DOCSLIB.ORG

Chinese Pharmacopoeia Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chinese Pharmacopoeia Species Chinese Pharmacopoeia species (CP05 Accepted Latin scientific Part used in TCM Pharmaceutical name Chinese name Latin scientific synonyms English) name ( Flora of China ) or (from Chinese Pin Yin name 1: from Flora of China other comment Pharmacopoeia 2005/2010 (CP05/10) (http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china); 2: additional synonyms from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (http://apps.kew.org/wcsp) The following 6 species are those used in the TCM formula: " Liu Wei Di Huang Wan " 1 Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep. Alisma orientale ( Sam.) Juz. Tuber/rhizome Rhizoma Alismatis 泽泻 'Ze Xie ' or 1: Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. (note slightly different ending) Alismatis rhizoma 'Zexie ' orientale Sam. ; Alisma plantago- aquatica subsp. orientale (Sam.) Sam. 2 Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. Cornus officinalis Sieb. & Ripe fruit Fructus Corni 山茱萸 'Shan 1: Macrocarpium officinale (Sieb. & Zucc. Corni fructus Zhu Yu ' or Zucc.) Nak.; 'Shanzhuyu ' 2: Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam., 3 Dioscorea opposita Thunb. Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. Tuber/rhizome Rhizoma Dioscoreae 山药 'Shan Yao ' 1. Dioscorea batatas Dec. ; D. (the CP05 name ' D. opposita Dioscoreae rhizoma or ' Shanyao ' decaisneana Carrière ; D. doryphora Thunb.' is a nomenclatural Hance; D. potaninii Prain & Burk.; D. synonym which has been rosthornii Diels; D. swinhoei Rolfe misapplied; the name D. 2. D. batatas forma clavata Makino; opposita is therefore D. batatas forma daikok Makino; D. superfluous and illegitimate ba and scientifically should not be used (following advice from M. Gilbert 4 Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. Following a major Chinese Rootbark Cortex Moutan 牡丹皮 'Mu Dan 1. Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii B. A. taxonomic revision (De-yuan Moutan cortex Pi ' or ' Mudanpi ' Shen; P. suffruticosa Andrews subsp. Hong et al. , 1999. "A revision ostii ( T. Hong & J. X. Zhang) Halda. of the Paeonia suffruticosa complex (Paeoniaceae)" Nordic Journal of Botany , vol. 19 (3): 289 – 300) the name 'P. suffruticosa Andr.' is no longer considered botanically 5 Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. Wolfiporia extensa (Peck) Sclerotium (mass Poria 茯苓 'Fu Ling ' Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolff; Wolfiporia Ginns of mycelium) or 'Fuling ' cocoa (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb 6 Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. Rehmannia glutinosa Processed Radix Rehmanniae 熟地黄 'Shu Di 1. Digitalis glutinosa Gaertner; (Gaertner) Liboschitz ex tuber/rhizome Preparata Huang ' or Rehmannia chinensis Fischer & Rehmanniae radix 'Shudihuang '; Liboschitz ex Fischer & C. A. Meyer; C. A. Meyer preparata R. glutinosa var. hemsleyana Diels; R. glutinosa var. huechingensis Chao ‘Sheng Di & Shih; R. glutinosa forma Unprocessed Radix Rehmanniae Huang’ or huechingensis ( Chao & Shih) P. G. rhizome/tuber Rehmanniae radix ‘Shengdihuang’ Hsiao; R. glutinosa forma purpu The following species had been requested at the meeting. 1 2 species: Ganodeerma ludicum (Leyss. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) Sporophore Ganoderma 灵芝 'Ling Zhi ' Ex Fr.) Karst. and Ganoderma sinensis P. Karst but this is not a (spore-bearing or ‘Lingzhi’ Zhao, Xu et Zhang Chinese species, although part) the name given to many samples 2 Angelica pubescens Maxim. f .biserrata Root Radix Angelicae Shan et Yuan pubescentis 独活'Du Huo ' or Angelica pubescentis radix ‘Duhuo’ 3 Astragalus membranaceus Bge. Root Radix astragali 黃 芪 'Huang Qi ' Astragali Radix or ‘Huangqi’ 4 Atractylodes macrocephala Koide Tuber/rhizome Rhizoma atractylodis Atractylodis Ovatae 白术 'Bai Zhu ' Rhizoma or ‘Baizhu’ 5 Scutellaria baicalensis George Root 黃 芩 'Huang Radix scutellariae Qin ' or Scutellariae Radix ‘Huangqin’ All the above species are frequently used in TCM and it is hoped that the different WPs can assist us to gather data on these species - especially the first 6 species. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Rise of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Materia Medica A
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Bath Research Portal Citation for published version: Williamson, EM, Lorenc, A, Booker, A & Robinson, N 2013, 'The rise of traditional Chinese medicine and its materia medica: a comparison of the frequency and safety of materials and species used in Europe and China', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 453-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.050 Publication date: 2013 Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Link to publication University of Bath General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 13. May. 2019 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 149 (2013) 453–462 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep The rise of traditional Chinese medicine and its materia medica: A comparison of the frequency and safety of materials and species used in Europe and China Elizabeth M. Williamson a,n, Ava Lorenc b,nn, Anthony Booker c, Nicola Robinson b a University of Reading School
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
    Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales.
    [Show full text]
  • Steciana Doi:10.12657/Steciana.020.004 ISSN 1689-653X
    2016, Vol. 20(1): 21–32 Steciana doi:10.12657/steciana.020.004 www.up.poznan.pl/steciana ISSN 1689-653X ANATOMICAL STUDY OF CORNUS MAS L. AND CORNUS OFFICINALIS SEIB. ET ZUCC. (CORNACEAE) ENDOCARPS DURING THEIR DEVELOPMENT MARIA MOROZOWSKA, ILONA WYSAKOWSKA M. Morozowska, I. Wysakowska, Department of Botany, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] (Received: June 17, 2015. Accepted: October 20, 2015) ABSTRACT. Results of anatomical studies on the developing endocarps of Cornus mas and C. officinalis are pre- sented. Formation of an endocarp and anatomical changes in its structure from the flowering stage to fully developed fruits were observed with the use of LM and SEM. In the process of anatomical development of endocarps the formation of two layers, i.e. the inner and the outer endocarp, was observed. Changes in their anatomical structure consisted in a gradual thickening of cell walls and their lignification. The ligni- fication of endocarp cell walls begins in the inner endocarp, it proceeds in the outside parts of the outer endocarp, with an exception of several layers of cells forming the transition zone (circular strand) present on its margin, and finally, almost at the same time, in the rest of the outer endocarp. Cell walls of the cells distinguishing the germinating valves undergo thickening delayed by several days in comparison to other endocarp cells. Thickening of their cell walls starts in cells situated close to the inner endocarp and proceeds to its outer parts, and their lignification is not very intensive.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDICINAL PLANT NAMES - SAMPLE EXCERPT- by Steve Blake AHG, Dsc, Master Herbalist Available from Lifelong Press
    MEDICINAL PLANT NAMES - SAMPLE EXCERPT- By Steve Blake AHG, DSc, Master Herbalist Available from LifeLong Press www.NaturalHealthWizards.com Copyright 2004 Steve Blake Introduction This book is in two parts. Part I of this sample lists 81 of the 700 medicinal plants in the full book. These are followed by their botanical name, family name, foreign names, and other various names. Summaries of each medicinal plant are included for most of these plants. Part II ( page 18) will help find the common name of medicinal plants from an alternate name. This sample lists over 1100 of the 7930 names in the full book. Names including foreign, ethnic, alternate, botanical, and family names of medicinal plants are translated to the common name. The names are drawn from hundreds of books and other references from 35 different countries (see references page 41). Once a name has been translated into a common name, the common name can be looked up in Part I. In this electronic book, you may use the find feature (an icon like binoculars) to quickly go to any word or phrase. Medicinal plants are now becoming more widely used by people all over the world. People understand the gentle strength of natural remedies. Doctors and scientists are validating the wisdom of traditional use. Because of the varied history of medicinal plants, the multitude of names has grown confusing. This cross-reference will help you to find the right plants. My hope is that this cross-reference will help people and professionals find medicinal plants that will heal. In my 21 years of assembling a large database of alternative remedies I have often struggled with these names.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunomodulatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Herbal Formulation, Ginseng and Dang Gui Ten Combination (PS10)
    Immunomodulatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Herbal Formulation, Ginseng and Dang Gui Ten Combination (PS10) Thesis submitted for the Degree of Master of Science Michael Thomsen N.D., Dip. Bot.Med. Graduate School of Integrative Medicine Swinburne University of Technology 2006 Acknowledgements I wish to sincerely thank my supervisors at the Graduate School of Integrative Medicine at Swinburne University of Technology, Dr Luis Vitetta and head of the school, Prof Avni Sali. I would also like to thank Marilyn Johnson, for without her help I would still have been applying for ethics approval. This study would not have been possible without the support and guidance of the Graduate School of Integrative Medicine. This study would not have been possible without the enormous help I received from Dr Graham Flannery and his team of the Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria. Dr Flannery has helped to pioneer the particular NK cell cytotoxicity test used in the present study. In particular I wish to thank his assistants Rosalia Bruzzese and Maria Mylonas for performing the NK cell assay. In addition, I would like to thank Dr Hijikata from Japan for her assistance in supplying Japanese research papers and sharing her clinical experience in the use of the herbal formulation that was the subject of the present study. I would further like to thank Phytamedica for manufacturing the test medication and to Analytica Laboratory for help with the analytical analysis of the ingredients and the final formulation. Lastly I would like to thank my partner and fellow herbalist, Erin Collins and my children for putting up with me while producing this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Protostane and Fusidane Triterpenes: a Mini-Review
    Molecules 2013, 18, 4054-4080; doi:10.3390/molecules18044054 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Protostane and Fusidane Triterpenes: A Mini-Review Ming Zhao 1,*, Tanja Gödecke 1, Jordan Gunn 1, Jin-Ao Duan 2 and Chun-Tao Che 1 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborative Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-312-996-1557; Fax: +1-312-996-7107. Received: 6 March 2013; in revised form: 29 March 2013 / Accepted: 1 April 2013 / Published: 5 April 2013 Abstract: Protostane triterpenes belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpene that exhibit unique structural characteristics. Their natural distribution is primarily limited to the genus Alisma of the Alismataceae family, but they have also been occasionally found in other plant genera such as Lobelia, Garcinia, and Leucas. To date, there are 59 known protostane structures. Many of them have been reported to possess biological properties such as improving lipotropism, hepatoprotection, anti-viral activity against hepatitis B and HIV-I virus, anti-cancer activity, as well as reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer cells. On the other hand, fusidanes are fungal products characterized by 29-nor protostane structures. They possess antibiotic properties against staphylococci, including the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fusidic acid is a representative member which has found clinical applications. This review covers plant sources of the protostanes, their structure elucidation, characteristic structural and spectral properties, as well as biological activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
    Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Plants for Lyme Disease (Chronic)
    Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Plants for Lyme Disease (Chronic) Plant Chemical Count Activity Count Garcinia xanthochymus 1 1 Nicotiana rustica 1 1 Acacia modesta 1 1 Galanthus nivalis 1 1 Dryopteris marginalis 2 1 Premna integrifolia 1 1 Senecio alpinus 1 1 Cephalotaxus harringtonii 1 1 Comptonia peregrina 1 1 Diospyros rotundifolia 1 1 Alnus crispa 1 1 Haplophyton cimicidum 1 1 Diospyros undulata 1 1 Roylea elegans 1 1 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza 1 1 Gmelina arborea 1 1 Orthosphenia mexicana 1 1 Lumnitzera racemosa 1 1 Melilotus alba 2 1 Duboisia leichhardtii 1 1 Erythroxylum zambesiacum 1 1 Salvia beckeri 1 1 Cephalotaxus spp 1 1 Taxus cuspidata 3 1 Suaeda maritima 1 1 Rhizophora mucronata 1 1 Streblus asper 1 1 Plant Chemical Count Activity Count Dianthus sp. 1 1 Glechoma hirsuta 1 1 Phyllanthus flexuosus 1 1 Euphorbia broteri 1 1 Hyssopus ferganensis 1 1 Lemaireocereus thurberi 1 1 Holacantha emoryi 1 1 Casearia arborea 1 1 Fagonia cretica 1 1 Cephalotaxus wilsoniana 1 1 Hydnocarpus anthelminticus 2 1 Taxus sp 2 1 Zataria multiflora 1 1 Acinos thymoides 1 1 Ambrosia artemisiifolia 1 1 Rhododendron schotense 1 1 Sweetia panamensis 1 1 Thymelaea hirsuta 1 1 Argyreia nervosa 1 1 Carapa guianensis 1 1 Parthenium hysterophorus 1 1 Rhododendron anthopogon 1 1 Strobilanthes cusia 1 1 Dianthus superbus 1 1 Pyropolyporus fomentarius 1 1 Euphorbia hermentiana 1 1 Porteresia coarctata 1 1 2 Plant Chemical Count Activity Count Aerva lanata 1 1 Rivea corymbosa 1 1 Solanum mammosum 1 1 Juniperus horizontalis 1 1 Maytenus
    [Show full text]
  • Materia Medica for Martial Artists
    Materia Medica For Martial Artists Author Josh Walker Editor Dr Robert Asbridge Foreword Dr Robert Asbridge COPYRIGHT© 2012R Josh Walker All rights reserved. No part of this book may be produced in any fo rm or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without permission in writing, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages fo r review. ISBN: 14781 9393X ISBN-13: 978-1478193937 11 Table of Contents Acknowledgements vi Foreword vii Disclaimer ix PART I OVERVIEW 1 Section 1 Antagonisms and Counteractions 3 Section 2 Understanding the Templates 6 PART II HERB TEMPLATES 13 Chapter 1 Herbs That Release Exterior Heat 14 Chapter2 Herbs that Release Exterior Cold 28 Chapter3 Heat-Clearing Herbs 49 Chapter4 Herbs that Act as Purgatives 88 Chapter 5 Herbs that Dispel Wind-Dampness 96 1ll Chapter 6 Aromatic Herbs that Dissolve Dampness 132 Chapter 7 Herbs that Regulate Water and Dissolve 142 Dampness Chapter 8 Herbs that Warm the Interior 155 Chapter 9 Herbs thatRegulate Qi 175 Chapter 10 Herbs that Stop Bleeding 195 Chapter 11 Herbs that Invigorate the Blood and 214 Remove Stasis Chapter 12 Herbs that Resolve Phlegm 272 Chapter 13 Herbs that Calm the Shen 296 Chapter 14 Herbs that Calm the Liver and 311 Extinguish Wind Chapter 15 Herbs that Open the Orifices 323 Chapter 16 Herbs that Tonify 331 Section 1 Qi Tonifying Herbs 334 Section 2 Yang Tonifying Herbs 352 lV Section 3 Blood Tonifying Herbs 378 Section 4 Yin Tonifying Herbs 391 Chapter 17 Herbs that are Astringent 398 Chapter 18 Herbs for Topical Application 408 Bibliography 423 Glossary of Terms 424 Resources/Businesses of Interest 431 Index of Chinese Herb Names 432 v Acknowledgements The author would particularly like to thank the fo llowing people fo r their contributions to the completion of this book: • Bob Asbridge for on-going efforts over several years, supporting a variety of aspects of PlumDragon Herbs, contributing to the private forum, and performing rushed last minute editing of this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Mountain Gardens Full Plant List 2016
    MOUNTAIN GARDENS BARE ROOT PLANT SALES WWW.MOUNTAINGARDENSHERBS.COM Here is our expanded list of bare root plants. Prices are $4-$5 as indicated. Note that some are only available in spring or summer, as indicated; otherwise they are available all seasons. No price listed = not available this year. We begin responding to requests in April and plants are generally shipped in May and June, though inquiries are welcome throughout the growing season. We ship early in the week by Priority Mail. For most orders, except very large or very small, we use flat rate boxes @$25 per shipment. Some species will sell out – please list substitutes, or we will refund via Paypal or a check. TO ORDER, email name/number of plants wanted & your address to [email protected] Payment: Through Paypal, using [email protected]. If you prefer, you can mail your order with a check (made out to ‘Joe Hollis’) to 546 Shuford Cr. Rd., Burnsville, NC 28714. Or you can pick up your plants at the nursery (please send your order and payment with requested pick-up date in advance). * Shipping & handling: 25$ flat rate on all but very small or very large orders – will verify via email. MOUNTAIN GARDENS PLANT LIST *No price listed = not available this year. LATIN NAME COMMON NAME BARE USE/CATEGORY ROOT Edible, Medicinal, etc. Achillea millefolium Yarrow $4.00 Medicinal Aconitum napellus Monkshood, Chinese, fu zi ChinMed, Ornamental Acorus calamus Calamus, sweet flag Med Acorus gramineus shi chang pu 4 ChinMed Actaea racemosa Black Cohosh 4 Native Med Aegopodium podograria
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download Newsletter
    In the Field A Newsletter from Waverly Farm Spring 2015 Year ing 25 s! rat leb Ce The History of Waverly Farm Bloom Calendar Waverly’s Spring Favorite: Syringa 5 Years! g 2 tin ra eb el C Time does fly when one is having fun. In September, 1989 I made my Contact Info: annual journey to Oregon to visit with Paul Bizon and other friends for fishing and hunting. For years I had thought about getting back to my roots Waverly Farm – farming. While walking with Paul in his nursery I blurted out, “I will start planting nursery stock next spring!”. 1931 Greenfield Road I didn’t have land or liners. Adamstown, Maryland 21710 (301) 874-8300 Office I found land, Paul and Phin Tuthill helped me secure liners. It was started. The first nursery site was not big enough and bought what is now Waverly Farm in 1996. Working (301) 874-8302 Fax the soil, planting, building an irrigation system, buying equipment, new buildings, constantly experimenting with growing systems and equipment, propagation, finding Mark Nowicki - Sales & Shipping great people, finding the very best customers; building a new career was exciting and very [email protected] satisfying. After all these years I can honestly say I can’t wait to arrive at the farm everyday, more than ready to have fun. Jessica Ahrweiler - Sales & Marketing [email protected] Great staff, great customers, great vendors. Wonderful and sharing industry colleagues! Thanks to all for helping me to have way more fun than many will ever experience in their Lisa DeRamus - Sales & Accounting work.
    [Show full text]
  • Methyl Jasmonate Promote Protostane Triterpenes Accumulation by Up
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Methyl jasmonate promote protostane triterpenes accumulation by up-regulating the expression of squalene epoxidases in Alisma orientale Rong Tian, Wei Gu*, Yuchen Gu, Chao Geng, Fei Xu, Qinan Wu, Jianguo Chao, Wenda Xue, Chen Zhou & Fan Wang Protostane triterpenes, which are found in Alisma orientale, are tetracyclic triterpenes with distinctive pharmacological activities. The natural distribution of protostane triterpenes is limited mainly to members of the botanical family Alismataceae. Squalene epoxidase (SE) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in triterpene biosynthesis. In this study, we report the characterization of two SEs from A. orientale. AoSE1 and AoSE2 were expressed as fusion proteins in E. coli, and the purifed proteins were used in functional research. In vitro enzyme assays showed that AoSE1 and AoSE2 catalyze the formation of oxidosqualene from squalene. Immunoassays revealed that the tubers contain the highest levels of AoSE1 and AoSE2. After MeJA induction, which is the main elicitor of triterpene biosynthesis, the contents of 2,3-oxidosqualene and alisol B 23-acetate increased by 1.96- and 2.53-fold, respectively. In addition, the expression of both AoSE proteins was signifcantly increased at four days after MeJA treatment. The contents of 2,3-oxidosqualene and alisol B 23-acetate were also positively correlated with AoSEs expression at diferent times after MeJA treatment. These results suggest that AoSE1 and AoSE2 are the key regulatory points in protostane triterpenes biosynthesis, and that MeJA regulates the biosynthesis of these compounds by increasing the expression of AoSE1 and AoSE2. Alisma orientale is one of the most important perennial medicinal plants in traditional Chinese medicine, where its rhizomes have been used for nearly 2000 years to eliminate “dampness”, reduce edema, and promote urinary 1 excretion .
    [Show full text]