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The Posterior Deep Temporal Artery of the Crab-Eating Monkey

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The Posterior Deep Temporal Artery of the Crab-Eating Monkey Okapmas Folia Anat. Jpn., 57(6) : 347-368, March 1981 The Posterior Deep Temporal Artery of the Crab-eating Monkey By FUMIHIKO SUWA Department of Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, Japan (Director : Prof. Y. Ohta) (one table, one text-figure and 14 figures in four plates) -Received for Publication, July 17, 1980- Key words : Temporal artery, Monkey, Plastic injection, Masticatory muscles, Comparative anatomy. Summary : The course, origin and ramification of the posterior deep temporal artery of the crab-eating monkey were studied by the acryl plastic injection method. The artery arose from the maxillary artery distal to the points of origin of the inferior alveolar and the middle meningeal arteries in all examples observed. The branches of the artery were : the anterior branch, the lateral pterygoid branch, the masseteric artery, the temporal lateral and the temporal crestal branch. These supplied the masticatory muscles except for the medial pterygoid muscle. In particular, the distribution territories of these branches were described according to the lamination of the masseter muscle (see Table 1) . The artery terminated in the superior, the superoposterior and the posterior branches in the temporal muscle. The lingual branch arose from the maxillary artery near the origin of the posterior deep tem- poral artery in all examples, and supplied the oral mucosa behind the lower molar teeth, their lingual gingivae and the posterior margin of the mylohyoid muscle and the masticatory muscles except for the masseter. Introduction author and his coworkers investigated the posterior deep temporal artery of the dog. The course and ramifications of the The present paper deals in detail with posterior deep temporal artery are located the posterior deep temporal artery, its in the infratemporal fossa which is oc- branches and supply areas in the crab- cupied by the medial and lateral pterygoid eating monkey. General descriptions of and the temporal muscles. The distribu- the artery in monkeys have previously tion territory of the artery expands to been given in textbooks or works in which the temporal fossa. Near the origin of the masticatory muscles were surveyed. the artery, various relations are seen with Some findings on the artery of the present the points of origin of the inferior alveolar species have been reported by Lineback artery, the pterygoid muscular branches (1933), Dyrud (1944), Castelli and Huelke and other branches which originate from (1965) and Suzuki (1975). the maxillary artery. In 1978, the present 347 348 F. Suwa Materials and Methods pterygoid (Fig. 2). At this position, the medial pterygoid branch (0.3-0.6, M. 0.39 Twenty adult crab-eating monkeys were mm) arose from the inferior wall of the used. Acryl plastic was injected via the artery in four of the 35 examples ob- common carotid arteries by the plastic served, the lateral pterygoid branch (0.3- injection method (Taniguchi, Ohta and 0.4, M, 0.32 mm) arose in two cases, and Tajiri 1952, 1955). Eighteen injected heads both branches arose in two cases (Figs. were treated with sodium hydroxide to 2, 14). The artery ran superolaterally on obtain corrosion specimens, although one the lateral side of the middle of the side of one head was unsuccessful in venter of the lower head of the lateral preparation. The two other injected heads prerygoid and medial to the insertion of were preserved in formalin solution for the deep temporal muscle, and arched dissection. All the corrosion specimens anteromedially between the upper and of the carotid system and formalin-pre- lower heads towards the pterygopalatine served samples were studied in order to fossa (Fig. 2). In this course, the elucidate the detailed anatomy of the artery gave rise to the lingual branch posterior deep temporal artery, its branches anteriorly and the posterior deep temporal and relationships with surrounding struc- artery superiorly. The origin of the tures. former lay proximal to that of the latter in 24 of the 35 examples observed (Fig. Findings 3), distal to that in seven cases and at the same level in four cases. The The maxillary artery (1.0-2.1, M. 1.60 origin of the latter, however, in all mm in diameter) ran anteriorly on the the cases mentioned, was located on the medial side of the collum mandibulae superior wall of the convex part of the (Fig. 4) and came inferolateral to the maxillary artery when it bent antero- lateral pterygoid muscle after crossing its medially on the venter of the lower head inferior margin obliquely from postero- (Figs. 2, 3, 11, 15). medial to anterolateral (Figs. 2, 3, 7). The inferior alveolar artery arose inferoante- 1. Posterior deep temporal artery riorly from the inferior wall of the max- This artery (0.7-1.6, M. 1.06 mm in di- illary when it passed medial to the collum ameter) ascended between the mandibular (Figs. 2, 3, 11). Simultaneously, the mid- ramus and the lateral surface of the dle meningeal artery (0.5-1.1, M. 0.76 mm) middle of the venter of the lateral ptery- arose from the medial wall of the max- goid muscle (Figs. 2, 3) along the poste- illary (Figs. 4, 7) inferolateral to the lower rior margin of the insertion of the deep head of the muscle. The maxillary thus temporal muscle up to the lower margin gave rise to the inferior alveolar and of the zygomatic arch beyond the height middle meningeal arteries, and the lingual of the mandibular notch. It then entered branch and the posterior deep temporal the deep temporal medial to its tendon artery in that order, respectively (Fig. 4). together with the deep temporal nerve, The maxillary artery ran anteriorly bent slightly posteriorly within the muscle superolateral to the lingual and inferior divided into the superior, the postero- alveolar nerves (Fig. 2) and reached the superior and the posterior branches (Figs. meeting point between the inferior margin 2, 3, 12). of the lower head of the lateral pterygoid and the posterior margin of the medial • The Posterior Deep Temporal Artery of the Crab-eating Monkey 349 Branches : 3), and gradually bent anteriorly, giving 1) Anterior branches (Fujimoto 1959, in off, small twigs superomedially and in- the dog) feriorly intramuscularly. These twigs This branch (0.3-0.8, M. 0.54 mm), the perforated the anterior margin of the first branch of the posterior deep tem- muscle. The main stream of the ante- poral, which numbered one in 20 cases rior branch continued to run anteriorly (Figs. 4, 5, 7) and two in 15 cases (Figs. between the temporal and the zygo- 3, 5), arose from its anterior wall, or maticomandibular muscles, then laterally rarely from the superior wall of the between the coronoid process and the maxillary artery, proximal or distal to latter. It finally came to the anterior the origin of the masseteric artery. It margin of the zygomaticomandibular immediately gave rise to the lateral muscle (Fig. 2). En route it gave off pterygoid branch medially in five cases twigs to its insertion medially and an- (Fig. 7), ran anterosuperiorly towards teriorly, anastomosing with the periph- the posterior margin of the insertion of eries of the buccal artery. The ante- the temporal muscle to enter it (Fig. rior branch which was underdeveloped Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the whole ramification of the posterior deep temporal artery in the crab-eating monkey. See key to abbreviations on page 358 . The asterisk indicates the zygomaticomandibular muscle. 350 F. Suwa in some cases (Fig. 5) supplied only the lay between the upper margin and the medial surface of the deep temporal venter of the upper head of the lateral muscles. pterygoid, and left medially the antero- In the 15 cases where two anterior medial or medial wall of the parent branches were seen (Figs. 3, 15), the artery. proximal was always stronger and dis- The branch, giving off small twigs played the features mentioned above. to the deep temporal muscle from its The distal arose from the anterior wall posterior margin, ran anteromedially. of the parent artery between the points It finally divided into the superior and of its origin and the masseteric artery anterior branches on the lateral side of in eight cases, from the superolateral the upper head of the lateral pterygoid. wall of the maxillary artery right distal The former branch bent anteromedially to the origin of the posterior deep between the upper head and the deep temporal artery in five cases, and from temporal muscle onto the superior the medial wall of the posterior deep surface of the head up to a small ridge temporal right distal to the origin of (corresponding to the infratemporal the masseteric in two cases. In the crest in man) above the origin of the five cases where the anterior branch head. Its peripheries anastomosed with arose from the maxillary, it was similar the muscular branch of the middle to the usual vessel in its course and meningeal (Fig. 7). The latter branch distribution area. In the other eight ran anterosuperomedially between the and two cases, the branch arising from venter of the upper head and the deep the posterior deep temporal ran antero- temporal muscle and gave off small superomedially towards the posterior twigs to the origin of the head medially. margin of the insertion of the deep The branch arising from the anterior temporal muscle to enter it and spread branch ran medially to the lateral sur- anterosuperiorly, i.e. to the superior face of the upper head. The branch area of the distribution territory of the arising from the masseteric artery usual anterior branch, anastomosing (Figs. 6, 8) ran anteromedially above with the superior branch and the ante- the upper head and turned to the supe- rior deep temporal artery intramuscu- rior branch since its origin usually lay larly.
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