Le Romantisme Dans La Littérature Française
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Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Heather Marlene Bennett University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Bennett, Heather Marlene, "Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 734. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Abstract The traumatic legacies of the Paris Commune and its harsh suppression in 1871 had a significant impact on the identities and voter outreach efforts of each of the chief political blocs of the 1870s. The political and cultural developments of this phenomenal decade, which is frequently mislabeled as calm and stable, established the Republic's longevity and set its character. Yet the Commune's legacies have never been comprehensively examined in a way that synthesizes their political and cultural effects. This dissertation offers a compelling perspective of the 1870s through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the influence of these legacies, using sources as diverse as parliamentary debates, visual media, and scribbled sedition on city walls, to explicate the decade's most important political and cultural moments, their origins, and their impact. -
Protectionism As Internationalist Liberalism Birth and Spread, 1789-1914
Protectionism as Internationalist Liberalism Birth and Spread, 1789-1914 David Todd Protectionism does not date from the 1930s; in fact it was invented in the nineteenth century by German, French and American theorists wary of British commercial power. The historian David Todd thinks that this genealogy – which is often ignored – reduces the taint of nationalism that can cling to the idea of protectionism. Since the acceleration of the economic and financial crisis in September 2008, a fear has been haunting the western political and media classes: the return of “protectionism.” From G7 summit to G20 summit, they reiterate that raising trade barriers turned the Crash of 1929 into a depression, and that to respond effectively to the crisis, we must first of all resist the “nationalist demon” of protectionism, which inevitably leads to the collapse of international trade and eventually to war. Argument by analogy has been a wonderful source of inspiration in the history of science, including in the human science of economics. It has been used by Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes as well as Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. In less skilful hands, analogy – especially historical analogy from a single example – is more often than not a facile shortcut inspired by laziness or intellectual dishonesty. A striking instance of this is the current hue and cry against the protectionist temptation, which draws on the 1929 example. The use of protectionism in the 1930s – promoted by Keynes himself,1 among others – was not the main cause of the Great Depression, which was triggered by financial speculation and made dramatic by the deflationary policies of Heinrich Brüning in Germany and Pierre Laval in France. -
Bourbon Restoration 1 Bourbon Restoration
Bourbon Restoration 1 Bourbon Restoration Royaume de France Kingdom of France 1814–1815 ← 1815–1830 → Flag Royal Coat of arms Anthem Le Retour des Princes Français à Paris "The return of the French Princes in Paris" The Kingdom of France in 1815. Capital Not specified Language(s) French [1] Religion Roman Catholicism Government Constitutional Monarchy King - 1814–1824 Louis XVIII - 1824–1830 Charles X President of the Council - 1815 Charles de Talleyrand-Périgord (first) - 1829–1830 Jules de Polignac (last) Bourbon Restoration 2 Legislature Parliament - Upper house Chamber of Peers - Lower house Chamber of Deputies History - Louis XVIII restored 6 April 1814 - Hundred Days 1815 - Second Restoration 1815 - France invades Spain 1823 - July Revolution July 1830 - Louis-Philippe I declared the King of the French 9 August 1830 Currency French Franc The Bourbon Restoration is the name given to the period following the successive events of the French Revolution (1789–1799), the end of the First French Republic (1792–1804), and then the forcible end of the First French Empire under Napoleon (1804-1814/1815) — when a coalition of European powers restored by arms the monarchy to the heirs of the House of Bourbon who once again became possessors of the Kingdom of France. The Bourbon restoration existed from (about) April 6th, 1814 until the popular uprisings of the July Revolution of 1830, excepting the interval of the "Hundred Days"[2] less than a full year into the restoration when the Bourbon monarchy again had made themselves so unpopular with the general population of France that the family had to once more flee Paris and France to Ghent ahead of exploding civil disorders and collapsing civil authority. -
United in Division: the Polarized Nation in Restoration France
United in Division: The Polarized French Nation, 1814-1830 Maximilian Paul Owre A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2008 Approved by: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Dr. Jay M. Smith Dr. Donald Reid Dr. Karen Hagemann Dr. Steven Vincent @2008 Maximilian Paul Owre ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii Abstract Maximilian Paul Owre: United in Division: The Polarized French Nation, 1814-1830 (Under the direction of Dr. Lloyd Kramer) This dissertation analyzes the political culture of the Bourbon Restoration (1814-1830), the first stable post-revolutionary, post-Napoleonic regime in France. It uses recent theoretical developments in cognitive linguistics and frame analysis to examine the impact of a polarized political conflict between liberals and ultraroyalists, the era’s two main factions, on French society. Drawing on published and archival sources such as formal political treatises, pamphlets, poems, popular songs, and state administrative and police records, this dissertation shows how polarized frames for understanding and participating in political life made the division between Left and Right a pervasive social metaphor. Each chapter outlines the frameworks that liberals and ultras used to understand the nation and conduct politics in a polarized public sphere. These ideas spread to diverse locations in France and among varied social classes, triggering further polarization in society. Specific case studies focus on events such as the expulsions of the Abbé Grégoire (1819) and Jacques-Antoine Manuel (1823) from the Chamber of Deputies and the 1823 military intervention in Spain to illustrate the political struggles that grew out of two mutually exclusive conceptions of the French nation. -
Balzac Retranslated
TranscUlturAl, vol. 12.1 (2020), 100-118. http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/TC Balzac Retranslated Marie-Christine Aubin York University Introduction Literary translation is tricky. Hardly ever do you hear a critic say the translation of a book is “good”. In the best of cases people pretend that, even though they have been reading a translation, they were in fact reading Balzac, or Dostoevsky, or any other author of universal renown. For those who are able to read the original text, the translation is more often than not rejected as “inaccurate,” “stylistically inadequate,” “loose,” “overly free,” “not doing justice to the original,” or simply “bad”. James Payn even claimed that Balzac “is not translatable, or when translated is not readable” (67). However rhetorical such a statement might be, there is no doubt that the task of the literary translator is challenging. In 1967, Fritz Senn rightfully remarked: “... the translator is in a much worse position than critics or commentators are. They can afford to be highly selective and parade their scraps of insight and erudition with an air of being at home equally well in any place of the book—but the translator cannot shirk a single issue” (176). Faced with such difficulties, whether stylistic or content- related, the translator has to make decisions. These may not please everyone, yet they are genuine literary interpretations of the source text. Thus Chan Leo Tak-Hung’s notion that literary translation criticism should “cease to consist of a cataloguing of mistakes and errors of various sorts” (17) and consider instead the translated text as a new text, is appealing. -
Pan-Latinism, French Intervention in México (1861-1867) and the Genesis of the Idea of Latin America” P
John Leddy Phelan “Pan-latinism, French intervention in México (1861-1867) and the genesis of the idea of Latin America” p. 279-298 Conciencia y autenticidad históricas Escritos en homenaje a Edmundo O' Gorman Juan Antonio Ortega y Medina (edición) México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas Facultad de Filosofía y Letras 1968 436 p. Figuras [Sin ISBN] Formato: PDF Publicado en línea: 23 de noviembre de 2018 Disponible en: http://www.historicas.unam.mx/publicaciones/publicadigital/libros/114/con ciencia_autenticidad.html D. R. © 2018, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. Se autoriza la reproducción sin fines lucrativos, siempre y cuando no se mutile o altere; se debe citar la fuente completa y su dirección electrónica. De otra forma, se requiere permiso previo por escrito de la institución. Dirección: Circuito Mtro. Mario de la Cueva s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510. Ciudad de México John Leddy Phelan * PAN-LATINISM, FRENCH INTERVENTION IN MEXICO (1861-1867) AND THE GENESIS OF THE IDEA OF LATIN AMERICA Nomenclature in the Americas has often reflected in a symbolic fashion sorne aspirations of European powers toward the New World. Las Indias, a popular designation in the sixteenth century, owes its birth to Columbus' dream of reaching Marco Polo's Asia. In the thought of the articulate Franciscan historian, Gerónimo de Mendieta, the other name for the lndies in the sixteenth century, el nuevo mundo, had rather precise connotations. For Mendieta and sorne of his fellowmissionaries, America was indeed a "new world" in which the Christianity of the Old World could be perfected among the simple and unspoiled Indians. -
Lisa Zeller (Mainz) from La Reine Margot (1845) to La Dame Pâle (1849): Affect and Visual Memory in Dumas' Representations Of
PhiN-Beiheft 13/2017: 56 Lisa Zeller (Mainz) From La Reine Margot (1845) to La Dame pâle (1849): Affect and Visual Memory in Dumas' Representations of History This article exemplifies some of the theoretical reflections presented in the introduction of this issue: Referring to Jon Beasley-Murray's theoretical approach, I analyse Dumas' historical novel La Reine Margot and his novella La Dame pâle (in Les Mille et Un Fantômes) as two different examples of the use of affect and visual memory in narrative representations of history before and immediately after 1848. La Reine Margot stages the transformation of the destructive affects of the multitude into the structured emotion of an all-inclusive future state. The novel thus tells a foundational story of a reunited French nation. Via the "Margot"-character represented as a unifying force, Dumas seems to make use of the visual memory of the Revolution's female allegory of the nation, coupling it with the figure of the future Henri IV. He thus telescopes distant and more recent national history and produces a novel ready for consumption for the supporters of diverse political parties. Asking what escapes in such representations, I focus on La Dame pâle, a vampire-story with constellations com- parable to those of La Reine Margot. This novella, I argue, accounts for the affects that have not yet been contained and transformed into stabilised, constituted emotion and that may lead to the death of the newly founded Second Republic. The Republic, just like the narration, seems to be "over- whelmed by the affects it sets out to exclude", to borrow an expression from Beasley-Murray (2010: xv): an 'archaic' attachment to the Empire and to an affective experience associated with it. -
French Imperial Projects in Mexico, 1820–1867 Edward Shawcross
1 French Imperial Projects in Mexico, 1820–1867 Edward Shawcross UCL Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2 I, Edward Shawcross, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 Abstract The standard narrative of nineteenth‐century imperialism in Latin America is one of US expansion and British informal influence. However, it was France, not Britain, which made the most concerted effort to counter US power through Louis‐ Napoléon’s creation of an empire in Mexico under the Habsburg Archduke Maximilian. Despite its significance to French and Mexican history, this intervention is invariably described as an “illusion”, an “adventure” or a “mirage”. This thesis answers the question why some Mexicans believed that the survival of the nation itself depended upon French intervention, and why France sought to impose an informal‐imperial model on Mexico. It does so by analysing the full context of Franco‐Mexican relations from 1820 onwards: French and Mexican ideas about monarchy in Latin America; responses to US expansion and the development of anti‐Americanism and pan‐Latinism; the consolidation of Mexican conservatism and the French Second Empire’s influence as a political paradigm; and, finally, the collaboration of some Mexican elites with French imperialism. This thesis draws upon French, Mexican, British and US sources, especially diplomatic dispatches, periodicals and published works. The approach challenges the separation between intellectual history and international history. By going beyond the conventional history of ideas focus on ‘canonical’ texts, it seeks to identify the extent to which currents of thought normally considered to be the preserve of well‐known intellectuals and politicians were part of a wider political culture that influenced French policy in Mexico, and shaped the contours of Mexican political discourse. -
Political Uses of the Napoleonic Past in France, 1815-1840
Between Memory and History: Political Uses of the Napoleonic Past in France, 1815-1840 Natasha S. Naujoks A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2011 Approved by: Dr. Jay M. Smith Dr. Lloyd S. Kramer Dr. Donald M. Reid Dr. Karen Hagemann Dr. Daniel Sherman 2011 Natasha S. Naujoks ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT NATASHA S. NAUJOKS: Between Memory and History: Political Uses of the Napoleonic Past in France, 1815-1840 (Under the direction of Dr. Jay M. Smith) This dissertation examines the political uses of historical memory in France between 1815 and 1848 through the lens of the Napoleonic myth. Reflections on the recent Napoleonic past permeated opposition discourse throughout the Restoration despite the regime’s attempts to enforce collective amnesia, while Louis-Philippe’s more favorable attitudes towards the Napoleonic legacy secured it a vital role in the July Monarchy’s political culture as well. Whereas historians have long accepted the thesis that the myth originated in Napoleon’s efforts to impose a carefully constructed public image through propaganda, this dissertation argues that it is better understood as part of the nineteenth-century obsession with the past as a mode of explanation. Long recognized in studies of Romanticism, this dissertation attempts to locate the same historicism in popular political discourse and examines the work of largely unknown or anonymous writers who flooded the increasingly popular market for literary novelties in early-nineteenth-century France. -
Popular Imagery, the Press and Militarism
Popular Imagery, the Press and Militarism: Identifying Militarism in French Culture and Society, 1830-1840 by Michael S. Paramchuk Supervised by Dr. Robert Alexander A graduating Essay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements, in the Honours Programme. For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts In the Department Of History The University of Victoria April 6 2020 i Table of Contents Table of Figures ii Introduction 1 Military Implications, 1830-1840 9 Les Trois Glorieuses, July 1830 10 The Belgian Revolution, 1830-32 13 Napoleon and his Nephew: Bonapartist Episodes 1836-1840 16 Identifying Militarism in Newsprint and Popular Imagery 20 Identifying militarism in Le Corsaire and L’Indépendant 26 Popular Imagery in France, 1835-1841 32 Conclusion 38 Bibliography 40 Appendix 43 ii Table of Figures Figure 1: Pellerin, La Vie du conscrit, 1841. Bibliothèque national de France, Paris. 43 Figure 2: Dembour, Crédit est mort, les mauvais payeurs l’ont tué, 1835. © Musée de l'Image – Ville d’Épinal / cliché H. Rouyer. 43 Figure 3: Pellerin, Le Chemin du ciel et le chemin de l’enfer, 1837. Bibliothèque national de France, Paris. 44 Figure 4: Georgin, Napoléon à Arcis-sur-Aube, 1835. Bibliothèque national de France, Paris. 44 1 Introduction Military history is one of the oldest forms of historical writing in many cultures and in recent decades it has been subject to increased scrutiny. The polarizing nature of military history is perhaps due, in part, to the popularity of the discipline with the public. Another reason could be the notion that military historians glorify or romanticize the very subject they study, war.1 David A. -
1 'Our Aim Is the Rhine Frontier': the Emergence of a French Forward
‘Our aim is the Rhine frontier’: the emergence of a French forward policy, 1815-1830 Item Type Article Authors Price, Munro Citation Price M (2019) ‘Our aim is the Rhine frontier’: the emergence of a French forward policy, 1815-1830. French History. 33(1): 65-87. Rights © 2019 Oxford University Press. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in French History following peer review. The definitive publisher- authenticated version Price M (2019) ‘Our aim is the Rhine frontier’: the emergence of a French forward policy, 1815-1830. French History. 33(1): 65-87 is available online at: https:// doi.org/10.1093/fh/crz002. Download date 27/09/2021 20:06:11 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16851 1 ‘Our aim is the Rhine frontier’: the emergence of a French forward policy, 1815-1830 There is a traditional consensus, easily summarized, about the Bourbon restoration’s foreign policy. After the lenient provisions of the first treaty of Paris in 1814, the second treaty of Paris following the Hundred Days was significantly harsher, stripping France of border fortresses and territories and imposing on her both an army of occupation and a 700 million franc indemnity. This was compounded by the inglorious sight of Louis XVIII returning home 'in the baggage wagons of the enemy.' Over the next fifteen years the restored monarchy did little to recover France's lost great- power status. The occasions on which it tried, such as the Spanish expedition of 1823, were mere nuances in its pacific foreign policy. -
Antoine-Jean Gros's Hercules and Diomedes
Antoine-Jean Gros’s Hercules and Diomedes: a Return to the Baroque ∗ Carrie Wills French artist Antoine-Jean Gros achieved a great deal of success during the Napoleonic Empire with his monumental, propagandistic paintings, such as Napoleon Visiting the Pest House at Jaffa (Figure 1) from 1804. He created many dynamic, colorful compositions that often seemed at odds with the teachings of his master, classical artist Jacques-Louis David. Gros’s work frequently inspired the younger generation of painters who would pioneer the artistic movement that came to be known as Romanticism; however, shortly after Gros inherited David’s teaching atelier in 1816 when the older artist was exiled to Brussels, a drastic change in Gros’s artistic output occurred. During the last fifteen years of his career, he produced a number of works based on classical themes that were often perceived by critics as awkward and even comical. Gros’s last major painting was no exception to this harsh criticism. Hercules and Diomedes was exhibited at the annual Salon of 1835, and the work was met with near universal condemnation (Figure 2). This failure with the public was exaggerated by the fact that Gros held a position as professor in the École des Beaux-Arts and, shortly after the opening of the exhibition, was named the President of the Academy of Fine Arts and Chair of the Five Academies of the Institute, making him the highest ranking artist in France. The painting was identified by many critics as a sad reminder of the deterioration of the great school of David.