DOCSLIB.ORG

Lebanon Water Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lebanon Water Project LEBANON WATER PROJECT WATER SECURITY ANALYSIS FOR REGIONAL WATER ESTABLISHMENTS (RWE) AND LITANI RIVER AUTHORITY (LRA) FINAL WATER SECURITY ASSESSMENT AUGUST 2019 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI Global LLC. Deliverable 5-Water Security Assessment 1 Deliverable 5-Water Security Assessment i LEBANON WATER PROJECT WATER SECURITY ANALYSIS FOR REGIONAL WATER ESTABLISHMENTS (RWE) AND LITANI RIVER AUTHORITY (LRA) FINAL WATER SECURITY ASSESSMENT PHASE I – IDENTIFICATION AND STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATIONS FOR POTENTIAL SANITATION PROJECTS PHASE I – IDENTIFICATION AND STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATIONS FOR POTENTIAL SANITATION PROJECTS Program Title: Lebanon Water Project Sponsoring USAID Office: Lebanon Contract Number: AID-268-N-15-00001 Contractor: DAI Global LLC (DAI) Date of Publication: August, 2019 Author: Lebanon Water Project DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Deliverable 5-Water Security Assessment ii Contents TABLE OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... VI LEBANON WATER PROJECT .................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 8 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................................................ 9 BASELINE CONDITIONS ....................................................................................... 11 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 Beirut-Mt. Lebanon Water Establishment .................................................................................................. 11 WATER AVAILABILITY IN BEIRUT-MT. LEBANON .................................................................................................. 12 Beirut-Mt. Lebanon Groundwater Budget ................................................................................................. 12 Beirut-Mt. Lebanon Surface Water Availability......................................................................................... 12 Nahr Beirut River Basin ............................................................................................................................ 12 Nahr Damour River Basin ........................................................................................................................ 12 Awali River Basin ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Nahr Ibrahim River Basin ......................................................................................................................... 12 Nahr el Kalb River Basin ........................................................................................................................... 12 TREND ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 14 HYDRO-CLIMATIC VARIABILITY ............................................................................................................................... 14 Total Annual Rainfall Trend of Beirut-Mt. Lebanon ................................................................................. 14 Surface Water Level Trends .......................................................................................................................... 15 The Awali River ........................................................................................................................................ 15 The Damour River .................................................................................................................................... 16 The Beirut River ....................................................................................................................................... 16 The Kalb River .......................................................................................................................................... 17 The Ibrahim River .................................................................................................................................... 17 Temperature Trends for Beirut-Mt. Lebanon ........................................................................................... 17 Groundwater Level .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ................................................................................................... 18 ANTHROPOGENIC STRESSORS ................................................................................................................................. 19 Population Growth .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Urban Areas Growth in Beirut-Mt. Lebanon ............................................................................................ 20 Water usage and demand per sector .......................................................................................................... 21 SYNTHESIS ................................................................................................................................................................... 22 WATER SECURITY ASSESSMENT ....................................................................... 24 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 HOUSEHOLD WATER SECURITY ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 27 Indicator Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................................ 27 Deliverable 5-Water Security Assessment iii Dimension Score .............................................................................................................................................. 28 ENVIRONMENT WATER SECURITY ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 29 Indicator Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................................ 29 Dimension Score .............................................................................................................................................. 30 ECONOMIC WATER SECURITY ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 31 Indicator Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................................ 31 Dimension Score .............................................................................................................................................. 32 HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 33 Indicator Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................................ 33 Dimension Score .............................................................................................................................................. 34 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................... 36 Indicators Conceptual Framework .............................................................................................................. 36 Dimension Score .............................................................................................................................................. 37 WATER GOVERNANCE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 38 Indicator Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................................ 38 Dimension Score .............................................................................................................................................. 39 WATER SECURITY INDEX FOR BEIRUT MT. LEBANON ............................... 40 SYNTHESIS ................................................................................................................................................................... 40 PROJECTIONS .......................................................................................................... 44 PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS ............................................................................................... 44 POPULATION PROJECTION ......................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Beirut Residents' Perspectives on August 4
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SEPTEMBER 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized BEIRUT RESIDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON AUGUST 4 BLAST Findings from a needs and perception survey © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, Beirut interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Residents’ World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. Needs and Perception The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, Survey colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522- 2625; e-mail: [email protected]. 2 Disclaimer The survey collected information related to five main themes: socio-economic status, damage assessment, trust in institutions, future outlook, and needs and concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • Sidon's Ancient Harbour
    ARCHAEOLOGY & H ISTORY SIDON’S ANCIENT HARBOUR: IN THE LEBANON ISSUE THIRTY FOUR -T HIRTY FIVE : NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS WINTER /S PRING 2011/12. AND HAZARDS PP. 433-459. N. CARAYON 1 C. MORHANGE 2 N. MARRINER 2 1 CNRS UMR 5140, A multidisciplinary study combining geoscience, archaeology and his - Lattes ([email protected]) tory was conducted on Sidon’s harbour (Lebanon). The natural charac - teristics of the site at the time of the harbour’s foundation were deter - 2 CNRS CEREGE UMR mined, as well as the human resources that were needed to improve 6635, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en- these conditions in relation to changes in maritime activity. In ancient Provence times, Sidon was one of the most active harbours and urban centres on ([email protected] ; the Levantine coast 3. It is therefore a key site to study ancient harbours, [email protected]). providing insight into both ancient cultures and the technological 1 Sidon’s coastal ba- thymetry. 1 apogee of the Roman and Byzantine periods. This article proposes a synthesis of Sidon’s harbour system based on geomorphological characteristics that favoured the development of a wide range of maritime facilities, refashioned and improved by human societies from the second millennium BC until the Middle Ages. 434 2 2 Aerial view of Sidon Sidon’ s coastline (fig. 1 -2) and Ziré during the 1940s (from A. Poide- The ancient urban center was developed on a rocky promontory dom - bard and J. Lauffray, inating a 2 km wide coastal plain, flanked by the Nahr el-Awali river to 1951).
    [Show full text]
  • BEIRUT Responsibility of the Authors and Can in No Way Be Taken to Reflect the Views of the EU Or SDC
    Co-funded by the European Union Co-funded by International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) and United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN - HABITAT). MEDITERRANEAN CITY - TO - CITY MIGRATION www.icmpd.org/MC2CM All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission of the copyright owners. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the CITY MIGRATION PROFILE European Union (EU) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Implemented by Cooperation (SDC). The content of this publication is the sole BEIRUT responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the EU or SDC. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VIENNA LYON TURIN MADRID LISBON TUNIS BEIRUT TANGIER AMMAN MIGRATION PATTERNS This document is a synthesis of the Municipality of Beirut Migration Profile and Since the second half of the 19th century most of Lebanon’s economic and cultural Priority Paper drafted in the framework of the Mediterranean City - to - City Migration activities have taken place in Beirut. The city currently boasts the country’s main Project (MC2CM). The project aims at contributing to improved migration govern- port, its only international airport, houses the government offices, and is the main ance at city level in a network of cities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean cultural and educational centre. Beirut has therefore attracted various waves of region. More information is available at www.icmpd.org/MC2CM.
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Bekaa & Baalbek
    Lebanon September 2018 Bekaa & Baalbek - El-Hermel Governorates Prole POPULATION OVERVIEW 926,915 GENERAL OVERVIEW The Bekaa valley region is People living in Bekaa and administratively split into two Baalbek - El-Hermel Governorates governorates: Baalbek/Hermel Akkar Al Qaa (located in the north) and Bekaa Hermel 555,149 (located in the south). Along Lebanese the Bekaa region lies Lebanon’s North 59% largest ocial border crossing Baalbek/Aarsal with Syria, located in the Baalbek/El-Hermel Hermel 174,763 Masnaa locality. The region is Mount Baalbek P Deprived Beirut Lebanon home to 555,149 Lebanese, Wavel Lebanese 23,7 per cent of which are Zahle considered deprived, in Bekaa Refugees Masnaa 38% addition to 338,577 registered Joub Janine Syrian refugees, 16,863 Governorate boundaries Rachaiya Palestinians and 16,326 Capital Lebanese returnees, as the Major Towns West Bekaa Baalbek El -Hermel Rachaiya Zahle region makes up the vast El Nabatieh P Palestinian Camps majority of Lebanon’s 375 km South Official border crossing status border with Syria. With more 43% Open 32% than half of its population Closed Lebanese being refugees, the region is one of the most aected by the Unofficial Syrian crisis. crossing Registered Syrian 45% Refugees 33% Until August 2017, Baalbek’s north-eastern border was the site of sporadic armed clashes opposing Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and Hezbollah to Islamist Armed 338,577 Opposition Groups (I/AOG) around the localities of Aarsal, al-Zoueitini, Khreibeh, Qaa and Ras Baalbek. Some border towns were also subject to suicide bombings Palestine Refugees and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).
    [Show full text]
  • Chronos Uses the Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA That Lets You Remix, Transform, and Build Upon the Material for Non-Commercial Purposes
    Chronos- Revue d’Histoire de l’Université de Balamand, is a bi-annual Journal published in three languages (Arabic, English and French). It deals particularly with the History of the ethnic and religious groups of the Arab world. Journal Name: Chronos ISSN: 1608-7526 Title: Archaeology of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview Author(s): Tasha Voderstrasse To cite this document: Voderstrasse, T. (2019). Archaeology of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview. Chronos, 20, 103-128. https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v20i0.476 Permanent link to this document: DOI: https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v20i0.476 Chronos uses the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA that lets you remix, transform, and build upon the material for non-commercial purposes. However, any derivative work must be licensed under the same license as the original. CHl{ONOS Revue d'Histoirc de l'Univcrsite de Balamand Numero 20, 2009, ISSN 1608 7526 ARCHAEOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL LEBANON: AN OVERVIEW T ASHA VORDERSTRASSE 1 Introduction This article will present an overview of the archaeological work done on medieval Lebanon from the 19th century to the present. The period under examination is the late medieval period, from the 11th to the 14th centuries, encompassing the time when the region was under the control of various Islamic dynasties and the Crusaders. The archaeology of Le banon has been somewhat neglected over the years, despite its importance for our understanding of the region in the medieval period, mainly because of the civil war (1975-1990), which made excavations and surveys in the country impossible and led to the widespread looting of sites (Hakiman 1987; Seeden 1987; Seeden 1989; Fisk 1991 ; Hakiman 1991; Ward 1995; Hackmann 1998; Sader 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeology of Conflict-Damaged Sites: Hosn Niha in the Biqaʾ
    The archaeology of conflict-damaged sites: Hosn Niha in the Biqaʾ Valley, Lebanon Paul Newson1 &RuthYoung2 Archaeological and cultural heritage is always at risk of damage and destruction in areas of conflict. Despite legislation to protect sites and minimise the impact of war or civil unrest, much archaeological data is still being lost, not least in the Middle East. Careful Hosn Niha research design and methodological recording Beirut strategies tailored to sites destroyed by conflict or looting can, however, provide much more Method information than previously imagined. This is illustrated by a case study focusing on the Roman settlement and temples at Hosn N Niha in the Biqaʾ Valley, which were 0 km 50 severely damaged in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. Sufficient information was recovered to reconstruct many details, including the chronology and development of the site. Keywords: Lebanon, Roman settlement, conflict archaeology, looting, Cultural Resource Management, GIS Introduction When faced with the destruction of archaeological sites through conflict and the accompanying loss of knowledge, what can archaeologists do? In this paper, we use the example of a site in Lebanon, which has been severely damaged by multiple conflict episodes, to show that a great deal can be learned from an apparently destroyed site by careful fieldwork and analysis. Conflict is arguably an integral part of human interaction, and archaeological studies have provided evidence for conflict from as early as the Palaeolithic (Thorpe 2003). Conflicts have occurred throughout prehistory and history, and they are an inescapable evil in many parts of the world today (Boylan 2002). The human cost in any conflict is high and, obviously, protecting people has to be the first priority during such periods.
    [Show full text]
  • Layout CAZA AAKAR.Indd
    Qada’ Akkar North Lebanon Qada’ Al-Batroun Qada’ Bcharre Monuments Recreation Hotels Restaurants Handicrafts Bed & Breakfast Furnished Apartments Natural Attractions Beaches Qada’ Al-Koura Qada’ Minieh - Dinieh Qada’ Tripoli Qada’ Zgharta North Lebanon Table of Contents äÉjƒàëªdG Qada’ Akkar 1 QɵY AÉ°†b Map 2 á£jôîdG A’aidamoun 4-27 ¿ƒeó«Y Al-Bireh 5-27 √ô«ÑdG Al-Sahleh 6-27 á∏¡°ùdG A’andaqet 7-28 â≤æY A’arqa 8-28 ÉbôY Danbo 9-29 ƒÑfO Deir Jenine 10-29 ø«æL ôjO Fnaideq 11-29 ¥ó«æa Haizouq 12-30 ¥hõ«M Kfarnoun 13-30 ¿ƒfôØc Mounjez 14-31 õéæe Qounia 15-31 É«æb Akroum 15-32 ΩhôcCG Al-Daghli 16-32 »∏ZódG Sheikh Znad 17-33 OÉfR ï«°T Al-Qoubayat 18-33 äÉ«Ñ≤dG Qlaya’at 19-34 äÉ©«∏b Berqayel 20-34 πjÉbôH Halba 21-35 ÉÑ∏M Rahbeh 22-35 ¬ÑMQ Zouk Hadara 23-36 √QGóM ¥hR Sheikh Taba 24-36 ÉHÉW ï«°T Akkar Al-A’atiqa 25-37 á≤«à©dG QɵY Minyara 26-37 √QÉ«æe Qada’ Al-Batroun 69 ¿hôàÑdG AÉ°†b Map 40 á£jôîdG Kouba 42-66 ÉHƒc Bajdarfel 43-66 πaQóéH Wajh Al-Hajar 44-67 ôéëdG ¬Lh Hamat 45-67 äÉeÉM Bcha’aleh 56-68 ¬∏©°ûH Kour (or Kour Al-Jundi) 47-69 (…óæédG Qƒc hCG) Qƒc Sghar 48-69 Qɨ°U Mar Mama 49-70 ÉeÉe QÉe Racha 50-70 É°TGQ Kfifan 51-70 ¿ÉØ«Øc Jran 52-71 ¿GôL Ram 53-72 ΩGQ Smar Jbeil 54-72 π«ÑL Qɪ°S Rachana 55-73 ÉfÉ°TGQ Kfar Helda 56-74 Gó∏MôØc Kfour Al-Arabi 57-74 »Hô©dG QƒØc Hardine 58-75 øjOôM Ras Nhash 59-75 ¢TÉëf ¢SGQ Al-Batroun 60-76 ¿hôàÑdG Tannourine 62-78 øjQƒæJ Douma 64-77 ÉehO Assia 65-79 É«°UCG Qada’ Bcharre 81 …ô°ûH AÉ°†b Map 82 á£jôîdG Beqa’a Kafra 84-97 GôØc ´É≤H Hasroun 85-98 ¿hô°üM Bcharre 86-97 …ô°ûH Al-Diman 88-99 ¿ÉªjódG Hadath
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Beirut Water Supply Project (GBWSP) (Litani I Bisri) Contents I
    Complaint Against Greater Beirut Water Supply Project (GBWSP) (Litani I Bisri) Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2 II. Analysis of Alternatives.............................................................................................................. 3 A. The Greater Beirut Water Supply Project ................................................................................ 3 B. The Bisri Dam ........................................................................................................................ 4 C. Damour Dam proposed by Fathi Chatila since 1996 ............................................................. 4 D. Damour Dam Proposed By Liban Consult .......................................................................... 5 III. Harms that will result from the GBWSP as it is currently being planned ..................................... 5 A. Caused to Greater Beirut Inhabitants ...................................................................................... 5 i. High Water Tariffs .................................................................................................................... 5 ii. Water Pollution ........................................................................................................................6 B. Depriving Dry Lands from being Irrigated........................................................................... 7 C. Harms Caused to AI- Chouf Ilkleem
    [Show full text]
  • Beirut Port Explosions Response
    BEIRUT PORT RESPONSE EXPLOSIONS Beirut Municipality Rapid Building-level Damage Assessment Municipality of Beirut and UN-Habitat October 2020 Working Version With support from Citation format: Municipality of Beirut and UN-Habitat (2020), Beirut: UN-Habitat Lebanon. Copyright © 2020 Municipality of Beirut and UN-Habitat. All rights reserved. Cover photo: © UN-Habitat (2020). PARTNERS Engineering and construction companies: Academic institutions: International non-governmental organisations: CREDITS UN-Habitat Lebanon Authors: Elie Mansour; Georges Abi Sleiman. GIS and IM: Christelle Bercachy. Data Analysis/Visualization and Report Production/Design Layout: Georges Abi Sleiman; Joseph Metni. Editor: Suzanne Maguire; Taina Christiansen Municipality of Beirut Head of Engineering Department: Jihad Bekaii. Hani Diab el-Arab; Maroun Abi Najem. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Purpose of report Administrative boundaries and assessment zones Background and context Methodology 3 Zoning Visual inspection steps for surveyors PURPOSE OF REPORT Habitability based on signs of damage Work progress milestones Findings 7 Coding of buildings for damage and habitability Assessment findings Next steps 9 Annex 10 360 degree surveys Responding to requests for municipal assistance Rubble removal Photo gallery ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES AND ASSESSMENT ZONES AND ASSESSMENT BOUNDARIES ADMINISTRATIVE INTRODUCTION The Port of Beirut explosions of 4th August 2020, evacuation whilst also providing evidence for formulating situated within the boundaries of the Municipality
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Report on the Beirut Port Explosion
    MedJEM Correspondence A Brief Report on the Beirut Port Explosion Mohamad Ali Cheaito1, Samar Al-Hajj2* 1Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 2Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Beirut, one of the oldest cities in the world, was severe demolition sustained by the port, more than historically destroyed and rebuilt seven times, 120 schools, six hospitals, 22 healthcare facilities, affirming the resilience and self-reliance of its along with several landmarks and cultural heritage people.1,2 Lebanon has suffered from decades sites suffered varying degrees of destruction.7,11 The of political corruption, sectarian fragmentation Port of Beirut is key for importing essential goods and protracted conflicts that resulted in health, and one of the most lucrative sources of income in economic and social struggles. Moreover, Lebanon Lebanon, with an estimated 300 million dollars in was overburdened with more than one million annual revenue.12 This country’s already-failing refugees, increasing its population size by nearly economy will hardly endure such losses and this 30%, to become home to the world’s largest refugee will further challenge the recovery process. 3 per capita ratio. Over the past year alone, Beirut Moreover, the blast gravely harmed the port main has witnessed a civil revolution, the COVID-19 grain silos, containing more than 80% of Lebanon’s pandemic, its worst economic crisis in decades, imported grains. With only 10% of Lebanon’s grain and most recently one of the largest non-nuclear 4,5 consumption provided from domestic production, explosions in history.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Ecology of the Lebanese Species of the Genus Hydraena KUGELANN, with Descriptions of Four New Species (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
    ©Wiener Coleopterologenverein (WCV), download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Koleopterologische Rundschau 76 97–134 Wien, Juli 2006 Taxonomy and ecology of the Lebanese species of the genus Hydraena KUGELANN, with descriptions of four new species (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) M.A. JÄCH,A.DIA &J.A.DÍAZ Abstract Four new species of Hydraena s.str. KUGELANN are described from Lebanon: Hydraena (s.str.) berthelemyana, H. (s.str.) orthosia, H. (s.str.) phoenicia, and H. (s.str.) sidon. Ecological and distributional data of all nine Lebanese Hydraena species are summarized. All species are keyed. The male and female genitalia are illustrated. Key words: Coleoptera, Hydraenidae, Hydraena, new species, Lebanon. Introduction Since almost 30 years, the second author, A. Dia, has been co-ordinating comprehensive hydro- biological surveys in Lebanon. In the course of these surveys four new species of Hydraena KUGELANN were discovered, which are described herein. The large number of specimens sampled provided an opportunity to study the ecology and distribution of the Lebanese species of the genus Hydraena. Ecological and distributional data of all nine Lebanese Hydraena species are summarized. All species are keyed. The male and female genitalia are illustrated. Material and methods About 1100 adults of Hydraena from Lebanon were studied. The majority of these specimens were sampled by the second author in more than 10 coastal river systems along the western slope of Mt. Lebanon. In addition to the material sampled by the second author, we have examined all historical specimens (types of H. berytus JÄCH and H. furthi JÄCH) and a few specimens which were collected by R.
    [Show full text]