First Record of Colotrechnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) from China, with Description of One Newly-Recorded Species and a Key to Known Species

Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(2): 134–140 ISSN 1000–7482

First record of Colotrechnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) from China, with description of one newly-recorded species and a key to known species

LI Qin1, 2, HU Hongying1, LI Zi2, XIAO Hui2①

1. College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xingjiang 830046, China 2. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Abstract: The genus Colotrechnus in the Colotrechninae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) with the new recorded species Colotrechnus viridis (Masi) is reported from China for the first time. It is also a new record for the subfamily Colotrechninae. Morphological descriptions, distribution and morphological figures are provided. The world species are differentiated in a key, the first provided for this genus. Type specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Key words: Apocrita; Colotrechninae; taxonomy; key CLC number: Q969.54+6.5 Document code: A Article ID: 1000-7482(2014)02-0134-07

短痣金小蜂属中国首次记录及分种检索（膜翅目：小蜂总科：金小蜂科）

李勤 1, 2，胡红英 1，李子 2，肖晖 2① 1. 新疆大学生命科学与技术学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046；2. 中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学院级重点实验室，北京 100101

摘要：记录短痣金小蜂亚科 Colotrechninae（小蜂总科：金小蜂科）中国 1 新纪录属：短痣金小蜂属 Colotrechnus Thomson，及中国 1 新纪录种：绿短痣金小蜂 Colotrechnus viridis (Masi)。这是短痣金小蜂亚科在中国的首次记录，提供了形态描述、分布及形态特征图，同时提供了短痣金小蜂属世界已知 6 种的分种检索表。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。

关键词：细腰亚目；短痣金小蜂亚科；分类；检索表

Introduction

Thomson (1876) established the subfamily Colotrechninae as a subdivision of the Pteromalidae. Subsequently, Ashmead (1899) treated the group as a subfamily of Cleonymidae. More recently it was placed as a tribe under Pteromalidae (Bouček 1958) and later upgraded to

Received 9 January 2014. Published 25 June 2014 ①Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]

LI et al. Colotrechnus from China 135 a subfamily (Peck et al. 1964). The subfamily is now divided into five tribes by Bouček in 1988: Hetreulophini, Amerostenini, Divnini, Colotrechnini and Uzkini. This whole group can be simply characterized by the presence of large axillulae separated from the scutellum by (mostly) outcurving grooves or lines visible dorsally, and by the absence of an occipital carina (Bouček 1988). To date, 19 valid genera have been described in this subfamily (Noyes 2013). They are widely distributed in the world (Noyes 2013). Among them, Colotrechnus is the best known genus of Colotrechninae. Until now, 6 species have been described in this genus. Three species, C. ignotus, C. subcoeruleus and C. viridis, were recorded from the Holarctic Region. Two species, C. agromyzae and C. melghatlcus, were reported from Oriental Region, and C. notaularis from the Australasian Region. Species of Colotrechnus were reported as parasitoids of Diptera (Tephritidae, Agromyzidae) on associated plant (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae) (Noyes 2013, Bouček 1988, Burks 1979, Goeden et al. 1994, Berg et al. 1995, Goeden & Teerink 1998). Apparently these wasps are potential enemies of some species of Diptera. Until recently, no species or genera of Colotrechninae have been reported from China. During a biodiversity expedition of the Junggar Basin in north of Xinjiang, individuals of Colotrechnus were found for the first time in China. In this study, Colotrechninae is recorded from China for the first time, with description of Colotrechnus viridis (Masi).

Material and methods

All specimens were swept using an insect net and preserved in 75% ethanol. They were subsequently air dried, point-mounted, and examined with a Leica MZ APO stereomicroscope. Photographs were obtained using a Nikon Multizoom AZ100 system, and plates of illustrations were compiled using Adobe Photoshop software. Morphological terminology follows that of Bouček (1988) and Gibson et al. (1997). All specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Description

Colotrechnus Thomson, 1878, new record for China Colotrechnus Thomson, 1878: 46. Type-species: C. subcoeruleus Thomson, by monotypy; Schmiedeknecht, 1909: 289; Delucchi, 1956: 233; Peck et al., 1964: 41; Graham, 1969: 850; Bouček, 1988: 281; Bouček, 1993: 1304. Zanonia Masi, 1921: 184. Type-species: Z. viridis Masi, by monotypy. Synonymized with Colotrechnus Thomson by Delucchi, 1956. Diagnosis. Body long and slightly slender, metallic dark green. Head and thorax finely reticulate, head with occipital carina absent. Face with scrobes deep and broad or very shallow; lower face with a slight depression below toruli; clypeus flat and small. Antennae inserted slightly below center of face, above lower ocular line; formula 11263 (11353 in males and in some small females of Australian spp.) (Bouček 1988); flagellum short and compact, with dense hairs. Pronotum short and rounded, almost as broad as mesoscutum, collar carina absent; notauli very shallow and incomplete, sometimes complete in Australian species (Bouček 1988). Scutellum dorsally with conspicuously sublateral grooves (Figs. 1, 4, 7, 11).

136 Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(2): 134–140

Propodeum very short in females, much longer in males and median carina complete in males; spiracle large and subcircular. Fore wing with 3 usually distinct folds, sometimes marked by conspicuous hairlines, radiating from the short clavate stigma (Bouček 1988). Hind tibia with 2 spurs. Gaster lanceolate, much longer than thorax; gaster sessile; basal tergites often slightly produced in middle (Fig. 3); ovipositor either produced or not produced. Biology. Bouček (1988) stated that one species was reared from pods of Glaucinia flava (Papaverales: Papaveraceae) in France, and another species, C. agromyzae Subba Rao, was allegedly reared in Indonesia from Agromyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae). A North American species has been found to emerge from the heads of some Asteraceae (Dicotyledones: Asterales) (Noyes 2013). Distribution. All regions in the world. Key to species of Colotrechnus worldwide 1. Pronotum as long as half length of mesoscutum in dorsal view, antennal insertion almost near centre of face ······································································································Colotrechnus melghatlcus Narendran & Girish -. Pronotum much shorter than half length of mesoscutum in dorsal view (Figs. 3, 4, 11), antennal insertion well lower than centre of face (Figs. 2, 9)············································································································ 2 2. Each funicular segment transverse (Fig. 2) ········································································································ 3 -. Each funicular segment longer than broad or square (Figs. 10, 12) ···································································· 5 3. Notauli complete; lower face distinctly reticulate············································ Colotrechnus notaularis Bouček -. Notauli incomplete (Fig. 11), only distinct anteriorly; lower face with shallow reticulation····························· 4 4. Eyes with hairs; mesoscutum with sparse, short and appressed pubescence; POL 2× OOL······························· ·····································································································································Colotrechnus ignotus Burks -. Eyes bare (Figs. 9, 10); mesoscutum smooth without hairs; POL 3.14× OOL······· Colotrechnus viridis (Masi) 5. Fore wing with a dark spot or infumation below marginal vein (Fig. 8), marginal vein 2.38× postmarginal vein ··········································································································· Colotrechnus subcoeruleus Thompson -. Fore wing without any infumation, marginal vein 3× postmarginal vein ····························································· ·······················································································································Colotrechnus agromyzae Subba Rao

Colotrechnus viridis (Masi, 1921) (Figs. 1–7) Zanonia viridis Masi, 1921. Colotrechnus viridis (Masi) Delucchi 1956: 233; Graham 1969: 851; Bouček 1993: 1304; Narendran & Girish, 2009: 30. Female. Body length 1.8–3.0 mm, metallic dark green with shine (Fig. 1). Eye bare, without hair and ocellus hyaline, yellow; antenna black except scape and pedicel green with metallic gloss; wing hyaline; tegula dark green with shine; coxa, femur and tibia dark green; tarsus faint yellow, telotarsus black. Head in front view (Fig. 2) about 1.07× as wide as high, face smooth with reticulate; antennal scrobe broad and deep, smooth and bare on the bottom; lower face faintly concave, with white densely appressed pubescence; clypeal margin truncate. Antennae inserted slightly below centre of face, but well above lower ocular line; flagellum with white dense hairs; scape short, not reaching lower margin of anterior ocellus; pedicel longer than length of fu1 (about 1.57×); each funicular segment short and transverse, wider than its length respectively; fu1 1.29× as broad as long, about 1.4× as long as fu2, fu2 about 1.8× as broad as long; pedicle and flagellum combined about 0.9× as long as head width. Head in lateral view (Figs. 1, 4), eye height 1.57× eye width and about 3.0× malar space; malar sulcus distinct, genal carina absent.

LI et al. Colotrechnus from China 137

Head in dorsal view (Fig. 3) about 3.81× as broad as long; the angle between anterior ocellus and posterior ocelli a little more than right-angle, POL 3.14× OOL.

Figures 1–7. Colotrechnus viridis (Masi). 1–5(♀). 1. Body, lateral view; 2. Head, front view; 3. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 4. Head and thorax, lateral view; 5. Fore wing; 6, 7(♂). 6. Head, front view; 7. Head, lateral view, and thorax, dorsal view. Mesosoma (Fig. 3) in dorsal view slightly broader than head width (1.08×); pronotum rounded, with distinct neck and collar, anterior margin of collar not margined, posterior margin reticulate, smooth without hairs; mesoscutum with raised-reticulate, about 1.51× as broad as long; notauli very shallow and incomplete; scutellum smooth with delicate reticulation, about 1.3× as long as broad, with conspicuously sublateral grooves, axillula with obviously longitudinal carina (Figs. 1, 4); frenal area absent; propodeum very short, almost reduced to a point, median area smooth and bare, forming a acute triangle area, submedian area with white dense hairs; plica absent; propodeal spiracles large and subcircular, touching anterior propodeal margin, long diameter about 1.5× length of short diameter. Mesosoma in lateral view (Fig. 4) both prepectus and tegula large; prepectus much longer than tegula (1.5×),

138 Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(2): 134–140 prepectus about 1.69× as long as broad, tegula about 1.8× as long as broad. Fore wing with marginal vein obviously longer than postmarginal vein (2.75×); postmarginal vein slightly longer than stigmal vein (1.33×); stigmal vein very short, stigma slightly capitate (Fig. 5). Legs stout, hind coxae obviously enlarged and lengthened and approximately triangular in cross-section; both fore and hind femora enlarged, subflattened, but hind femora much larger than fore femora; all tibia with densely silvery hairs, hind tibia with 2 spurs. Gaster elongate-acuminate, without petiole, about 3.07× as long as broad, about 2.19× as long as thorax length; Gt1 and Gt2 each with hind margins in middle portion rounded produced. Male. Body length 1.1–2.0 mm, dark green with metallic gloss, others same with female. Antennal (Figs. 6, 7) flagellum short and compact, with densely white hairs, each funicular segment transverse, wider than its length respectively, fu1 about 1.43× as broad as long, fu2 about 2.2× as broad as long; pedicle and flagellum combined about 0.88× head width. Mesosoma (Fig. 7) in dorsal view, head width slightly wider than mesoscutum width (1.06×); posterior margin of collar and anterior part of mesonotum with sparse, silvery hairs. Propodeum obviously longer than female, about 0.3× as long as scutellum length; median carina complete, posterior margin of median carina bifurcate; median area smooth and bare, forming a triangle area. Fore wing with marginal vein 2.5× postmarginal vein, postmarginal vein 1.43× stigmal vein. Gaster long-oval, about 2× as long as its broad, 1.2× as long as thorax length.

Figures 8–12. Colotrechnus subcoeruleus Thomson. 8–11(♀). 8. Body, lateral view; 9. Head, front view; 10. Head and thorax, lateral view; 11.Thorax, dorsal view; 12(♂). Head and antennae, lateral view. Specimens examined. China: 26♀17♂, Xinjiang, Shihezi, 441 m, 22-VII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 6♀1♂, Xinjiang, Shihezi, 367 m, 22-VII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 2♀, Xinjiang, Shihezi, 379 m, 21-VII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 2♀, Xinjiang, Karamay, 275 m,

LI et al. Colotrechnus from China 139

24-VII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 6♀2♂, Xinjiang, Urho zhen, 371 m, 23-VII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 8♂, Xinjiang, Hami, 553 m, 01-VIII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 1♀, Xinjiang, Kuytun, 353 m, 22-VII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 1♀, Xinjiang, Kuytun, 276 m, 23-VII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 2♂, Xinjiang, Hami, 607 m, 01-VIII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 1♂, Xinjiang, Barkol, 1687 m, 31-VII-2012, coll. Hongying HU; 1♀, Xinjiang, Shihezi, 363 m, 21-VII-2012, coll. Hongying HU. Cyprus: 1♀, Zakaki, 11-VII-1934, coll. C. A. Mavromoustakls, det. Bouček, 1962; 1♂, Llmassol, 29-V-1934, coll. C. A. Mavromoustakls, det. Bouček, 1962. Diagnosis. This species is similar to Colotrechnus ignotus Burks (Burks, 1958), but can be identified by the eyes without hair, POL 3.14× OOL and mesoscutum smooth without hairs (in C. ignotus eyes with hairs, POL 2× OOL and mesoscutum with sparser hairs). This species also differs from Colotrechnus subcoeruleus Thomson (material examined: 1♀, Spain: Murcia, Sra. De Espuna nr. Totana, 20-VI-1973, coll. Bouček, det. Bouček, 1973; 1♂, Spain: Castellon, Benicasim, 13–15-VI-1973, coll. Bouček, det. Bouček, 1973) in that each funicular segment transverse, and fore wing without infumation below marginal vein. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. China (Xinjiang); Palearctic; Nearctic and Afrotropical Regions.

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Dr. P. M. Sureshan for his kind help in providing references. This research was supported by the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U170305) and the Basic Research Project of Science and Technology of China (2012FY111100, 2011FY120200).

References

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