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About the Contributors

Sanya Ojo holds a PhD in Entrepreneurship. He is an accomplished entrepreneur with forty years’ experience. This informs his research interests in diaspora/ethnic en- trepreneurship, international business strategy and management. He has the privilege of mobility in career choices, exploring options critically, establishing educational preferences, and placing bets on multiple knowledge paths, as a consequence of his capacity to benefit from high-end knowledge and research. Currently, he operates a goal-oriented consultancy in business and entrepreneurship both in practice and the academic field. He is a Fellow of Higher Education Academy (FHEA) and a Senior Lecturer at the Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, . As an award-winner, he has published in reputable academic journals and resources.

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Bem Japhet Audu is a lecturer in the Department of History and War Studies, and Research Fellow, Centre for the Study of Leadership and Complex Military Operations, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria. He earned his PhD in History (International Studies) at the prestigious Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna in 2016. He also studied M.A. History (2012) and M.A. International Relations and Strategic Studies (2007) as well as B.A. History (2003) at Benue State University, Makurdi. He has published many scholarly articles in local and international journals and contributed chapters in books. One of his notable books is; Wars and Changing Patterns of Inter-Group Relations in the Middle Benue Valley, c.1300-1900 (2018).

Pedro B. Água is a Professor of General Management at the Portuguese Naval Academy. He has authored several articles and book chapters, while continuing his research in the field of cutting-edge technology, industrialization, innovation and business policy and regularly teaches such. Professor Água has over twenty-five years of experience across high technology endeavours, from defence to telecommunica- tions and oil and gas industry, combining his extensive professional and business background with teaching. Andre holds a Ph.D. in Management and Engineering awarded by the University of Lisbon. About the Contributors

Korhan ARUN received a BA in mathematics from Hacettepe University (Turkey) and an M.B.A in Total Quality Management from Dokuz Eylul University in 2003 and a Ph.D. in Organization and Management from Ataturk University (Turkey) in 2008. He is an assistant Professor of Organization and Management at the University at Namik Kemal University (Tekirdag/Turkey). His current research and teaching interests include leadership, power and influence, organization and management development. Dr. Arun worked at the government agencies for 15 years. In addition, he had an advisor position for NATO (KFOR/ Kosovo Force) in 2012. He has been involved in several projects to improve leadership in the Turkish Army while he is in the editorial board of many journals indexed in web of science and SCOPUS.

Anthony Chukwu - BA, MA (Ibadan); PhD (Leipzig, Germany), is a philosophy generalist who recently taught at Seneca College in Canada. His research interests include: Analytical Philosophy, African Philosophy, Epistemology, Logic and, So- cial and Political Philosophy. He is current working on procedural Uses and Abuses of Reason in Complex Military Operations. A military operation presupposes an engagement on the basis of rules that are founded on practical use of reason and rooted in law and ethical consideration. But, while in combat situations, military exigency trumps reason and the need to neutralize a threat at all cost takes prece- dence over rationality and morality. Yet, humane and ethical considerations would reject a situation of anything goes―especially abuse of reason, and others: abuse of right, abuse of law, etc.―that ensues. The situation of litany of abuses created by military operations not only conflicts with, but vitiates the rational and practical uses of reason. To this extent, he is currently exploring ways to center rationality and formal moral reasoning in the discourse of procedural complex military operations.

Anacleto Correia is a professor of Information Systems at the Portuguese Navy Academy. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science, a M.Sc. in Statistics and Information Management, a B.Sc. degree in Management, and also a B.Sc. in Naval Sciences from the Portuguese Naval Academy. His research interests are focused on requirements and software engineering, process modelling, data mining, machine learning, and business engineering. Professor Correia has more than 15 years of industry experience, leading projects and architecting large scale software projects, and is the author of several scientific papers in journals and conference proceedings.

Denise M. Cumberland is an Associate Professor in the Master of Science in Human Resources and Organization Development Program at the University of Louisville. Her research interests include governance, entrepreneurship, leadership, and training within global organizations, franchise firms and the nonprofit sector. She has authored eight book chapters and has over 30 journal articles in publications

349 About the Contributors such as Human Resource Development Review, Leadership and Organization De- velopment Journal, Human Resource Development International, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Nonprofit Management & Leadership, and Teaching and Learning in Medicine.

Jamiu Danga is an Asst Lecturer and a PhD candidate of the Nigerian Defence Academy.

Mogbekeloluwa Oluyinka Fakokunde is a Brigadier General in the Nigeria Army. He is presently the Director Quality Assurance in Nigerian Defence Acad- emy, Kaduna and also a Senior Lecturer in the department of Psychology of the same institution.

Wu Fei is General Editor of US New York Journal “Communication and Public Diplomacy” (Online) ISSN 2578-4277 (Print) ISSN 2578-4269. A Professor at China Guangzhou Jinan University, WU is a columnist and writer for several major Hong Kong and international newspapers and magazines and has published more than 20 books in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. He also is a commentator for several television channels that have a combined audience of 20 million viewers in China mainland and Hong Kong. Wu Fei is an alumna of the US East West center, and membership in the international studies association and Visiting Researching Fellow at Georgetown University (2010 and 2012). Between 2011 and 2012, he served two times as panel chair at the ISA Montreal and San Diego conference. He received several awards at IAFIE annual conferences in 2017, 2018 and 2019 IAFIE at west Virginia \Australian Sydney\New York. Professor Wu Fei also acts as Analyst for Voice of America\Radio free Asia\France 24 English\Russian Sputnik\Hongkong TVB\China CCTV. His research interests include International Communication, Public Diplomacy, and International Relations.

Yang Gao studied at Shanghai Maritime university for BA, Renmin University of China and University of Westminster for MA, and studying at Jilin University for Doctor of Laws. He works as Research Fellow of China Center for Contemporary World Studies, Adjunct Research Fellow of Institute for Global Cooperation and Understanding, Peking University and MA Tutor of Central University of Finance and Economics. He focuses on the Sino-American relationship, Great power strategy and the risks and challenges of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).

Hua Geng is a teacher at the School of Language, Literature and Law, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, China. Her research interests include innovation and entrepreneurship, college students’ entrepreneurship, internationaliza-

350 About the Contributors tion of SMEs, entrepreneurship and China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), foreign linguistics and applied linguistics, and practicability of college students’ English competence. She has attended international meetings: International Conference on Education Science and Management Engineering (ESME) and International Work- shop on Education Technology and Computer Science and published correlative papers. She has also worked as a project leader of S&T Fund for Young Researchers in her university XAUAT.

Yu Hongjun, born in Nong’an County of Jilin province. He studied at Northeast Normal University for BA and MA and Renmin University of China for Doctor of Laws. He worked as a senior visiting scholar in Russia’s Dun Rostov University in the 1990s. He works as an Adjunct Professor of Renmin University of China, International College of Defence Studies,NDU,PLA,China.He is also a Doctoral Tutor of Renmin University of China. Yu Hongjun is a former professional diplo- mat. He used to be Vice Minister of International Department of the CPC Central Committee, President of China Center for Contemporary World Studies (CCCWS) and Member of Foreign Affairs Committee of the CPPCC National Committee. He served as Chinese Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador to Uzbekistan. He is Vice President of Chinese People’s Association for Peace and Disarmament (CPAPD). He is also appointed as Special Expert of Lecture Room of the Public Department of theCPC Central Committee, Senior Research Fellow of the Academy of Contemporary China and World Studies of China Foreign Languages Publishing Administration, Expert of People’s Daily Overseas Thinktank, and Special experts in the talent pool of CPPCC.

Qingan Huang is a Professor at the International Business School, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, China. He is the founding dean of this school. He also serves as a Senior Lecturer in Strategic Management at Royal Docks School of Business & Law, University of East London. His research interests include in- ternationalization of SMEs, marketing, strategic leadership, entrepreneurship and China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). He regularly presented his projects at the AoM and SMS annual meetings. He published papers in International Marketing Review, Journal of Business Ethics, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research and edited book chapter.

Sagir Lawan (rtd) is currently a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Electri- cal Electronic Engineering Nigerian Defence Academy. Sagir Lawan is an author, teacher, career coach, veteran, and an expert in the field of Telecommunication and Electronic Engineering. During his career he assisted thousands of service members in their searches for employment, placing more than 500 in their new jobs. Prior to

351 About the Contributors civilian life, he graduated from the Brunel University London, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria and Nigerian Defence Academy. He served as a commu- nication signal officer with the UN in Sudan and Sierra Leone and participated in many military operations in Nigeria. He teaches telecommunication, management and strategic security studies course. He also gives seminars on entrepreneurship career and job change, writes about the career transition process, and continues to counsel current and former military personnel on entrepreneurship.He is a regular contributor to many reputable International and local journals. Sagir lives in Kaduna with his wife and children. He is an active member Nigerian Veterans community Veterans Sagir enjoys reading, play Badminton and Scrabble.

Olcay Okun graduated from Turkish and received a Ph.D. in Organization and Management from Hasan Kalyoncu University (Turkey). He is a colonel at Turkish Military Forces Head Quarters. His research focuses on iden- tifying and understanding key pathways involved throughout the development of organizational management, leadership, strategic management, and organizational behavior. He had an advisor positions for NATO. He has been involved in several projects to improve leadership in the Turkish Army while he has much scientific research in web of science and SCOPUS.

Usman A Tar (PhD) Professor of Political Science and Defence Studies and distinguished endowed Chair of Defence and Security Studies at the Nigerian Defence Academy, and Director of the Academy’s flagship Centre for Defence Studies and Documentation (CDSD). Prof Tar has held faculty positions in Africa, United Kingdom and Republic of Iraq. He is a Member of the Board of Social Sci- ence Research Council’s African Peacebuilding Network (SSRC/APN), New York, USA. Prof Tar was a member of the Nigerian Presidential Committee to review Nigeria’s National Defence Policy (2017), and presently a member of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Defence Think Tank on National Security. He was formerly, Associate Research Fellow at John and Elnora Ferguson Centre for Africa Studies (JEFCAS) at the University of Bradford, UK. He was also an Assistant Professor at the Department of Politics and International Relations and Director of Postgraduate Studies at the University of Kurdistan-Hewler, Northern Iraq. Prof Tar is the author of The Politics of Neoliberal Democracy in Africa (London/New York: IB Tauris, 2009); Globalization in Africa: Perspectives on Development, Security, and the Environment (Lexington Books, ​Lanham MD, USA, 2016 ); Defence Transforma- tion and the Consolidation of Democracy in Nigeria (Kaduna: Academy Publishers, 2018); and New Architecture for Regional Security in Africa: Counter-Terrorism and Counter-Insurgency in the Lake Chad Basin (Lexington Books, Lanham MD, USA, 2020). ​Prof Tar has consulted, or consults, for the Westminster Foundation

352 About the Contributors for Democracy (WFD, Nigeria), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, Nigeria), United States Institute for Peace (Nigeria Office) and Konrad Adaneur Stiftung (German Development Fund, Nigeria). He also serves as visiting professor and external examiner to several institutions of higher learning in Nigeria and over- seas. Address: Centre for Defence Studies and Documentation, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna. email: [email protected]

Sharkdam Wapmuk (PhD) is an Associate Professor with the Department of Defence and Security Studies, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna. Formerly, Senior Research Fellow and Ag. Director of Research and Studies, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA), Lagos. Member, Nigerian Political Science Associa- tion (NPSA) and Nigerian Society of International Affairs (NSIA). Editor, African perspectives on ACP-EU Relations (with Sesay, A and Ugwuanyi, C.A.), Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 2020; Editor, Civil Society and National Security in Nigeria: A strategic analysis (with Kalu, E. N.), Lagos and Dallas: Concept Publications, 2020; Editor, Culture and Nigeria’s Foreign Relations in a Global- izing World (Edited with Louis Eriomala), Abuja: National Institute for Cultural Orientation -NICO, 2020; Editor, Nigeria’s Foreign Policy under the Administration of President : 2015-2019 (Bukar Bukarambe, Osita A. Agbu, and Tola Ilesanmi), Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 2020; Editor, Perspectives on Contemporary Nigerian Politics and International Relations: Essays in Honour of Professor Warisu Oyesina Alli (Edited with Usman A. Tar and Efem Nkam Ubi). Lagos and Kaduna: NIIA and NDA, 2020; Editor, Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta: The Internal and External Dimensions (Edited with Bukar Bukarambe and Osita Agbu). Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 2020. Former Editor, Nigerian Forum: A Journal of Opinion on World Affairs, published by the NIIA. Research Consultant for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) – UNDP, 2015; Samuel Hall FZE (Think Tank) -2017; Samuel Hall FZE (Think Tank) and International Organisation for Migration (IOM) -2018. He serves as Resource Person to several academic institutions in Nigeria. He has published numerous articles in journals and contributed book chapters on Nigerian foreign policy, security, cooperation and integration, Africa-India relations, think-tanks.

Benzhao Yang is an Associate Professor at Northwestern Polytechnical Uni- versity (NPU), China & Vice President at NPU Science Park. He also serves as a visiting scholar at Royal Docks School of Business & Law, University of East Lon- don. His research interests include knowledge management, Technology transfer, internationalization of SMEs, marketing, entrepreneurship .He regularly presented his projects at annual meetings of entrepreneurship and technology transfer. He published papers in Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Science

353 About the Contributors and Technology Management Research, Statistics and Decision and International Conference on Engineering Management and Service Sciences (EMS).

Gao Yang, studied at Shanghai Maritime university for BA, Renmin University of China and University of Westminster for MA, and studying at Jilin University for Doctor of Laws. He works as Research Fellow of China Center for Contemporary World Studies, Adjunct Research Professor of Institute for Global cooperation and Understanding, Peking University and MA Tutor of Central University of Finance and Economics. He focuses on the Sino-American relationship, Great power strategy and the risks and challenges of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

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