lieuten nt Pike when he visited this vill g~ 1n l Ob. The photo of th me~ l containing th~ bugle nd the thirteen t~ r is of br as or bronze n stamped mrdal and 1 one- thirty- ovnd of n inch in tnickneas. Thi 1s an Americ n medal. Th1 is all of the mednle that ~ have found in this R~public n Powne burial grovnd in eb ter County Netr· ska, but eh ve found several Sprni h and American solrl1•~r• s buttons nd Spanieb coin • e re also inclosins hotograph of James d1son e~al w11ch , a found in a la nee gr ve on n iol·nd 1n the Platte River near Central 01 ty, Nebr ska. · This 1 l nd 1a c lled Pre.rte I 1 nd nd t • one of the ncient orehi 1:nv pl· ce s of t e P· wnee JncUans. All of th0ae eoala,with the ~xoept1on of the ,Ta ea ad i aon med l, are 1n my poae a~ion. / 1 rl e r1 thout / r nm to send th~ photographs tc, you ch .. r ge , thin' in t)OS ibly th t you oan , tve some hi,. tory of th~m. Th ... re i sever l / " I mor e Indian e<'I 1 s in thi country but I do not have pho to s of the 1. e will b le· , el'Y to give you .any further inform tion th t /' A ha~ reg r 1ng thR, med~l. Yours v.ry truly. AT : ~:9 ·\ I I V pt.• 13, 19c1. r. rie H rrin, H tin('!" • ebr. De • H rr1 c eon They L 1ntrusiv aho Ld ju " t , The e e, '12 - • r P-:rrin. V " tl' ' t • fr ··:-/ 1 . 4, 1926 • l'. • oore, 0 l 01 ty, 0 1 • D , \ l1t le extr • ,, • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma February 10, 1926 Mr. A. T. Hill Hastings, Uebraska Dear Sir: Vour letter of Feb. 4 reached me after some delay due to the fact that you omitted my street number. Please do not omit this on the pictures as I have had trouble before where the mail was returned to the sender. I am very mµch pleased at what you are doing for me and hope that the copies reach me in safety. Send me the bill. Yes, I am acquainted with Stacy Matlock. By the way he is the principal Chief now. Although I received very little information from }fr. Matlock he sent me to others who helped me a great deal. I learned of your pictures through i~r. Bowman whom I visited during my Christmas vacation • . As for my work I shall briefly outline it for you as follows: Chapter I. Linking up the tradition with the archeological excavations of the Oklahoma-Historical Society to prove that the Pawnees came originally from the spawning grounds of the American Indian, namely the southern part of J.fexico, Yucatan or Oentral America. Ch. II. Culture and Government which includes: Religion, The Human sacrifice of the Skidi, fedicine, The earth covered lodge, Secret societies, Dances, War parties, The buffalo hunt, Agriculture, Games, ]lfarriage, The feast, Tribal government. Ch. III. The beginning of the historic era and the coming of the Spaniards. This chapter carries them down to Villazur's expedition. Ch. IV. The Louisiana purchase, Explorers' contact with the Pawnees. Ch. V. Treaties with the Pawnees. Ch. VI. The establishment of the Presbyterian ]nssion. Cho VII. A decade of wars. 1852 to 1862. Ch. VIII. In the service of the United States. The first organization of scouts by Frank North. Ch. IX. The establishment of Government schools and improvements on the reservation. Ch. X. The last years in Nebraska. Vajor North's scouts on the U. P. Railroad, and several instances including the Battle of Massacre Canyon ending with the mistake in the survey of ~awnee territory. Ch. XI. Removal to Indian Territory. North:~.s visit to the reservation and the last work of the Pawnee scouts •. Ch. XII. Oklahoma. Improvements on the agency, :Mew missionaries, Land in severalty, The opening to white settlement, Statehood, Pawnee Boys in the World War, and the Pawnee today. Yours truly e::231/ b. 12, 1926. ,:. Guy • oore,, I 2311 1ort 011 ,trot. Okltili.o~ 1t, 0 1. D 1 : In rh I juttt rec 1v d loIW , e t ro t oy atlock, telling ma of th,1r 1011day .and p :rti • our a ory truly, AH- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma February 17, 1926 M:c A. T. Hill Hastings, Nebraska Dear Sir: Your letter of Feb. 12 and the photographs arrived yesterday. To say that I am grateful to you for the pictures and information would be putting it very mildly. I only hope that the opportunity will present itself when I may repay you. The photograph of the page on Pitalesharu was a surprise to me. I am glad to get Lt , Somehow I have not seen that identical page before. From what work is it taken? I should like to read the portion of the sketch which is not in the photo. Since the page leaves off in the middle of a sentence my curiosity is aroused to know the rest of the story. Of course I have it from other sources. fay I ask who is the author of this sketch? ir.y work would certainly not be complete without the Spanish Flag episode staged by Pike and Sharitarish, the Kitkehahki chief. I was aware that the historical societies of Kansas and Nebraska were in dispute as to which state contains the actual Kitkehahki village. I should like to know more about your archeological research. No doubt you are able to get more from Stacey ~atlock than I am. The only thing he would do for me was to send me to Adolphus Carrion who gave me some good information but perhaps not of the same character as he could have told himself. But there is a reason: I have never offered him any gifts as yet. Yours truly, ~~~- 2311 North Olie St. Ba.stings., lt~bra.uka., Jun ,:$. 1935. B.Gv. lf. A. Shin , · St, C. t.e:r:1ru,t 8ospit 1, 0 ma.ht ,. br. Dea.1" n.t er Shin : - Y¢u my not .rem nib()r me by name. I l!i. s " i,rnw ' OOi.1$1 . and wn sttnogrpi,h '.f- · t St. t,. ~'in • $ Hosp 1 bl- 1,hen you ~re t <,i-e abo t ur re ago. I s 'Very aorry to heu.r so e ti ago that you were baok 1ti e hoap1 .1 a.nd ninott_:tely ho >e that by th1 time your h 1th bu.. improvod. . You •111 ree·i.11 ving ·met r, A. ,tr. Bill at a me_et1ng__ of t Stat" !iisto,:1¢nl Soolety in Lincoln. la t J~ry. l am employed by the A. a. Jonoe Oo~ n.y, f ht b r, Hill ia V1o .. X'tJ id nt, hox-t tune ago Mr .. Hill 4 g fro ~an I d1:m rave on t top or· A hill-in W b r County, Ife a ko., ove:rl.oo' 1nft w t he t>e11Mres 1 a the original Pi e '?~ $$ V"illage, ;i. B11V~t medal., phO'tagfflJ)ba ot uh Loh I a.m enolosing • Bhott1ng 'bot~ tJides of ~he dal. He hti-t li,ft on hi VU.()O. t1c>n and &llkO / . · Wi'tb beet 1i>iahe.a, .a,nd. trii +1n~ you.r stay in th$ hoapi tal , ill not . btt o lQng th1 time, l am, ... / Do. 17, 1925. x. H. o. ~1o•eon· Sunday f.ditor, orld er ld, Omah , N l>r. · / Dear· ir: 1 Complying 1th your request of the 16th• I am eending you photogr pho of the e oe·medala d 001ne whioh I h :(re dug out ot Indi n gravo on my f rm ix mile , ea.at of 8.ed Qloud on. the outb aide of the Republican · 1ver. · Photo Ho. l i a ilver 8pani hp o dal whioh I found on y 25· 1925, 1n a gr ve with a very larg skeleton. It a urc. inohes in d1amot ~. W1th th1 skeleton we.a a $mall oode.n box cont inin p oe& of !\and• arv- Spanish leather and a 8p~i1sb spu~. On the left r1 t wao a he YY, lather ~1 tl t oo~ered 1th thin layer of ah ot 1lver. Th re so small quantity of be~dQ. . 1 me wa r :pped 1n a cloth with lal.'g ronie buckl. Photo o. 2 is ot a1lver En~liah pea.oe medal, foun4 on July~, 19~,, d1 e~er; 1/ inches. Th1 me l wae wra. ped in cloth 1oh we.s au posed to ·oo 11 flag, In th1 grav t und n dult skeleton. B id at m l th r :ve oonta.1ncd four ls.r e olo.m shells on con a1ning pa.int , one full of . large, bl ok seed , one full ot water- wo pebbles• _thr of t 1em v ry fine axystal , and the oth r oon ined veral pi o of some ln of oot out two inohea lo~. The k laton • s wr pped in blanket of uf alo h ir o.t.oth. Atta.obec1 to t e med.al a s. cord br id d Buffalo air. - boto No. } 1 of' a w1lver American pe o medal., found on " u-> 1 3, 1925, 2 7 /S inohee in t11n.met r. Th1 a was dug tr a gr~ hioh oont_lned a a l ton of a person h m 1 6uld jud.g to be 'bout 15 y ·s ot ago. 1th th1 a o leo found a. ailver braoslet. iah bridle bit, s v ro.l p1eo o"f chipped :tli.nt • and about a p1nt- Joi amall be d • ( Photo Ho. 4 ia of broi1ze Ol'natn nt Jt 1nohee 1n d1 ter, hioh1 wns :roun~ in the grave of n dult. There •er two,of the orna.mentij d lot QI b0 d in this grave. Th body was appe in a l"Ush mat • 1 _,, 1z of u.· 1 :.; of T lo k, ik oint tone ort • " • V; y t Y. - I I • i.;., 19 • D a n 1 t • 2· • '7 •• - 0 •