DOCSLIB.ORG

Volume 29, January, 1983 Lebanon, Page 31920 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Volume 29, January, 1983 Lebanon, Page 31920 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 29, January, 1983 Lebanon, Page 31920 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. A. LEBANON Summary and key dates Syrian-Phalangist clashes in Zahle and Beirut (April-June 1981). Lifting of Syrian siege of Zahle (June 30, 1981). Arab League committee peace proposals (Aug. 3, Nov. 7, 1981). Renewal of violence throughout Lebanon (late 1981–1982). Murder of French ambassador (Sept. 4, 1981). Bomb attack on PLO offices in west Beirut (Oct. 1, 1981). Bomb attack on Iraqi embassy (Dec. 5, 1981). Election of Mr Bashir Gemayel as President (Aug. 23, 1982). Assassination of Mr Bashir Gemayel (Sept. 14, 1982). Election of Mr Amin Gemayel as President (Sept. 21, 1982). Formation of new Cabinet under Mr Chafiq al-Wazzan (Oct. 7, 1982). During the period from April 1981 to late 1982 the internal security situation in Lebanon remained extremely precarious, being marked by periodic outbreaks of fighting between the contending factions and military forces in different parts of the country [for previous developments to March 1981, see 30917 A]). Efforts by the LebaneseGovernment to re-establish its authority continued to make little headway in the face not only of the mutual suspicion and rivalries of the Lebanese factions themselves but also of escalating conflict between military units of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) based in Lebanon and the Israeli defence forces, culminating in a fullscale Israeliinvasion in June 1982 [see 31905 A]. A new wave of fighting had erupted in April 1981 following the bombardment by the (Syrian) Arab Deterrent Force (ADF)—deployed in Lebanon since the end of 1975– 76 civil war [see pages 30917; 30005]—of Christian militiamen in the town of Zahle and in the eastern sector of Beirut. Repeated attempts to achieve a permanent ceasefire met with only partial and always short-lived success, principally because of the difficulty of controlling the activities of the large number of different factions involved. The unrest in southern Lebanon, which had been growing in late 1980 and early 1981, included a new inter-Shi‖ite (Moslem) rivalry between the two communist parties on the one hand and the Amal militia on the other. By mid-1982 this violent rivalry had moved north to Beirut and Amal had become one of the largest single interest groups fighting in Lebanon. The chief sources of the conflict in the period 1981–82 arose from the antagonisms between (i) the ADF and the right-wing (Maronite Christian) Phalangists led by the Gemayel family; (ii) the Phalangists (with Israeli backing) and the Palestinians; (iii) the Phalangists and the left-wing groups which formed the National Movement coalition led by Mr Walid Jumblatt; (iv) the Maronite supporters of the Gemayel family and those of former President Soleiman Franjie; (v) pro-Iraqi and pro- Iranian groups [in an extension of the Gulf War conflict—see 31848 A; 31517 A)A;); (vi) supporters of the Iraqi Baath party and of the Syrian Baath party [for deterioration of Iraqi-Syrianrelations, see pages 31523-24]); (vii) Sunni Moslems and Alawite Moslems in the city of Tripoli (in extension of the conflict in Syria between the Sunni majority and the Alawite minority which held power-see page 31624]; (viii) the predominantly Shi‖ite communist parties and the Shi‖ite militia Amal [see also page 30925]; and (ix) the Palestinians living in southern Lebanon and the forces of Maj. Saad Haddad, the commander of an autonomous enclave on the border with Israel (commonly known as ―Haddadland‖) who operated with Israeli backing [see pages 30917; 300947]. In August 1982 the Lebanese Parliament elected the Phalangist militia leader, Mr Bashir Gemayel, as President in succession to Mr Elias Sarkis. Mr Gemayel was assassinated on Sept. 14 before being sworn into office, however, and his elder brother, Mr Amin Gemayel, was elected to the presidential post on Sept. 21. The struggle between the Phalangist militia and the Syrian ADF for control of the town of Zahle in the Bekaa Valley led to an escalation of fighting between the two forces when 2,500 Syrian troops surrounded the town on April 2, 1981, and opened fire. There had been clashes between the ADF and the Phalangists since December 1980 [see page 30925] and the Syrian bombardment of the town continued until the end of June 1981, when the Phalangists agreed to withdraw and the Syrian presence was reduced. The fighting around Zahle gave rise to a major crisis between Syria and Israel in May over the siting of Syrian surface-to-air missiles in the Bekaa Valley. [see pages 31907-08] Zahle was a predominantly Greek Catholic town lying in the ADF-controlled sector, 10 miles from the Syrianborder and on the Beirut- Damascus highway. (The inter- Christian fighting of December 1980—see page 30925— had been between the Greek Catholic inhabitants of the town and the Maronite Phalangists who were anxious to extend their control beyond their enclave.) The Syrian command in Lebanon claimed that Zahle was vital to Syriansecurity and stated that its troops had been moved into the area in order to prevent the construction by the Phalangists of a road linking Zahle with the Mount Lebanon district. The Economist (of April 11, observed that the Syrians feared a pincer movement by the Phalangists in northern and central Lebanon acting in conjunction with the forces of Maj. Haddad in the south. The Syrian bombardment was launched in response to a Phalangist attempt to wrest control of a bridge just outside Zahle; it was later suggested that the Phalangist attack had been deliberately provocative. The heavy artillery and rocket fire from both sides abated on April 7 and the first relief supplies were allowed into the town. The following day the Syrian Foreign Minister, Mr Abdel Halim Khaddam, who had been sent to Lebanon by President Hafez al-Assad of Syria for talks with the Government of President Sarkis, presented the following terms for a ceasefire: (i) that the Phalangist militia be withdrawn from Zahle and the surrounding hills; (ii) that responsibility for security in the town be assumed by units of the Lebanese Army (a force of some 35,000 men which had remained largely powerless to influence the security situation since the 1975–76 civil war) provided that these units served under the command of the ADF; and (iii) that a line from the Bekaa Valley to Jezzin (the southern limit of the area of ADF control) be regarded as a ―red line‖ (i.e. incursions to the east of the line would be regarded as a threat to Syria's security). These terms were rejected by the Phalangist militia, whose leader, Mr Bashir Gemayel, stated that ―we are determined to fight to the end whatever the consequences‖ in order to achieve the ―liberation‖ of Lebanon (i. e. the removal of Syrian troops from Lebanese soil). The Syrian bombardment was resumed on April 8, despite protests from Israel and the United States made in response to the Phalangist depiction of events in Zahle as a Syrian massacre of Christians. A convoy of 11 vehicles belonging to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) entered Zahle on April 9, 1981, to start the evacuation of the dead and wounded, but the fighting continued and on April 13 the Syrians cut off the town. [For casualty figures, repeated proclamations of ceasefires, concurrent fighting in Beirut and Maj. Haddad's reprisals for the shelling of Zahle, see below.] There was a marked alteration in the stance adopted by the United States to the Syrian action in Zahle in early April 1981. Whereas the then Secretary of State, Mr Alexander Haig, on April 6 described Syrian action as ―brutal and unacceptable‖, on April 9, after he had visited Jerusalem, Amman (Jordan) and Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), a senior US official speaking on his behalf stated that Syria played ―an indispensable role in the Middle East‖. On his way home to the United States Mr Haig stopped in Paris, where he voiced his support for a French proposal that a further UN force (i. e. in addition to the UN Interim Force in Lebanon—UNIFIL) consisting of Frenchsoldiers should be sent to Lebanon to help keep the peace. The idea was abandoned on April 14, however, after being welcomed only by the Phalangists and the Israelis and rejected by Syria and other Arab countries, by theLebanese Prime Minister, Mr Chafiq al- Wazzan (a Moslem), and by the Maronite President, Mr Sarkis. [For deterioration of Franco-Syrian relations, see below.] Attempts to establish a ceasefire between the contending forces were undermined by the confirmation given by theIsraeli Government on April 14, 1981, of the frequently- mooted allegation that it was supplying the Phalangists with military equipment. Mr Bashir Gemayel admitted two days later that the Phalangists were willing to receive help from anyone and that some aircraft had been supplied to his forces by ―certain Arab countries‖. A tentative peace agreement was reached on April 24, 1981, after three days of talks between on the one hand Col. Mohammed Ghanem, ADF head of intelligence, and on the other Mr Joseph Skaff (the Greek Catholic Minister of Defence) and Mr Ilyas al- Hirawi (the Maronite Catholic Minister of Public Works and Transport), both of whom came from Zahle, providing for the entry of Lebanese security forces into the town and a ban on any private militias. Nevertheless, the mutual shelling continued, and an increase in Israeli activity in Lebanon associated with the eruption in May 1981 of the Bekaa missile crisis meant that all peace efforts in Lebanon were overshadowed by the Syrian-Israeli conflict and its international repercussions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Federal Agencies Updating Base Year of Indexes to 1977
    Technical Note Federal agencies updating Exhibit 1 . Schedule of dates for converting base year of indexes to 1977 BLS statistical series to a base year of 1977 =100 Scheduled Along with other Federal agencies, the Bureau of Labor Statistical series completion Statistics is changing the base year used in its statistical date indexes from 1967 to 1977. The rebasing of most BLS data: establishment series will be completed by December 1981, the target Employment Aggregate weekly hour indexes . July 1981 date for conversion of all Federal index numbers Aggregate weekly payroll indexes . July 1981 adopted by the Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Average weekly earnings indexes . July 1981 Standards. The BLS Producer, Consumer, and import Federal Government hours and and export price indexes and price-related indexes (such earnings indexes . July 1981 Gross and spendable earnings as the Spendable Earnings Series) will be rebased to indexes . February 1982 1977 with the release of data for January 1982. Price data Periodic revision Consumer Price Indexes . February 1982 The base period of Federal statistical indexes is re- Import and export price indexes . February 1982 Producer Price Indexes . February 1982 vised approximately every 10 years. In announcing the latest revision, the Office of Statistical Policy and Stan- Productivity data dards noted that reference periods are changed to "fa- Compensation per hour indexes . January 1981 cilitate the visual comprehension of rates of change Output per hour indexes . January 1981 from a base period that is not too distant in time." Prices indexes . January 1981 The Office of Statistical Policy chose the year 1977 Unit labor cost indexes .
    [Show full text]
  • Recessions and Pittsburgh for the 2010 Census
    DECEMBER 2008 PITTSBURGH ECONOMIC QUART E RLY University Center for Social and Urban Research Inside This Issue Start Planning Now Recessions and Pittsburgh for the 2010 Census........6 By Christopher Briem Conference ow will a national recession affect the Pittsburgh NBER guidelines for the dating of recessions are Announcement ...............7 Hregion? Both the length and depth of national reces- as follows: sions have varied significantly in recent decades. Likewise, “The committee places particular emphasis on two the impact national recessions have on the regional econ- monthly measures of activity across the entire economy: omy has varied. (1) personal income less transfer payments, in real terms The Pittsburgh region experienced far more concentrated and (2) employment. In addition, the committee refers to impacts of national recessions in the early 1980s. Effects on two indicators with coverage primarily of manufacturing the region were more comparable to the nation as a whole and goods: (3) industrial production and (4) the volume of from both the early 1990s and 2001 recessions. sales of the manufacturing and wholesale-retail sectors The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) has adjusted for price changes. The committee also looks at stated that the national economy had a peak of economic monthly estimates of real GDP such as those prepared by activity in December 2007. The statement was significant Macroeconomic Advisers (see www.macroadvisers.com). because NBER’s Business Cycle Dating Committee is gen- Although these indicators are the most important measures erally accepted as the arbiter of dating the beginning and considered by the NBER in developing its business cycle end of national recessions.
    [Show full text]
  • Riotous Assembly: British Punk's Diaspora in the Summer of '81
    Riotous assembly: British punk's diaspora in the summer of '81 Book or Report Section Accepted Version Worley, M. (2016) Riotous assembly: British punk's diaspora in the summer of '81. In: Andresen, K. and van der Steen, B. (eds.) A European Youth Revolt: European Perspectives on Youth Protest and Social Movements in the 1980s. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 217-227. ISBN 9781137565693 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/52356/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Published version at: http://www.palgrave.com/gb/book/9781137565693 Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Riotous Assembly: British punk’s diaspora in the summer of ‘81 Matthew Worley Britain’s newspaper headlines made for stark reading in July 1981.1 As a series of riots broke out across the country’s inner-cities, The Sun led with reports of ‘Race Fury’ and ‘Mob Rule’, opening up to provide daily updates of ‘Burning Britain’ as the month drew on.2 The Daily Mail, keen as always to pander a prejudice, described the disorder as a ‘Black War on Police’, bemoaning years of ‘sparing the rod’ and quoting those who blamed the riots on a ‘vociferous
    [Show full text]
  • “Leaving Them to Stew in Their Own Juice”
    “Leaving them to Stew in Their Own Juice” US-Syrian Relations and the Lebanese Civil War,1981-1984 Magnus Seland Andersson Master’s Thesis in History – Institute of Archeology, Conservation and History – Faculty of Humanities University of OSLO Spring 2018 II “Leaving them to Stew in Their Own Juice” US-Syrian Relations and the Lebanese Civil War,1981-1984 III © Magnus Seland Andersson 2018 “Leaving Them To Stew in Their Own Juice:” US-Syrian Relations and the Lebanese Civil War, 1981-1985 Magnus Seland Andersson Cover photo: The National Security Planning Group discussing the Beirut barracks bombing, October 23rd 1983. Courtesy of Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum http://www.duo.uio.no/ Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Summary US-Syrian relations in the first half of the 1980’s was dominated by the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990). US involvement in the conflict started with the 1981 missile crisis in which a stand-off between the Phalange, a Christian Maronite militia backed by Israel, challenged Syria’s hold over the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon. The Reagan administration saw Syria as a Soviet proxy, but there was no consensus on how to approach Hafez al-Assad’s Syria, or the Lebanese conflict. The US entered the stand-off as a mediator, concluding negotiations in late July 1981. But there was little follow-up between Syria and the United States. Instead, the Reagan administration consistently attempted to increase its cooperation with Israel in the Middle East, as well as that of other “moderate” Arab states, such as Egypt and Saudi Arabia.When Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 to combat the PLO, the US again inserted itself into the conflict as a mediator between Syria and Israel, and the PLO and the Lebanese to withdrawal of “all foreign forces” from the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert B. Arnold V. US - 22 July, 1982
    Appeal No. 2280 - Robert B. Arnold v. US - 22 July, 1982. ___________________________________________________ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNITED STATES COAST GUARD vs. MERCHANT MARINER'S DOCUMENT NO. Z redacted Issued to: Robert B. Arnold DECISION OF THE COMMANDANT ON APPEAL UNITED STATES COAST GUARD 2280 Robert B. Arnold This appeal has been taken in accordance with Title 46 U.S.C. 239(g) and 46 CFR 5.30-1. By order dated 18 September 1981, an Administrative Law Judge of the United States Coast Guard at Long Beach, California, revoked Appellant's seaman's documents upon finding him guilty of misconduct and physical incompetence. The specifications found proved alleged that Appellant while serving as crew messman aboard the SS AUSTRAL LIGHTING, under authority of the captioned document, (1) did on or about 6 June 1981 fail to perform his assigned duties, by not serving breakfast; (2) did on or about 10 June 1981 while the vessel was in Sydney, Australia, fail to perform his duties, by not serving supper; (3) did on or about 10 June 1981 while the vessel was in Sydney, Australia fail to join for the continued voyage to Melbourne, Australia; (4) did on or about 20 June 1981, fail to perform his duties for reasons of intoxication; (5) did on or about 21 June 1981, fail to perform his duties for reasons of intoxication; (6) did on or about 22 June 1981 while vessel was in Brisbane, Australia, fail to join for the continued voyage to San Francisco, California; (7) was on or about 21 June 1981 while the vessel was in port at Brisbane, Australia, and at the time of the hearing was, physically incompetent to perform the file:////hqsms-lawdb/users/KnowledgeManagementD...20&%20R%202280%20-%202579/2280%20-%20ARNOLD.htm (1 of 7) [02/10/2011 8:20:14 AM] Appeal No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reconstructions of Beirut Joe Nasr, Éric Verdeil
    The reconstructions of Beirut Joe Nasr, Éric Verdeil To cite this version: Joe Nasr, Éric Verdeil. The reconstructions of Beirut. Salma K. Jayyusi, Renata Holod, Attilio Petruccioli and André Raymond. The City in the Islamic World, Brill, pp.1116-1141, 2008, Handbook of Oriental Studies, 10.1163/ej.9789004162402.i-1500.299. halshs-00261149 HAL Id: halshs-00261149 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00261149 Submitted on 6 Mar 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Reconstructions of Beirut The City in the Islamic World, Brill, Leiden Joe Nasr, independent researcher, associated with the Institut Français du Proche-Orient, Beirut, Lebanon Eric Verdeil, CNRS, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société, Lyon, France Introduction Beirut has successively been seen as the icon of the war-destroyed city, the paradigmatic case of “urbicide”1 and then as the symbol of a city rebirth through the reconstruction of its city center,2 praised in real estate journals and sold as a booming touristic destination to natives of the Arabo-Persian Gulf. Both images place Beirut as a city out of compare, out of norm, defining it as a unique and extraordinary city.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle East: Syrians Attack Lebanese Christians; Other Developments PRINT EMAIL SAVE TEXT • Israeli Planes Fly Over Beirut • U.S
    Issue Date: July 07, 1978 Middle East: Syrians Attack Lebanese Christians; Other Developments PRINT EMAIL SAVE TEXT • Israeli Planes Fly Over Beirut • U.S. Urges End to Fighting Syrian troops of the Arab League peacekeeping force in Lebanon engaged in fierce fighting with outnumbered Christian militiamen in and around Beirut July 1-6. At least 200 persons were killed and more than 500 others were wounded, mostly civilians in Christian sections. Property damage in the capital was extensive. The combat, the worst since the 1975-76 civil war, prompted Israel to warn Syria July 6 to halt attacks against its Christian allies. The violence erupted after Syria declared June 30 that it would not tolerate a breakdown of order in the country, and would "punish the criminals." The Syrian warning referred to a massacre of Christian civilians June 28, the second such incident in a month. [See 1978 Middle East: Lebanese Christian Factions Clash] Unidentified gunmen raided Baalbek and three adjacent villages in northeastern Lebanon, killing 36 persons. The attack was believed to be in retaliation for the reputed Phalangist Party slaying of about 45 Christians in the same region June 13. Suleiman Franjieh, leader of one of the Christian factions, had vowed at the time to take revenge for the slaying of his son, Tony Franjieh, and others in that raid. Camille Chamoun, leader of the Christian National Liberal Party, said the latest murders were committed by "non-Lebanese and noncivilian elements." Other Christian sources said the victims were members of the Phalangist and National Liberal parties. The Phalangists blamed the Syrians for the killings.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Term # of Terms Total Years on the Council Presidencies # Of
    Country Term # of Total Presidencies # of terms years on Presidencies the Council Elected Members Algeria 3 6 4 2004 - 2005 December 2004 1 1988 - 1989 May 1988, August 1989 2 1968 - 1969 July 1968 1 Angola 2 4 2 2015 – 2016 March 2016 1 2003 - 2004 November 2003 1 Argentina 9 18 15 2013 - 2014 August 2013, October 2014 2 2005 - 2006 January 2005, March 2006 2 1999 - 2000 February 2000 1 1994 - 1995 January 1995 1 1987 - 1988 March 1987, June 1988 2 1971 - 1972 March 1971, July 1972 2 1966 - 1967 January 1967 1 1959 - 1960 May 1959, April 1960 2 1948 - 1949 November 1948, November 1949 2 Australia 5 10 10 2013 - 2014 September 2013, November 2014 2 1985 - 1986 November 1985 1 1973 - 1974 October 1973, December 1974 2 1956 - 1957 June 1956, June 1957 2 1946 - 1947 February 1946, January 1947, December 1947 3 Austria 3 6 4 2009 - 2010 November 2009 1 1991 - 1992 March 1991, May 1992 2 1973 - 1974 November 1973 1 Azerbaijan 1 2 2 2012 - 2013 May 2012, October 2013 2 Bahrain 1 2 1 1998 - 1999 December 1998 1 Bangladesh 2 4 3 2000 - 2001 March 2000, June 2001 2 Country Term # of Total Presidencies # of terms years on Presidencies the Council 1979 - 1980 October 1979 1 Belarus1 1 2 1 1974 - 1975 January 1975 1 Belgium 5 10 11 2007 - 2008 June 2007, August 2008 2 1991 - 1992 April 1991, June 1992 2 1971 - 1972 April 1971, August 1972 2 1955 - 1956 July 1955, July 1956 2 1947 - 1948 February 1947, January 1948, December 1948 3 Benin 2 4 3 2004 - 2005 February 2005 1 1976 - 1977 March 1976, May 1977 2 Bolivia 3 6 7 2017 - 2018 June 2017, October
    [Show full text]
  • ECONOMIC COMMISSION-FOR LATIN AMERICA Office for the Caribbean
    ECONOMIC COMMISSION-FOR LATIN AMERICA Office for the Caribbean Work-Programme 1979-1981 1 July 1979 - 31 July 1981 Work Programme 1979-1981 1 July 1979 - 31 July 1981 Divisions Economic co-operation and integration Priority Areass 1. Removal of language barriers 2. Caribbean Documentation Centre 1» Name of Pro.ject; Removal of language barriers Objective; Facilitate intercourse and closer relations among all countries in sub-region Durations 1/7/79 - 30/6/81 Resources; a) Professional staff m/m Hamid Mohammed 4 b) Consultancy (UNESCO) US$ Co-ordinations - UNESCO Output; Regional workshop on modern approaches to the teaching of foreign languages» National workshops on teaching foreign languages. 2. Name of Projects Establishment of Caribbean Documentation Centre - Caribbean information system in selected sectors viz., agriculture, economic and social planning, and science and technology. Objectives The establishment of regional information networks and the strengthening of national information systems will support the programmes of economic and social development in the sub-region and avoid costly duplication of efforts. Durations 1/7/79 - 30/6/81 Resources s m/m a) Professional staff Hamid Mohammed b) Librarian Assistants 48 c) Travel US$3,000 d) Consultancy (iDRC) US$90,000 - 2 - Co-ordinations - CEPAL, Santiago UNESCO IDRC CARICOM OutputI Establishment of regional information systems. CEPAL Office for the Caribbean Work Programme 1979-1981 1 July 1979 - 51 July 1981 Division; Agriculture Priority Areas; 1) Balance sheets of selected agricultural products 2) Sub-regional co-operation in agriculture lo Name of Pro.ject; Publication of agricultural statistics of Caribbean countries Objective; Provide analytical data to assist countries in the sub-region to consider possibilities for expanding supply of foodstuffs and of agricultural, fishing, and forestry raw materials.
    [Show full text]
  • The London Gazette, 20Th July 1981
    9574 THE LONDON GAZETTE, 20TH JULY 1981 firm. Court—COVENTRY. No. of Matter—42 of 1976. London N.W.6, as PROPRIETOR of DELICATESSEN Date Fixed for Hearing—20th August 1981. 2.15 p.m. FRANCHISE. Court—HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE, Place—4 Copthall House, Eaton Road, Coventry. No. of Matter—1831 of 1977. Date of Order—8th April 1981. Nature of Order Made—^Discharged subject SMITH, Brian Peter, Plasterer, residing at 124 Wood Street, to consent to Judgment for £720 being entered against Rugby in the county of Warwick, previously residing and him by Official Receiver as Trustee and pay £1 costs carrying on business at 33 Wentworth Road, Rugby of Judgment, the said sum of £720 to be paid by aforesaid, as a SUB-CONTRACT PLASTERER. Court instalments of £30 per month commencing NOTE: £1 —COVENTRY (by transfer from High Court of Justice). paid to Official Receiver as Trustee for costs of entering No. of• Matter—59A of 1976. Date Fixed for Hearing— up Judgment. Grounds named in Order for refusing 20th August 1981. 2.15 p.m. Place—The County Court, an absolute Order of Discharg—Proofs of Facts men- 4 Copthall House, Eaton Road, Coventry. tioned in section 26 sub-section (A, B, C, and F) Bank- ruptcy Act 1914, as amended by section 1 of the HALSTEAD, Keith Graham, (described in the Receiving Bankruptcy (Amendment) Act 1926. It has also been Order as K. G. Halstead (male)), residing at and carrying proved that the Bankrupt has been guilty of misconduct on business from 44 Nelson Road, Pakefield, Lowestoft in relation to his property and affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Party Mapping in Lebanon Ahead of the 2018 Elections
    Political Party Mapping in Lebanon Ahead of the 2018 Elections Foreword This study on the political party mapping in Lebanon ahead of the 2018 elections includes a survey of most Lebanese political parties; especially those that currently have or previously had parliamentary or government representation, with the exception of Lebanese Communist Party, Islamic Unification Movement, Union of Working People’s Forces, since they either have candidates for elections or had previously had candidates for elections before the final list was out from the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities. The first part includes a systematic presentation of 27 political parties, organizations or movements, showing their official name, logo, establishment, leader, leading committee, regional and local alliances and relations, their stance on the electoral law and their most prominent candidates for the upcoming parliamentary elections. The second part provides the distribution of partisan and political powers over the 15 electoral districts set in the law governing the elections of May 6, 2018. It also offers basic information related to each district: the number of voters, the expected participation rate, the electoral quotient, the candidate’s ceiling on election expenditure, in addition to an analytical overview of the 2005 and 2009 elections, their results and alliances. The distribution of parties for 2018 is based on the research team’s analysis and estimates from different sources. 2 Table of Contents Page Introduction .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Carter, Reagan, and Khomeini: Presidential Transitions and International Law Nancy Amoury Combs
    Hastings Law Journal Volume 52 | Issue 2 Article 2 1-2001 Carter, Reagan, and Khomeini: Presidential Transitions and International Law Nancy Amoury Combs Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Nancy Amoury Combs, Carter, Reagan, and Khomeini: Presidential Transitions and International Law, 52 Hastings L.J. 303 (2001). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol52/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Articles Carter, Reagan, and Khomeini: Presidential Transitions and International Law by NANCY AMOURY COMBS* Introduction Marbury v. Madison is justifiably famous for establishing judicial review; however, the case also provides the first glimpse in American political history of the power struggle between a lame-duck President who hurriedly advances the goals of his administration during the waning hours of his presidency and an incoming President who is just as intent on reversing his predecessor's eleventh-hour deeds. After the Republicans swept the elections of 1800,2 President John Adams, along with the outgoing Federalists in the lame-duck Congress, enraged President-elect Thomas Jefferson by expanding the federal judiciary and packing it with loyal Federalists.3 After the * Legal Adviser, Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, The Hague, The Netherlands. J.D., University of California at Berkeley, Boalt Hall, 1994. I am grateful to George H.
    [Show full text]