Appendix A: Canadian Right-Wing Ideologues, Gurus and Lone Actors Andrews, Don (1942–present), a Canadian white supremacist who waged war with Toronto, ON’s communists in the 1970s, was the frst individual to be charged in Canada with wilfully promoting hatred. He also co-founded the Edmund Burke Society with Paul Fromm and Leigh Smith in 1967, and he founded the Nationalist Party of Canada in 1977 (Lauder 2002), which he still leads. In 1974, Andrews ran for Toronto Mayor, coming in a distant second. Most recently, Andrews ran for the 2014 Toronto mayoral election (Hong 2014), but he was unsuccessful. Arcand, Adrien (1899–1967) is the most notorious anti-Semitic in Quebec history, forming the Parti National Society Chretien in 1934 and expanding his organization to Toronto, ON under the group name National Christian Party of Canada in 1938, later known as the National Unity Party in 1949 (Barrett 1987). Beattie, John (1942–present) founded the Toronto-based Canadian Nazi Party in 1965, and he later organized the British People’s League in the late 1980s (Lauder 2002). In 1989, he hosted an outdoor © Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2019 173 B. Perry and R. Scrivens, Right-Wing Extremism in Canada, Palgrave Hate Studies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25169-7 174 Appendix A: Canadian Right-Wing Ideologues, Gurus and Lone Actors white-pride concert that attracted neo-Nazi skinheads and members of the Canadian Airborne Regiment, and he recently ran for municipal ofce in Minden Hills, ON’s cottage country (Humphrey 2014). Bourque, Justin Christian (1990–present) is accused of murdering three RCMP Mounties and injuring two other Mounties on 4 June 2014 in Moncton, NB, and he is facing three charges of frst-degree murder and two counts of attempted murder (Brean 2014; Carlson 2014). Bourque was known for his anti-establishment Internet rants. His Facebook page portrayed him as a gun enthusiast and libertarian with an anti-authoritarian mindset, and his account was plagued by pro-gun, cop-hating and liberal-bashing propaganda (CBC News 2014; Friscolanti and Patriquin 2014). Arguably, Bourque was a self-moti- vated ideologue, a lone actor, and had no ties to any larger organization. Bourque used social media to educate himself on far-right libertarian preoccupations, such as the “militarization” of police, anti-authoritari- anism, survivalism, “crownless kings”, confscation of guns and Canada’s readiness for a Russian invasion (Brean 2014). Most interestingly, a Globe and Mail reporter found a large Confederate fag in Bourque’s mobile home (CBC News 2014). Burdi, George (1970–present) was the Canadian leader of the World Church of the Creator (Kinsella 2001), and he also organized Church of the Creator paramilitary training with a former member of the Canadian Forces Airborne Regiment (Michael 2006). In addition, Burdi’s band RaHoWa, formed in 1989, pushing the white power music scene across the country (Kinsella 2001), and he attempted to advance white power music by launching Resistance Records (Michael 2006). Christie, Douglas H. (1946–2013) founder of the Canadian Free Speech League in the 1970s was one of Canada’s most well-known and controversial lawyers who advocated for what he called “freedom”, or more specifcally, encouraged individual liberty and free speech. Critics, however, regarded him as dishonourable, labelling him as the legal defence and “battling barrister” for the anti-Semites, the white suprem- acist, the Holocaust deniers and individuals charged with hate crimes Appendix A: Canadian Right-Wing Ideologues, Gurus and Lone Actors 175 (Watts and Dickson 2013). For example, Christie represented some of Canada’s most reviled hate mongers, including: James Keegstra in 1983 (Alberta teacher, convicted of promoting hatred against Jewish people), Ernst Zundel in 1984 (a Toronto-based publisher, Holocaust denier and Nazi sympathizer, who printed and distributed an array of anti-Semitic literature), Paul Fromm (white supremacist and self-proclaimed Nazi sympathizer), Malcolm Ross (anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist), Doug Collins, John Ross Taylor and Terry Tremain (white supremacists), Michael Seifert (Nazi prison guard, convicted of war crimes), Tony McAleer (white supremacist and founder of Canadian Liberty Net) and Imre Finta (Nazi war criminal). Droege, Wolfgang (1948–2005), former Nationalist Party of Canada member, was an ultra-violent founding member of the Heritage Front, a successful neo-Nazi white supremacist organization established in 1989 (Kinsella 2001; Lauder 2002). Farr, Joseph (1900–unknown), a sergeant major in the British Army and member of the Orange Order, replaced Taylor to lead the National Christian Party of Canada in 1938 (Barrett 1987). Fromm, Frederick Paul (1949–present), Canada’s central right-wing leader and one of Canada’s most notorious white nationalist activists, is recognized for his relentless critique of and attacks on foreign aid, highlighting the efects of infation, unemployment and government spending sprees, to name but a few. His most noteworthy group asso- ciations were with the Edmund Burke Society and Campus Alternative in 1967, and Western Guard in 1972, and he is currently the leader of the Canadian Association for Free Expression (CAFE) and Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform (C-FAR) (Kinsella 2001). He has spoken at a number of white power rallies, such as the 1989 Toronto Skinheads “Domination Day celebration”, and many Heritage Front rallies, including a December 1990 rally commemorating the death of Silent Brotherhood leader Robert Mathews (Kinsella 2001). He has also shared the stage with Holocaust denier David Irving and has organized Canadian rallies to support Holocaust denier Ernst Zundel. 176 Appendix A: Canadian Right-Wing Ideologues, Gurus and Lone Actors Gostick, Ron (1918–2005), an active member of the social credit movement, established an Ontario-based anti-Semitic publication, Canadian Intelligence Publications in the late 1940s, and later created the Christian Action Movement in 1967. He also founded the Canadian League of Rights (CLR) in 1968 (Barrett 1987). Harcus, Bill (1970–present) was the “Grand Dragon” of the Manitoba Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. He noticed that the Manitoba KKK was inactive since the late 1920s, and rather than joining the Church of Jesus Christ Christian Aryan Nations as did most Christian Identity followers, he formed a modern Klan in 1989. By early 1991, the Klan became a formidable force, and the group was running a 24-hour telephone hate line out of Harcus’s apartment (Kinsella 2001). Levant, Ezra (1972–present), Calgary-raised lawyer and right-wing pun- dit, is Canada’s best-known conservative analyst, political activist and TV host, and has been involved in several legal cases and controversies on free speech issues in Canada. Levant is the founder and former publisher of the “Western Standard” magazine in 2004, Canada’s only media outlet to publish the Danish cartoons of Mohammed. Te magazine was eventually charged with two counts of “hate speech” ofenses, of which went before the Alberta government’s human rights commission. Levant’s battles against those attacking freedom of speech resulted in signifcant changes in how Canadian human rights commissions operate, and he later wrote a book titled, “Shakedown”, on what he perceived as the illiberal nature of Canadian human rights commissions (Speakers’ Spotlight 2014). Long, Terry was a former Progressive Conservative member and former Social Credit supporter, founding president of the Christian Defence League, and the political organizer and candidate for the Western Canada Concept Party. He led the Canadian sector of Aryan Nations in 1986, building a training camp in Caroline, AB, and bringing together various extremists. He also staged a major rally and cross burning in Provost, AB (Barrett 1987; Kinsella 2001), and was known as “Canada’s high Aryan warrior priest” (Kinsella 2001). Lyle, Kelly Scott was Calgary’s Final Solution Skinheads leader in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and was considered one of the most dangerous members of the racist skinhead movement in Canada (Kinsella 2001). Appendix A: Canadian Right-Wing Ideologues, Gurus and Lone Actors 177 Mac a’Phearsoin, Tearlach (1948–present) was one of Canada’s more elusive white supremacist leaders. In May 1972, he and his colleagues registered the Confederate Klans of Alberta as a society under the pro- vincial Societies Act, and he was eventually named Imperial Wizard of the Confederate Klans of Alberta (Kinsella 2001). He also received cop- yright over a number of KKK symbols by the federal copyright ofce in Ottawa, ON, and he attempted to license or sell rights to the KKK insignia to a variety of neo-Nazi groups, including the Canadian branch of the Aryan Nations, one of the most virulently anti-Semitic and vio- lent-prone groups in Canada (Kinsella 2001). McKay, Matt, a former Master Corporal in the Canadian Airborne Regiment, was an extremely violent and hardcore National Socialist racist skinhead from Winnipeg, MB. He was also a member of the Klan in Manitoba and the Final Solution Skinheads in Winnipeg, and he frequently visited the Final Solution Skinheads in Edmonton, AB. McKay was involved in the Somalia Afair scandal in 1993, in which he was caught on tape saying, “we ain’t killed enough niggers yet” (Anti-Racist Canada 2014; Kinsella 2001). McKee, Kyle (1987–present) was the ultra-violent founder and spokes- person for Alberta, AB’s Aryan Guard in 2006. In 2010, he replaced the Aryan Guard and founded two ultra-violent ofshoot white supremacist groups, Western European Bloodline (WEB) and Blood & Honour (Jarvies 2012; One People’s Project 2011). Menard, Robert (1953–present) is the Director of the World Freeman Society and a “guru” or “poster boy” for the loosely knit Freeman-on-the- Land movement in Canada. Te movement is as an anti-government group of “sovereign citizens” and “detaxers” who refuse to be governed by human laws, disrupt court operations and frustrate the legal rights of governments, corporations and individuals (Bell 2012).