Notes

Prologue

1 Charles Kean, a letter to Mary Anne Skerret, 3 July 1855, Royal Archives Add X/85. Further material from the Royal Archives will be abbreviated ‘RA’. 2 John Cam Hobhouse (Lord Broughton) diary entry, 14 November 1837, quoted in John Cam Hobhouse, Recollections of a Long Life, 5 vols. (London: W. Clowes & Sons, 1865–7), V, p. 101. 3 Royal Archives Queen Victoria’s Journal 6 February 1852. Subsequent references to Queen Victoria’s journal will be abbreviated ‘RA QVJ’. 4 RA QVJ, 18 June 1853. 5 RA QVJ, 30 March 1859. 6 RA QVJ, 28 April 1856. 7 Benita Stoney and Heinrich C. Weltzein, eds., My Mistress the Queen: The Letters of Frieda Arnold, Dresser to Queen Victoria 1854–9, trans. Sheila de Bellaigue (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1994), pp. 148–9. 8 RA QVJ, 20 February 1855. 9 RA QVJ, 18 February 1856. 10 Victoria’s extensive collection of playbills, programmes and playscripts is carefully preserved in the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle. 11 James I and VI, Basilikon Doron, cited in Stephen Orgel, The Illusion of Power: Political Theater in the English Renaissance (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1975), p. 42. 12 King Leopold of the Belgians, a letter to Princess Victoria, 7 October 1836; cited in Lynne Vallone, Becoming Victoria (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 199. 13 Walter Bagheot, The English Constitution (London, 1867; Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1963), pp. 64, 97. 14 Edmund Gosse and Mary Ponsonby, ‘The Character of Queen Victoria’, Quarterly Review 193 (January–June 1901) 311.

1 Paying a Visit to the Crown

1 RA QVJ, 2 June 1841. 2 RA QVJ, 4 June 1841. 3 RA QVJ, 2 June 1841. 4 RA QVJ, 9 June 1851.

203 204 Notes

5 RA QVJ, 9 June 1856. 6 Dutton Cook, Hours with the Players, 2 vols. (London: Chatto & Windus, 1881), II, p. 209. 7 Charles Greville, The Greville Memoirs, 1814–1860, 8 vols., eds. Lytton Strachey and Roger Fulford (London, 1938), IV, p. 383. 8 Cited in Rachel M. Brownstein, Tragic Muse: Rachel of the Comédie-Française (Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 1995), p. 141. 9 Spectator, 24 February 1844. 10 Cited in Stanley Weintraub, Victoria: Biography of a Queen (London: Allen & Unwin, 1987), p. 179. 11 Raymund Fitzsimons, Barnum in London (London: Geoffrey Bles, 1969), p. 90. 12 Cited in Weintraub, Victoria, p. 179. 13 Cited in Fitzsimons, Barnum in London, p. 93. 14 P.T. Barnum, a letter to Edward Everett, 23 March 1844, cited in Selected Letters of P.T. Barnum ed. A.H. Saxon (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983), pp. 24–5. 15 RA QVJ, 23 March 1844. 16 RA QVJ, 1 April 1844. 17 RA QVJ, 1 April 1844. 18 Cited in Fitzsimons, Barnum in London, p. 103. 19 Marie, Queen of Rumania, The Story of My Life, 2 vols. (London, 1934), I, p. 255. 20 Cited in Weintraub, Victoria, p. 578. 21 RA QVJ, 22 April 1897. 22 Lady Lytton, diary entry for 22 April 1897, in Lady Lytton’s Court Diary, ed. Mary Lutyens (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1961), p. 102. 23 Frederick Ponsonby, Recollections of Three Reigns (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1951), p. 38. 24 Ibid., p. 38. 25 Walter Goodman, The Keeleys on the Stage and at Home (London: Richard Bentley, 1895), p. 328. 26 Cited in ibid., p. 329. 27 Cited in ibid., p. 331. 28 Cited in ibid., p. 329. 29 Cited in ibid., p. 329. 30 RA QVJ, 15 February 1851. 31 RA QVJ, 14 January 1853. 32 Cited in Goodman, The Keeleys, p. 330. 33 RA QVJ, 21 February 1852. 34 RA QVJ, 6 March 1895. Victoria mistakenly refers to the play in question as School. 35 ‘The Queen and Mrs. Keeley’, The Theatre (1 April 1895), 198. 36 Era, 23 November 1895. 37 ‘The Queen and Mrs. Keeley’, The Theatre (1 April 1895), 198. 38 RA QVJ, 6 March 1895.

2 En Amateur

1 Queen Victoria, a letter to the Princess Frederick, 9 March 1870; cited in Elizabeth Longford, Victoria R.I. (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 377. 2 RA QVJ, 26 August 1852. Notes 205

3 RA QVJ, 16 January 1854. 4 RA QVJ, 10 February 1852. 5 RA QVJ, 10 February 1852. 6 RA QVJ, 10 February 1852. 7 RA QVJ, 11 January 1853. 8 RA QVJ, 11 January 1853. 9 Theatrical Journal, 9 February 1853. 10 RA QVJ, 6 January 1852. 11 RA QVJ, 30 January 1855. 12 RA QVJ, 9 February 1856 and 10 February 1860. 13 RA QVJ, 2 May 1854. 14 RA QVJ, 28 April 1856. See also Delia Millar, The Victorian Watercolours and Drawings in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen, 2 vols. (London: Philip Wilson, 1995), I, p. 407. 15 RA QVJ, 26 August 1852. 16 RA QVJ, 10 February 1854. 17 RA QVJ, 2 January 1865. 18 Anon., The Private Life of the Queen by a Member of the Royal Household (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1897), p. 100. 19 James Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, 1867–1953 (London: Unwin, 1959), p. 206. 20 Frederick Ponsonby, Recollections of Three Reigns (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1951), p. 51. 21 Harry J. Greenwall, The Strange Life of Willy Clarkson (London: John Long, Ltd, 1936), p. 51. 22 Ibid., p. 50. 23 RA QVJ, 20 January 1890. 24 RA QVJ, 6 October 1888. 25 RA QVJ, 20 January 1890. 26 RA QVJ, 6 January 1888. 27 Marie Mallet, a letter to Lady Elizabeth Biddulph, 3 January 1888, cited in Life with Queen Victoria: Marie Mallet’s Letters from Court 1887–1901, ed. Victor Mallet (London: John Murray, 1968), pp. 15–16. 28 RA QVJ, 6 January 1888. 29 RA QVJ, 5 October 1888. 30 RA QVJ, 6 October 1888. 31 RA QVJ, 24 May 1893. 32 Marie Bancroft and Squire Bancroft, The Bancrofts: Recollections of Sixty Years (London: John Murray, 1909), p. 313. 33 Cited in Michael Jamieson, ‘An American Actress at Balmoral’, Theatre Research International 2.2 (1977) 119. The conversation is recorded in Elizabeth Robins’ man- uscript account of the company’s visit to Balmoral, now held among her papers in the Fales Library at New York University. 34 Arthur Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria’s Private Secretary: His Life from his Letters (London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd, 1942), pp. 83–4. 35 Era, 28 October 1893. 36 RA QVJ, 17 October 1893. 37 RA QVJ, 22 and 24 October 1893. 38 RA QVJ, 30 October 1893. 39 Anon., The Private Life of the Queen, p. 100. 40 Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, p. 83. 206 Notes

41 E.E.P. Tisdall, Queen Victoria’s Private Life (New York: The John Day Co., 1962), pp. 164–5. 42 James Reid, a letter to Beatrice Reid, 30 September 1889, cited in Michaela Reid, Ask Sir James (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1987), p. 117. 43 Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, p. 84. 44 Ibid. 45 Greenwall, Willy Clarkson, p. 44. 46 Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, p. 84. 47 Tisdall, Queen Victoria’s Private Life, p. 165. 48 Cited in James Pope-Hennessy, ed. Queen Victoria at Windsor and Balmoral (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1959), p. 73. 49 Princess Victoria of Prussia, a letter to the Empress Frederick, 17 June 1889, cited in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Victoria at Windsor and Balmoral, pp. 76–7. 50 Princess Victoria of Prussia, a letter to the Empress Frederick, 19 June 1889, cited ibid., p. 78. 51 Princess Victoria of Prussia, a letter to the Empress Frederick, 21 June 1889, cited ibid., p. 80. 52 Princess Victoria of Prussia, a letter to the Empress Frederick, 22 June 1889, cited ibid., p. 81. 53 RA QVJ, 21 June 1889. 54 Princess Victoria of Prussia, a letter to the Empress Frederick, 23 June 1889, cited ibid., pp. 82–3. 55 RA QVJ, 22 June 1889. 56 Greenwall, Willy Clarkson, p. 45. 57 Cited in Seymour Hicks, Me and my Missus: Fifty Years on the Stage (London: Cassell and Company Ltd, 1939), p. 104. 58 Greenwall, Willy Clarkson, p. 42. 59 Ibid., p. 43.

3 Our Little Theatre

1 Charles Kean, a letter to Mary Chambers Kean, 13 July 1848, Y.c. 393 (130), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 2 RA QVJ, 28 December 1848. 3 Queen Victoria, a letter to the King of Prussia, 6 January 1849; quoted in Hector Bolitho, ed., Letters of Queen Victoria from the Archives of the House of Brandenburg- Prussia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1938), p. 14. 4 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Charles Kean, 20 December 1848, RA VIC Add X/11. 5 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Charles Kean, 5 March 1852, RA Add X/35. 6 Cited in John Cam Hobhouse (Lord Broughton), diary entry, 6 February 1852; in Recollections of a Long Life (London: W. Clowes & Sons, 1865–7), VI, p. 296. 7 RA QVJ, 4 February 1853 and 2 February 1854. 8 RA QVJ, 11 January 1849. 9 Era, 31 December 1848. 10 RA QVJ, 28 December 1848. 11 RA QVJ, 11 January 1849. 12 Illustrated London News, 9 February 1850. 13 RA QVJ, 28 December 1848. 14 Illustrated London News, 16 February 1850. Notes 207

15 Theatrical Chronicle, 30 December 1848. 16 RA QVJ, 28 December 1848. 17 RA QVJ, 10 November 1853. 18 Frederick Belton, Random Recollections of an Old Actor (London, 1880), p. 159. 19 RA QVJ, 21 November 1855. 20 Illustrated London News, 13 January 1849. 21 Belton, Random Recollections, pp. 159–60. 22 Charles Kean, a letter to Patty Chapman, 9 January 1853, RA Add X/48. 23 Era, 11 November 1855. 24 RA QVJ, 21 November 1855. 25 RA QVJ, 10 January 1856. 26 Thomas Grieve, a letter to Charles Kean, 18 October 1848, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 27 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Charles Kean, 15 October 1849, RA Add X/16. 28 George Ellis, ‘Expenses/Royal Dramatic Performances/Windsor Castle/Charles Kean Esq. Director’, W.b. 21, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 29 Ibid. 30 Ibid. 31 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Charles Kean, 29 December 1848, University of Rochester Library, Rochester, New York, cited in George Rowell, Queen Victoria Goes to the Theatre (London: Paul Elek, 1978), p. 63. 32 Walter Goodman, The Keeleys on Stage and at Home (London: Richard Bentley, 1895), p. 213. 33 General Sir Charles Grey, a letter to Charles Kean, 24 October 1856, Y.c. 1104 (1), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 34 Era, 4 February 1849. 35 W.B. Donne, a letter to General Sir Charles Grey, 6 December 1860, RA PP/ VIC/A246. 36 W.B. Donne, a letter to General Sir Charles Grey, 10 December 1860, RA PP/ VIC/A246. 37 Irene Vanbrugh, To Tell my Story (London: Hutchinson & Co., Ltd, 1948), p. 41. 38 Victoria, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 7 December 1859, RA PP/VIC/A246. 39 Victoria, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 13 December 1859, RA PP/VIC/A246. 40 W.B. Donne, a letter to General Sir Charles Grey, 10 December 1860, RA PP/VIC/A246. 41 RA QVJ, 26 March 1858. 42 RA QVJ, 11 January 1860. 43 John Kemble Chapman, A Complete History of Theatrical Entertainments … (London: John Mitchell, 1849), p. 78. 44 Cited in J.W. Cole, The Life and Theatrical Times of Charles Kean, F.S.A., 2 vols. (London: Richard Bentley, 1859), I, p. 352. 45 ‘Our London Commissioner’, Blackwood’s Magazine (April 1852) 466–7. 46 Charles Kean, a letter to W.C. Macready, 28 December 1849, cited in J.C. Trewin, ed., The Journal of William Charles Macready 1832–1851 (London: Longmans, 1967), p. 274. 47 W.C. Macready, diary entry, 28 December 1849, Frederic Toynbee, Macready’s Reminiscences, and Selections from his Diaries and Letters, 2 vols. (London: Macmillan and Co., 1875), II, p. 342 and Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 273. 48 W.C. Macready, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 28 December 1849, Y.c. 411 (124), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 208 Notes

49 W.C. Macready, diary entry, 1 February 1850; Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 276. 50 RA QVJ, 1 February 1850. 51 ’Her Majesty and the Drama’, John Bull, 26 August 1848. 52 John Bull, 13 October 1849. 53 Cited in ‘Her Majesty and the Drama’, John Bull, 26 August 1848. 54 Era, 31 December 1848. 55 Unidentified newspaper clipping, Charles Kean scrapbooks, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 56 The Times, 26 January 1849. 57 John Cam Hobhouse (Lord Broughton), diary entry, 6 February 1852; Recollections, VI, p. 296. 58 RA QVJ, 6 February 1852. 59 Punch 16 (January–June 1849) 16. 60 Charles Kean, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 22 June 1849, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 61 J.B. Buckstone, a letter to Charles Kean, 23 October 1848, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 62 Charles Kean, a letter to E.P. Addison [?], 19 December 1848, uncatalogued manu- script, The Harvard Theatre Collection, The Houghton Library. 63 Charles Kean, a letter to E.P. Addison [?], 26 December 1848, uncatalogued manu- script, The Harvard Theatre Collection, The Houghton Library. 64 Charles Kean, a letter to Emmeline Montague, 12 October 1848, bound in Ellis, ‘Expenses/Royal Dramatic Performances/Windsor Castle’. 65 Emmeline Montague, a letter to Charles Kean, 14 October 1848, uncatalogued man- uscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 66 John Anderson, a letter to Charles Kean, 30 August 1848, Y.c. 36 (7), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 67 John Anderson, a letter to Charles Kean, 30 August 1848, Y.c. 36 (7), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 68 Charles Kean, a letter to John Anderson, 1 September 1848, Y.c. 36 (7), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 69 John Coleman, Memoirs of Samuel Phelps (London: Remington & Co., Publishers, 1886), p. 228. 70 Cited in Robert Roxby, a letter to Charles Kean, 25 December 1855, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 71 Cited in Coleman, Memoirs of Samuel Phelps, p. 228. 72 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Charles Kean, 20 December 1848, RA Add X/11. 73 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Charles Kean, 14 November 1850, RA Add X/20. 74 ‘The Great Kean Monopoly’, Lloyd’s Weekly London Newspaper, 13 November 1853. 75 W.B. Donne, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 3 December 1859, RA PP/VIC A246. 76 W.B. Donne, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 25 February 1861, RA PP/VIC/1861/7061. 77 W.B. Donne, a letter to Frances Anne Kemble, 31 December 1860, W.b. 598, fol. 311, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 78 Charles Kean, a letter to W.B. Donne, 25 March 1860, Philbrick Library, Los Alto Hills, CA; cited in Rowell, Queen Victoria Goes to the Theatre, p. 64. 79 W.B. Donne, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 25 February 1861, RA PP/VIC/1861/7061. 80 C.B. Phipps, a letter to W.B. Donne, 26 February 1861, RA PP/VIC/1861/7061. 81 W.B. Donne, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 4 January 1861, RA PP/VIC/A246. 82 W.B. Donne, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 12 February 1861, RA PP/VIC/A246. 83 W.B. Donne, manuscript notes, RA PP/VIC/A246. Notes 209

84 W.B. Donne, a letter to Frances Anne Kemble, 20 November 1859, W.b. 598, fol. 293, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 85 W.B. Donne, a letter to Frances Anne Kemble, 1 April 1860, W.b. 598, fol. 299, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 86 W.B. Donne, a letter to Frances Anne Kemble, 21 January 1860, W.b. 598, fol. 297, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 87 W.B. Donne, a letter to Frances Anne Kemble, 20 December 1859, cited in William Bodham Donne and his Friends, ed. C.B. Johnson (London, 1905), pp. 234–5. 88 W.B. Donne, a letter to Frances Anne Kemble, 7 February 1861, W.b. 598, fol. 323, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC.

4 Hush Money

1 RA QVJ, 28 January 1857. 2 John Coleman, Memoirs of Samuel Phelps (London: Remington & Co., Publishers, 1886), p. 225. 3 Cited in ‘Royal Theatricals and Poor Actors’, Spectator, 7 February 1857. 4 Era, 15 February 1857. 5 E.E.P. Tisdall, Queen Victoria’s Private Life (New York: The John Day Co., 1962), p. 104. 6 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 3 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 7 The Dispatch, 8 February 1857. 8 The Times, cited in Ian Bevan, Royal Performance: The Story of Royal Theatregoing (London: Stratford Place, 1954), p. 165. 9 ‘Royal Theatricals and Poor Actors’, Spectator, 7 February 1857. 10 Era, 15 February 1857. 11 Tisdall, Queen Victoria’s Private Life, p. 104. 12 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 30 January 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 13 Alfred Wigan, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 31 January 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 14 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 3 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 15 Alfred Wigan, a letter to Charles Kean, 9 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 16 Charles Kean, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 11 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 17 Alfred Wigan, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 11 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 18 Alfred Wigan, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 11 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 19 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 12 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 20 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 12 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 21 Alfred Wigan, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 14 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 22 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 15 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 210 Notes

23 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 15 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 24 Alfred Wigan, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 17 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 25 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 15 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 26 James Rogers, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 12 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 27 James Rogers, a letter to Alfred Wigan, n.d. [17/18 February 1857?], uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 28 Alfred Wigan, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 18 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 29 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Alfred Wigan, 19 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London. 30 Alfred Wigan, a letter to C.B. Phipps, 23 February 1857, uncatalogued manuscript, Windsor Theatricals file, Theatre Museum, London.

5 Suspended, not Destroyed

1 RA QVJ 15 March 1861. 2 Victoria, a letter to Sir Henry Ponsonby, 26 February 1886, cited in Arthur Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria’s Private Secretary: His Life from His Letters (London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd, 1942), p. 78. 3 Ibid., p. 82. 4 Henry Elliott, ‘The Stage under Victoria’, The Theatre (1 November 1896) 242. 5 Athenaeum, 12 February 1881. 6 Era, 8 October 1881. 7 The Theatre, 1 September 1881. 8 Era, 8 October 1881. 9 The Theatre, 1 September 1881. 10 Ibid. 11 RA QVJ, 4 October 1881. 12 Cited in Michael Jamieson, ‘An American Actress at Balmoral’, Theatre Research International 2.2 (1977) 126. 13 See T. Edgar Pemberton, John Hare, Comedian (London, 1895), pp. 137–8. 14 Madge Kendal, Dame Madge Kendal, by Herself (London: John Murray, 1933), p. 206. 15 Ibid. 16 Ibid., p. 207. 17 Ibid. 18 Ibid. 19 Ibid., pp. 208–9. 20 RA QVJ, 1 February 1887. 21 Pemberton, John Hare, p. 176. 22 Ibid., p. 177. 23 Ibid., p. 178. 24 Marie Bancroft and Squire Bancroft, The Bancrofts: Recollections of Sixty Years (London: John Murrary, 1909), p. 339. Notes 211

25 Cited in ibid., p. 313. 26 See Johnston Forbes-Robertson, A Player under Three Reigns (London: T. Fisher Unwin Ltd, 1925), p. 145, and Jamieson, ‘An American Actress at Balmoral’, 121. 27 Cited in Jamieson, ‘An American Actress at Balmoral’, 120. 28 Ibid., 122. 29 Cited in ibid. 30 Cited in ibid., 123. 31 RA QVJ, 19 October 1893. 32 Forbes-Robertson, A Player under Three Reigns, p. 145. 33 RA QVJ, 26 October 1893. 34 Cited in Jamieson, ‘An American Actress at Balmoral’, 125. 35 Ibid. 36 Cited in Bancroft and Bancroft, Recollections, p. 314. 37 RA QVJ, 26 October 1893. 38 RA QVJ, 15 January 1857. 39 Cited in Bancroft and Bancroft, Recollections, p. 315. 40 Cited in Jamieson, ‘An American Actress at Balmoral’, 126. 41 Era, 29 September 1894. 42 RA QVJ, 25 September 1894. 43 Cited in the Era, 29 September 1894. 44 Kinsey Peile, Candied Peel: Tales without Prejudice (London: A. & C. Black, 1931), p. 142. 45 Ibid., p. 145. 46 Ibid., p. 146. 47 RA QVJ, 16 September 1895. 48 Peile, Candied Peel, p. 143. 49 Ibid., p. 147. 50 Ibid., p. 148. 51 RA QVJ, 22 January 1896. 52 Cited in The Theatre (1 March 1896) 179. 53 Henry Elliott, ‘Royalty and Theatre-Closing’, The Theatre (1 March 1896) 155. 54 Ibid., 156.

6 For One Night Only

1 Quoted in Laurence Irving, Henry Irving: The Actor and his World (London: Faber and Faber, 1951), pp. 511–12. 2 Illustrated London News, 20 April 1889. 3 ‘The Queen’s Gift to Mr. Irving and Miss Terry. (By One Who Was There)’, Pall Mall Gazette, 27 April 1889. 4 Bram Stoker, Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving, 2 vols. (London: Macmillan, 1906), II, p. 213. 5 Era, 4 May 1889. 6 Pall Mall Gazette, 27 April 1889. 7 Era, 4 May 1889. 8 Stoker, Henry Irving, II, p. 214. 9 Ibid. 212 Notes

10 RA QVJ, 26 April 1889. Victoria mistakenly combined the names of the two French playwrights Emile Erckmann and Pierre Alexandre Chatrian. 11 Quoted in Madeleine Bingham, Henry Irving and The Victorian Theatre (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1978), p. 240. 12 Era, 4 May 1889. 13 Ibid. 14 The Theatre, 1 June 1889. 15 Era, 4 May 1889. 16 Athenaeum, 27 April 1889. 17 Stoker, Henry Irving, II, p. 218. 18 Athenaeum, 18 March 1893. 19 Austin Brereton, The Life of Henry Irving, 2 vols. (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1908), II, p. 185. 20 ‘Becket at Windsor Castle’, Era, 25 March 1893. 21 Unattributed newspaper clipping, Bram Stoker Collection, Shakespeare Centre Library, Stratford-upon-Avon. 22 Gordon Craig, Index to the Story of My Days (London: Hulton Press, 1957), p. 144. 23 Era, 25 March 1893. 24 Unattributed newspaper clipping, Bram Stoker Collection, Shakespeare Centre Library, Stratford-upon-Avon. 25 Anon., The Private Life of the Queen by a Member of the Royal Household (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1897), p. 102. 26 RA QVJ, 18 March 1893. 27 Craig, Index to the Story of My Days, p. 145. 28 Ibid. 29 RA QVJ, 18 March 1893. 30 Delia Millar, Victorian Watercolours and Drawings, I, p. 208. The sketch is preserved in Queen Victoria’s ‘Theatrical Album’. 31 RA QVJ, 18 March 1893. 32 Stoker, Henry Irving, II, p. 221. 33 Era, 4 March 1893.

7 At the Play

1 Elizabeth, Lady Holland, a letter to Henry Edward Fox, 9 January 1839, cited in Elizabeth, Lady Holland to her Son, ed. The Earl of Ilchester (London: John Murray, 1946), p. 172. 2 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Victoria, 10 March 1852, cited in Queen Victoria’s Early Letters, ed. John Raymond (1907; London: B.T. Batsford Ltd, 1963), p. 190. 3 W.C. Macready, journal entry, 18 November 1839, cited in J.C. Trewin, Journal of William Charles Macready 1832–1851 (London: Longmans, 1967), p. 132. 4 W.C. Macready, journal entry, 7 March 1839, cited in ibid., p. 133. 5 Charles Kean, a letter to Col. Dickinson, 5 July 1857, Y.c. 393 (67), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 6 W.C. Macready, journal entry, 13 November 1837, cited in Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 109. 7 W.C. Macready, journal entry, 14 November 1837, cited in ibid., p. 109. 8 W.C. Macready, journal entries 23 and 29 January 1839, cited in ibid., p. 131. Notes 213

9 W.C. Macready, diary entry 12 June 1843, cited in ibid., p. 212. 10 W.C. Macready, diary entry, 27 July 1838, cited in ibid., pp. 100–1. 11 Cited in ibid., p. 102. 12 W.C. Macready, diary entry 24 August 1838, cited in ibid., p. 102. 13 RA QVJ, 15 November 1837. 14 W.C. Macready, diary entry 15 November 1837, cited in Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 109. 15 RA QVJ, 21 March 1854. 16 Cited in Ian Bevan, Royal Performances: The Story of Royal Theatregoing (London: Stratford Place, 1954), p. 142. 17 RA QVJ, 15 February 1851. 18 Irene Vanbrugh, To Tell my Story (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1948), pp. 41–2. Vanbrugh had the story on good authority since Agnes Robertson was her mother- in-law. 19 RA QVJ, 3 March 1840. 20 RA QVJ, 21 March 1854. 21 W.C. Macready, diary entry 1 February 1839; cited in Trewin, Journal of William Charles Macready, p. 131. 22 Alfred Bunn, The Stage: Both Before and Behind the Curtain, 3 vols (London: Richard Bentley, 1840), III, p. 59. 23 Cited in Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Esher, eds., The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1st ser., 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1908), I, p. 266. 24 Cited in ibid., I, p. 272. 25 The Times, 5 February 1839. 26 Morning Post, 1 March 1840. 27 Uncatalogued manuscript, 30 March 1860, The Harvard Theatre Collection, The Houghton Library. 28 Queen Victoria, a letter to the Princess Royal, 3 June 1859, cited in Roger Fulford, ed., Dearest Child: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the Princess Royal (1964; London: Evans Bros., 1977), p. 194. 29 RA QVJ, 7 July 1859. 30 RA QVJ, 9 March 1839. 31 W.C. Macready, diary entry 18 December 1837, cited in Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 110. 32 RA QVJ, 15 November 1837. 33 Morning Post, 18 November 1837. 34 The Times, 18 November 1837. 35 ‘G.B’, a letter in The Times, 31 January 1839. 36 Bunn, The Stage, II, pp. 286–8. 37 W.C. Macready, diary entry 17 November 1837, cited in Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 109. 38 Cited in Benson and Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, I, pp. 236–7. 39 Unidentified newspaper clipping, 27 February 1840, bound in RA QVJ January–June 1840, fol. 117. 40 RA QVJ, 26 February 1840. 41 The Times, 1 March 1840. 42 RA QVJ, 28 February 1840. 43 W.C. Macready, diary entry, 1 February 1839, cited in Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 131. 44 RA QVJ, 1 February 1839. 214 Notes

8 The Lions Repaid All

1 RA QVJ, 10 January 1839. 2 RA QVJ, 10 January 1839. 3 RA QVJ, 29 January 1839. 4 RA QVJ, 23 February 1839. 5 Ephraim Watts, The Life of Van Amburgh: The Brute-Tamer! (London: Robert Tyas, n.d.), p. 42. 6 RA QVJ, 10 January 1839. 7 RA QVJ, 29 January 1839. 8 RA QVJ, 24 January 1839. 9 Alfred Bunn, The Stage: Both Before and Behind the Curtain (London: Richard Bentley, 1840), III, p. 113. 10 RA QVJ, 24 January 1839. 11 RA QVJ, 24 January 1839. 12 W.C. Macready, journal entry, 24 January 1839, cited in J. C. Trewin, ed., Journal of William Charles Macready (London: Longmans, 1967), p. 131. 13 Bunn, The Stage, III, p. 118. 14 RA QVJ, 24 January 1839. 15 Bunn, The Stage, III p. 118. 16 Ibid., p. 119. 17 Ibid. 18 RA QVJ, 29 January 1839. 19 The Times, 30 January 1839. 20 W.C. Macready, journal entry, 2 February 1839, cited in Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 132. 21 Charles Dickens, a letter to W.C. Macready, cited in Stanley Weintraub, Victoria: Biography of a Queen (London: Allen & Unwin, 1987), p. 117. 22 Athenaeum, 19 October 1839. 23 Spectator, 26 January 1839. 24 Spectator, 2 February 1839. 25 Watts, Life of Van Amburgh, pp. 34–5. 26 Bunn, The Stage, III, p. 113. 27 W.C. Macready, journal entry, 25 January 1839, cited in Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 131. 28 The Times, 2 February 1839. 29 Morning Post, 2 February 1839. 30 W.C. Macready, journal entry, 2 February 1839, cited in Trewin, Journal of Macready, p. 132. 31 W.C. Macready, journal entry, 1 February 1839, cited in ibid., p. 131. 32 Cited in the Spectator, 2 February 1839. 33 RA QVJ, 1 February 1839. 34 Bunn, The Stage, III, p. 119. 35 Ibid., p. 121. 36 Ibid., pp. 120–1. 37 Anon., A Brief Biographical Sketch of I. A. Van Amburgh (New York: Samuel Booth, n.d.), p. v. 38 Watts, Life of Van Amburgh, p. 36. 39 Anon., Biographical Sketch, p. 13. 40 Genesis 1:28. Notes 215

41 Isaiah 11:6. 42 RA QVJ, 24 February 1839. 43 John Cam Hobhouse, Recollections of a Long Lfe, 5 vols (London: W. Clowes & Sons, 1865–7), V, p. 172. 44 Bunn, The Stage, III, p. 119. 45 Hobhouse, Recollections, V, p. 174. 46 John Tryon, An Illustrated History, and Full and Accurate Description of the Wild Beasts … (New York: Jonas Booth, 1846), p. 5. 47 RA QVJ, 10 January 1839.

9 Royally to Play a Native Part

1 Victoria, a letter to Lord Melbourne, 15 March 1848, cited in Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Esher, The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1st ser., 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1908), II, pp. 164–5. 2 Prince Albert, a letter to Lord John Russell, 10 April 1848, cited in ibid., II, p. 168. 3 Victoria, a letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, 11 April 1848, cited in Giles St. Aubyn, Queen Victoria: a Portrait (New York: Athenaeum, 1992), p. 223. 4 Theatrical Times, 21 September 1848. 5 Unattributed clipping, 15 January 1871, Theatrical Miscellany Scrapbook 11, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 6 Theatrical Journal, 8 June 1848. 7 Cited in Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates 3rd ser. vol. XCIX (29 May–30 June 1848) 715. 8 ‘The Antigallican “O.P.” Row’, Spectator, 17 June 1848. 9 Cited in Douglas R. Vander Yacht, ‘Queen Victoria’s Patronage of Charles Kean, Actor-Manager’, unpublished PhD dissertation, Ohio State University, 1971, p. 98. 10 Athenaeum, 17 June 1848. 11 Theatrical Times, 23 December 1848. 12 Athenaeum, 15 July and 17 June 1848. 13 RA QVJ, 19 January 1847. 14 Era, 21 August 1859. 15 Charles Kean, a letter to Lord Normanby, July 1856, Y.c. 393 (169a–c), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 16 Charles Kean, a letter to Miss Boyle, 24 June 1848, uncatalogued manuscript, Harvard Theatre Collection, The Houghton Library. 17 Spectator, 8 July 1848. 18 Punch 15 ( July–December 1848) 98. 19 Athenaeum, 1 July 1848. 20 Morning Post, 11 July 1848. 21 Athenaeum, 15 July 1848. 22 RA QVJ, 10 July 1848. 23 W.C. Macready, diary entry 10 July 1848, cited in J.C. Trewin, ed., The Journal of Macready 1832–1851 (London: Longmans, 1967), p. 251. 24 W.C. Macready, diary entry 10 July 1848, cited in ibid., p. 251. 25 Morning Post, 11 July 1848. 26 Anon., ‘The Queen’s Visit’, ‘Native Drama. Six Haymarket Sonnets’, Y.d. 383, fol. 12, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 27 Spectator, 15 July 1848. 28 Punch 14 (January–June 1848) 214. 216 Notes

29 Punch 15 (July–December 1848) 32. 30 Anon., ‘The Acting. Native Art’, ‘Native Drama. Six Haymarket Sonnets’, Y.d. 383, fol. 12, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 31 John Kemble Chapman, A Complete History of Theatrical Entertainments … (London: John Mitchell, 1849), p. 37. 32 Anon., ‘The English Manager. Royal Patronage’, ‘Native Drama. Six Haymarket Sonnets’, Y.d. 383, fol. 12, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 33 Victoria, a letter to Leopold, King of the Belgians, 11 July 1848, cited in Benson and Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, II, pp. 183–4.

10 Little People (Good and Bad)

1 RA QVJ, 25 January 1858. 2 Theatrical Journal, 3 February 1858. 3 J.W. Cole, The Life and Theatrical Times of Charles Kean, F.S.A., 2 vols (London: Richard Bentley, 1859), II, p. 232. 4 Charles Kean, a letter to John Mitchell, 30 December 1857, Charles Kean autograph file, Theatre Museum, London. 5 Cited in Cole, Life and Theatrical Times of Charles Kean, II, p. 245. Cole claims to have witnessed the exchange. 6 Theatrical Journal, 3 February 1858. 7 The Times, 20 January 1858. 8 Globe, 14 January 1858. 9 ‘The Quasi Court Theatricals’, Era, 10 January 1858. 10 The Times, 20 January 1858. 11 Leader, 23 January 1858. 12 Builder, 23 January 1858. 13 Examiner, 16 January 1858. 14 Court Circular, 16 January 1858. 15 Theatrical Journal, 17 February 1858. 16 Literary Gazette, 16 January 1858. 17 Theatrical Journal, 17 February 1858. 18 Examiner, 16 January 1858. 19 Leader, 30 January 1858. 20 Literary Gazette, 23 January 1858. 21 Literary Gazette, 23 January 1858. 22 Literary Gazette, 30 January 1858. 23 Theatrical Journal, 3 February 1858. 24 Era, 24 January 1858. 25 Builder, 23 January 1858. 26 Saturday Review, 23 January 1858. 27 The Times, 20 January 1858. 28 The Times, 20 January 1858. 29 Theatrical Journal, 3 February 1858. 30 Theatrical Journal, 27 January 1858. 31 Theatrical Journal, 17 February 1858. 32 The Times, 20 January 1858. 33 Era, 24 January 1858. Notes 217

34 Theatrical Journal, 17 February 1858. 35 Theodor Fontane, Shakespeare in the London Theatre 1855–58, ed. and trans. Russell Jackson (London: Society for Theatre Research, 1999), pp. 110–11. 36 Era, 24 January 1858. 37 Theatrical Journal, 3 February 1858. 38 RA QVJ, 19 January 1858. 39 The Times, 20 January 1858. 40 Charles Kean, a letter to Lord Normanby, July 1858, Y.c. 393 (169a–c), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 41 ‘Prospects of the Drama’, National Magazine 3 (March 1858). 42 Daily Telegraph, 6 February 1858.

11 Vulgar Victorian Trash

1 Theatrical Journal, 13 March 1851. 2 Rev H. Montagu Villiers, Balls and Theatres; or, The Duty of Reproving the Works of Darkness (London: James Nisbet and Co., 1846), p. 13. 3 Rev Francis Close, The Stage: Ancient and Modern (London: Hatchard and Son, 1850), p. 39. 4 Ibid., p. 34. 5 Sermon on ‘Theatrical Amusements’, cited in Dramatic Register 3 (1853) 35–6. 6 Edward Gordon Craig, Henry Irving (London: J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd, 1930), p. 244. 7 Quoted in Roger Fulford, ed., Dearest Child: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the Princess Royal (London: Evans Bros., 1977), p. 183. 8 Quoted in Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Esher, eds., The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1 st ser. 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1908), I, p. 266. 9 ‘Monsieur Shakspeare’, Punch 12 ( January–June 1847) 144. 10 ‘Great News! Wonderful News!’, Punch 6 ( January–June 1844) 189. 11 ‘Diffusion of Shakspeareanity at Court’, Punch 6 ( January–June 1844) 199. 12 Punch 6 ( January–June 1844) 199. 13 Punch 7 ( July–December 1844) 171. 14 Punch 7 ( July–December 1844) 172. 15 ‘Shakespear an Emigrant to France’, Punch 7 (July–December 1844) 247. 16 Athenaeum, 20 November 1847. 17 Punch 13 ( July–December 1847) 221. 18 Theatrical Journal, 21 September 1853. 19 Theatrical Journal, 8 April 1857. 20 National Dramatic Biography (1847) 186. 21 Charles Kean, a letter to Mary Anne Skerret, 3 July 1855, RA Add X/85. 22 RA QVJ, 31 March 1851. 23 Theatrical Journal, 19 May 1852. 24 Playbill, The Corsican Brothers, 17 April 1852, Princess’s Theatre, London, Princess’s Theatre production file, Theatre Museum, London. 25 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Charles Kean, 10 June 1852, RA Add X/40, 41. 26 ‘The English Stage’, Westminster Review 59 (1853) 122. 27 RA QVJ, 28 February 1852. 28 RA QVJ, 19 April 1852. 218 Notes

29 RA QVJ, 23 March 1852. 30 RA QVJ, 5 February 1861. 31 Victoria, a letter to the Princess Frederick, 6 February 1861, quoted in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 305. 32 Irene Vanbrugh, To Tell my Story (London: Hutchinson & Co. 1948), p. 41. 33 Theatrical Journal, 19 October 1853. 34 Theatrical Journal, 10 February 1858. 35 Theatrical Journal, 10 February 1858. 36 W.C. Macready, diary entry 17 November 1837, cited in J.C. Trewin, ed., The Journal of William Charles Macready 1832–1851 (London: Longmans, 1967), p. 109. 37 W.C. Macready, diary entry 8 March 1838, cited in ibid., pp. 115–16.

12 The Queen is Alarmed

1 Lord Chamberlain’s papers, 1: 263, 14 November 1872; cited in John Russell Stephens, The Censorship of English Drama 1824–1901 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 119. 2 E.L. Blanchard, Sir John Barleycorn (1852), BL Add Ms 43,038 A fols. 749–792b. The letter from the Examiner of Plays is on fol. 749. 3 The Queen’s Necklace (1844), BL Add Mss 42,972, fols. 608–32. The refusal is on fol. 608. 4 Margaret Mellon, Major Domo (1844), BL Add Ms 42,977 fols. 636–91 and 42,979 fols. 733–57. 5 Cited in Frederic Toynbee, Macready’s Reminiscences, and Selections from His Diaries and Letters, 2 vols (London: Macmillan & Co., 1875), II, p. 42. 6 Cited ibid., II, p. 43. 7 Cited ibid., II, p. 41. 8 RA QVJ, 11 October 1839. 9 Cited in Stanley Weintraub, Victoria: Biography of a Queen (London: Allen & Unwin, 1987), p. 134. 10 Cited in Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Esher, ed., The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1st ser., 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1908), I, p. 199. 11 Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI & I (London: Chatto & Windus, 2003), pp. 1–11. 12 Spectator, 2 February 1839. 13 James Haynes, Mary Stuart (1840), BL Add Ms 42,954, fol. 37. The cut begins with ‘We must search’. 14 James Haynes, Mary Stuart: An Historical Tragedy, 3rd edn. (London, 1840), p. 10. 15 Mary Stuart 4.2, fol. 67; 2.2., fol. 46. 16 2.2. fol. 46b. 17 Spectator, 25 January 1840. 18 Literary Gazette, 25 January 1840. 19 Morning Post, 23 January 1840. 20 Athenaeum, 25 January 1840. 21 ‘The Examiner of Plays’, All the Year Round n.s. 12 (8 August 1874) 392. 22 Ruy Blas (1852), BL Add Ms 52,929 CC. The manuscript is actually an 1839 edition of the play from Oeuvres de Victor Hugo. 23 RA QVJ, 22 March 1852. Notes 219

24 Lord Chamberlain’s papers, 1: 58, W.B. Donne to Henry Ponsonby, 6 February 1858; cited in Stephens, The Censorship of English Drama 1824–1901, p. 51. 25 The Secret Passion (1858), BL Add Ms 52,971 R. See also Lord Chamberlain’s papers, 1: 58, 6 February 1858; cited in Stephens, Censorship, p. 51. 26 Ruy Blas (1860), BL Add Ms 52,995 W, fols. 7b and 8. 27 Ruy Blas (1860), BL Add Ms 52,995 W, fol. 9. 28 Cited in Stephens, Censorship, p. 52. 29 Marie, Queen of Rumania, The Story of my Life, 2 vols (London: 1934), I, p. 255. 30 Victoria, a letter to Sir Henry Ponsonby, c. 3 March 1893, cited in Frederick Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria’s Private Secretary: His Life from His Letters (London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd, 1942), p. 83. 31 Victoria, a letter to Sir Henry Ponsonby, c. 3 March 1893, cited in ibid., p. 83. 32 Sir Henry Ponsonby, a letter to Queen Victoria, 6 March 1893, cited in ibid., p. 83. 33 Victoria, a letter to Sir Henry Ponsonby, c. 7 March 1893, cited in ibid., p. 83. 34 Becket 4.2.117. 35 Becket 4.2.26–8. 36 Becket 4.2.71, 70. 37 Cited in E.E.P. Tisdall, Queen Victoria’s Private Life (New York: The John Day Co., 1962), p. 166.

13 Arise, Sir ——!

1 Cited in ‘The Bombastes Furioso of the Press’, Theatrical Journal (May 1858). 2 Sir William Snow Harris, a letter to Charles Kean, 31 August 1856, RA Add X/94. 3 Ellen Kean, a letter to Lady Palmerston, 5 June 1857, Y.c. 402 (33), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 4 Ellen Kean, a letter to William Mackinnon, 5 June 1857, Y.c. 402 (21), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 5 Ellen Kean, a letter to Lady Palmerston, June 1857, Y.c. 402 (32), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. The recipient is not named, but the letter was clearly meant for the Prime Minister’s wife. 6 Ellen Kean, a letter to Lady Palmerston, June 1857, Y.c. 402 (32), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 7 Sir William Snow Harris, a letter to Charles Kean, 18 June 1857, Y.c. 1333 (2), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 8 Ellen Kean, a letter to Queen Victoria, 28 June 1857, Y.c. 402 (49), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 9 Theatrical Times, 3 February 1849. 10 Illustrated London News, 10 May 1856. 11 Era, 16 August 1857. 12 Cited in Theatrical Journal, May 1858. 13 ‘The Bombastes Furioso of the Press’, Theatrical Journal (May 1858). 14 W.E. Gladstone, a letter to Lord Coleridge, 27 June 1883, cited in Laurence Irving, Henry Irving: The Actor and His World (London: Faber and Faber, 1951), p. 410. 15 Cited in ibid., p. 410. 16 Lord Coleridge, a letter to W.E. Gladstone, n.d. (c. 29 June 1883), cited in ibid., pp. 410–12. 220 Notes

17 Dutton Cook, On the Stage, 2 vols. (London: Sampson, Low et al., 1883), I, p. 84. 18 H. Saville Clark, ‘Stage and Society’, The Theatre (1 September 1885) 138. 19 ‘Why Not?’, Ally Sloper, 25 March 1893. 20 Henry Irving, ‘Acting: an art’, a lecture delivered at the Royal Institution, 1 February 1895’, cited in Ian Bevan, Royal Performances: The Story of Royal Theatregoing (London: Stratford Place, 1954), pp. 174–5. 21 Bram Stoker, Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving, 2 vols (London: Macmillan, 1906), II, p. 242. 22 Ibid., II, p. 239. 23 Max Beerbohm, Around Theatres (London: Hart-Davis, 1953), pp. 400–1. 24 The Theatre (1 October 1895) 242–3. 25 Era, 20 July 1895. 26 Stoker, Henry Irving, II, p. 240. 27 E.E.P. Tisdall, Queen Victoria’s Private Life (New York: The John Day Co., 1962), p. 167. 28 RA QVJ 18 July 1895. 29 Cited in Austin Brereton, The Life of Henry Irving, 2 vols (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1908), II, pp. 220–1. 30 William Archer, The New Budget, 30 May 1895, cited in Irving, Henry Irving, pp. 578–9. 31 ‘The Queen as a Playgoer’, Era, 19 June 1897. 32 Observer, 26 May 1895. 33 Figaro, cited in Brereton, Irving, II, pp. 218–19. 34 Henry Elliott, ‘The Stage under Victoria’, The Theatre (1 November 1896) 242–3. 35 Cited in Era, 13 July 1895. 36 Era, 1 June 1895. 37 Academy, 26 June 1897. 38 Athenaeum, 26 June 1897. 39 Theatre, 1 August 1897. 40 Athenaeum, 26 June 1897. 41 Academy, 26 June 1897. 42 Lord Salisbury, a letter to S.B. Bancroft, 15 June 1897, cited in Marie Bancroft and Squire Bancroft, The Bancrofts: Recollections of Sixty Years (London: John Murray, 1909), p. 320. 43 S.B. Bancroft, a letter to Lord Salisbury, 15 June 1897, cited in ibid., p. 320.

14 Refuge at the Foot of the Throne

1 F.H. Berkeley, speech to the General Theatrical Fund, cited in Dramatic Register 3 (1853) 40. 2 J.R. Planché, Mr. Buckstone’s Ascent of Mount Parnassus. A Panoramic Extravaganza in One Act (London: Thomas Hailes Lacy, 1853), p. 11. 3 National Review (January–April 1856) 413. 4 Charles Lamb, ‘On the Tragedies of Shakespeare’ (1811), in Jonathan Bate, ed., The Romantics on Shakespeare (London: Penguin Books, 1992), p. 114. 5 RA QVJ, 2 March 1853. 6 E.H. Corbould, a letter to Charles Kean, 28 March 1857, Y.c. 681 (1), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. Notes 221

7 E.H. Corbould, a letter to Charles Kean, 28 March 1857, Y.c. 681 (1), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. 8 E.H. Corbould [?], a letter to Charles Kean, 30 March 1857, Y.c. 640 (1), Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. The writer is not identified, but the contents of the letter indicate that it was Corbould. 9 RA QVJ, 24 May 1857. 10 RA PP/VIC/2/25/8128. 11 John Kemble Chapman, A Complete History of Theatrical Entertainments … (London: John Mitchell, 1849), p. 83. 12 C.B. Phipps, a letter to Benjamin Webster, 27 February 1849, cited in Thomas F. Plowman, In the Days of Victoria (London: John Lane, 1918), p. 157. 13 ‘Decorum in our Modern Theatre’, Theatrical Journal, 5 May 1852. 14 ‘Our London Commissioner’, Blackwood’s Magazine (April 1852) 467, reprinted in the playbill, Haymarket Theatre, London, 19 June 1853, Haymarket Theatre pro- duction file, Theatre Museum, London. 15 Cited in the Athenaeum, 16 November 1878. 16 RA QVJ, 10 November 1853. 17 Punch 25 (July–December 1853) 165. 18 Charles Dickens, a letter to Samuel Phelps, 25 February 1854, in The Letters of Charles Dickens, vol. 7 (1853–56), ed. Graham Storey et al. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), p. 281. 19 Cited in Christopher Hibbert, Queen Victoria in Her Letters and Journals (London: John Murray, 1984), pp. 15–16. 20 RA QVJ, 24 January 1852. 21 RA QVJ, 2 February 1887. 22 RA QVJ, 26 April 1889. 23 RA QVJ, 17 March 1891. 24 RA QVJ, 16 September 1895. 25 RA QVJ, 4 October 1881.

Epilogue

1 Title page, ‘Address from the Theatrical Profession on Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee’ (1887), RA Address. 2 Augustus Harris, a letter to Bram Stoker, 24 May 1887, Bram Stoker Collection, The Shakespeare Centre, Stratford-upon-Avon. 3 Fortnightly Review, n.s. 38 (November 1885). 4 Era, 26 June 1897. 5 ‘The Victorian Era Exhibition’, The Theatre (1 June 1897) 326. 6 Era, 12 June 1897. 7 Era, 12 June 1897. 8 Cited in Madeleine Bingham, ‘The Great Lover’: The Life and Art of Herbert Beerbohm Tree (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1978), p. 89. 9 Saturday Review, 2 May 1897. 10 ‘The Queen as a Playgoer’, Era, 19 June 1897. Bibliography

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222 Bibliography 223

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Page numbers in italics denote references to illustrations. Abergeldie Castle, command performance As You Like It, 108 at, xvi, 70–2, 193 Astley’s Amphitheatre, 118 actors, reputation of, 94, 173–80, 181–2, Athalie, 18–19, 199 183, 192–3 audiences, reaction to Queen Victoria’s ‘Address from the Theatrical Profession presence, 111, 112, 113, 113–14, on Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee’, 115–16, 122, 131–2, 166 195–8, 197 Aynesworth, Allan, 85–6 Adelaide, Dowager Queen, 38, 130 Adelphi Theatre, xvi, 70, 107, 112, 155 B.B., 58 Adrienne Lecouvreur, 4 Babes in the Woods, 47–8 Albert, Prince (later Prince Consort), 6, Balfe, Michael William, 120 20, 78, 105, 108, 110, 111, 115–16, The Ballad Monger, 82, 83 130, 144, 147, 148, 149–50, 151, 155, Balmoral: 186, 188, 189 command performances at, 76–86 death of, xvi, 22, 60, 70, 195 private theatricals at, 26–7, 29–30 and dramatic censorship, 162–8 Bancroft, Marie, 77, 77–8, 78, 79, 81, influence on Queen Victoria’s theatrical 82, 183, 184 tastes, xiv, 129 Bancroft, Squire, 29, 77, 79, 82, 181, 184 marriage to Queen Victoria, 114–15, knighthood, 183–4 162, 163–5, 166, 167–8 Barnum, P.T., 4–10, 151 and private theatricals, 17–18, 19, see also Thumb, General Tom 21, 22 Beatrice, Princess (later Princess Henry of and Shakespeare, 108 Battenberg), 23–7, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, ‘Theatrical Album’, xv 35, 74, 82, 87, 88 and Windsor Castle theatricals, 38, 42, Becket, 96–100, 171–2, 179 45, 46, 47–8, 57 Beerbohm, Max, 180 Albert Victor, Prince, Duke of Clarence The Beggar’s Opera, 161 (‘Eddy’), 24 The Bells, 89, 91–4 Alexander, George, 84, 85, 87, 193 Belton, Frederick, 44 Alexandra of Denmark, Princess of Wales Bernhardt, Sarah, 10–12 (‘Alix’), 91, 92, 171 Bigge, Major Arthur, 25, 32 Alexandra of Edinburgh, Princess, 28–9 Birthday Book, Queen Victoria’s, xvii, Alfred, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh and 11–12, 14, 74, 78 Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (‘Affie’), 18, 20, Blanchard, E.L., 162 21, 21, 23, 44, 186 Boots at the Swan, 137 Ali, Khairat, 28 Boucicault, Dion, 29, 155, 156 Alice, Princess, 18, 20, 21, 21, 23 see also The Colleen Bawn, The Corsican Alix of Hesse, Princess, 28 Brothers, Faust and Marguerite, Amburgh, Isaac van, see Van Amburgh, London Assurance and The Vampire Isaac Box and Cox, 22–4, 47 anti-theatrical prejudice, 183, 186 Bruce, Edgar, 71, 72, 193 Archer, William, 181 Buckingham Palace, 4–10, 12–13, 118, Arnold, Frieda, xv 126, 148–50 Arthur, Prince, Duke of Connaught, 21, Buckstone, J.B., 40, 54–5, 110 22, 23, 23–4, 44 Buksh, Mohamed, 28

227 228 Index

Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, 107, 157 Daddy Hardacre, 58 see also The Lady of Lyons, Money and Daly, Augustin, 199 Richelieu Daly’s Theatre, 199 Bunn, Alfred, 105, 111, 113, 114, 118, La Dame de St Tropez, 129 119, 121–2, 123, 125 Les Deux Petits Savoyards, 17, 18 Bunsen, Chevalier, 38, 129 Diamond Jubilee see Jubilees, burlesque, 69, 170–1 Diamond Burnand, F.C., 71, 184 Dickens, Charles, 120, 192 Byng, Colonel Henry, 84, 86 Diplomacy, 29, 77–80 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 107 The Discreet Princess, xvi Disraeli, Benjamin, 27 Carlyle, Thomas, 157, 162 The Doge of Duralto, 68 Carmen, 98, 171 Donne, William Bodham: Cathcart, James, 74 as director of Windsor Castle Cathcart, Rowley, 73, 74, 78 theatricals, 47–8, 49, 57–60 Caught at Last, 33–5, 33 as Examiner of Plays, 161–2, censorship of the drama, 161–72 169, 170 passim Drury Lane Theatre, 56, 105, 108, 111, Chapman, John Kemble, 49, 134, 113, 114–15, 117, 118, 102, 122, 125, 146, 171 127, 128, 129, 131–2, 132–3, 133, Charles XII, xiv 148, 150, 163, 196–8, 197 Chartism, 127, 128, 157 Dumas, Alexandre, 127 City Theatre, 47 Clarkson, Willy, 16, 24–5, 25, 31, 35–6 Edward, Prince of Wales (‘Bertie’; later Cleaver, Reginald, 100 Edward VII), xvi, 9, 201 Close, Rev. Francis, 147 in private theatricals, 18, 19, 20, 21, Coleridge, Lord, Lord Chief Justice, 178 21, 23 The Colleen Bawn, xvi, 70, 155–6, 156 theatrical patronage, 75, 95, 184, Collins, Arthur, 12–13, 31 199, 201 The Colonel, 71–2, 193 Windsor Castle theatricals, attendance Comédie Française, 75 at, 42, 43–4 command performances, see Victoria, see also Abergeldie Castle, Queen and Empress, command command performance at and performances Sandringham, command Conyngham, Lord, Lord Chamberlain, performances at 109, 116 Edwards, Sir Fleetwood, 25 Cook, Dutton, 4, 178–9 The Egyptian Hall, 5, 6, 7, 10 Cool as a Cucumber, 29 Ellis, George, 45, 59 Corbould, E.H., 19, 20, 21, 155, Emden, W.S., 68, 100 187, 199 Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg, 5 The Corsican Brothers, 154–5, 155 Eugénie, Empress of France, 79–80 The Count of Monte Cristo, 127 Everett, Edward, 5, 8 Court: Court Circular, 7 farce, 133 dress, 5 Farren, Nellie, 170–1 etiquette, 5–6, 7, 13 Faucit, Helen, 74, 108, 122, 139, in mourning, 5, 7 141, 151 Covent Garden Theatre, 106–7, 108–9, Faust (Gounod), 196, 197, 198 110, 112, 113, 115, 122, 129, 147, Faust and Marguerite, 20 151, 157, 198–9 Fechter, Charles, 170 Craig, Gordon, 99, 147 Fontane, Theodor, 142 Criterion Theatre, 87 Forbes-Robertson, Johnston, 78, 82 Index 229

Frederick William, Crown Prince of Hicks, Seymour, 35 Prussia (‘Fritz’; later Emperor), 136 Hobhouse, John Cam (later Baron see also Victoria, Princess, The Broughton), xiv, 52, 125 Princess Royal Holland, Elizabeth, Lady, 106 French plays, 148, 152 Horace, 3, 4 The House and the Home, 112 Gaiety Theatre, 170, 198 Hugo, Victor, 168, 169 Gatty, Revd Alfred, 177 The Hunchback, 48–9 General Theatrical Fund, 185 Hush Money, 61, 62, 63 George III, 58, 185 Hussain, Ahmed, 28 George IV, 164 German plays, 17, 19 Ibsen, Henrik, 82 Gilbert, W.S., 72, 184 Irving, Henry, 147, 171, 192, 195, 196, Gladstone, W.E., 127, 128 198, 199 Godwin, George, 139 appearance in command performances: Golden Jubilee see Jubilees, Golden Becket (Windsor Castle), 96–100, Gosse, Edmund, xvii 171–2, 179 Greville, Charles, 4 The Bells (Sandringham), 89, 91–4 Grey, General Sir Charles, 47, 148 The Merchant of Venice (Sandringham), Grieve, Thomas, 18, 40, 45 89, 92 knighthood, 178–83 Haghe, Louis, 41 Das Hahnenschlag, 19 Jean Marie, 10 Hamlet, 42, 111, 148, 162 Jerrold, Douglas, 29, 56 Hammond, J.W., 163 Jubilees: Hare, Gilbert, 78 Diamond (1897), 198–201 Hare, John, 29, 73, 75, 77, 79, 80, Golden (1887), 25, 195–8, 197 184, 192–3 Julius Caesar, 18, 50–1 Harlequin and Jack Frost, 117 Harris, Augustus, 170, 196–8 Karim, Abdul (the ‘Munshi’), 25, 28 Harris, Sir William Snow, 173–4, 175, 177 Kean, Charles, xiii, 111, 129, 144, 153, Hawtrey, William, 71, 193 156, 184, 187, 190, 192 ‘Haymarket Sonnets, Six’, 132 knighthood, rumours of, 173–7 Haymarket Theatre, 46, 47, 82, 87, productions at The Princess’s 110, 112, 128, 129, 129–30, 132, Theatre, xiv 156–7, 190–1, 198 The Corsican Brothers, 153–4, 155 Haynes, James, 163 Faust and Marguerite, 20 Helena, Princess (‘Lenchen’; later Princess Henry V, xiv, 186 Christian of Schleswig-Holstein), 17, King John, xiv 18, 20, 21, 22, 23 Macbeth, 186 Henry of Battenberg, Prince (‘Liko’), A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 144–5 74, 88 Richard II, 174, 186, 187, 188 closure of London theatres in memory Sardanapalus, xiv of, 87–8 The Tempest, 107 death of, 87 The Winter’s Tale, xiv–xv, xv, 20, 94 and private theatricals, 24, 25–7, 91 and The Poor Box Scandal, 61–9 see also Beatrice, Princess passim 1 Henry IV, 44 refusal to appear in performance Henry V, xiv, 43, 57, 186, 191 honouring the marriage of the Henry VIII, 129, 148 Princess Royal, 137–45 Her Majesty’s Theatre, 106, 129, 136, 139, Windsor Castle theatricals, direction of, 146, 199–200 37–9, 45–6, 48–58 230 Index

Kean, Ellen, 57, 129, 173, 174–6, 192 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron, as Lady Macbeth, 41 40, 52 as Queen Constance (King John), 54 Macbeth, 39, 41, 42, 136, 137, 139, 141, Keeley, Mary Anne, 40, 110 142, 143, 186 audience with Queen Victoria, 12–15 Mackinnon, William, 174, 175 Keeley, Robert, 12, 13–14, 40, 110 Macready, W.C., 106–7, 108, 113, 114, Kemble, Charles, 148–50, 161 116, 119, 121, 122, 123, 130, 131–2, Kemble, Frances Anne (‘Fanny’), xvi, 132–3, 133, 150, 151, 163, 191 59, 151 denied exclusive royal patronage, Kemble, John Mitchell, 161, 162, 168 108–9 Kendal, Dame Madge, 72–5 in Julius Caesar at Windsor Castle, 50–1 Kendal, William, 72–5, 192 views on Queen Victoria, 109, 112, Kensington Palace, xvi 116, 120, 128, 157 Kent, Duchess of, xiii, 4, 6, 42, 44, 70 Maid of Artois, 120 King John, xiv, 40, 52–3, 54, 94, 150 Major Domo, 162 King Lear, 107, 157 Mallet, Marie, 26 knighthoods, conferral upon actors, 118, Marie, Queen of Romania, 171 173–84 passim Marie Stuart, 3, 4 Knowles, Sheridan, 49 Marionette Theatre, 106 Martin, Sir Theodore, 74 Lablache, Luigi, xvi Mary, Queen of Scots, 163, 165, 167 Lady Clancarty, 74 Mary Stuart, 163, 164, 165, 166–8 The Lady of Lyons, 108, 111, 116, 122, Marylebone Theatre, 162, 169 123, 157, 166 Mathews, Charles, 40, 56, 110, 192 Landseer, Sir Edwin, 117, 120 Melbourne, William Lamb, Viscount, xvi, Laroche stereoscope photographs, 124, 126, 147, 148, 164 188–9, 189 melodrama, 153–4, xiii Lee, Nelson, 47 The Merchant of Venice, 12, 42–3, 43, 45–6, Lehzen, Louise, Baroness, xvi 55, 89, 92 Lemaître, Frederick, 169 A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 144–5 Leopold, King of the Belgians, xvii, 9, 127, Mikado, The, 76 134, 164 Mr. Buckstone’s Ascent of Mount Parnassus, Leopold, Prince, Duke of Albany, 185–6 22, 24 Mr. Buckstone’s Voyage ‘Round the Globe (in Leopold of Battenberg, Prince, 29 Leicester Square), xv Liberty Hall, 84–5 Mitchell, John, 137–41 licensing of theatres, 105, 128, 161 Monckton, Lady, 80 see also censorship of the drama Money, 129 Lind, Jenny, 133 Montague, Emmeline, 55 London Assurance, 129 The Mountain Sylph, 114–15 Louis-Philippe, King of France, The ‘Munshi’, see Karim, Abdul 126, 150–1 Murray, Charles Augustus, 5 Louise, Princess (later the Marchioness of Lorne), 17, 18, 20, 21, 21, 23, nationalism, performance of, 132–3, 134, 25, 32, 75 135, 152, 153 Louise of Wales, Princess, 28 natural history, 123–5 Love, 115 Normanby, Constantine Phipps, Marquess Lundgren, Egron, xv, 155 of, 144 Lyceum Theatre, 14, 89, 91, 96, 97, 178, 180, 182–3, 196, 198 Olympic Theatre, xv, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, Lytton, Edith Bulwer-Lytton, Countess of, 68–9, 106, 109, 112, 153 10, 11 Orestes, 4 Index 231

Osborne House, 118, 127, 151 Rachel (Elisa Félix), 3–4 the Kendals’ performance at, 72–5 Raising the Wind, 114–15 knighthoods conferred at, 184 The Red Lamp, 82, 83 private theatricals at, 20, 22, 25–6, Red Ridinghood, 19 32, 35–6, 87 regulation of theatres, 105, 161 Otello (Rossini), 151 see also censorship of the drama and Oxenford, John, 52, 137, 139, 142 licensing of theatres Reid, Dr Sir James, 31 A Pair of Spectacles, 73, 75 revolutions of 1848, 136–7 Palmerston, Emily Lamb, Viscountess, Richard II, 174, 186, 187, 188 174, 175 Richard III, 22, 111 Palmerston, Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount, Richelieu, 107, 112 49, 174 riots, theatrical, 127–8 pantomime, 47, 47–8, 117, 119, 197 Ristori, Adelaide, 4 To Parents and Guardians, 14 The Rivals, 44, 137, 156–7 Parliament: Rizzio, David, 163, 165–7 marriage of Victoria and Albert, debates Rob Roy, 108, 122 on, 163–5 Robertson, Agnes, 48, 110, 156, 186, regulation of theatres, 105, 128 213 n.18 Patter v. Clatter, 115 Robertson, T.W., 184 Pauline, 153–4 Robins, Elizabeth, 29, 73, 78, 79, 81, 82, Peile, Kinsey, 85, 85–6 205 n.33 Phelps, Samuel, 40, 57, 58–9, 138–9, 141, Robson, E.M., 85–7 142, 150, 151, 163, 191–2 Robson, Frederick, xv–xvi, 58, 68, 112 Phipps, C.B., 106, 112, 144, 190, 192 Rogers, James, 61, 63, 64, 65–9 and The Poor Box Scandal, 62–8 Romeo and Juliet, 191 and Windsor Castle theatricals, 45, Rorke, Kate, 29, 79, 81, 82 46–7, 48, 51, 56, 57, 58–9 Rose of Castile, 137 Pinero, Arthur Wing, 181, 184 Rosebery, Archibald, 5th Earl of, 180 Planché, J.R., xv, xvi, 185–6 Rot Käppchen, 19 Ponsonby, Arthur, 32, 70 Rowell, George, xvii, xix Ponsonby, Frederick, 11–12, 24, 29, 32 royal patronage: Ponsonby, Sir Henry, 12, 25, 30, 32, competition for, 113–14 70, 74, 78, 81, 83, 96, 97, 100, exploitation of, 139–40, 200 169, 171, 172 value of, 95–6, 97, 100–1, 144, 156–7, Ponsonby, Mary, xviii, 171 185–6, 189–91, 198, 200–1 The Poor Box Scandal, 61–9 Rubens Room see Windsor Castle Power, Tyrone, 107 Russell, Lord John, 163 prejudice, anti-theatrical, 183, 186 Ruy Blas, 168–70 Prince of Wales’s Theatre, 71, 198 Ruy Blas; or, the Blasé Roué, 170–1 Princess’s Theatre, xiv, 56, 109, 154, 170, Ryder, John, 187, 188 187, 190 private theatricals, 16–36 passim, 17, 21, Sadler’s Wells Theatre, 58–9, 138–9, 139, 23, 27, 28, 33 141, 150, 191–2 Privy Purse, Keeper of The, see Phipps, C.B. St George’s Hall, see Windsor Castle Probyn, Sir Dighton, 89, 90 St James’s Theatre, xiv, 4, 73, 84, 87, 121, Profeit, Alexander, 78 129, 137, 139, 148, 169 prostitution in theatres, 189–91 Salisbury, Robert, 3rd Marquess of, 184 Punch, 53, 105, 130, 133, 148–51 Sandringham: command performances at, 89–93 The Queen’s Necklace, 162 Sardanapalus, xiv A Quiet Rubber, 75 Schiller, Friedrich, 58–9 232 Index

The School for Scandal, 47, 64, 147 Theatres Regulation Act (1843), 105, 161 A Scrap of Paper, 29–30, 77, 78 Theatrical Album, Queen Victoria and Sedgwick, Amy, 48–9 Prince Albert’s, xv Shaftesbury Theatre, 199 Theuriet, André, 10 Shakespeare, William, 38, 58, 121, 122, Thumb, General Tom, 4–10, 148, 149 127, 146 Tree, Herbert Beerbohm, 87, 182 see also Shakespeare’s House and in command performances, 82–4 individual plays and Her Majesty’s Theatre, reopening Shakespeare’s House, 151–2 of, 199–200 Shaw, George Bernard, 80, 179–80, 200 knighted by Edward VII, 184 She Stoops to Conquer, 32, 55–6 Tupper, Martin, 22 Siege of La Rochelle, 113 Twice Killed 137, 143 Simpson & Co., 113 Sir John Barleycorn, 162 Uncle’s Will, 72 Skerret, Mary Anne, xiii, 153 The Unequal Match, 48 Smith, Albert, 56 Used Up, 29, 31, 32, 47 La Sonnambula, 137 Uxbridge, Earl of, Lord Chamberlain, 163 The Spirit of Air, 120 The Spitalfields Weaver, 137 The Vampire, 155 The Squire of Dames, 87 Van Amburgh, Isaac, 117–25 passim Stoker, Bram, 90, 90–1, 97, 100, 180, 196 Vandenhoff, George, 42 Sweethearts, 72–4 Vestris, Madame (Eliza), 106 Sydney, Lord, Lord Chamberlain, 170 Victoria, Princess, The Princess Royal (‘Vicky’; later Crown Princess tableaux vivants staged in the royal Frederick and then the Empress residences: Frederick), 9, 10, 38, 100, 136, ‘L’Allegro and Il Penseroso’, 20–1, 21 141, 155 ‘Carmen’, 25 performances in honour of her ‘Grandmama’s Birthday’, 28–9 marriage to Prince Frederick ‘H-e-n-r-y-M-a-u-r-i-c-e’, 26–7 William of Prussia, 136–7, 141–4, ‘Homage to the Queen’, 26, 27 143, 156 ‘India’, 27, 28 in private theatricals, 18, 20, 21, 21, 23 ‘The Princes in the Tower’, 22 Richard II, watercolour of, 186–9, 188 ‘Queen Elizabeth and Raleigh’, 26 Windsor Castle Theatricals, attendance ‘The Queen of Sheba’, 25 at, 43–4 ‘Spirit of the Empress Helena’, 21–2, 22 Victoria, Princess of Prussia (‘Moretta’; ‘The Surrender of Calais’, 25 daughter of the Empress Frederick), ‘The Winter’s Tale’, 25–6 32–5, 33 Taglioni, Marie, xvi Victoria, Queen and Empress: Taylor, Tom, 14, 48, 74 actors, opinion of: The Tempest, 42, 107 George Alexander, 85, 193 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 96, 99, 172 Marie Bancroft, 80 Tennyson, Hallam, Lord, 99, 171 Sarah Bernhardt, 10–11 Terriss, William, 98 Edgar Bruce, 183 Terry, Ellen, 89, 92, 93, 98, 99, 100, 171, Helen Faucit, 142 195 John Hare, 192–3 Terry, Kate, 94 Henry Irving, 93–4, 100, 192 theatres: Charles Kean, 51, 154, 192 licensing of, 105, 128, 161 Ellen Kean, 154, 192 prostitution in, 189–91 Mary Anne Keeley, 14, 15, 142 respectability of, xiii, xvi, 95–6, 189–91, Robert Keeley, 13–14, 142 192–3 Madge and William Kendal, 75, 192 Index 233

Victoria, Queen and Empress – continued Wallenstein, proposed production Frederick Lemaître, 169 of, 58–9 W.C. Macready, 51, 93, 130 see also Abergeldie Castle, Charles Mathews, 110, 192 Sandringham, and Windsor Castle, Samuel Phelps, 142, 191 command performances at Rachel, 3, 4 criticism of: Adelaide Ristori, 4 for liking melodrama, 153–4 E.M. Robson, 86 for neglecting Shakespeare, 128, 133, Frederick Robson, xv–xvi, 86 146, 147–52 Kate Rorke, 81 for patronizing Isaac van Amburgh, Ellen Terry, 93–4 117–25 passim Kate Terry, 52, 100 for preferring French and Italian General Tom Thumb, 8 drama and opera, 128–9, 146, Herbert Beerbohm Tree, 83 148, 152–3 George Vandenhoff, 42 in Punch, 130, 133, 148–51 Alfred Wigan, 110 photographs of actors and actresses, artwork related to the theatre, 100, 188–9 117–18, 155–6, 186–8, 199 see also Victoria, Queen and Empress, see also Victoria, Queen and artwork related to the theatre and Empress, Theatrical Album and Victoria, Queen and Empress, Victoria, Queen and Empress, Theatrical Album photographs of actors and plays seen in London: actresses As You Like It, 108 and Albert, Prince: Charles XII, xiv death of, xvi, 22 The Colleen Bawn, xvi, 70, marriage to, 114–15, 162–8 155–6, 156 audiences, reaction to her presence, The Corsican Brothers, 154–5, 155 111–16, 122, 131–2 La Dame de St Tropez, 129 and the Birthday Book, xvii, 11–12, 74, 78 The Discreet Princess, xvi command performances: The Doge of Duralto, 68 at Balmoral: The Ballad Monger, 82, 83; Faust and Marguerite, 20 Diplomacy, 29, 77–80; Liberty Hall, Hamlet, 111, 148 84–5; The Mikado, 76; The Red Lamp, Harlequin and Jack Frost, 117 82, 83 Henry V, xiv, 186 at Osborne House: Sweethearts, 72, 73, Henry VIII, 129 74; Uncle’s Will, 72; The House or the Home, 112 at Windsor Castle, 37–60 passim; B.B., The Jealous Wife, 129 58; Babes in the Woods, 47–8; King John, xiv Becket, 96–100, 101–2; Box and King Lear, 107, 157 Cox, 47; Daddy Hardacre, 58; The Lady of Lyons, 108, 111, 116, 122, Hamlet, 42, 162; 1 Henry IV, 12, 44; 123, 166 Henry V, 43, 57, 186, 191; The London Assurance, 129 Hunchback, 48–9; Hush Money, 61, Love, 115 62, 63; Julius Caesar, 50–1; King Macbeth, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, John, 40, 52–3, 54, 94; Macbeth, 39, 143, 186 41, 42; The Merchant of Venice, 12, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 144–5 42–3, 43, 45–6, 55; The Mikado, 76; Mr. Buckstone’s Ascent of Mount A Pair of Spectacles, 73, 75; A Quiet Parnassus, 185–6 Rubber, 75; The Rivals, 44; Romeo Mr. Buckstone’s Voyage ‘Round the and Juliet, 191; The School for Globe (in Leicester Square), xv Scandal, 47, 64; The Tempest, 42; Money, 129 Twice Married, 12; Used Up, 47; Mountain Sylph, 114–15 234 Index

Victoria, Queen and Empress – continued Theatrical Album, xv To Parents and Guardians, 14 see also Victoria, Queen and Empress, Pauline, 153–4 artwork related to the theatre and Raising the Wind, 114–15 Victoria, Queen and Empress, Richard II, 186, 187, 188 photographs of actors and actresses Richard III, 111 theatrical patronage: Richelieu, 107, 112 competition for, 113–14 The Rivals, 137, 156–7 exploitation of, 139–40, 200 Rob Roy, 108, 122 value of, 95–6, 97, 100–1, 144, 156–7, Ruy Blas, 169 185–6, 189–91, 198, 200–1 Sardanapalus, xiv van Amburgh, Isaac, patronage of, The School for Scandal, 147 117–25 passim Siege of La Rochelle, 113 Victorian Era Exhibition, 199 Simpson & Co., 113 Villiers, Revd H. Montagu, 146–7 The Tempest, 107 A Thumping Legacy, 108 Wallenstein, 58–9 Twice Killed, 137, 143 Ward, Geneviève, 98 The Vampire, 155 Waterloo Chamber see Windsor Castle Werner, 107, 114, 157 Webster, Benjamin, 40, 46, 128, 134, 190 The Winter’s Tale, xiv–xv, xv, 20, 94 Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of, The Wonder, 129 6, 127, 164 The Yellow Dwarf, xv–xvi Werner, 107, 114, 157 private theatricals: Wigan, Alfred, 40, 53–4, 110 involvement in, 30–5 and the Olympic Theatre, 68–9, at Balmoral: Caught at Last, 33–5, 33; 106, 109 A Scrap of Paper, 29–30, 77, 78; Used and The Poor Box Scandal, 61–9 Up, 31, 32; at Osborne House; Box Wilde, Oscar, 84 and Cox, 22–4; She Stoops to Windsor Castle, 180, 180–1 Conquer, 32, 35–6; at Windsor command performances at, xiv, 37–60 Castle, 4; Athalie, 18–19, 199; Les passim, 39, 41, 54, 76, 129 Deux Petits Savoyards, 17, 18 applause during, 52–76 Shakespeare, neglect of, 128, 133, audiences for, 38, 42–3, 58–9 146, 147–52 censorship of scripts, 47–8, 171–2 tableaux vivants staged in the royal construction of stage for, 40–2, 97–8 residences: cost of, 45–6 ‘L’Allegro and Il Penseroso’, 20–1, 21 music for, 43 ‘Carmen’, 25 payment to actors and managers, ‘Grandmama’s Birthday’, 28–9 45–6, 61, 62, 64, 65, 96–7 ‘H-e-n-r-y-M-a-u-r-i-c-e’, 26–7 plays performed at: B.B., 58; Babes in ‘Homage to the Queen’, 26, 27 the Woods, 47–8; Becket, 96–100, ‘India’, 27, 28 101–2; Box and Cox, 47; Daddy ‘The Princes in the Tower’, 22 Hardacre, 58; Hamlet, 42, 162; 1 ‘Queen Elizabeth and Raleigh’, 26 Henry IV, 12, 44; Henry V, 43, 57, ‘The Queen of Sheba’, 25 186, 191; The Hunchback, 48–9; ‘Spirit of the Empress Helena’, Hush Money, 61, 62, 63; Julius 21–2, 22 Caesar, 50–1; King John, 40, 52–3, ‘The Surrender of Calais’, 25 54, 94; Macbeth, 39, 41, 42; The ‘The Winter’s Tale’, 25–6 Merchant of Venice, 12, 42–3, 43, theatre-going: 45–6, 55; The Mikado, 76; A Pair of in childhood, xiv, 148 Spectacles, 73, 75; A Quiet Rubber, resumption of in 1881, xvi 75; The Rivals, 44; Romeo and Juliet, suspension of in 1861, xvi 191; The School for Scandal, 47, 64; Index 235

Windsor Castle – continued Rubens Room, 18, 21, 40–3, 41, 53, 162 The Tempest, 42; Twice Married, 12; St George’s Hall, 22, 44–5, 98 Used Up, 47; Wallenstein, proposed Waterloo Chamber, 75, 76, 97, 98 production of, 58–9 see also The Poor Box Scandal reaction to, 51–7 The Winter’s Tale, xiv–xv, xv, 20, 94 royal children, presence of, 43–4 The Wonder, 129 private theatricals at, 4 Wood, Mrs John, 14–15 Athalie, 18–19, 199 Wyndham, Charles, 87, 182, 183, 184 Les Deux Petits Savoyards, 17, 18 Royal Archives, 11, 203 n.10 The Yellow Dwarf, xv–xvi Royal Library, Print Room, xv, 20 Yorke, The Hon. Alexander, 25, 29, 33–4, Royal Photographic Collection, 24 33, 77, 78, 80, 82