Introduction to Free to Air Satellite (FTA)
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Handbookhandbook Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) Handbook
n International Telecommunication Union Mobile-satellite service (MSS) HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Handbook *00000* Edition 2002 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2002 ISBN 92-61-09951-3 Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Inquiries about radiocommunication matters Please contact: ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5800 Fax: +41 22 730 5785 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.itu.int/itu-r Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales and Marketing Division Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6141 English Telephone: +41 22 730 6142 French Telephone: +41 22 730 6143 Spanish Fax: +41 22 730 5194 Telex: 421 000 uit ch Telegram: ITU GENEVE E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 - iii - FOREWORD In today’s world, people have become increasingly mobile in both their work and play. -
Big Red Radio Telescope 12-Month Status Report
WKU Sisterhood Grant 110222: Big Red Radio Telescope 12-Month Status Report Steven Gibson, November 11, 2020 1. Overview and Goals The Big Red Radio Telescope project is converting an old 10-foot satellite TV dish and receiving system into a scientific instrument that WKU students and faculty will use to explore the “invisible” universe for education, research training, and public outreach. Goals of this effort include: 1. Foster significant collaboration between the WKU astronomy, physics, and engineering pro- grams in the design and construction of the radio telescope. 2. Give students in these programs hands-on experience in many aspects of a complex technical project, providing invaluable professional training. 3. Augment student education and career training in several areas, including direct and remote astronomical observations, classroom demonstrations using live and recorded telescope data, computer interfacing and control systems, mechanical engineering design and build experience, and complex project management, coordination, and communication. 4. Working with WKU’s Hardin Planetarium, enrich public education and outreach to school groups and the broader community by using the telescope and related concepts to demonstrate the “invisible universe” revealed by radio waves; WKU students involved in this effort will also gain science education experience. 5. Raise the public profile of the University, and support its mission as a student-focused uni- versity serving the region and providing exposure to science and critical thinking, while also strengthening ties with the local community. This project has been going since 2016 but, with the help of the WKU Sisterhood, it should soon see the full assembly and installation of a working radio telescope. -
Satellite Dish Addendum
SATELLITE DISH ADDENDUM Under the Federal Communications Commission order, Resident has a limited right to install a satellite dish or receiving antenna on the leased premises. Owner may impose reasonable conditions to installing such equipment. Number and Size: You may install only one satellite dish or receiving antenna on the premises. A satellite dish may not exceed one meter in diameter. An antenna may receive but not transmit signals. Location: Location of the satellite dish is limited to (a) inside Resident’s dwelling, or (b) in an area outside resident’s dwelling such as a balcony, patio yard, etc. of which Resident has exclusive use under Resident’s lease. Installation is not permitted on any parking area, roof, exterior wall, window, windowsill, fence, or common area, or in an area that other residents are allowed to use. A satellite dish or antenna may not protrude beyond the vertical and horizontal space that is leased to Resident for Resident’s exclusive use. Safety and Non-interference: The installation: Must comply with reasonable safety standards May not interfere with our cable, telephone, or electrical systems, or those of neighboring properties May not be connected to our telecommunications systems and May not be connected to our electrical system except by plugging into a 110-volt duplex receptacle. If the satellite dish or antenna is placed in a permitted outside area, it must be safely secured by one of two methods: Securely attaching it to a portable, heavy object such as a small slab of concrete or Clamping it to a part of the building’s exterior that lies within Resident’s leased premises; (such as a balcony or patio railing). -
Ead.Indb 1 2/8/2011 15:44:45 Ead.Indb 2 2/8/2011 15:44:46 Fredric M
EaD.indb 1 2/8/2011 15:44:45 EaD.indb 2 2/8/2011 15:44:46 Fredric M. Litto Marcos Formiga Organizadores ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE DIREITOS REPROGRÁFICOS São Paulo Brasil Argentina Colômbia Costa Rica Chile Espanha Guatemala México Peru Porto Rico Venezuela Litto_v2_pIII_IV.inddEaD.indb 3 1 02/04/20142/8/2011 14:38:33 15:44:46 © 2012 by Fredric Michael Litto e Marcos Formiga Todos os direitos reservados. Nenhuma parte desta publicação poderá ser reproduzida ou transmitida de qualquer modo ou por qualquer outro meio, eletrônico ou mecânico, incluindo fotocópia, gravação ou qualquer outro tipo de sistema de armazenamento e transmissão de informação, sem prévia autorização, por escrito, da Pearson Education do Brasil. Diretor editorial: Roger Trimer Gerente editorial: Sabrina Cairo Coordenadora de produção editorial: Thelma Babaoka Editor de desenvolvimento: Jean Xavier Preparação: Olivia Zambone Revisão: Carmen Teresa Simões da Costa Capa: Alexandre Mieda Projeto gráfico e diagramação: Figurativa Editorial MM Ltda.. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) (Câmara Brasileira do Livro, SP, Brasil) Educação a distância : o estado da arte, volume 2 / Fredric Michael Litto, Marcos Formiga (orgs.). -- 2. ed. -- São Paulo : Pearson Education do Brasil, 2012. vários autores. Bibliografia. ISBN 978-85-7605-883-0 1. Educação a distância - História I. Litto, Fredric Michael. II. Formiga, Marcos. 11-02298 CDD-371.309 Índice para catálogo sistemático: 1. Educação a distância : História 371.309 a 2011 12a reimpressãoreimpressão –– novembro -
Money for Nothing the Billion-Dollar Pirate Subscription IPTV Business
Money for Nothing The Billion-Dollar Pirate Subscription IPTV Business August 2020 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 The Troubling History of Television Piracy 4 The Pirate Subscription IPTV Ecosystem 6 The Profitability of Pirate Subscription IPTV Services 12 Splitting the Billion-Dollar Pie 14 Conclusion 23 Appendix: The Players Behind the PS IPTV Ecosystem 25 Table of Figures Figure 1 – Sample PS IPTV storefront, landing page 7 Figure 2 – Sample PS IPTV storefront, sales pitch 7 Figure 3 – Sample PS IPTV service, live TV 8 Figure 4 – Sample PS IPTV service, movies 8 Figure 5 – Sample PS IPTV Facebook advertisement 9 Figure 6 – PS IPTV Ecosystem 11 Figure 7 – Content theft 25 Figure 8 – Content distribution, subscription IPTV 26 Money for Nothing: The Billion-Dollar Pirate Subscription IPTV Business i Executive Summary onsumers have more high-quality entertainment to watch on their television sets, computers, tablets, and phones than ever before. But while consumers can select from an ever-growing Cvariety of legal services, illegal streaming services have emerged in their shadow, leveraging stolen content and off-the-shelf streaming technologies to deliver entertainment at a fraction of the cost of legitimate content providers. The most virulent and fast-growing illegal streaming enterprise is the pirate subscription Internet Protocol Television (PS IPTV) Service. This type of service mimics the practices of legitimate streaming services. It charges by the month or by the year – typically, about $10 - $15 per month. And for that low price, it provides the customer with thousands of channels of linear television from around the world, and often with tens of thousands of titles for video on demand, including movies still showing in theaters and every episode of entire TV series. -
Space Business Review International Mobile Telecommunications Services, Including Wimax
December 2007 - SPECIAL EDITION: THE TOP-10 SPACE BUSINESS STORIES OF 2007 - #1 - M&A Transactions Keep Pace #5 - 50th Anniversary of Sputnik Despite challenging credit markets, merger, As we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the acquisition and investment activity kept pace in satellite that introduced the “space age”, 2007. Abertis & Caisse des Dépôts et approximately 1,000 satellites now orbit the consignations purchase 32% (€1.07B) and Earth and the space business has grown to 25.5% (€862.7M) stakes, respectively, in more than $100 billion in annual revenues. Eutelsat (Jan.). GE Capital sells back its 19.5% #6 - Satellite Manufacturers Remain Busy interest in SES Global for €588 million in cash 18 commercial satellite orders announced in and assets including stakes in AsiaSat, Star 2007. Ball Aerospace & Technologies: One and Orbcomm (Feb.). JSAT & SKY WorldView-2. EADS Astrium: YahSat 1A Perfect Communications merge (March). BC and 1B, Arabsat 5A, BADR-5 (the foregoing Partners to acquire Intelsat Ltd. for $16.4 billion, in cooperation with Thales Alenia Space) including debt (June). Carlyle Group to acquire and Alphasat 1-XL. Israel Aerospace ARINC (July). Apax Partners France Industries: Amos-4. Lockheed Martin purchases Telenor Satellite Services for $400 Commercial Space Systems: JCSAT-12. million (Sept.). Loral Space & Orbital Sciences Corporation: Optus-D3, Communications and PSP Canada conclude AMC-5R. Space Systems/Loral: Nimiq 5, C$3.25 billion acquisition of Telesat Canada ProtoStar I, Intelsat 14, SIRIUS FM-6, Abertis to acquire 28.4% stake in Hispasat EchoStar XIV, NSS-12. Thales Alenia (Nov.). CIP Canada Investment, indirectly Space: THOR 6, Palapa-D. -
2010 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts
2010 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts May 2010 FAA Commercial Space Transportation (AST) and the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC) HQ-101151.INDD 2010 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts About the Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA/AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 49 United States Code, Subtitle IX, Chapter 701 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA/AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA/AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA/AST’s web site at http://ast.faa.gov. Cover: Art by John Sloan (2010) NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. • i • Federal Aviation Administration / Commercial Space Transportation Table of Contents Executive Summary . 1 Introduction . 4 About the CoMStAC GSo Forecast . .4 About the FAA NGSo Forecast . .4 ChAracteriStics oF the CommerCiAl Space transportAtioN MArket . .5 Demand ForecastS . .5 COMSTAC 2010 Commercial Geosynchronous Orbit (GSO) Launch Demand Forecast . 7 exeCutive Summary . .7 BackGround . .9 Forecast MethoDoloGy . .9 CoMStAC CommerCiAl GSo Launch Demand Forecast reSultS . -
Internet Freedom in Vladimir Putin's Russia: the Noose Tightens
Internet freedom in Vladimir Putin’s Russia: The noose tightens By Natalie Duffy January 2015 Key Points The Russian government is currently waging a campaign to gain complete control over the country’s access to, and activity on, the Internet. Putin’s measures particularly threaten grassroots antigovernment efforts and even propose a “kill switch” that would allow the government to shut down the Internet in Russia during government-defined disasters, including large-scale civil protests. Putin’s campaign of oppression, censorship, regulation, and intimidation over online speech threatens the freedom of the Internet around the world. Despite a long history of censoring traditional media, the Russian government under President Vladimir Putin for many years adopted a relatively liberal, hands-off approach to online speech and the Russian Internet. That began to change in early 2012, after online news sources and social media played a central role in efforts to organize protests following the parliamentary elections in December 2011. In this paper, I will detail the steps taken by the Russian government over the past three years to limit free speech online, prohibit the free flow of data, and undermine freedom of expression and information—the foundational values of the Internet. The legislation discussed in this paper allows the government to place offending websites on a blacklist, shut down major anti-Kremlin news sites for erroneous violations, require the storage of user data and the monitoring of anonymous online money transfers, place limitations on 1 bloggers and scan the network for sites containing specific keywords, prohibit the dissemination of material deemed “extremist,” require all user information be stored on data servers within Russian borders, restrict the use of public Wi-Fi, and explore the possibility of a kill-switch mechanism that would allow the Russian government to temporarily shut off the Internet. -
Spectrum and the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry Prepared by Strand Consulting on Behalf of the Satellite Industry Association1
Spectrum & the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry Spectrum and the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry Prepared by Strand Consulting on behalf of the Satellite Industry Association1 1 AT&T, a member of SIA, does not necessarily endorse all conclusions of this study. Page 1 of 75 Spectrum & the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ................................................................................................ 1 2. Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 4 2.1. What the satellite industry does for the U.S. today ............................................... 4 2.2. What the satellite industry offers going forward ................................................... 4 2.3. Innovation in the satellite industry ........................................................................ 5 3. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Overview .................................................................................................................. 7 3.2. Spectrum Basics ...................................................................................................... 8 3.3. Satellite Industry Segments .................................................................................... 9 3.3.1. Satellite Communications .............................................................................. -
Annual and Sustainability Report 2020 Content
BETTER CONNECTED LIVING ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2020 CONTENT OUR COMPANY Telia Company at a glance ...................................................... 4 2020 in brief ............................................................................ 6 Comments from the Chair ..................................................... 10 Comments from the CEO ...................................................... 12 Trends and strategy ............................................................... 14 DIRECTORS' REPORT Group development .............................................................. 20 Country development ........................................................... 38 Sustainability ........................................................................ 48 Risks and uncertainties ......................................................... 80 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate Governance Statement ......................................... 90 Board of Directors .............................................................. 104 Group Executive Management ............................................ 106 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Consolidated statements of comprehensive income ........... 108 Consolidated statements of financial position ..................... 109 Consolidated statements of cash flows ............................... 110 Consolidated statements of changes in equity .................... 111 Notes to consolidated financial statements ......................... 112 Parent company income statements ................................... -
Internet Service Provider Connections with Supports in Place Due to COVID-19
Internet Service Provider Connections with Supports in Place Due to COVID-19 Federal Communications Commission - Lifeline Support for Affordable Communications $9.25 discount on internet service through participating ISPs https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/lifeline-support-affordable-communications Lifeline typically provides up to a $9.25 monthly discount on service for eligible low-income subscribers. Subscribers may receive a Lifeline discount on either a wireline or a wireless service, but they may not receive a discount on both services at the same time. Lifeline also supports broadband Internet access service and broadband-voice bundles. FCC rules prohibit more than one Lifeline service per household. Comcast Xfinity - Internet Essentials program $9.95/mo. for up to 15 Mbps https://internetessentials.com/ In response to emergency measures associated with Coronavirus (COVID-19), Internet Essentials will increase speeds from 15/2 Mbps to 25/3 Mbps for all customers. This speed increase will happen automatically - no action is required by customers. In addition, new customers will receive two months of free service. Spectrum - Internet Assist Program $14.99/mo. for up to 30 Mbps https://www.spectrum.com/browse/content/spectrum-internet-assist.html One or more members of your household must be a recipient of one of the following assistance programs: National School Lunch Program (NSLP), Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) of the NSLP, Supplemental Security Income (for applicants age 65+ only) Programs that do not qualify for Spectrum Internet Assist: Social Security Disability (SSD), Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), and Social Security Retirement and Survivor Benefits are different from Supplemental Security Income and do NOT meet eligibility requirements. -
59864 Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 185/Wednesday, September 23
59864 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 185 / Wednesday, September 23, 2020 / Rules and Regulations FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS C. Congressional Review Act II. Report and Order COMMISSION 2. The Commission has determined, A. Allocating FTEs 47 CFR Part 1 and the Administrator of the Office of 5. In the FY 2020 NPRM, the Information and Regulatory Affairs, Commission proposed that non-auctions [MD Docket No. 20–105; FCC 20–120; FRS Office of Management and Budget, funded FTEs will be classified as direct 17050] concurs that these rules are non-major only if in one of the four core bureaus, under the Congressional Review Act, 5 i.e., in the Wireline Competition Assessment and Collection of U.S.C. 804(2). The Commission will Bureau, the Wireless Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2020 send a copy of this Report & Order to Telecommunications Bureau, the Media Congress and the Government Bureau, or the International Bureau. The AGENCY: Federal Communications indirect FTEs are from the following Commission. Accountability Office pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A). bureaus and offices: Enforcement ACTION: Final rule. Bureau, Consumer and Governmental 3. In this Report and Order, we adopt Affairs Bureau, Public Safety and SUMMARY: In this document, the a schedule to collect the $339,000,000 Homeland Security Bureau, Chairman Commission revises its Schedule of in congressionally required regulatory and Commissioners’ offices, Office of Regulatory Fees to recover an amount of fees for fiscal year (FY) 2020. The the Managing Director, Office of General $339,000,000 that Congress has required regulatory fees for all payors are due in Counsel, Office of the Inspector General, the Commission to collect for fiscal year September 2020.