National Capital Region Federal Parking Study
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National Capital Region Federal Parking Study An Accessibility-Based Approach for Federal Facilities Parking Policies September 2017 Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. i REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2017 Final Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. FUNDING NUMBERS National Capital Region Federal Parking Study VXT7A1 6. AUTHOR(S) 5b. CONTRACT NUMBER David Daddio, Stephen Zitzow-Childs, Jessica Baas, Drew Quinton, and Scott Smith 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) REPORT NUMBER U.S. Department of Transportation John A Volpe National Transportation Systems Center 55 Broadway DOT-VNTSC-NCPC-18-01 Cambridge, MA 02142-1093 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING National Capital Planning Commission AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 401 9th Street, NW Washington, DC 20004 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Project Manager: David Daddio 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE This document is available to the public on the NCPC website at http://www.ncpc.gov. 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) The U.S. Department of Transportation John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center conducted a review of the National Capital Planning Commission’s (NCPC) Comprehensive Plan parking ratio policies in light of industry best practices and available data. The study team reviewed the transportation literature, analyzed the parking policies of local jurisdictions, and assessed current and predicted future transportation accessibility at a range of federal facility locations throughout the NCR. The analysis included a novel application of home-to-work accessibility data from a regional travel demand model, which explains 71 percent of the variation in the provision of parking across 20 sampled federal facilities in the region. Industry best practices and available data point to opportunities for NCPC’s parking policies to be more data-driven, standardized, and performance-based. The study recommendations and underlying analysis is intended to inform potential updates to NCPC’s parking ratio policies, guidelines, and plan development processes. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES Parking Policy, Transportation Demand Management, Transportation Accessibility, Regional Transportation 139 Model, National Capital Region 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unlimited Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 298-102 ii Acknowledgements The U.S. Department of Transportation John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) prepared this study on behalf of the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC). The study team consisted of David Daddio (team leader), Jessica Baas, and Drew Quinton of the Transportation Planning Division, Stephen Zitzow-Childs of the Organization Performance Division, and Scott Smith of the Technology Innovation & Policy Division. Kael Anderson of NCPC’s Planning Research and Policy Division was the project lead. Michael Weil, Michael Sherman, Jennifer Hirsch, and Paul Jutton contributed to the effort. NCPC and the Volpe Center would like to thank the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments for providing access to the regional transportation model. Dusan Vuksan, Ronald Milone, and Meseret Seifu fielded questions and supplied model outputs. iii Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 1 Study Purpose and Scope .................................................................................................................................. 1 Study Findings ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Key Study Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Recommendations.............................................................................................................................................. 8 2. Background and Context ...................................................................................................... 12 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 NCPC Parking Policy ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Current and Projected Land Use and Transportation Conditions in the National Capital Region ............... 13 Historical Context of Parking Policy ................................................................................................................. 18 Parking Policies at Principal Federal Agencies ............................................................................................... 23 Study Assumptions ........................................................................................................................................... 27 3. Literature Review .................................................................................................................. 28 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 28 Developing Parking Policy ................................................................................................................................ 28 Case Studies ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 Literature Review Findings ............................................................................................................................... 36 4. Local Parking Comparison .................................................................................................... 38 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 Background and Approach ............................................................................................................................... 38 Recent Zoning Code Updates........................................................................................................................... 39 Parking Provision and Variance Processes in the NCR .................................................................................. 40 Overview of Local Jurisdiction Parking Regulations/Guidelines .................................................................... 42 Local Parking Comparison Findings ................................................................................................................ 46 5. Modeling Analysis ................................................................................................................. 49 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 49 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................................... 49 Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................. 57 Developing New Parking Policies using the Accessibility Analysis ................................................................. 69 Modeling Analysis Findings .............................................................................................................................. 74 Appendix A: NCPC Master Plan Review Process Summary ..................................................... 76 Appendix B: NCPC’s Transportation Management Plan Standards ........................................ 79 Appendix C: Historic Context of NCPC’s Parking Policies ........................................................ 81 Appendix D: Federal Employee Commuting Policies ............................................................... 85 Appendix E: Transportation Demand Management Strategies