Oil Heritage Region Management Action Plan Update Executive Summary
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Oil Heritage Region Management Action Plan Update Executive Summary Prepared for the Oil Heritage Region, Inc. prepared by in association with ICON architecture, inc. Economics Research Associates, Inc. Mackin Engineering Company John Veverka & Associates Oil Heritage Region, Inc. Board Members (2004) Ex-Offi cio Board Members Lynn Cochran, President Jean H. Cutler, Bureau for Historic Preservation, Pennsylvania Roxanne Hitchcock, Vice President Historical and Museum Commission Betsy Kellner, Secretary Jennifer Hall, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Neil McElwee, Treasurer Protection Barbara Zolli, Immediate Past-President Janeal Hedman, Allegheny National Forest Michael Allyn Gary Hutchison, Venango County Commissioner Ronnie Beith Christopher Johnston, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Dan Bickel Mark Kulich, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation John C. Cramer Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Judith A. Downs Resources Janet Gatesman William Petit, Engineering District 1-0, Pennsylvania Department Kim Harris of Transportation Daniel E. Higham Robert Skarada, Northwest Pennsylvania Regional Planning and James Holden Development Commission Rep. Scott Hutchinson M. Frances Stein, Pennsylvania State Parks, Pennsylvania Tracy Jamieson Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Margo Mong Cecile Stelter, Bureau of Forestry, Pennsylvania Department of Jack Preston Conservation and Natural Resources Ann Rudegeair Ron Shoup Betty Squire Steering Committee Warren Thomas C.J. Tisi Lynn Cochran, President, OHR, Inc. William Walker Joe DiBello, National Park Service, Northeast Regional Offi ce Dillon Wescoat Kim Harris, OHR, Inc. Kneal Wiegel, III Tracy Jamieson, Director, Franklin Department of Community Lynn Zillmer Development Denise Jones, Chief Clerk for County of Venango Timothy A. Keptner, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation, Pennsylvania Heritage Parks Program Mark Kulich, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation Neil McElwee, Oil City, City Council Robert Murray, Former Venango County Commissioner Peter Samuel, National Park Service, Northeast Regional Offi ce Ronald Shoup, Oil City Area Chamber of Commerce Susan Smith, Venango County Commissioner Betty Squire, Oil Heritage Region Tourist Promotion Agency, Inc. Barbara Zolli, Site Administrator, Drake Well Museum This project was fi nanced in part by a Pennsylvania Heritage Parks Program Grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation, via Oil Heritage Region, Inc. Additional funding was furnished by the County of Venango. Oil Heritage Region Management Action Plan Update Executive Summary 2004 The Oil Heritage Region is one of the most authentic and powerful of the heritage areas in the United States. The form and culture of this region bear the imprint of the oil industry: from the town centers that were developed with oil profi ts to the oil leases and equipment that dot the landscape and are often plainly visible from a road. The story of oil is interpreted in many venues, ranging from the state-operated Drake Well Museum, on the site where the initial well was drilled, to small locally managed museums and collections. Moreover, the area has a dra- matic natural landscape that is increasingly appreciated by residents and tourists, oriented to the Allegheny River and its tributaries, including the Oil Creek Valley, the locus of “oil fever” in the second half of the 19th century. Purpose of this Plan This Management Plan Update, prepared for This document updates a 1994 Management Ac- the Oil Heritage Region, Inc. (OHR, Inc.), now tion Plan for the Oil Heritage Region (OHR) that led operating as the Oil Region Alliance of Busi- to the designation of Venango County and portions ness, Industry and Tourism (Oil Region Alliance of Crawford County as a state heritage park by the or ORA), is intended to assist this innovative Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In the ten years management entity to most effectively use its since completion of the Plan, and with the help of resources to capitalize on these assets and accom- over $3.3 million in grants through the Pennsylvania plish its mission. 1 Heritage Parks Program of the state’s Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, OHR, Inc. has been instrumental in working with part- Above: Shooting a well (Mather Photo- ners across the region, facilitating a total of $21.7 graph, DW#95). million of total investment in the key resources of this signifi cant area. These investments have sup- ported creation and expansion of an outstanding regional recreational trail system, improvements to interpretive venues, historic preservation projects, 1 Since the plan was prepared public environment improvements and economic for OHR, Inc. but will be development in the region’s historic downtowns, implemented by ORA, both and expanded management capability. entities are referred to in this report. In general, OHR, Inc. refers to the entity that has been With this strong record of accomplishment, as well Above: The Drake Well Museum active through the period that captures the dynamic of the oil as the passing of a decade since the completion of includes the preparation of this business, including an operating the original plan, an update of the Management plan whereas ORA refers to the Central Station that is linked to Plan was timely to take account of changed market entity that will implement these pumps across the site. recommendations. Where the conditions, evolving project needs, and the oppor- abbreviation OHR is used, this Left, inside front cover: View of tunity to build upon the region’s successes. refers to the overall Oil Heritage former Atlantic/Eclipse Refi nery, Region. Franklin, along the Allegheny River, circa 1890 (DW#1324). 1 Cover: “Drilling for Oil” (DW#1065). Oil Heritage Region Management Action Plan Update Signifi cance of the Oil Heritage Region Oil was commercially recovered in the Oil Creek Franklin and Emlenton. Each of these urban areas Valley of northwestern Pennsylvania beginning in feature extant oil related settings, landmarks, and 1859. The tools, the terminology, the extraction, distinctive residential, commercial and industrial the transportation, and the fi nancial norms for the architecture. oil industry, which are used throughout the world The remnants of the oil industry are also evident today, were developed here in the latter part of across the region. Abandoned boomtown settle- 19th century. Heroes and scoundrels, enormous ments, oil farms, and inactive oil fi elds provide re- riches, violence, and environmental damage are minders of past lifeways. Of the more than 8,000 Above: The new Black Gold/Black part of this story.2 Magic exhibit in the Venango Museum reported abandoned (oil and gas) wells in Penn- of Art, Science, & Industry in Oil City. The commercial history of petroleum in the United sylvania, approximately 1,932 exist in Venango States began at Drake Well along Oil Creek near County, with 228 of those being slated for plug- Titusville, Pennsylvania. Edwin L. Drake, the agent ging.3 This situation is a reminder of the continuing for the Seneca Oil Company of New Haven, Con- environmental consequences of the region’s early necticut, and William Smith, a salt well driller from oil boom. Sites of former refi neries and operating Tarentum, Pennsylvania, successfully brought in the oil leases that have been in continuous operation world’s fi rst drilled well on August 27, 1859. The since the region’s boom days provide excellent well depth of 69-½ feet produced 20 barrels per opportunities to interpret the continuing legacy of day for nearly three years. the oil industry. Oil well drilling required suction pumps to remove Finally, this region communicates a story of people natural gas from the wells, leading eventually to who realized the opportunities (and experienced the early development of the natural gas industry. the tragedies) of a business that transformed whole Natural gas was initially considered a hazardous societies as well as individual lives and entire and unusable by-product of the oil wells, but quick- landscapes. Traditions associated with oil heritage ly became a signifi cant lighting and fuel source are carried on through festivals, events, and other in the region. In 1867, natural gas was piped to activities including several Boomtown Days, Oil some of Oil City’s homes for cooking and heating Field Picnic, Oil Heritage festivals. This story of an purposes. The Emlenton Gas Light and Fuel Com- industry of worldwide enormous economic, social, pany was organized in 1882, the fi rst natural gas and technological signifi cance can be powerfully company chartered in the state and only the third in understood in this corner of Pennsylvania. the United States. Drake Well Museum, operated by the Pennsyl- vania Historical and Museum Commission, is the second largest fee attraction in the PHMC system and offers powerful interpretations of the stories and resources of the oil industry. Other museums and visitor attractions, including the Oil Creek & Titusville Railroad that traverses Oil Creek Valley, site of many early episodes of frenzied exploration, provide important interpretation of the industry and 2 The text is this section is local history. However, this region has an authen- largely excerpted from a ticity and powerful heritage that transcends any Right: View of