Content of Anthocyanins and Flavonols in the Fruits of Cornus Spp

Agrobiodivers Improv Nutr Health Life Qual, 5, 2021(1): 9–17

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/ainhlq.2021.0002

Research Article Content of anthocyanins and flavonols in the fruits of Cornus spp.

Volodymyr Levon*, Svitlana Klymenko

M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Article Details: Received: 2021-02-17 Accepted: 2021-03-16 Available online: 2021-05-31

The genetic pool of the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (NBG) of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine includes more than 100 specimens collected from wild and cultivated plants in Ukraine, and cultivars of Bulgarian, Slovak, English, Austrian and Georgian selection. The genetic pool of cornelian cherry of the NBG presents a rich variety of biological and economic properties. Data on the content Cornus mas cultivars with early, medium and late fruit maturation periods are presented. The fruits of the Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (CO-01, CO-02) and the hybrid Cornus mas × Cornusof anthocyanins officinalis and(cultivars flavonols Etude in theNo 1fruits and Noof 2) were also studied. As a result of the study, it was found that the Cornus C. mas

content of anthocyaninsC. masand flavonols in the fruits of has a significant difference in cultivars. Among cultivarsShajdarovoi, with Vydubetskyi early fruit ripening, and Titus, the among most thepromising C. mas cultivarsas a source with of abioflavonoids late fruit ripening preparations period, theare most’Pervenets‘ promising and ’Volodimirskij‘,are the cultivar among Sokoline. Also cultivars promising with are an the average hybrid fruit C. masripening × C. period,officinalis the (cultivar most promising Etude No. are 1 the and cultivars No. 2). TheseMrіya most promising cultivars and forms must commend for use in the food and medical sectors of the national economy.

Keywords: Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis

, cultivar, fruits, anthocyanins, flavonols Introduction converted into excellent cultivated plants by breeding. Subgenus Cornus L., which has a fragmented areal on These plants include C. mas a very ancient fruit the globe, is represented by four species: Cornus mas valuable food, medicinal, soil protection, ornamental L. – in the west of the continent of Eurasia, C. officinalis plant, used in the Neolithic era. The modern range of Sieb. et Zucc. – in Japan, China and Korea, C. chinensis cornelian cherry is the Pontic Mediterranean region: Wanger. – in the central region of China and C. sessilis the southern Mediterranean regions of Europe, the Toor. – in North America (Browic, 1986). southern foothills of the eastern Carpathians, as well as the Crimea, Caucasus and Asia Minor (Klymenko, C. mas (cornelian cherry) is a very ancient, cultivated 1990). Cornelian cherry is a culture that meets the plant, known in Ukraine as a culture since the time standards of the time. According to the literature data of Kievan Rus. The development of horticulture in and our research cornelian cherry yields are abundant Russia was associated with famous monasteries, and stable in culture (Klymenko, 2004; Klymenko et especially Vydubetsky, Mezhyhirsky, Kyiv-Pechersk al., 2017b). The plant bares large juicy fruits, while Lavra, it was here that many plants were introduced not demanding thorough care. Its cultivation is very into culture, including cornelian cherry. The forms of productive. Plants are usually not damaged by vermin these plants are very diverse, many of them can be and illnesses and do not need pest treatments. directly introduced into the culture, and some can be

*Corresponding Author: Levon Volodymyr, M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01014, Kyiv, Timiryazevska st. 1, Ukraine *

[email protected] © Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra – 9 – ISSN 2585-8246 www.uniag.sk Agrobiodivers Improv Nutr Health Life Qual, 5, 2021(1): 9–17

C. mas is recognized as a source of polyphenols, tannins, astringents and disinfectants, selectively acting even anthocyanins, and iridoids, all of which are present on dysentery bacillus, typhoid pathogens. Cornelian in both its fruits and leaves (Kucharska et al., 2015; cherry is also used for rheumatism, colds, fever and Szczepaniak et al., 2019). skin diseases (Blaze, 2000). A high number of bioactive compounds have been C. officinalis – native to Japan, Northeast China and C. mas fruits (Klymenko et al., 2019), Korea, is virtually unknown in Europe and grows only in the collections of Botanical Gardens. C. officinalis identifiedespecially byin acting as potent antioxidants (Moldovan a relative of C. mas, native to northeastern China and amongand David, which 2017). flavonoids Two exert iridoids favourable (loganic health acid effects and Korea. It is cultivated in large areas in Japan – the local name – sandzaki. It is one of the important types of plant material used in Chinese traditional medicine. incornuside) cornelian andcherry five fruits. anthocyanins The MS fragmentation(delphinidin, Is being quite common in Asia, and the UK, it is pathwayscyanidin, andof the pelargonidin two iridoids glycosides) were studied. were The identified content used even more widely than C. mas. In its homeland, of total iridoids in cornelian cherry fruits covered C. officinalis is widely known as a medicinal plant. a wide range, from 86.91 to 493.69 mg/100 g fw. Studies conducted in vitro and in vivo have shown Loganic acid was the most dominant iridoid compound a multi-faceted protective effect of fruit extract against diabetes and its complications, in particular a diabetic 88–96 % of total iridoids. nephropathy. Decoctions of fruits and leaves are used identified in cornelian cherry fruits and amounted to in folk medicine as a tonic, stimulating and astringent In most C. mas fruits, pelargonidin-3-galactopyranoside (Klymenko, 2002; Klymenko and Ilyinska, 2020). was dominant (Kucharskaa, et al., 2015). Cyanidin-3- rhamnosylgalactoside, a new anthocyanin, was isolated Besides, we have researched cultivar Etude, which is C. mas. Cyanidin-3- C. officinalis × C. mas. galactoside and delphinidin-3-galactoside were also Genotype obtained from grafting C. officinalis on C. mas and identified from the berries of an(Klymenko artificial andhybrid Ilyinska, from crossing2020). identified (Du and Francis, 1973). The presence of a large amount of biologically active but also in seeds, buds, shoots, leaves, pollen and bee substances in representatives of the Cornaceae pollenBioactive e.g. compounds (Brindza etare al., present 2009; not Krivoruchko only in flowers, etal., family not only makes them a valuable medicinal raw 2011; Hosseinpour-Jaghdani et al., 2017; Klymenko material but also increases their resistance to many et al., 2017a; Levon et al., 2017; Brindza et al., 2018; stress factors. Long-term observations have shown Grygorieva et al., 2020; Przybylska et al., 2020). that representatives of the Cornaceae family have extremely high resistance to both pests and adverse C. mas is weather conditions, plants bloom profusely and give birth (Klymenko, 2000). The content ofC. flavonoids officinalis –in 1448.9 leaves mg/100of g (in 847.6 mg/100 g, in flowers – 1704.9 mg/100 g; All parts of plants of species of representatives of inC. masflowers of C. officinalis – the Cornaceae family (fruits, leaves, bark, roots) are 124.9terms mg/100of rutin). g The(in contentterms of of chlorogenic acids in flowers acid). Inof medicinal raw materials and have long been used in leaves ofis 41.5 C. mas mg/100 g, in flowers of folk medicine for the treatment of anaemia, metabolic C. mas and C. officinalis – chlorogenic and ellagic acids, disorders, as an anti-scurvy, antidiabetic agent rutin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside rutin was identified, and quercetin. in flowers The of Very often medicinal cornel is used as an anti-diabetic (Krivoruchko, 2018). Based on HPLC–PDA–MS/MSn (Mamedov et al., 1990; Czerwińska and Melzig, 2018). flavonoid rutin predominates in all studied samples treat diabetes, they reduce the level of glucose in the quercetin, kaempferol, and aromadendrin glycosilated blood,medicinal increases plant, the especially enzymatic in activityEast Asia. of the Fresh pancreas, fruit derivativesanalysis eight (Pawlowska, compounds et al., have 2010). been identified as stimulate the processes of digestion. In Tibetan Juice, jam and compote from C. mas fruits are useful medicine, bark and leaves of medicinal cornel are used for anaemia, liver diseases, gout, stomach diseases for the treatment of pleurisy, fever, powder of dried fruits to treat kidney illnesses (nephritis) (Yokozawa et known as antipyretic and diuretic agents, and from the al., 2009; Cao et al., 2011). (Sklyarevsky,bark – as a tonic 1975), and Infusions stimulating of leaves (Chikov and and flowers Laptev, are The purpose of this study was to determine the content 1976). Medicines from fruits and leaves are used as

of anthocyanins and flavonols in the fruits of plants of © Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra – 10 – ISSN 2585-8246 www.uniag.sk Agrobiodivers Improv Nutr Health Life Qual, 5, 2021(1): 9–17 the genus Cornus. This will allow us to identify the most promising cultivars and forms for use in the food and in 95 % ethanol was added, and the volume of the medical sectors of the national economy. solutionflask, 1 mlwas of brought a 2 % tosolution the mark of aluminumwith 95 % chloridealcohol. The optical density of the solution was measured after Material and methodology 20 minutes at a wavelength of 390 nm in a cuvette with a layer thickness of 10 mm. The control was a mixture Biological material of solutions of aluminum chloride and acetic acid (Andreeva and Kalinkina, 2000). Biochemical studies were carried out on fruits dried in a well-ventilated room in the absence of direct The number of parallel measurements was 3. The sunlight at a temperature of 20–25 °C and crushed in accuracy of the method was in the range of 0.3–2.0 %. an electric mill. The fruits of Cornus mas plant cultivars The obtained data were presented in mg/100 g DM. The optical density of all the studied solutions was were studied with early (Radіst, Olena, Ekzotychnyi, Volodymyrskyi, Samofertylnyi, Alyosha, Koralovyi (Poland). Marka),Nespodivanyi, intermediate Elegantnyi, (Koralovyi, Nіkolka, Nizhnyi,Yantarnyi, Pervenets, Medok, measured using a Zalimp KF 77 spectrophotometer Priorskyi, Yevgeniia, Svitliachok, Vyshgorodskyi, Statistical analysis Lukianivskyi, Mriia Shaidarovoi, Starokyivskyi, Statistically processed data is shown on histograms as arithmetic means and their standard errors. The Kolisnyk),Yoliko, Tіtus, hybrid Oryginalnyi, Cornus masKostia, × Vydubetskyi)Cornus officinalis and late(cultivars (Semen, Etude Sokolyne, No 1 andYuvileinyi No 2) Klymenko, and two varietiesKozerіg, analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics, significance level was set at α = 0.05. The statistical of C. officinalis (CO-01 and CO-02). Plants collected release 26.0.0.1.

Acclimatization in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Results and discussion from the collection of Department of Fruit Plants Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG) at the stage of According to our previous data (Ma et al., 2014; Biaggi et al., 2018; Bayram and Ozturkcan, 2020; Demir et al., were carried out in the laboratory of Department of 2020), representatives of the genus Cornus are rich fructification during 2019–2020. Biochemical analyses in biologically active compounds. A major role in the Botanical Garden. formation of medicinal properties of cornelian cherry Fruit Plants Acclimatization of M.M. Gryshko National is due to the action of the secondary metabolites of Determination of total anthocyanins content The quantity of anthocyanins was determined using (Lila, 2004, Horbowicz et al., 2008), which are also a spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of theconsidered class of asflavonoids environmental – anthocyanins markers ofand plants flavonols and 530 nm, using alcohol extraction from a homogenate participate in adaptive reactions of the plant organism (Minaeva, 1978; Lukner, 1979; Levon and Golubkova, acid (Kriventsov, 1982). 2016; Levon and Goncharovska, 2017). of plant raw materials acidified with 3.5 % hydrochloric The number of parallel determinations was 3. The accuracy of the method was in the range of 2.5–4.8 %. The data obtained were presented as mg/100 g dry Recentlywith proteins, it was whichfound thatperform flavonoids regulatory affect functionssignalise matter (DM) in terms of cyanidin glycosides. processes in living systems due to specific interactions play an important role in the protection of plants Determination of total flavonols content against(Stevenson bacterial, and Hurst,viral and 2007). fungal Besides, infections, flavonoids against the intrusion of vermin and insect damage. The crushed fruits weighing 0.2–0.3 g was transferred to To determine flavonols, an analytical sample of dried redox processes that occur in plants (Tarahovsky et biologicalal., 2013). Physicalrole of flavonoids damage to isplant their tissues involvement also leads in a flask, 3 ml of 80 % ethyl alcohol was added, and heated to starting of the processes of oxidative degradation with a reflux coolbox for 45 minutes in a water bath. After that, the flask was cooled to room temperature infections (Walker, 1998). of flavonoids, preventing the development of wound wasand thebrought suspension to the markwas filtered with 80 through % alcohol a paper (solution filter The amount of anthocyanin in some cultivars of C. mas A).into 2 aml 100 of solutionml volumetric A was placedflask. The in a resulting 25 ml volumetric solution breeding of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of

300 a 250 DM

200 a /100

mg 150 b c d b b 100 de c de c de c d e d e d 50 e e f g f 0 123456789101112

Figure 1 Anthocyanins FlavonolsCornus mas L. cultivars with an early ripening period:

The content of anthocyanins and flavonols in the fruits of differences1 – Radіst; 2 in – Olena; the mean 3 – Ekzotychnyi; at p <0.05)) 4 – Nespodivanyi; 5 – Elegantnyi; 6 – Nikolka; 7 – Nizhnyi; 8 – Pervenets; 9 – Volodymyrskyi; 10 – Samofertylnyi; 11 – Alyosha; 12 – Koralovyi Marka (different superscripts in each column indicate the significant the NAS of Ukraine was in the range 477.1–850.0 mg% have a fairly high anthocyanin content – 158 mg/100 g in the peel, 7.8–190.6 mg% the pulp (Klymenko, 2001). C. mas Studies of the content of anthocyanins in Cornus mas cultivars with an early ripening period is in the range of fruits were conducted in the Vlasina region (Serbia). DM. The content of flavonols in the fruits of The anthocyanin content was determined using in fruits also has the cv. Pervenets – 176 mg/100 g DM spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid 34–176 mg/100 g DM. The highest content of flavonols chromatography (HPLC) assays. The total anthocyanin (FigureWe conducted 1). a correlation analysis between the 2015). This result is comparable to the results of our of C. mas cultivars with an early ripening period. We research.content was 1383.2 mg/kg FW (Anđelković et al., foundcontent a veryof anthocyanins high correlation and betweenflavonols the in contentthe fruits of New data for comparative analysis of different plant C. mas plants C. mas are presented. anthocyanins and flavonols in the fruits of The anthocyanin content in C. mas fruits with partsanalysed (leaf, using flower and fruit) standard of spectrophotometric with the early period of fruit maturation (r = 0.955). in vitro an intermediate ripening period is in the range methods.Total phenolic Biological content, material flavonoid of concentrations was collected are C. mas of 10–166 mg/100 g DM. The highest content of anthocyanins in fruits has the cv. Mriia Shaidarovoi – from the fruit:region methanol, of Pčinja water, river gorgeethyl acetate,in south acetone, Serbia. has a fairly high anthocyanin content – 142 mg/100 g petroleumDifferent solvents ether (Stankovic were used et al., to 2014). extract Water flavonoids extracts 166 mg/100 g DM. Fruits of the cv. VyshgorodskyiC. alsomas of fruits have indicators of 3.53 mg/g in terms C. mas cultivars with an intermediate ripening period is in the rangeDM. The of 27–165content mg/100 of flavonols g DM. in The the highest fruits contentof of compared to our studies. C. mas fruit extracts with ethyl acetateof flavonoid show content. a very highThese result results – 41.49 have amg/g. higher The result use of weakly polar solvents increases the completeness of flavonols in fruits has the cv. Titus – 165 mg/100 g DM C. mas fruits. (FigureA correlation 2). analysis between the content of C. mas plants As a result of our research, it was found that anthocyanin the extraction of flavonoids from with an intermediate fruit ripening period showed content in C. mas fruits with an early ripening period anthocyanins and flavonols in the fruits of is in the range of 9–259 mg/100 g DM. The highest content of anthocyanins in fruits has the cv. Pervenets – a moderateThe anthocyanin correlation content (r = in0.591). Cornus mas fruits with 259 mg/100 g DM. Also, fruits of the cv. Volodymyrskyi a late ripening period is in the range of 33–96 mg/100 g

200 180 a a

DM 160 ab g

ab ab 140 b b

/100 120

b c b

mg 100 bc bc bc 80 d d c c d d d 60 d de de d e 40 f f e 20 e e 0 123456789101112131415

Figure 2 Anthocyanins FlavonolsCornus mas L. cultivars with an intermediate ripening period: The1 – Koralovyi; content of 2 anthocyanins– Yantarnyi; 3 – and Medok; flavonols 4 – Priorskyi; in the fruits 5 – Yevgeniia; of 6 – Svitliachok; 7 – Vyshgorodskyi; 8 – Lukianivskyi; 9 – Mriia Shaidarovoi; 10 – Starokyivskyi; 11 – Yoliko; 12 – Titus; 13 – Oryginalnyi; 14 – Kostia; 15 – Vydubetskyi (different

superscripts in each column indicate the significant differences in the mean at p <0.05)) DM. The highest content of anthocyanins in fruits has We compared the average content of anthocyanins and the cv. Sokolyne – 96 mg/100 g DM. The content of C. mas cultivars with early, C. mas cultivars with a late intermediate and late ripening. The diagram shows ripening period is in the range of 36–88 mg/100 g DM. aflavonols decrease in in the the fruitscontent of of the studied compounds in flavonols in the fruits of cultivars with a late fruiting period. This may be due to a decrease in the length of daylight, which correlates The highest content of flavonols in fruits also has the with the quantitative content of anthocyanins and Conducting a correlation analysis between the content cv. Sokolyne – 88 mg/100 g DM (Figure 3). C. mas cultivars with C. mas cultivars with an early fruit ripening period were selected at the a late ripening period showed a high level of correlation flavonols (Pan and Guo, 2016). of flavonols and anthocyanins for end of August, C. mas cultivars with an intermediate

(r = 0.918).

120 a 100

DM a

g b 80 /100

b mg 60 c b bc c 40 d c

0 12345

Figure 3 Anthocyanins CornusFlavonols mas L. cultivars with a late ripening period: The content of anthocyanins and flavonols in the fruits of 1 – Semen; 2 – Sokolyne; 3 – Yuvileinyi Klymenko; 4 – Kozerіg; 5 – Kolisnyk (different superscripts in each column indicate the significant differences in the mean at p <0.05))

100,000 a a 90,000 a 80,000 DM

b g 70,000 b

/100 60,000 c

mg 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0,000 123

Figure 4 Anthocyanins FlavonolsCornus mas fruits with early, medium and late ripening periods: Comparison of the average anthocyanin and flavonol content in differences in the mean at p <0.05)) 1 – early fruiting; 2 – medium fruiting; 3 – late fruiting (different superscripts in each column indicate the significant fruit ripening period were selected at the beginning cultivars of C. mas and amounts to 99–117 mg/100 g of September. In this case, the length of daylight DM. The anthocyanin content in Cornus officinalis fruits C. mas cultivars with late is in the range of 52–93 mg/100 g DM, in comparison fruit ripening were selected in early October. During with the content of anthocyanins in the fruits of C. mas thishas not period, changed the daylightsignificantly. hours became much shorter. cultivars with a late ripening period in the range of 33–96 mg/100 g DM.

ThisIt was difference found that is visiblethe content on the of histogram anthocyanins (Figure in the4). C. mas × fruits of hybrid C. mas × C. officinalis C. officinalis exceeds their content in the fruits of C. officinalis and fruitsThe content of Cornus of flavonolsmas, but in in comparison the fruits of with hybrid the content significantly significantly exceeds their content in the

140 a 120 b

DM a b

g 100 b b

/100 80

mg 60 c

0 1234

Figure 5 Anthocyanins FlavonolsCornus officinalis and Cornus mas × Cornus officinalis (cultivar Etude): 1The – C. content officinalis of (CO-01);anthocyanins 2 – C. officinalisand flavonols (CO-02); in the3 – fruitscultivar of Etude No 1; 4 – cultivar Etude No 2 (different superscripts

in each column indicate the significant differences in the mean at p <0.05)

C. officinalis is within the I., RAKOTONIAINA, E.N., BECCARO, G.L. 2018. Cornus mas (L.) fruit as a potential source of hybridof flavonols C. mas in × theC. officinalis fruits of is 83–84 mg/100 g DM, in natural health-promoting compounds: physico- chemical characterisation of bioactive components. thesame fruits limits. of C.The officinalis content – of69–97 flavonols mg/100 in theg DM, fruits in the of In Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., vol. 73(2), p. 89–94. fruits of C. mas cultivars with a late ripening period – https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0663-4

36–88 mg/100 g DM (Figure 5). Conclusions BRINDZA,bee pollen J., MOTYLEVA, from certain S. et plantal. 2018. species] Peľ a1. včelie vyd., peľovéNitra: obnôžky z niektorých druhov rastlín [Pollen and The amplitude of variability in the content of 978-80-552-1862-5. [In Slovak] spp. Cornus BRINDZA,Slovenská P., poľnohospodárskaBRINDZA, J., TÓTH, univerzita, D., 134KLYMENKO, s. ISBN genotypes were studied. It is shown that the differences S.V., GRYGORIEVA, O.V. 2009. Biological and inanthocyanins the content and of flavonolsthese compounds in the fruits are of determined commercial characteristics of cornelian cherry by the genetic properties of the varieties and the (Cornus mas L.) population in the Gemer region of ripening period of the fruits. Cultivars Pervenets, Slovakia. In Acta Horticulturae, vol. 818, p. 85–94. Volodymyrskyi, Mriia Shaidarovoi, Vydubetskyi, Titus, https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.818.11 Sokolyne (C. mas), as well as hybrid C. mas × C. officinalis BROWICZ, K. 1986. Chorology of trees and shrubs in South- (cultivars Etude No. 1 and No. 2) have the highest West Asia and Adjacent Regions. In Polish Sci. Publiscers, content of these compounds. A correlation was found vol. 5, p. 87. CAO, G., SHAN, Q.Y. ZHANG, CH., ZHANG, Y., CAI, H., CONG, X. 2011. Pharmacokinetic parameters of morroniside the fruits of C. mas between the content of flavonols and anthocyanins in based on back-propagation neural network. In cultivars. The correlation coefficient Pharmaceuticalin iridoid glycosides Biology of, Fructusvol. 49, corni p. processing989–993. ranges0.918) infrom cultivars moderate with (r an = early 0.591) and in late cultivars fruit ripening with an https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2010.551780 average fruit ripening period, too high (r = 0.955 and r = CHIKOV, P.S., LAPTEV Yu.P. 1976. Vitaminnye i lekarstvennye and anthocyanins in the fruits of C. mas cultivars with rasteniya [Vitamin and medicinal plants]. M.: Kolos, 319 aperiod. late fruit A decrease ripening inperiod the average was found. content We assumeof flavonols that p. [In Russian] this may be due to a reduction in the length of daylight Cornus mas hours. High content of biologically active substances and Cornus officinalis – analogies and differences in Cornus CZERWIŃSKA,of two M.E.,medicinal MELZIG plants, M.F. traditionally2018. used. allows using raw materials as an active prophylactic In Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 9, p. 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00894 and therapeutic fruits, agent.including anthocyanins and flavonols, DEMIR, B., SAYINCI, B., SÜMBÜL, A., YAMAN, M., YILDIZ, . 2020. References Bioactive compounds and physical attributes ofE., ÇETIN,Cornus N.,mas KARAKAYA,genotypes O.,through ERCIŞLI, multivariate S , approaches. In Folia Hort., vol. 32(2), p. 189–202. ANĐELKOVIĆ,V. 2015. TheA.M., anthocyanin RADOVANOVIĆ, content B.,and ANĐELKOVIĆ,bioactivity of cornelianM., RADOVANOVIĆ, cherry (Cornus A., NIKOLIĆ,mas) and V., wild RANĐELOVIĆ blackberry Cornus mas. https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0018 (Rubus fruticosus In Phytochemistry, vol. 12(10), p. 2487–2489. region. In Advanced Technologies, vol. 4(2), p. 26–31. GRYGORIEVA,DU, C.-T. FRANCIS O., ,VERGUN, F.J. 1973. O.,Anthocyanins KLYMENKO, from S., ZHURBA, M., https://doi.org/10.5937/savteh1502026M): Fruit extracts from the Vlasina ANDREEVA, V.YU., KALINKINA, G.I. 2000. Razrabotka J. 2020. Estimation of phenolic compounds content andHORČINOVÁ antioxidant SEDLÁČKOVÁ, activity of V., leavesIVANIŠOVÁ, extracts E., BRINDZA,of some v manzhetke obyknovennoj Alhcemilla vulgaris selected non-traditional plants. In Potravinarstvo L.S.Lmetodiki. [Development kolichestvennogo of a method opredeleniya for the quantitativeflavonoidov Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, vol. 14, p. 501–509. https://doi.org/10.5219/1314 mantle Alhcemilla vulgaris L.S.L.]. In Himiya rastitelnogo HORBOWICZ, M., KOSSON, R., GRZESIUK, A., BSKI, H.D. syryadetermination, vol. 1, p. 85–88.of flavonoids [In Russian] in the common Lady‘s BAYRAM, H.M., OZTURKCAN, S.A. 2020. Bioactive Occurrence Analysis and Role in Human Nutrition. In components and biological properties of cornelian 2008.Vegetable Anthocyanins Crops Research of Fruits Bulletin and, vol.Vegetables 68(1), p.– 5–22.Their cherry (Cornus mas L.): A comprehensive review. In http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-008-0001-8 Journal of Functional Foods, vol. 75(3), p. 104252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104252 BIAGGI, M., DONNO, D., MELLANO, M.G., RIONDATO, HOSSEINPOUR-JAGHDANI,KOPAEI, M. 2017. Cornus F., masSHOMALI,: a review T., onGHOLIPOUR- traditional SHAHRAKI, S., RAHIMI-MADISEH, M., RAFIEIAN-

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