DOCSLIB.ORG

A COMPARATIVE STUDY of the FEMALE CHARACTERS in the SELECTED NOVELS of V. S. NAIPAUL and SALMAN RUSHDIE Lovely Faculty of Busin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A COMPARATIVE STUDY of the FEMALE CHARACTERS in the SELECTED NOVELS of V. S. NAIPAUL and SALMAN RUSHDIE Lovely Faculty of Busin A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FEMALE CHARACTERS IN THE SELECTED NOVELS OF V. S. NAIPAUL AND SALMAN RUSHDIE A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH By Gurjasjeet Kaur Regd No: 41400154 Supervised by: Dr. Sanjay Prasad Pandey Associate Professor School of Humanities Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Lovely Faculty of Business and Arts LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY, PHAGWARA PUNJAB-144411 July 2020 Declaration I do hereby acknowledge that: 1) The thesis entitled “A Comparative Study of the Female Characters in the Selected Novels of V. S. Naipaul and Salman Rushdie” is presentation of my original work completed under the supervision of Dr. Sanjay Prasad Pandey, Associate Professor of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara. We made our utmost sincere efforts, including suggestions mooted by the Department Doctoral Board of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara. 2) This thesis strictly avoided any form of plagiarism; and where ever due, the proper acknowledgement was provided throughout the work to the authors’ contribution. 3) The final version of printed as well as soft copies of the thesis went through rigorous proofreading. 4) The submission of the final version of the printed copy of the thesis is in accordance with Lovely Professional University guidelines. Place: Phagwara Gurjasjeet Kaur Date: July 2020 Regd No. 41400154 ii Certificate This is to certify that Gurjasjeet Kaur, with Registration number 41400154, has prepared the thesis entitled “A Comparative Study of the Female Characters in the Selected Novels of V. S. Naipaul and Salman Rushdie”. The same is submitted to the Department of English, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English. It is independent and original research work. No part of the thesis has been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma before this date. The candidate has pursued the prescribed course work of research, and she has assimilated all the suggestions given by the Department Doctoral Board of the university during her annual presentations and pre-submission seminar. Supervisor Dr. Sanjay Prasad Pandey Associate Professor Place: Phagwara Lovely Professional University Date: July 2020 Phagwara (Punjab) iii Acknowledgements It is a matter of great privilege for me to acknowledge the contribution of all those, without whose guidance, inspiration, and timely help, this research project would not have been possible to accomplish. First of all, thanks a lot to God Almighty for providing me an opportunity to research on the topic “A Comparative Study of the Female Characters in the Selected Novels of V. S. Naipaul and Salman Rushdie”. Then I would like to express my deepest gratitude and sincere reverence to my supervisor Dr. Sanjay Prasad Pandey, Associate Professor in English, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, whose untiring efforts, continuous support, motivation, immense knowledge, and constructive suggestions enabled me to work harder and accomplish the research work to the best of my ability. The whole of this work bears the imprint of his balanced criticism and scholarly approach. I feel obliged to Dr. Pavitar Parkash Singh, Associate Dean and Head of School of Humanities, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara. I feel grateful to Dr. Ajoy Batta, Head of English Department, Dr. Nitin Malhotra, Dr. J. P. Aggarwal, Dr. Nipun Chaudhary, Dr. Balkar Singh, and Dr. Digvijay Pandya for their help, encouragement, constructive and invaluable suggestions that helped me to gain an enriching experience throughout the years of my research work. My most considerable debt is to the librarians of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjabi University, Patiala, and Panjab University, Chandigarh, for helping me in the completion of this research work. I am also very thankful to Mr. Puneet Garg, who helped me in the typing and setting of this thesis. iv I feel indebted to my husband, Mr. G. S. Thind, Advocate, for his encouragement and sustained help in starting and completing this research project. I am also very thankful to my mother, brother, and sister-in-law, who steadfastly supported me in all possible ways during this time. Their encouragement, indispensable help, continuous inspiration and moral support prompted me to complete my work. My acknowledgements will remain void if I do not consider the sacrifices and love bestowed upon me by my daughters, Roohniwaz Kaur Thind and Adabniwaz Kaur Thind, which enabled me to achieve this arduous task. (Gurjasjeet Kaur) v Table of Contents Sr. Title Page No. No. 1. Title i 2. Declaration ii 3. Certificate iii 4. Acknowledgements iv-v 5. Table of Contents vi. 6. Introduction vii – xix 7. Chapter – 1 : Feminist Journey and Patriarchal Oppression 1 – 41 8. Chapter – 2 : V. S. Naipaul and Salman Rushdie: Making of 42 – 71 the Authors 9. Chapter – 3 : V. S. Naipaul’s Portrayal of Women in the 72 – 127 Selected Novels 10. Chapter – 4 : Representation of Women in the Selected Novels 128 – 207 of Salman Rushdie 11. Chapter – 5 : Comparative Study of the Female Characters in 208 – 284 the Selected Novels of V. S. Naipaul and Salman Rushdie 12. Conclusion 285 – 301 13. Bibliography 302 – 322 vi Introduction Throughout the ages, the voice of females has been repressed by the patriarchal systems of society. Females have been assumed weak and inferior to men. The oppression and subordination of women mainly happen because of the existence of patriarchal systems present in society. In patriarchal societies, males dominate and exploit females. Simone de Beauvoir, in The Second Sex, rightly observes, "We are urged, 'Be women, stay women, become women.'" (3). Patriarchy has remained the prime obstacle in the development and advancement of women. Understanding of the system, which keeps women subordinate and oppressed, is required. Unravelling of these systems will help for the emancipation of women. In contemporary times, women are going ahead with the use of their abilities and merits. They are performing well in every sphere such as political, economic and social. But, still, patriarchy creates problems in the ways of women’s journey of advancement. Patriarchal oppression is responsible for the secondary and subordinate status of females in society. Absolute authority and power provided to men in patriarchal society limit women’s equal human rights to some extent. The women are taught to imbibe gender roles through the socialization process. They are made weak through patriarchal practices, which condemn assertiveness, individuality, and subjectivity. The patriarchal practices foster docility and modesty in women. These practices, be it mental, psychological, physical, emotional, political, social or cultural, are operational in society to make women subordinate. The present thesis, entitled "A Comparative Study of Female Characters in the Selected Novels of V. S. Naipaul and Salman Rushdie", deals with the representation of women in the selected novels of both these renowned novelists. This thesis has explored the similarities and vii dissimilarities between V. S. Naipaul and Salman Rushdie as far as the representation of women in the selected novels is concerned. Feminism is a cultural, social, economic and political movement working towards establishing equal rights for women through the interface of life with literature and criticism. It is an ideology that is rooted in the basic concepts of human identity and the value of humanism. Feminist literary critics try to demonstrate the undesirable and stereotypical representation of women in literary works. They have also questioned the depiction of women in literature by male authors. Feminist literary critics focus on what type of roles female characters have been provided, are they protagonists, do they challenge patriarchy, do they hold power and what is the author’s attitude towards female characters in the text. During the 1980s, feminist literary criticism considered gender as a primary category to analyze the representation of women in literature. Feminists criticized the exclusion of women's voice from literary theory and criticism. The feminist writers tried to deconstruct the deformed image of females in fiction. They observed all realities of women's lives from the feminist point of view. Female authors used their pen to reach the forbidden world for them. They have provided a voice to silences. Pam Morris, in his famous book Literature and Feminism: An Introduction, observes, "Writing by women can tell the story of the aspects of women's lives that have been erased, ignored, demeaned, mystified and even idealized in the majority of traditional texts" (60). Feminist critics re-analyzed the bifurcation between male and female fiction. Feminist literary criticism became an effective medium to demolish the conventional image of women and install the actual one. The feminist critics posed a challenge to an androcentric world view to viii give place to new meaning. They depicted strong women characters to break the barriers set by male domination. Along with personal and emotional representations of the females, they have written on social conditions, female positions and gender roles. Gender has a vital role in the life of human beings. Starting right from their birth, in some countries, newborn babies are given pink or blue colour covers according to their sex; blue cover is reserved for boys, and the pink cover is meant for girls. These cultural traditions sent them forward in society to develop as men or women. From childhood, people are instructed to follow a particular code of conduct, which contrasts relying upon their gender. In a male-dominated culture, men have a special existence, and their experiences and preferences are considered as standardized human experiences. A woman is characterized just in connection to the man. Urging people to act and behave according to fixed roles is harming because these gender roles force human beings to encounter life just from their perspective as males or females, not as individuals.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Steven Weinberg Cv Born
    STEVEN WEINBERG CV BORN: May 3, 1933, in New York, N.Y. EDUCATION: Cornell University, 1950–1954 (A.B., 1954) Copenhagen Institute for Theoretical Physics, 1954–1955 Princeton University, 1955–1957 (Ph.D.,1957). HONORARY DEGREES: Harvard University, A.M., 1973 Knox College, D.Sc., 1978 University of Chicago, Sc.D., 1978 University of Rochester, Sc.D., l979 Yale University, Sc.D., 1979 City University of New York,Sc.D., 1980 Clark University, Sc.D., 1982 Dartmouth College, Sc.D., 1984 Weizmann Institute, Ph.D. Hon.Caus., 1985 Washington College, D.Litt., 1985 Columbia University, Sc.D., 1990 University of Salamanca, Sc.D., 1992 University of Padua, Ph.D. Hon.Caus., 1992 University of Barcelona, Sc.D., 1996 Bates College, Sc. D., 2002 McGill University, Sc. D., 2003 University of Waterloo, Sc. D., 2004 Renssalear Polytechnic Institue, Sc. D., 2016 Rockefeller University, Sc. D., 2017 PRESENT POSITION: Josey Regental Professor of Science, University of Texas, 1982– PAST POSITIONS: Columbia University, 1957–1959 Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, 1959–1960 University of California, Berkeley, 1960–1969 On leave, Imperial College, London, 1961–1962 Steven Weinberg 2 Became full professor, 1964 On leave, Harvard University, 1966–1967 On leave, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1967–1969 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1969–1973, Professor of Physics Harvard University, 1973–1983, Higgins Professor of Physics On leave 1976–1977, as Visiting Professor of Physics, Stanford University Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 1973-1983, Senior
    [Show full text]
  • Roy Staab Four Seasons / Four Corners
    ROY STAAB FOUR SEASONS / CORNERS ROY STAAB FOUR SEASONS / CORNERS Institute of Visual Arts University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee July 10-September 27, 2009 with contributions by Suzaan Boettger Nicholas Frank John K. Grande Amy Lipton Institute of Visual Arts University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee July 10-September 27, 2009 Inova is grateful for the support of the Greater Milwaukee Foundation’s Mary L. Nohl Fund. Published by the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Peck School of the Arts on the occasion of the exhibition ROY STAAB: FOUR SEASONS/FOUR CORNERS Organized by the Institute of Visual Arts (Inova) P.O. Box 413 Milwaukee, WI 53201 Phone: (414) 229-4762 Fax: (414) 229-6154 arts.uwm.edu © 2009 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be produced without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 9780981930114 Printed in the United States of America All photographs of installations by Roy Staab except: Michel Goday, figs. 2, 9 Gregg Schmidts, fig. 17 Leonard Freed, fig. 23 Nicholas Frank, fig. 33 Alan Magayne-Roshak, fig. 34 Additional credits: cover: Pyramid Space 7 - August 24, 1988 fig. 16: Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by SCALA/Art Resource, NY fig. 18: Collection of the Gemeente Museum Den Haag. 1 (opposite) Fluke, 2008, Marbaek Beach near Esbjerg, Denmark 2 Port-Vendres, France, 1979 5 X MARKS THE STAAB Anyone who knows Roy Staab has experienced the discrepancy between 3 Dennis Oppenheim his personality and his artwork. His temporary environmental site installations Cancelled Crop, 1969 are the embodiment of calm, humility and silence.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 BAM Next Wave Festival #Bamnextwave
    2018 BAM Next Wave Festival #BAMNextWave Brooklyn Academy of Music Adam E. Max, Katy Clark, Chairman of the Board President William I. Campbell, Joseph V. Melillo, Vice Chairman of the Board Executive Producer Place BAM Harvey Theater Oct 11—13 at 7:30pm; Oct 13 at 2pm Running time: approx. one hour 15 minutes, no intermission Created by Ted Hearne, Patricia McGregor, and Saul Williams Music by Ted Hearne Libretto by Saul Williams and Ted Hearne Directed by Patricia McGregor Conducted by Ted Hearne Scenic design by Tim Brown and Sanford Biggers Video design by Tim Brown Lighting design by Pablo Santiago Costume design by Rachel Myers and E.B. Brooks Sound design by Jody Elff Assistant director Jennifer Newman Co-produced by Beth Morrison Projects and LA Phil Season Sponsor: Leadership support for music programs at BAM provided by the Baisley Powell Elebash Fund Major support for Place provided by Agnes Gund Place FEATURING Steven Bradshaw Sophia Byrd Josephine Lee Isaiah Robinson Sol Ruiz Ayanna Woods INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLE Rachel Drehmann French Horn Diana Wade Viola Jacob Garchik Trombone Nathan Schram Viola Matt Wright Trombone Erin Wight Viola Clara Warnaar Percussion Ashley Bathgate Cello Ron Wiltrout Drum Set Melody Giron Cello Taylor Levine Electric Guitar John Popham Cello Braylon Lacy Electric Bass Eileen Mack Bass Clarinet/Clarinet RC Williams Keyboard Christa Van Alstine Bass Clarinet/Contrabass Philip White Electronics Clarinet James Johnston Rehearsal pianist Gareth Flowers Trumpet ADDITIONAL PRODUCTION CREDITS Carolina Ortiz Herrera Lighting Associate Lindsey Turteltaub Stage Manager Shayna Penn Assistant Stage Manager Co-commissioned by the Los Angeles Phil, Beth Morrison Projects, Barbican Centre, Lynn Loacker and Elizabeth & Justus Schlichting with additional commissioning support from Sue Bienkowski, Nancy & Barry Sanders, and the Francis Goelet Charitable Lead Trusts.
    [Show full text]
  • Fragonard Magazine N°9 - 2021 a Year of PUBLICATION DIRECTOR and CHIEF EDITOR New Charlotte Urbain Assisted By, Beginnings Joséphine Pichard Et Ilona Dubois !
    MAGAZINE 2021 9 ENGLISH EDITORIAL STAFF directed by, 2021, Table of Contents Agnès Costa Fragonard magazine n°9 - 2021 a year of PUBLICATION DIRECTOR AND CHIEF EDITOR new Charlotte Urbain assisted by, beginnings Joséphine Pichard et Ilona Dubois ! ART DIRECTOR Claudie Dubost assisted by, Maria Zak BREATHE SHARE P04 Passion flower P82 Audrey’s little house in Picardy AUTHORS Louise Andrier P10 News P92 Passion on the plate recipes Jean Huèges P14 Laura Daniel, a 100%-connected by Jacques Chibois Joséphine Pichard new talent! P96 Jean Flores & Théâtre de Grasse P16 Les Fleurs du Parfumeur Charlotte Urbain 2020 will remain etched in our minds as the in which we all take more care of our planet, CELEBRATE CONTRIBUTORS year that upturned our lives. Yet, even though our behavior and our fellow men and women. MEET P98 Ten years of acquisitions at the Céline Principiano, Carole Blumenfeld we’ve all suffered from the pandemic, it has And especially, let’s pledge to turn those words P22 Musée Jean-Honoré Fragonard leading the way Eva Lorenzini taught us how to adapt and behave differently. into actions! P106 A-Z of a Centenary P24 Gérard-Noel Delansay, Clément Trouche As many of you know, Maison Fragonard is a Although uncertainty remains as to the Homage to Jean-François Costa a familly affair small, 100% family-owned French house. We reopening of social venues, and we continue P114 Provence lifestyle PHOTOGRAPHERS enjoy a very close relationship with our teams to feel the way in terms of what tomorrow will in the age of Fragonard ESCAPE Olivier Capp and customers alike, so we deeply appreciate bring, we are over the moon to bring you these P118 The art of wearing perfume P26 Viva România! Eva Lorenzini your loyalty.
    [Show full text]
  • PROGRAM Psychology: Connecting Science to Solutions
    PROGRAM Psychology: Connecting Science to Solutions Hosted by the in collaboration with Insist on Science. Join Your Colleagues From Around the Globe– Join APS Today. APS promotes, protects, and advances psychological science across disciplinary and geographic borders. As an APS Member you support efforts to: Share cutting-edge research across all areas of the field, including applied psychological science, through our journals and conventions; Promote the integration of scientific perspectives within psychological science and with related disciplines; Foster global connections among psychological scientists; Engage the public with our research to promote broader understanding and awareness of psychological science; and Advocate for increased support and appreciation of psychological science. Join by July 15th Check out the May/June issue of the Observer, The Many Shapes of Applied Save 30% Psychological Science, at: Use Promo Code ICAP18 psychologicalscience.org/issue/mayjune18 Learn more about APS and its Members psychologicalscience.org/about TABLE OF CONTENTS Letters . 1 General Information, Social/Networking Events . 10 Venu Map . 11 Pre-Congress Workshops and Events . 12 Closed Meeting Schedule . 13 2018 IAAP Division and CPA Section Annual Meetings and Receptions . 14 ICAP 2018 Congress Invited Speakers . 17 IAAP Division and CPA Section Invited Program . 21 TUESDAY JUNE 26 . 36 WEDNESDAY JUNE 27 . 106 THURSDAY JUNE 28 . 180 FRIDAY JUNE 29 . 254 SATURDAY JUNE 30 . 331 2018 EXHIBITORS . 366 Credentialing Distinguish Scholarships available for doctoral students and ECPs. Yourself Credentials Banking Licensure Mobility Clinical Content Advocacy Referrals CEs Tayeba Shaikh, PsyD Credentialed Since 2017 National Register NationalRegister.org • 202-783-7663 of Health Service Psychologists PSYCHOLOGY: CONNECTING SCIENCE TO SOLUTIONS III AREYOU WITH US? Members of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) can join more than 8,200+ psychologists, in the largest professional liability program available for psychological practitioners in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Henry Moore Institute Online Papers and Proceedings
    Jürgen Partenheimer Carola Giedion Welcker at Doldertal – A personal encounter between literature and art 9 June 2006 Source: Henry Moore Institute Online Papers and Proceedings www.henry-moore.org/hmi This article has been downloaded from the Henry Moore Institute’s collection of Online Papers and Proceedings, an online publishing facility bringing you the most recent developments in sculpture studies from both inside and outside the Institute. Here you'll find proceedings from many of the Institute's international conferences as well as the latest research from both up-and-coming and established scholars. Copyright remains with the author. Any reproduction must be authorised by the author. Contact: [email protected] The Henry Moore Institute is a world-recognised centre for the study of sculpture in the heart of Leeds. An award-winning exhibitions venue, research centre, library and sculpture archive, the Institute hosts a year-round programme of exhibitions, conferences and lectures, as well as developing research and publications, to expand the understanding and scholarship of historical and contemporary sculpture. The Institute is a part of The Henry Moore Foundation, which was set up by Moore in 1977 to encourage appreciation of the visual arts, especially sculpture. To subscribe our newsletter email: [email protected] www.twitter.com/HMILeeds 1 Jürgen Partenheimer Carola Giedion Welcker at Doldertal – A personal encounter between literature and art A glimpse rather than a profile. I Let me begin this short article with a quote from a letter, which Carola Giedion-Welcker wrote to me from Zurich on the 7th of October 1975: ‘Just now I have received Les Lauriers sont coupe’ by E.
    [Show full text]
  • STORYTELLER SUPREME Maeve Binchy - a Literary Life
    UCD_OFC.qxd 15/05/2007 10:50 Page 1 UCD ISSUE 12, 2007 CONNECTIONS THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN ALUMNI ENVIRONMENT Frank McDonald on Urban Sprawl VIEW FROM HOME Anne Heraty on Business Success STORYTELLER SUPREME Maeve Binchy - A Literary Life PLUS: EARLSFORT CELEBRATES * RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS * FUTURE FUELS * CLASS NOTES UCD_2-3.qxd 15/05/2007 10:54 Page 3 WELCOME WELCOME TO UCD CONNECTIONS Welcome to this year’s edition of UCD Connections. This magazine contains lots of news about our graduates, where they are and what they are doing. It also aims to keep you informed on developments at your university. In October 2006, the university launched the Gateway Project – a major international architecture competition involving the redevelopment of some 10 hectares around the main entrance of the Belfield campus. The project challenged architects to create a defining structural feature for UCD to serve both as an internationally recognisable landmark and also meet extensive functional requirements. It is to comprise academic, cultural, leisure and business facilities and it marks the start of a 15-year Development Plan for a sustainable, healthy and living campus. Against this backdrop, another important episode of UCD history is playing out. Earlsfort Terrace has been sold to the State to facilitate the redevelopment of the National Concert Hall. UCD can now complete the move to Belfield and deliver on the vision set out by Michael Tierney, President of the university in the 1960s. As we say farewell to Earlsfort Terrace, I am reminded of the origins of that building, which for 124 years played such a central role in UCD life.
    [Show full text]
  • Show World (June 29, 1907)
    HE20™ CENTURY AMUSEMENT WEEKLY I Erc-rnrcra PRICE JUNE 29 190T 10 CENTS General dti DrvnTFn FvriuciVFiYToTHF Pr A SQUARE DEAL FILMS FOR RENT THE BEST ALWAYS CHICAGO HEADQUARTERS FOR MOVING PICTURE MACHINES EUGENE CUNE & CO EUGENE CLINE, Sole Proprietor 59 DEARBORN STREET CHICAGO j SOUVENIR NUMBER FIFTY-TWO PAGES PRICE TEN CENTS THE SHOW WORLD June 29, 1907. 25 WEEKS wanumiBooked by and Affiliated with the Western Vaudeville Managers’ Association Majestic Theatre Building, CHICAGO, ILL. Now Booking Season 1907=08 Artists desiring Fall and early Win= A FEW Advanced Vaudeville Acts ter time should communicate at that appeared on Circuit, Week, June 17th === once with W. F. Keefe, Booking Allen Doone & Co. Representative, care of above Book= Mr. & Mrs. Wm. Robyns ing Association. A courteous and J. C. Nugent & Co. Ann Hamilton & Co. definite reply positively assured. Mr- & Mrs. Perkins Fisher Francis Hoyt & Co. Joseph Lehman & Co. Geo. A. Beane & Co. Harry Garrity & Co. Three Troubadors. Here Are the Rouses: Milton & Delong Sisters. Lockhart Sisters. KENOSHA ESCANABA Dillon & Moore. Mr. & Mrs. W. W. O’Brien. RACINE KALAMAZOO Couture & Gillette. MILWAUKEE BATTLE CREEK Lewis McCord & Co. SHEBOYGAN Five Tetsuwari Japs. JACKSON Four Malverns. FOND DU LAC LANSING Cardonna’s Lions. MANITOWOC Five Lovelands. BAY CITY Dawn of Day. OSHKOSH SAGINAW Four Olifans APPLETON Odell & Kinley, GREEN BAY FLINT De Camo’s Dog. Tops & Topsy. MARINETTE MUSKEGON Renee Family. CALUMET ADRIAN American Newsboys Quartette Devlin & Elwood. MARQUETTE PORT HURON Burke’s Dogs. HAMMOND MICHIGAN CITY Spaulding & Dupree. Anna Eva Ray. Kaufman Sisters. Barry & Wolford. Joseph Callahan. Orgerita Arnold. Jimmy Lucas. Now building Five New Modern Billy Beard.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth of String Theory
    THE BIRTH OF STRING THEORY String theory is currently the best candidate for a unified theory of all forces and all forms of matter in nature. As such, it has become a focal point for physical and philosophical dis- cussions. This unique book explores the history of the theory’s early stages of development, as told by its main protagonists. The book journeys from the first version of the theory (the so-called Dual Resonance Model) in the late 1960s, as an attempt to describe the physics of strong interactions outside the framework of quantum field theory, to its reinterpretation around the mid-1970s as a quantum theory of gravity unified with the other forces, and its successive developments up to the superstring revolution in 1984. Providing important background information to current debates on the theory, this book is essential reading for students and researchers in physics, as well as for historians and philosophers of science. andrea cappelli is a Director of Research at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Florence. His research in theoretical physics deals with exact solutions of quantum field theory in low dimensions and their application to condensed matter and statistical physics. elena castellani is an Associate Professor at the Department of Philosophy, Uni- versity of Florence. Her research work has focussed on such issues as symmetry, physical objects, reductionism and emergence, structuralism and realism. filippo colomo is a Researcher at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Florence. His research interests lie in integrable models in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory. paolo di vecchia is a Professor of Theoretical Physics at Nordita, Stockholm, and at the Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in the History of Prostitution in North Bengal : Colonial and Post - Colonial Perspective
    STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF PROSTITUTION IN NORTH BENGAL : COLONIAL AND POST - COLONIAL PERSPECTIVE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY TAMALI MUSTAFI Under the Supervision of PROFESSOR ANITA BAGCHI DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL RAJA RAMMOHUNPUR DARJEELING, PIN - 734013 WEST BENGAL SEPTEMBER, 2016 DECLARATION I declare that the thesis entitled ‘STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF PROSTITUTION IN NORTH BENGAL : COLONIAL AND POST - COLONIAL PERSPECTIVE’ has been prepared by me under the guidance of Professor Anita Bagchi, Department of History, University of North Bengal. No part of this thesis has formed the basis for the award of any degree or fellowship previously. Date: 19.09.2016 Department of History University of North Bengal Raja Rammohunpur Darjeeling, Pin - 734013 West Bengal CERTIFICATE I certify that Tamali Mustafi has prepared the thesis entitled ‘STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF PROSTITUTION IN NORTH BENGAL : COLONIAL AND POST – COLONIAL PERSPECTIVE’, of the award of Ph.D. degree of the University of North Bengal, under my guidance. She has carried out the work at the Department of History, University of North Bengal. Date: 19.09.2016 Department of History University of North Bengal Raja Rammohunpur Darjeeling, Pin - 734013 West Bengal ABSTRACT Prostitution is the most primitive practice in every society and nobody can deny this established truth. Recently women history is being given importance. Writing the history of prostitution in Bengal had already been started. But the trend of those writings does not make any interest to cover the northern part of Bengal which is popularly called Uttarbanga i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Community Holocaust Memorial Service He Annual Community Holo- Dr
    www.JewishFederationLCC.org Vol. 39, No. 10 n June 2017 / 5777 Annual Community Holocaust Memorial Service he annual Community Holo- Dr. Paul Bartrop, a knowledgeable caust Memorial Service was and respected Holocaust scholar; both Theld on Sunday, April 23 at Jewish and non-Jewish clergy; and lay Temple Beth El. Over 250 people leaders representing their organiza- turned out to recall the victims of the tions. Holocaust, to honor those who sur- The most poignant part of every vived and those who saved them, and Holocaust remembrance is the lighting to help fill our obligation “to remember of the memorial candles by those who and not to forget.” survived the Holocaust. We are blessed Participants in the very moving to have them in our community and service included: Rafael Ruiz, a tal- that they are here to remind future gen- Rabbi Marc Sack of Temple Judea Guest speaker Dr. Paul Bartrop, Director of the ented 16-year-old violinist; pianist and erations of not only remembering the Center for Judaic, Holocaust, and Genocide longtime Jewish community mem- past, but of the importance of building Studies at Florida Gulf Coast University, ber Randy Kashi; an interfaith choir; a safe, more humane world. speaks about “Music and the Holocaust” Rabbi Nicole Luna of Temple Beth El Dr. Paul Bartrop addresses community members who gathered in the Members of the Jewish community and Unitarian Universalist Church, led Temple Beth El sanctuary to remember the victims of the Holocaust by choir director Suellen Kipp, sing music from the Holocaust Rabbi
    [Show full text]
  • FY 2022 National Park Service
    The United States BUDGET Department of the Interior JUSTIFICATIONS and Performance Information Fiscal Year 2022 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NOTICE: These budget justifications are prepared for the Interior, Environment and Related Agencies Appropriations Subcommittees. Approval for release of the justifications prior to their printing in the public record of the Subcommittee hearings may be obtained through the Office of Budget of the Department of the Interior. Printed on Recycled Paper THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK National Park Service FY 2022 Budget Justifications Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE FISCAL YEAR 2022 BUDGET JUSTIFICATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Overview, Tables, and Highlights NPS General Statement ................................................................................................................ Overview-1 Organization Chart ..................................................................................................................... Overview-17 National Park System Units ....................................................................................................... Overview-18 Park Visitation and Acreage ...................................................................................................... Overview-22 Unit Designations and Other Abbreviations .............................................................................. Overview-30 Budget at a Glance ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]