Anhui Integrated Transport Sector Improvement Project

Environmental Assessment Report

Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 42018 June 2009

People’s Republic of China: Anhui Integrated Transport Sector Improvement Project

Prepared by Anhui provincial government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 23 June 2009)

Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1463 $1.00 = CNY6.8356

ABBREVIATIONS

ACCDI – Anhui Communications Consulting and Design Institute ADB – Asian Development Bank AHAB – Anhui Highway Administration Bureau APCIG – Anhui Provincial Communication Investment Group APEPB – Anhui Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau dBA – A-weighted decibel EA – executing agency EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan IA – implementing agency PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China

NOTE

In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CONTENTS

Page

MAP

I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2 A. Physical Environment 3 B. Ecological Environment 5 C. Social and Economic Development 6 IV. ALTERNATIVES 7 A. With and Without Project Alternatives 7 B. Alternatives for the Expressway 8 C. Alternatives for Local Roads 10 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 10 A. Physical Environment Impacts of the Expressway 10 B. Physical Environmental Impacts of Local Roads 17 C. Environmental Impacts of Bus Terminals and Stops 18 D. Sociocultural and Economic Development 18 E. Environmental Impacts of Jiangsu Sections 21 F. Possible Change in Alignment 21 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 21 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 22 A. Objectives 22 B. Mitigation Measures 22 C. Implementing Organization and Responsibilities 23 D. Inspection, Monitoring, and Reporting 23 E. Correction and Improvement of Mitigation Measures 24 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULATIONS AND DISCLOSURE 24 A. Two-Round Public Participation during Project Preparation 24 B. Summary of Public Consultation Results 24 C. Future Public Consultation during the Implementation. 25 IX. CONCLUSIONS 26

APPENDIXES 1. Environmental Costs 27 2. Environmental Management Plan 28

o 116o 00'E 119 00'E

ANHUI INTEGRATED TRANSPORT SECTOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA S H A N D O N G

Xuzhou 0 20 40 60 80

Kilometers 34 o 00'N Huaibei Minxian 34 o 00'N

1 Bozhou Suzhou Shantou Lingbi J I A N G S U H E N A N Sixian Guzhen Xiaowei Bus Terminal 2

Bengbu Wuhe Xuyi Fuyang 3 Mingguang Tianchang Huainan 4 to Y angzho Dingyuan u

Chuzhou A N H U I NANJING

HEFEI Longtang Maanshan Lu'an 5

Heishidu Shucheng Chaohu Chao Lake Daoshichong Lujiang Wuhu 6 Tongcheng .) Zhongjieling Xuancheng 7 (Yangtze R Yuexi Huaining Tongling gjiang Mazusi 8 Mamiao Chan Qianshan Jingxian Yezhai H U B E I Anqing Qingyang Taihu Ducun Bus Terminal Shipai Bus Terminal Caijiaqiao Z H E J I A N G

Wangjiang Dongzhi 6 o 30 o 00'N 30 00'N Qimen Local Roads 1 Shantou--Minxian Bainitang Tunxi 2 Wuhe--Guzhen 3 Mingguang--Jiangsu Border Provincial Capital Other Road 4 J I A N G X I Jiangsu Border--Tianchang City/Town Railway 5 Longtang--Chaohu Project Expressway River 6 Daoshichong--Zhongjieling Existing Expressway Provincial Boundary 7 Yuexi--Mamiao Planned Expressway Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. 8 Mazusi--Yezhai

Project Local Road 6 Dongzhi--Bainitang

116o 00'E 119o 00'E

09-1750 HR

I. INTRODUCTION

1. This summary environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the Anhui Integrated Transport Sector Improvement Project (the Project) is based on (i) full EIAs for the proposed Xuzhou–Mingguang (hereinafter, “Xu–Ming”) Expressway and two local roads (S105 and S312)1 prepared by the Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute (SSSI), (ii) full EIAs for local road X052 and six rehabilitation roads prepared by the Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences (APAES), 2 (iii) project feasibility studies 3 prepared by the Anhui Communications Consulting and Design Institute (ACCDI), (iv) field surveys and public consultations from project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA),4 and (v) work5 completed by the technical assistance team under the PPTA.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2. The overall objective of the Project is to enhance the transport sector in Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China (PRC) through the selective construction of new roads; the upgrading, maintenance, and provision of safety measures on existing roads; and improvements to local bus services in poor counties. The Project has three components: (i) constructing the new, 137.35-kilometer (km), four-lane Xu–Ming Expressway; (ii) upgrading three local roads and rehabilitating six local roads; and (iii) improving rural transport services through the upgrading and construction of three township bus terminals or bus stops.

3. Xu–Ming Expressway Component. The Xu–Ming Expressway will link two existing expressways: the Xuzhou–Huai’an Expressway in Jiangsu Province in the north and the Bengbu–Nanjing Expressway (i.e., Bengning Expressway near Mingguang) in the south. The Xu–Ming Expressway will be parallel to—and west of—existing national highway G104 and provide improved connectivity northeast of Anhui Province. A 6-km section between the Anhui–Jiangsu border and Huai’an Expressway lies outside of the project area, and the Jiangsu provincial government will construct this section before the Project is completed.

4. The Xu–Ming Expressway begins near Liangzhuang, north of Lingbi County at the provincial border between Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, and ends connecting to the Bengning Expressway near Jigang. The expressway will have dual two-lane carriageways, constructed on a formation width of 28 meters (m). Four intermediate junctions will connect with local roads S302, S303, and S306, as well as the new East–West Expressway. The total cost is estimated at around CNY6,788.2 million ($995.4million), with a per km cost of $7.25 million.

1 Shanghai Ship and Shipping Insitute (SSSI). 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Xu–Ming Expressway. Shanghai; SSSI. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report for S105 Highwa., Shanghai; and SSSI. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment report for S312 highway. Shanghai. The EIAs was approved in May. 2 Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences (APAES). 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment for X056 Highway. Hefei Anhui; and APAES. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment for the Six Rehabilitation Roads. Hefei, Anhui. 3 Anhui Communications Consulting and Design Institute (ACCDI). 2009. Feasibility Study for the Xu–Ming Expressway. Hefei, Anhui; ACCDI. 2009. Feasibility Study for S105 highway. Hefei, Anhui; ACCDI. 2009. Feasibility Study for S312 highway. Hefei, Anhui; ACCDI. 2009. Feasibility Study for X056 highway. Hefei Anhui; and ACCDI. 2009. Feasibility Study for the Six Rehabilitation Roads. Hefei Anhui. 4 Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2008. Technical Assistance to the People’s Republic of China for Preparing Anhui Roads Development Project. Manila (TA No. 7119-PRC). 5 ADB. 2009. Technical Assistance Consultant’s Final Report for Anhui Roads Development Project. Consultant’s Report, Manila (TA No. 7119-PRC).

5. Local Road Network Improvement Component. This component will focus on upgrading three local roads and rehabilitating six local roads. A brief description of each is presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Local Road Network Improvement Program

Estimated Road Length No. Start-End Point Upgrading or Rehabilitation Works Costs Number (km) (CNY million) 1. S105 Longtang–Chaohu 50.34 Upgrade class II to I, and realign three 982 sections, totaling 15.34 km 2. S312 Jiangsu Border– 15.64 Upgrade class II to I, and realign one 268 Tianchang section with a length of 2.7 km 3. X056 Shantou– Minxian 106.36 Upgrade class III to II 346 4. S318 Heishidu– 32.63 Rehabilitation (class II/III) 84 Zhongjieling 5. S209 Yuexi–Mamiao 73.53 Rehabilitation (class III) 263 6. S309 Xuyi–Dingyuan 34.50 Rehabilitation (class II) 88 7. S304 Wuhe–Guzhen 60.90 Rehabilitation (class II) 148 8. X044 Mazusi–Yezhai 16.00 Safety improvements only 10 9. G206 Dongzhi–Bainitang 62.56 Safety improvements only 62 Total 452.47 2,251 km = kilometer. Sources: Anhui Communications Consulting and Design Institute (ACCDI). 2009. Feasibility Study for S105 highway. Anhui; ACCDI. 2009. Feasibility Study for S312 highway, Hefei Anhui; ACCDI. 2009. Feasibility Study for X056 highway. Hefei Anhui; and ACCDI. 2009. Feasibility Study for the Six Rehabilitation Roads. Hefei Anhui.

6. Two subcomponents involve improving key sections of the provincial highway network from class II to class I standards (S105 and S312), and the third will raise a county-level road (X056) from class III to class II standards. The first two sections are heavily trafficked and are important commercial and industrial corridors, while upgrading the X056 is part of a strategy to improve access in the north of the province and to link a series of rural townships.

7. The six rehabilitation subcomponents, with a total length of 280 km, will provide a simple overlay to the existing pavement within the right-of-way and with no significant change to the alignment (except for sections of S209, which involve construction to adjust the horizontal alignment and vertical profile).

8. Rural Transport Services Improvement Component. This component will focus on regulatory changes derived from recommendations of an earlier Asian Development Bank (ADB) study on rural bus operations in the PRC.6 Two existing rural bus terminals will be upgraded (Xiaowei in Wuhe County and Duchun in Qingyang County), and one will be built (Shipai in Haining County).

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

9. The environmental impact area is defined as (i) the area within 200 m of the expressway and local roads with regard to air quality and aquatic and acoustic environments; and (ii) within 300 m with regard to the ecological environment but extending to 100 m around borrow and disposal areas. It also encompasses the Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve. The social environmental impact area comprises the counties through which the expressway traverses.

6 ADB. 2006. Technical Assistance to the People’s Republic of China for Sustainable Rural Transportation Services. Manila (TA 4806-PRC).

A. Physical Environment

1. Topography, Geology, and Soil

10. This Project lies in northeast Anhui Province. The Huai River divides the project area, differentiating their topographical components. The north area belongs to the Huaibei Plain, and the south belongs to Jianghuai Hilly Region, with elevations ranging from 13.1 m to 170 m above sea level.

11. The soil in the project area were developed based on alluvial sediments of the Huai River. To the north of the river, the main soil is blackland, with relatively low agricultural productivity. Paddy soil is abundant in the south area, with high agricultural productivity.

2. Meteorology and Climate

12. The project area is in a transitional weather area, with a northern subtropical humid climatic zone south of the Huai River, and a semi-humid temperate climatic zone north of the river. It has four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 14.0°–16.1° Celsius. The minimum and maximum temperatures recorded are –22.8° Celsius and 41.3° Celsius, respectively. Annual average precipitation is 872.9–903.2 millimeters, with high annual average evaporation (1,421.9–1,651.0 millimeters).

3. Air Quality

13. Much of the proposed alignment runs through rural areas and open fields, where there are no significant sources of air pollution. Ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide and total suspended particulates measured for 5 consecutive days (20–25 December 2008) at six locations suggest that air quality in the project corridor falls well within PRC class II air quality standards.7.

4. Surface Water Quality

14. The alignment crosses the Huai, Huaihongxin, Xinbian, and Xinsui rivers. Water quality requirements set by Anhui Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (APEPB) must meet class III surface water quality standards8 for the Huai, Huaihongxin, and Xinbian rivers, and class IV for the Xinsui River. Samples for analyzing chemical oxygen demand, 9 oil, pH, suspended solids, and total suspended solids were taken twice daily during 25–26 December 2008. The results of sample analysis (Table 2) suggest that water quality at the sampling locations do not meet PRC water quality standards.

7 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA, was renamed to Ministry of Environment in 2008). 1996 and amended by 2000. Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996). Beijing. In this standard, class I is applied to natural scenic and protected areas; class II to urban areas and mixed urban, residential, business, and traffic areas; and class III to industrial areas. 8 SEPA. 2002. Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). Beijing. 9 Chemical oxygen demand is an indicator of water quality that indirectly measures the presence of organic compounds present in water.

Table 2: Average Surface Water Quality Conditions

CODm Oil NH3-N TSSa Applicable River Location pH n (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Standard Xinsui K46+100 7.08–7.12 10.8–11.8 0.42–0.46 1.67–1.85 8–12 IV Xinbian K59+720 7.45–7.55 8.25–9.12 0.22–0.28 1.08–1.25 12–15 III Huaihongxin K100+940 7.38–7.52 5.34–5.88 0.12–0.18 0.08–0.15 5–7 III Huai K111+940 7.07–7.14 4.46–5.13 0.03–0.06 0.24–0.35 2–8 III GB3838-2002 ≤2/4/6/10/ ≤0.05/0.05/ ≤0.15/0.5/1. 6.00–9.00 Class I–V 15 0.05/0.5/1 0/1.5/2.0 CODmn = chemical oxygen demand, NH3-N = ammonia nitrogen, l = liter, mg = milligram, pH = a measure of acidity/alkalinity, TSS = total suspended solids. a No TSS limits are specified in the State Environmental Protection Administration (SPEA, now renamed to Ministry Of Environment). 2002. Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). Beijing. Source: Shanghai Ship and Shipping Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Xu–Ming Expressway. Shanghai.

5. Noise

15. Ambient noise levels within 35 m of the right-of-way must meet PRC class IV noise standards (GB3096-1993), which are 70 dBA10 during the day and 55 dBA at night. Beyond 35 m from the right-of-way, a class II standard must be met (60 dBA during the day and 50 dBA at night).11 In addition, according to PRC regulation,12 a standard of 60 dBA during the day and 50 dBA at night must be met within 35 m of all schools. During the environmental survey, 51 residences and 3 schools along the expressway were identified as sensitive sites subject to possible noise pollution. Noise levels, measured at 23 residential sites and 3 schools (Table 3), ranged from 38.5 to 56.7 dBA during the day and from 38.4 to 51.2 dBA at night, well below PRC standards.

Table 3: Noise Levels at Representative Receptors within 100 Meters of Right-of-Way

Distance from Location Site Name Day 1 Day 2 Average Right-of-Way DN D N D N (m) K1+000-K1+800 Liangzhuang 39.3 38.5 44.5 40.2 41.9 39.4 10 K1+300-K1+500 Liangzhuang School 41.4 40.2 42.5 41.6 42.0 40.9 75 K3+900-K4+300 Xiasong 42.4 39.6 44.5 38.9 43.5 39.3 10 K13+700-K15+300 Liangji 54.5 41.2 53.6 41.6 54.1 41.4 10 K25+600-K26+050 Wangshen 53.6 42.7 54.1 38.9 53.9 40.8 10 K29+950-K30+100 Gaozhai School 44.2 38.4 43.2 39.1 43.7 38.8 53 K30+700-K31+500 Sanjialu 47.9 38.9 48.5 42.3 48.2 40.6 10 K35+300-K35+900 lipuzhuang 55.4 42.3 51.4 43.6 53.4 43.0 10 K40+200-K42+500 Gaoji 39.6 38.5 43.6 39.4 41.6 39.0 10 K43+100-K44+100 Xiaoxuzhuang 56.7 41.3 52.3 41.5 54.5 41.4 70 K49+800-K50+000 Xiaolizhuang 47.3 40.2 45.6 42.1 46.5 41.2 50 K51+000-K51+300 Xiguzhuang 42.5 39.7 43.2 39.1 42.9 39.4 5 K54+250-K54+300 Xindai School 45.6 41.2 48.5 40.5 47.1 40.9 10 K57+100-K58+100 Liuyuzi 46.4 41.2 47.8 42.1 47.1 41.7 10 K65+000-K66+500 Gousizhuang 45.6 41.2 47.2 41.6 46.4 41.4 10 K68+700-K68+900 Guanludaizhuang 48.2 41.3 44.1 41.5 46.2 41.4 100 K72+400-K73+200 Xiaozhuzhuang 48.2 39.5 53.2 40.2 50.7 39.9 10 K78+200-K79+000 Dalizhuang 51.5 41.2 48.3 41.0 49.9 41.1 10 K81+000-K81+700 Dongtanghu 43.2 38.6 41.5 38.9 42.4 38.8 10

10 dBA is A-weighted decibel, a loudness measure typically used for calculating ambient noise levels. 11 Ministry of Environmental Protection. 2008. Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Area (GB3096-2008). Beijing. 12 SEPA. 2003. Regulation No. 94: Noise Standard for Schools and Hospitals for Road Construction Projects. Beijing.

Distance from Location Site Name Day 1 Day 2 Average Right-of-Way DN D N D N (m) K83+400-K84+200 Xichenghu 41.8 38.9 42.5 38.4 42.2 38.7 10 K112+100-K112+400 Dengtaizi 51.4 42.1 52.5 43.6 52.0 42.9 10 K117+800-K118+100 Zhuangilzi 52.3 40.5 52.4 39.4 52.4 40.0 10 K121+300-K121+700 Heshandu 51.4 41.3 52.8 40.6 52.1 41.0 15 K124+700-K124+850 Xiaojiangzhuang 51.9 44.7 52.1 43.6 52.0 44.2 75 K125+300-K125+400 Yuying 54.3 49.5 55.6 51.2 54.9 50.4 75 K133+700-K134+400 Sanzhangzhuang 47.8 41.3 48.4 39.6 48.1 40.5 35 dBA = A-weighted decibel, D = daytime, m = meter, N = night time. Source: Shanghai Ship and Shipping Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Xu–Ming Expressway. Shanghai.

B. Ecological Environment

16. Flora and Fauna. The project area is in a temperate zone of deciduous forests. No plants or animal species on national protection lists are found within 300 m of the expressway’s central line,13 except in the Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve, which is about 250 m away from the alignment. Major vegetation is mostly agricultural crops and plants, and shelterbelt for protecting these crops include poplar, willow, wheat, corn, and beans. Protected plants and wildlife are only located in the nature reserve.

17. Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve.14 The Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve, a provincial nature reserve (Figure), encompasses 4,180.2 hectares (ha), of which the (i) core zone is about 369.9 ha, (ii) buffer zone is 969.0 ha, and (iii) experimental zone is 2,841.3 ha. The nature reserve was established in 2000 by the Anhui provincial government15 for protecting the black stork (Ciconia nigra), Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus), white stork (Ciconia ciconia), various aquatic lives, and wetland ecosystem. The black stork, great bustard (Otis tarda), Siberian crane, and white stork are within the first level of nationally protected species, and the common crane (Grus grus), hen harrier (Circus cyaneus), Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata), and white- naped crane (Grus vipio) are within the second level. The great bustard and Siberian crane are also on the World Conservation Union’s Red List of Threatened Species. These protected animals are mainly found in the core zone. At its closest segment, the alignment runs about 2.7 km from the edge of the core zone and will be 250 m away from the edge of the experimental zone.

13 This was confirmed by forest bureau officials and a Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute survey. 14 The nature reserve is organized into three interrelated zones: (i) core zone, (ii) buffer zone, and (iii) experimental zone (according to State Council of PRC. 1994. Regulation No 167: Natural Reserve. Beijing). The core zone is legally established and gives long-term protection to the landscape, ecosystem, and species it contains. The only human activities permitted in the core zone involve research and monitoring with authorized approval. A buffer zone surrounds and is contiguous to the core zone. Activities are restricted to research. An experimental zone is an outer transition area where some human activities are acceptable, such as for research, education, observation of animals, tourism, pasturage, and breeding of endangered plants and animals. 15 Anhui Provincial Government. 2000. Approval Notice of Setting Up Tuohu and Other Three Provincial Nature Reserves (No. APG[2004]104). Hefei.

Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve Core Zone Buffer Zone

Experimental Zone National River or Canal Highway 104 Project Shen Expressway Xiao Road

Tuohu Lake

Wugu Road Wuhe County Center Source: Shanghai Ship and Shipping Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Xu-Ming Expressway. Shanghai.

C. Social and Economic Development

1. Social and Economic Profile

18. Anhui is a landlocked province in central PRC with a land area of 139,400 square kilometers. It has a population of 66 million, 63% of which is situated in rural areas—higher than the national average of 56%. The population density, at 470 persons per square kilometer, is higher than the national average of 138 and the central region’s of 355. Anhui is a least-developed province, with its gross domestic product per capita ranked 28th among all the provinces in 2007, ahead of only Gansu, Guizhou, and Yunnan.

19. The project expressway covers Lingbi County, Si County, Wuhe County, and Mingguang Municipality. Poverty and urban–rural disparity are major issues. In 2007, gross domestic product per capita in the three counties and Mingguang Municipality ranged from CNY5,564 ($816) to CNY8,808 ($1291)—greatly below the provincial average of CNY12,045 ($1766). Of the four counties, Linbi and Si are officially designated “poverty counties”. The average annual per capita rural income in the project area was only CNY3,052–CNY3,674 ($447–$539) in 2007, close to the provincial average of CNY3,556 ($521). In 2005, the Anhui provincial government launched the New Countryside Initiative to promote the development of its vast rural areas.

Accessibility and mobility of the population is an important aspect to socioeconomic and rural development.

Table 4: Major Social and Economic Index

Annual Rural GDP per Salary of Income Project Area GDP Primary Second Tertiary Population Capita Government Per (billion (1,000) (CNY) Employees Capita Lingbi County 6.58 50.5 19.3 30.2 1,183 5,564 14,946 3,052 Si County 5.98 47.0 27.1 25.9 887 6,737 16,942 3,085 Wuhe County 6.35 42.4 25.8 31.8 720 8,808 16,761 3,607 Mingguang 1 Municipality 4.83 39.8 23.8 36.4 532 7,442 7,652 3,674 Anhui 736.42 16.3 44.7 39.0 66,757 12,045 22,180 3,556 Source: Shanghai Ship and Shipping Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Xu–Ming Expressway. Shanghai, and PPTA consultants, 2009,

2. Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites

20. No important natural sites are found within 3 km of the expressway, except for Dagongshan Provincial Forest Park, which is about 1 km from the expressway. There is no record of cultural relic or archaeological sites within 200 m of the expressway alignment.

IV. ALTERNATIVES

A. With- and Without-Project Alternatives

21. Inadequate road infrastructure has been a major obstacle for economic development and poverty reduction in Anhui Province. The total length of roads in the province was 148,320 km by the end of 2007. Expressways and high-standard highways (class I and class II) amounted to only 2,568 km (8.4%) of the province’s road network, much lower than the national average of 10.6%. In addition, more than 82% of the roads were class IV or unclassified.

22. The expressway is included in the province’s 11th Five-Year Plan and forms part of the planned road network included in the Rising Central Region Plan, a growth strategy for six central provinces—Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Shanxi—that is based on the region becoming a key transport hub linking east and west, and north and south. The overall strategy seeks to capitalize on the locational advantages of the Central Region and, in particular, proximity to the dynamic development pole around the Yangtze River Delta, which has experienced extraordinary levels of growth over the past 15–20 years.

23. As the Xu–Ming Expressway will link two existing expressways—the Xuzhou–Huai’an Expressway in Jiangsu Province and the Bengbu–Nanjing Expressway—Anhui Province will benefit from growth spillover effects from neighboring Jiangsu Province. The expressway will also link key routes from coastal areas via Nanjing to Xuzhou and onwards to Jinan (Shandong) and Hebei, as well as Zhengzhou (Henan), Shanxi, and the west.

24. The overall package of local road improvements is intended to assist with the distribution of potential development benefits associated with the expansion of the expressway into the less well-accessed—and poorer—districts within the province. The Project will ensure that these benefits are transmitted to rural, less-developed areas. Without the Project, economic

8 development and poverty reduction in the project area will be slowed. Therefore, the without-project alternative is not a viable option.

B. Alternatives for the Expressway

25. Alternate Transport Modes. Water transport is not a viable option, as no watercourse runs from north to south in this area. No railway to Nanjing from the project area has been planned in the 11th Five-Year Plan. Even if a railway from this area to Nanjing were constructed, it would mainly provide only mass transport between the big cities. Transporting goods to townships or farms—or improving the availability of essential services to poor areas—requires the development of road systems, including expressways and local road networks. The Xu–Ming Expressway, with local road development, will spur economic development and poverty reduction in the project area.

26. Alternative Expressway Alignment. Various alternative alignments were examined in prefeasibility studies. Two alignments, known as alternative 1 (the western alignment) and alternative 2 (the eastern alignment), were recommended for further detailed analysis. Intensive field surveys and a detailed analysis compared these two alignments based on (i) protection of the Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve, (ii) minimized need for resettlement, (iii) conservation of productive agricultural lands, (iv) minimized environmental damage, (v) technical feasibility, (vi) geological risks, and (vii) construction costs. The alignment finally selected in the January 2009 feasibility study is alternative 1.

27. However, the selected western route alignment in the feasibility study3 involves a main bridge through the nature reserve’s experimental zone, which may have adverse impacts on protected birds due to traffic noise and light. This alignment was set to avoid a drinking water intake between the nature reserve and Wuhe county center. Through intensive public consultation with the project management office, local governments, and the community along the new alignment, a modified alternative 1 with realignment in the section of K84+500- K100+400 was proposed to avoid the nature reserve. For the realignment, the Wuhe county government agreed to move the drinking water intake upstream of the expressway. Based on further field studies and detailed comparative analysis, the modified alternative 1 with a length of 137.35 km was finally selected. A summary of the comparative analysis is presented in Table 5.

Table 5: Alternative Analysis

Modified Preferred Criteria Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 1 Alignment 1. Geological Good Good Same as No difference condition alternative 1 2. Soil erosion Insignificant insignificant Same as No difference alternative 1 3. Water insignificant insignificant Same as No difference pollution and alternative 1 water resource protection 4. Groundwater Less Less Same as No difference alternative 1 5. Noise Less noise impacts on Wuhe High noise impacts on Same as Alternative 1 town and traffic safety alternative 1 and Modified issues to Wuhe town Alternative 1 6. Air quality Insignificant insignificant Same as No difference alternative 1 7. Energy saving Comparatively shorter Much more energy Similar to Alternative 1 and vehicle distance will bring energy consumption and alternative 2 emission saving and hence reduce vehicle emission over substantially vehicle the operation period emission including CO2 emission over the operation period. 8. Land Large amount of land Large amount of land Same as No difference acquisition acquisition, but very little acquisition, but very alternative 1 and resettlement little resettlement resettlement 9. Farmland Require a large amount of Require a large Similar to Alternative 1 protection farmland, but less than amount of farmland alternative 2 alternative 2 does 10. Impacts on Adverse influence on minimal No influence Same as Alternative 2 natural resource exploitation alternative 1 resource 11. Tuohu Lake Potential impacts No impacts No impacts Alternative 2 Nature Reserve 12. Social and Promote regional social and Promote regional Promote Modified economic economic development social and economic regional social Alternative 1 development significantly, particularly for development and economic Wuhe County significantly development most significantly, particularly for Wuhe County 13. Local Favored by Wuhe public and Objected by Wuhe Most favored by Modified government government, no objection public and Wuhe public Alternative 1 consultation from the rest of the counties government, no and government along the expressway objection from the rest and no objection of the counties from the rest of counties 14. Engineering Most expensive Less investment, but Less expensive Modified and operation increase travel time than alternative Alternative 1 costs and fuel consumption 1 over the operation period Recommended alignment: Modified Alternative 1 Source: Shanghai Ship and Shipping Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment for Xu–Ming Expressway. Hefei, Anhui.

C. Alternatives for Local Roads

28. Alternative alignments were considered by realigning part of S105 and S312 to avoid populated towns such as Cuizhen, Dongyang, and Zhonghan along S105 and Renheji along S312. An alternative section of X056 between K30+390-K51+560 was proposed to connect Fangmiao to spur its economic development.

29. No alternative alignments were considered for the six rehabilitated local roads.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Physical Environment Impacts of the Expressway

1. Topography and Soil

30. Excavation and Filling Activities during Construction. The Project will require excavating more than 1.11 million cubic meters (m3) of earth from cut sections of the alignment. All excavated materials from the cut section will be used as fill, and an additional 10.99 million m3 will be needed from borrow sites. The borrow sites have not yet been identified, but the Anhui Provincial Communications Department and ACCDI will ensure that (i) environmental screening for selection will be conducted, (ii) topsoil will be stripped and stockpiled for rehabilitation, and (iii) erosion protection measures in borrow pits such as slope stabilization will be required and included in contract documentation as contractor responsibilities.

31. Slope Protection during Construction. Slope protection works will employ a variety of bioengineering and civil structure measures to reduce erosion in line with the PRC’s Highway Protection Guidelines16. Regular supervision and monitoring of erosion prevention measures during construction will be undertaken by the site supervisors and local water resources bureaus.

32. Soil Erosion during Operation. No significant soil erosion is expected if all slope protection and drainage measures are properly installed during construction and are adequately maintained. For proper maintenance, regular inspection is crucial to detect signs of slope instability and to ensure revegetation. Drainage systems installed inside and outside of the right-of-way will be regularly monitored by expressway operators and local water resources bureaus.

2. Water Quality

a. Construction Period

33. Bridge and Road Construction. The Project features 86 bridges with a total length of 16.641 km. Most of the cast-in-place and precast piers for supporting bridge decks will be on dry land (i.e., terraces or flood plains), but some will be installed in the watercourse for supporting the bridges over the Huai, Huaihongxin, and Xinbian rivers, which may impact water quality. To protect water quality, cofferdams will be installed to prevent silt from rising during the initial boring operation. Boring spoil will be hauled to spoil disposal areas.

16 Ministry of Construction. 2004. Guideline for Highway Subgrade Design (JTGD 30-2004). Beijing; Ministry of Construction. 1998. Design Specification for Highway Environmental Protection (JTJ/T006-98). Beijing.

34. There are two categories of wastewater resulting from the use of watercraft for bridge construction: one is from cleaning and washing the vessels, and the other is bilge water. The amount of bilge water is likely to be very small, but it will contain a lot of pollutants, such as lubricating oil and petroleum. This wastewater must be taken to and treated by appropriate treatment facilities, which will then be settled before being discharged into drainage systems— not directly into rivers.

35. Construction Camp Operations. If the workforce is assumed to be 4,000 persons on-site plus 100 workers at each camp, 8.1 m3 of wastewater from each worker camp (or a total of 324 m3 per day for all camps) will be collected if the wastewater generation rate is about 81 liters per worker. To mitigate water impacts, the following mitigation measures will be implemented: (i) contractors will be encouraged to hire local laborers, (ii) wastewater will be treated by septic tanks before discharging, and (iii) treated effluent will be encouraged for agricultural use during irrigation seasons.

36. To protect Lake Tuohu, camps will be set up at a distance of at least 500 m, and the effluent from septic tanks will not be directly discharged into the lake in accordance with PRC wastewater standards.17 No water-flushing latrines will be installed to collect human waste, which instead will be dried naturally or composted for fertilizer.

37. The workforce will generate solid waste of 0.05 ton per day in each camp. The contractor will ensure proper collection, storage, and disposal of this waste, and multicompartment collection bins will be provided to facilitate its reuse, recycling, and composting. Waste will be stored away from water bodies and regularly hauled to a suitable landfill or designated dumping site. Appropriate waste storage containers will be provided by the contractors, and agreements will be signed with local villages for waste disposal and, where appropriate, through village facilities. These arrangements will be made prior to commencing work.

38. Material and Chemical Use and Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance. Potential spills and leaks of materials and chemicals such as asphalt, fuel, petroleum products, lubricants, solvents, and other pollutants, as well as those from vehicle and equipment maintenance, may cause serious water and soil pollution. The following mitigation measures for reducing such risks are proposed.

(i) On-site fueling areas will be selected away from water bodies, particularly from Lake Tuohu; on-site fueling facilities will only be used for equipment that must be fueled on-site; and all vehicles and equipment that regularly enter and leave the construction sites will be fueled off-site. (ii) Vehicle and equipment wash areas will be properly identified by signs and located away from drainage facilities and watercourses. These will be paved with concrete or asphalt and have berms to contain runoff. They will be equipped with septic tanks to collect and dispose of wash water. All vehicles and equipment that regularly enter and leave the construction sites will be cleaned off-site. (iii) A handling protocol for construction materials and chemicals will be prepared and applied. It will, for example, call for material storage away from watercourses and provision of retention areas to contain accidental spills of such toxic, hazardous, and harmful construction materials as caustic and acidic substances, oil and petroleum products, and asphalt materials.

17 SEPA. 1996. Integrated Waste Water Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). Beijing.

39. Soil Erosion Control. Rainfall runoff and surplus spoil from construction sites will be polluted by silt prior to their stabilization and protection by a vegetative cover. Settlement ponds will be constructed as part of the soil erosion protection plan to ensure that this runoff does not impact the local water quality, and especially where the alignment is close to Lake Tuohu.

b. Operation Period

40. During the operation period, the major sources of potential water pollution will be from (i) road surface runoff, (ii) wastewater effluent from service centers and toll stations, and (iii) accidental spills.

41. Road Surface Runoff. Due to the negligible amount of pollution load,18 roadway runoff will have little impact on water quality. It is suggested that roadway runoff drainage be diverted over grassed or pervious areas, permitting fine materials to settle, oily water to be retained, and the volume and rate of flow to be reduced. These measures will be especially necessary at areas near Lake Tuohu and at the bridges that cross the Huai, Huaihongxin, and Xinbian rivers.

42. Impact on Drinking Water Supply. The Wuhe county government will move the water intake from 1.3 km down (west) of the expressway alignment to 0.3 km upstream (east) of the alignment to avoid any potential impacts from construction and operation of the expressway.

43. Facilities. There will be four toll stations, three service centers, one administration office, and two maintenance yards, employing and servicing totally about 1,085 people equivalent to the permanent residents. Estimated total domestic wastewater will be about 27 tons per day, and car washing wastewater about 23 tons per day. A sewer system with a biological treatment process is proposed for treating wastewater generated from each service area and the Changgou maintenance yard, while the toll stations and Wuhe maintenance yard (with their small amounts of wastewater generation) will be treated by integrated treatment devices. The effluent from the treatment facilities and devices must meet PRC class I discharge standards17 before leaving the site.

3. Air Quality

44. Construction Period. During construction, air pollution sources will be (i) dust caused by aggregate preparation and concrete-mixing plants,19 pile driving, material storage, transport of borrow material and excavation spoil, and soil dust from disturbed and uncovered construction areas; (ii) emissions from asphalt paving; and (iii) vehicle emissions from truck traffic and heavy equipment operation. Impacts from these emissions will be limited to an area within 300 m downwind from the sources. Mitigation measures to overcome these localized, potentially adverse impacts include:

(i) material storage sites and mixing stations set up more than 300 m downwind from the nearest settlement or school; (ii) concrete-mixing plants in houses or sealed when possible, and dust suppression equipment installed for preventing dust emissions;

18 The pollutant concentration of initial runoff can be very high, but a very small amount of runoff is easily absorbed by soil before flowing into receiving waters. 19 Due to the remoteness of the site, localized batching plants will be established to provide concrete for piers and abutments for the number of very large bridges and culverts to be constructed.

(iii) construction roads, construction areas, and areas adjacent to mixing plants watered on a set daily schedule (considering weather conditions) by using water trucks, and during dry season, watered at least twice a day; (iv) trucks transporting fine materials, especially from borrow areas and material storage sites, covered by canvas to prevent dust emissions; and (v) vehicles properly maintained and passing annual inspection tests supervised by APEPB.

45. Operation Period. During operation, air pollution will be from vehicle emissions, and the main pollutant will be nitrogen dioxide. A modeling forecast for nitrogen dioxide during operation indicated that air pollution will be localized within the right-of-way and can meet PRC class II air quality standards7 outside the right-of-way. Therefore, no significant impacts on air quality will be expected during the operation.

46. With rapid economic development and growth in vehicle numbers, vehicle emissions will become a major air pollution problem. The Government of the PRC has taken several steps to control vehicle emissions such as introducing stricter emissions regulation on the vehicle industry, vehicle inspection and maintenance programs, and new fuel taxes. To mitigate the impact of vehicle emissions, APEPB will follow the national vehicle emission control strategies specified by the Ministry of Environmental Protection such as

(i) enforcing stricter emission standards (e.g., step IV of GB18352-3-2005 and GB17691-2005) by July 2010;20 (ii) enforcing an inspection and maintenance program for all existing vehicles, including (a) annual emission checks and random roadside testing; (b) installing emission control devices that require vehicles to be repaired or updated if they cannot meet required standards; (c) development of a quality audit system to assess the quality of vehicle emission tests and to prevent fraud and corruption; (d) upgrading vehicle testing facilities as needed; and (e) promoting environmental awareness regarding vehicle emissions; (iii) encouraging use of alternative or cleaner fuels by modifying existing vehicles to dual-fuel engine vehicles, and establishing cleaner filling stations such as compressed natural gas stations; and (iv) forcing the retirement of vehicles that are more than 8–10 years old and have failed the emission inspection test three consecutive times, and encouraging retirement of old vehicles through subsidies and enforcement.

47. To reduce any adverse impacts from vehicle emissions, the operating entity will pursue the following measures in cooperation with the Anhui Provincial Communications Department and APEPB:

(i) initiating a program whereby gas stations along the expressway must provide clean fuel, such as compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, or reformulated gasoline, in addition to normal gasoline. (ii) giving preferential consideration to bus companies that use cleaner fuels and install better emissions control systems when bidding for expressway bus services if all other conditions are equal, and forbidding bus companies that

20 Ministry of Environmental Protection. 2005. Limits and Measurement Methods for Emission from Light-duty Vehicles (III, VI) of PRC (GB18532-3). Beijing; and MEP. 2005. Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression Ignition and Gas-Fueled Positive Ignition Engines of Vehicles (III, IV, and V) of PRC (GB17691). Beijing.

cannot meet the emissions control standards from bidding on expressway bus services; and (iii) encouraging gas stations along the expressway to install fuel vapor capture equipment to reduce total hydrocarbon levels in the atmosphere.

4. Noise

48. Construction Period. A significant increase in noise is expected during construction, due to various construction and transport activities. Construction activities will involve bulldozers, graders, stabilizers, concrete-mixing plants, drills, stone-crushing and screening plants, rollers, and other heavy machinery. While noise levels may be severe, they will be temporary and localized. It is estimated that noise intensity from these activities will be in the range of 85–100 dBA. In such cases, they will still meet the PRC standard21 of up to 40 m away from the sources during the day and 200 m at night. In addition, large amounts of borrow and waste materials will be transported to and from the construction sites, frequently during the 12–13-hour workday for the construction season of 300 days per year over 3 years. As a result, villages through which haul roads pass or that are adjacent will frequently experience noise at 70–80 dBA. Activities with intensive noise levels will not only have an impact on the residents, but may cause injury to construction workers operating the equipment. Therefore, these mitigation measures are essential for construction activities to meet PRC construction site noise limits and to protect sensitive receptors:

(i) Equipment generating low levels of noise will be utilized as a first priority, and all machinery will be properly maintained to minimize noise. Noise reduction devices or methods will be applied where piling equipment is operating within 500 m of sensitive sites such as schools. (ii) The sites for rock crushing, concrete-mixing plants, and similar activities will be located at least 1 km away from sensitive areas such as residences, schools, and hospitals. (iii) To reduce noise at night, the operation of machinery generating high levels of noise, such as piling, will be restricted to between 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. in accordance with PRC regulations. 22 The movement of heavy vehicles along urban and village roads will also be restricted to between 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. (iv) If schools are nearby, the construction unit will reach an agreement with the schools regarding heavy machinery work to avoid any unnecessary disturbances. If there are construction activities that must be continued during the day and night, the construction unit will reach an agreement with residents nearby and may give compensation to the most severely affected residents. (v) Construction sites near Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve will be monitored by contracted environmental supervisors. If noise standards are exceeded, equipment and construction conditions will be checked, and mitigation measures will be implemented to rectify the situation. (vi) A unit for dealing with complaints from nearby residents will be set up to facilitate communication with residents and to solve any conflicts between the construction unit and residents.

21 Ministry of Environmental Protection. 1990. Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12524-90). Beijing. 22 Some construction activities generating high levels of noise are forbidden during the night by Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB125232-1990). Standard for Environmental Noise in Urban Areas (GB3096-1993) suggests the night and day periods be defined according to local life patterns, in consultation with local environmental protection bureau. The EIA considers the period from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. as night.

49. Operation Period. During the operation period, noise will be generated by passing vehicles. Traffic noise forecasts for both sides of the expressway have been carried out based on traffic volumes predicted in the feasibility study. These results show that the expressway will impact nearby residents, as night noise levels will exceed PRC standards23 by more than 3 dBA at some receptor locations in the first year of operation (2013), at 47 receptor locations. The following noise attenuation measures specified in Design Specification for Highway Environmental Protection16 will be examined and implemented as needed:

(i) Noise barriers or noise insulation windows will be constructed where noise levels are predicted to exceed PRC standards by more than 3 dBA (Table A2.3 of Appendix 2). (ii) Low-noise pavement will be used when possible. (iii) Ambient noise monitoring will be mandated to determine whether mitigation measures will be required for sites where noise levels are predicated to exceed less than 3 dBA or where noise levels are expected to be exceeded by more than 3 dBA in the medium and long term. Monitoring will be conducted twice annually, for 2 days on each occasion. Mitigation measures will be implemented if infringement of PRC standards are observed. (iv) No new dwellings will be allowed to be located within a 200 m band on either side of the expressway. (v) Trees and shrubs will be planted as soon as possible after construction in any construction zone and within the 50 m-wide right-of-way.

5. Flora and Fauna

50. Due to human activities, there is little natural original vegetation, and most areas are cultivated land with crops such as wheat, rice, corn, cotton, beans, and oilseed rape. Constructing the expressway will occupy 748.2 ha permanently, among which only 6%, about 44.6 ha, is woodland. Therefore, the expressway will have very little impact on flora and fauna. Further, the expressway Implementing Agency (IA) (Anhui Provincial Communication Investment Group [APCIG]) will replant trees and shrubs on the road slope, as well as in middle of and along the expressway, which can compensate for the loss of trees.

51. Temporary land use—for example, borrow sites, spoil pits, and construction access roads—will be restored, where possible, to productive agricultural land or grass and woodland.

52. Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve. The expressway alignment has been selected to avoid crossing the nature reserve, at least 250 m from the edges of the nearest experimental zone and 2.7 km from the core zone. Therefore, no significant impact is expected during the operation period. Potential impacts of noise on and wastewater discharge into the nature reserve will be mitigated during the construction and operation period if the following measures are implemented.

(i) Whenever possible, construction activities in the segment near the nature reserve will not be scheduled in the winter during which protected birds migrate. (ii) No construction camps will be set up in the experimental zone.

23 Refer to the Standard for Environmental Noise in Urban Areas (GB3096-1993) and State Environmental Protection Administration. 2003. Regulation No. 4: Noise Standard for Schools and Hospitals for Road Construction Projects. Beijing.

(iii) No waste from construction activities and construction camps will be dumped into Lake Tuohu or associated water bodies. (iv) No wastewater from construction activities and construction camps will be allowed to discharge into Lake Tuohu and associated water bodies. (v) No transport or construction equipment, including construction ships, will be allowed into the experimental zone. (vi) Education programs for protecting the nature reserve and protected species will be given to workers hired for the segment near the nature reserve. Fines, according to PRC legislation for protecting wildlife,24 will be imposed for hunting, harvesting wild food, and cutting trees for fuel in the experimental zone. Wandering into the buffer and core zones will be forbidden without permission from nature reserve management. (vii) To mitigate the impact of traffic lights on wildlife, lights will be installed only if necessary, and lower-watt, flat lens fixtures will be used. Retroreflective elements on signs and pavement will be used to increase the visibility of the road to drivers when lower-watt light is used. (viii) “No honking” signs will be installed along the section of the expressway near the nature reserve. (ix) Low-noise pavement will be used whenever possible along the section near the nature reserve.

53. Prime Farmland. Prime farmland is defined as a type of farmland required to be preserved permanently or in a given period specified in a prime farmland protection plan. The Project will acquire 713.0 ha of prime farmland in 129 villages in 37 townships or streets in 9 counties or cities.25 This amounts to about 0.17% of prime farmland in the four major areas (Lingbi, Sixian, and Wuhe counties and Mingguang Municipality). Therefore, the impacts on prime farmland are considered to be minor. However, in accordance with PRC regulations,26 the acquisition of more than 33.3 ha of prime farmland requires the permission of the State Council. PRC regulations also require application of the “net loss of prime farmland principle”, which is that the project developer should either reclaim the same amount of prime farmland to replace that permanently occupied by the Project or pay a compensation fee for reclamation to the Anhui Provincial Land and Resource Bureau. In accordance with PRC regulations, the Anhui Provincial Communications Department and APCIG, in cooperation with provincial, municipal, and county bureaus of land and resources, will modify the current land-use plan and designate the land for reclamation or upgrade current nonprimary farmland into primary farmland to mitigate the impacts on prime farmland and to obtain the land acquisition permit from the State Council before commencing construction.

6. Transport of Hazardous and Toxic Materials

54. The traffic accident risk with dangerous cargo vehicles was analyzed for sensitive sections associated with major bridges over the Huai, Huaihongxin and Xinbian rivers. It was estimated based on (i) the existing traffic accident rates in the areas, (ii) the total traffic volume and percentage of dangerous freight transport vehicles, and (iii) total length of sections along the sensitive rivers. According to historical data provided by local traffic authorities, traffic accidents in this region occurred on an average of 0.3 times per million passenger car units per

24 State Council of PRC. 1989. Law on Wildlife Protection of PRC and Its Amendments (2004). Beijing. 25 Suining County (Jiangsu Province), Lingbi County, Sixian County, Wuhe County, Feidong County, Juchao District, Yongqiao District, Mingguang, and Tianchang. 26 National People’s Congress of PRC. 1996. Regulations on Prime Farmland Protection, No. 31. Beijing; and Ministry of Land and Resources. 2005. Notice on Further Protection of Prime Farmland, No. 196. Beijing.

17 year, and only 1% of total traffic volume involved hazardous and toxic material transport. Therefore, the annual accident rate associated with the transport of hazardous goods on the sensitive sections is estimated statistically to be 0.0210 per year in 2013 and 0.0560 per year in 2027, thus yielding an average spill rate of 0.0061 per year in 2013 and 0.0170 per year in 2027 if one assumes that spills would likely occur during 30% of hazardous material accidents. Stating these rates in the inverse, the probability of an accident related to hazardous materials associated with the sensitive rivers is 1 in 163 in 2013 and 1 in 59 in 2027. Even with a low probability of a spill, an emergency plan will be prepared by an experienced consultant contracted by APCIG. The plan will be reviewed by APEPB and traffic authorities and approved by the Anhui Provincial Communications Department. The emergency plan will define (i) who has authority to act, (ii) what actions are needed to deal with a spill, and (iii) who will implement these actions.

B. Physical Environmental Impacts of Local Roads

1. Pre-Construction and Construction Period

55. Longtang–Chaohu (S105), Jiangsu Border–Tianchang (S312), and Shantou– Minxian (X056) during Construction. The upgrading of these roads will mainly follow existing alignments by widening road surfaces and subgrades. Environmental impacts in these sections will not be significant. To minimize environment impacts and resettlement, parts will be realigned to avoid populated towns such as Cuizhen, Dongyang, and Zhonghan along S105, and Renheji along S312. X056 will be realigned to promote ecological development of Fangmiao in the section from Caochang to Dajilu. The realigned sections will involve significant new construction, and impacts from dust, noise, and odor will be major, since new construction will involve earthwork and removing vegetation, also increasing the risk of soil erosion and water pollution. Several old bridges need to be demolished and new ones built, and the installation of the cast-in-place and precast piers for supporting bridge decks may impact river water quality. The mitigation measures defined in Table A2.1 of Appendix 2 will be applied to minimize the impacts as in the case of the expressway construction.

56. Zhongjieling–Yuexi (S318), Yuexi–Mamiao (S209), Jiangsu Border–Mingguang (S309), Wuhe–Guzhen (S304), Mazusi–Yezhai (X044), and Dongzhi–Bainitang (G206) Sections. These sections will be rehabilitated following existing alignments. The main upgrading works will improve pavement and safety measures. No land acquisition and resettlement will be involved. Therefore, the rehabilitation or safety improvement work cannot impact farmland, property, or vegetation, or erode soil. The possible adverse environmental impacts are mainly (i) equipment noise, (ii) dust from breaking and removing old pavement, (iii) odor and pollutant emissions from asphalt paving, and (iv) wastewater discharge from worker camps. Further, no sensitive areas, such as protected and endangered species, nature reserves, and protected water resources, are found along these local roads. Therefore, the environmental impacts of these six local roads will be limited and can be minimized if mitigation measures defined in Table A2.1 of Appendix 2 are properly implemented during construction.

2. Operation Period

57. Environmental concerns related to the operation of these local roads involve air and noise pollution. Improvement of these local roads will not bring new environmental issues, since most parts of these roads have been in existence for years, and most adverse impacts associated with their operations have already occurred. In fact, the improvement of these local roads will reduce adverse impacts on the air, water, and acoustic environment since (i) new

18 pavement will improve vehicle efficiency, reducing vehicle emissions; (ii) runoff will be collected by newly built or improved drainage systems and then channeled to grassland before reaching water bodies; and (iii) noise impacts on towns and villages will be mitigated by realigning parts of S105 and S312 to avoid populated towns.

C. Environmental Impacts of Bus Terminals and Stops

58. The new construction of one and upgrading of two township bus terminals is unlikely to have significant impacts on the environment. Although these terminals are generally exempted from formal environmental examination and EIAs under PRC regulations, environmental screenings were conducted by Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute, and no environmental sensitive receptors have been identified within 200 m from these terminals.

D. Sociocultural and Economic Development

1. Social and Economic Development

59. The Project will temporarily divert some of the local male labor force from farming activities to higher paying construction jobs. Given the Project’s 3-year duration, even 1-year absences from farming will put great stress on female partners, since women will have to maintain households alone. The benefits of higher family incomes may be outweighed by this community disruption and strain on local infrastructure. Provision of work rotations so that farmers can take time off to maintain their crops while keeping their jobs will be discussed with contractors and implemented on a pilot basis on two contracts during the first construction year.

60. The most direct benefit of the Project will be improved transport conditions that could enable beneficiaries to shorten their travel time with improved safety. In addition, the Project will also play important roles in (i) facilitating local urbanization by constructing bypasses and installing safety facilities in towns traversed by local roads; (ii) facilitating industrialization in several local towns traversed by local roads and in industrial parks along the expressway; (iii) adding value to agricultural and animal products through better market access and setting up processing enterprises in industrial parks; (iv) adding value to agricultural production through cropping structure adjustment resulting from better access and safe transport to urban markets beyond the project area; (v) promoting tourism development along poverty roads in the Dabie Mountain Area; (vi) promoting nonfarm employment from industrial and tourism development and urbanization; (vii) ensuring quick delivery of relief materials to the Dabie Mountain Area where frequent natural disasters like floods, hail, and heavy snow occur; and (viii) improving access to local social services such as education, medical care, agricultural extension, and credit.

61. Table 6 shows the estimated number of beneficiaries, based on the population of townships along the expressway and local roads. The actual number of direct and indirect beneficiaries of the Project may be much higher than the number shown in Table 6 since its impact will be expected beyond the administration boundaries of townships through which the roads run.

Table 6: Estimated Beneficiaries of the Project

Township Beneficiaries Subcomponent County Covered Coverage (’000) Road Components

Northeast Network: The expressway, Wuhe–Guzhen Sixian, Lingbi, Wuhe, 55%, 54 out of 98 3,079 (S304), Shantou–Minxian (X056) and Mingguang, Guzhen, Xuyi–Dingyuan (S309) Rongqiao

Southwest Poverty Roads Cluster: Zhongjieling–Yuexi (S318), Yuexi– Huoshan, Yuexi, 23.1%, 21 out 91 591 Mamiao (S209), Mazusi–Yezhai Qianshan, Huanning, (X044), and Dongzhi–Bainitang (G206) Dongzhi

Industrial Corridors: Longtang–Chaohu (S105), Jiangsu Jucao, Feidong, 14.5%, 8 out of 55 342 Border–Tianchang (S312) Tianchang

Total Project Area 14 34%, 83 out of 244 4,012 Source: Project Preparatory Technical Assistance. 2009. Draft Final Report for Anhui Road Network Development Project. Anhui.

62. The expressway alignment may lead to separation of sections of farming units and problems associated with farmers maintaining adequate access to the separated parts. Seventeen overpasses, 29 pedestrian underpasses, 34 underpasses for motor vehicles, and 31 underpasses for agricultural vehicles will be constructed to assist in addressing these issues and to provide for the safe movement of personnel, animals, and equipment. Local governments will be consulted to determine the exact places and number of these overpasses and underpasses.

63. Construction of the local roads will increase the amount of through-traffic and frequency of contact with local communities. This situation will increase the risk of residents acquiring and transmitting sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. An education program for preventing HIV/AIDS will be launched by local governments during the construction and operation of these local roads.

2. Cultural Heritage

64. There is no record of cultural relic or archaeological sites along the expressway alignment and three upgraded local roads. As this area has long history of human activities, however, unknown archaeological sites may be encountered. To protect any possible undiscovered cultural or archaeological sites, the following mitigation measures will be implemented: (i) to determine the presence of potential cultural sites, preliminary surveys will be conducted by authorities before any construction-related activities are begun; (ii) an archaeologist will be appointed during the detailed design stage to develop protocol for archaeological protection prior to construction; (iii) should archaeological artifacts be discovered during site work, this protocol as well as government requirements for the excavation and preservation of these items will be strictly followed; and (iv) site clearing, excavations, and other earthwork will be closely monitored by local cultural bureaus, if necessary.

3. Resettlement

65. To avoid or minimize land acquisition and resettlement, close consultations with local officials, village committees, and affected persons were undertaken during the resettlement plan preparation stage. The Project will affect 129 villages of 37 townships or streets in 9 counties or cities. The Project will permanently acquire 952 ha of land, of which 877 ha (92%) is classified as cultivated lands. This will cause partial loss of farmland for an estimated 16,925 affected households with 63,440 affected persons. A total of 106,921 square meters of housing will also be demolished, causing relocation of 921 households with 3,614 persons. The details are summarized in Table 7.

Table 7: Summary of Resettlement Impacts

Affected Permanent Temporary Subproject Affected Townships/ Land Land Displaced Relocated Counties Villages Acquisition Acquisition Housing Households (ha) (ha) (m2) Expressway Suining, Lingbi, Sixian, Wuhe, 17/55 748 349 80,728 639 Mingguang

S105 Feidong, Juchao 5/26 95 31 12,607 140

S312 Tianchang 3/9 49 20 4,913 57

X056 Sixian, Lingbi Yongqiao 12/39 60 20 8,672 85

Total 37/129 952 420 106,921 921 ha = hectare, m2 = square meter. Source: Resettlement impacts survey on the basis of the Feasibility Study Reports.

66. For people affected, the resettlement objective is to achieve equal—or better—income and living standards in line with not only PRC laws and regulations, 27 but also ADB’s resettlement policies including its Involuntary Resettlement Policy (1995) and Operations Manual (Involuntary Resettlement). 28 All persons affected by the Project will be eligible for compensation and assistance. The cut-off date for eligibility for compensation and assistance is the date of each subcomponent’s approval by the local government, which will be announced immediately to all affected persons.

67. Based on consultations with the Anhui Provincial Communications Department, IA, local governments, and affected persons, and based on general practices in project counties and cities, the following resettlement principles will be adopted by the project implementing agencies:

(i) resettlement will be avoided or minimized, wherever feasible; (ii) compensation and titles gained by affected persons will at least enable them to maintain the same living standards as the without-project alternative; (iii) affected persons will derive some direct benefits from the Project;

27 Key PRC laws and regulations include the Land Administrative Law of the PRC (2004), Decision on Reinforcing Reform in Land Administration by the State Council (State Council [2004] No. 28), and Ministry of Land Resources Guidelines on Improving Land Acquisition and Relocation Regulations (MLR Document No. 238). Anhui Province also issued related documents. 28 ADB. Operation Manual OM Sections F2/BP and F2/OP: Involuntary Resettlement. Manila (25 September).

(iv) all affected persons, regardless of legal title, will be entitled to compensation and demolition assistance; (v) if remaining land after land acquisition fails to safeguard the livelihood of the affected persons, compensation in the form of cash or land replacement, plus other necessary profit-earning activities, will be provided to affected persons; (vi) affected persons will understand the qualifications for, means, and standards of compensation, livelihood and restoration plan, as well as project construction arrangements, and participate in the implementation of the resettlement plan; (vii) no land acquisition will occur before affected persons are satisfied with schemes for compensation and resettlement; (viii) compensation and resettlement operations will be monitored by the Executing Agency (EA) and an independent organization; (ix) vulnerable groups (including women) will receive special assistance and treatment to better their living circumstances; and (x) the resettlement budget will be adequate to cover all issues that are caused by project construction and operation.

E. Environmental Impacts of Jiangsu Sections

68. An additional 6-km section in Jiangsu Province is an integral part of the Xu–Ming Expressway, connecting it to the Xuzhou–Huai’an Expressway. Under existing interprovincial arrangements and an agreement signed by the two provinces, the Jiangsu Provincial Communications Department will finance and construct this link, and will conduct a feasibility study and full EIA according to PRC regulations.

69. During the PPTA, environmental screening of this section was undertaken by the Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute. No important natural areas, nature reserves, cultural relics, and any other sensitive areas were found within 300 m from the proposed alignment. However, considering the uncertainty of the alignment, an environmental screening and survey has been extended to a triangle area, assuming that the connection point to the Xuzhou–Huai’an Expressway would be a 2-km deviation from the proposed connection point. In the northeast part of this triangle area, a planned, but not yet approved, wetland protection area around an abandoned channel in Huanghe has been identified. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that in the future any change of the alignment avoid crossing this planned wetland protection area.

F. Possible Change in Alignment

70. In case of a possible change in alignment, the following measures will be taken. For a minor deviation, the environmental management consultant will propose mitigation measures and incorporate these into the detailed design. In case of a major deviation that may cause significant environmental impacts or affect additional people, the IA will conduct additional environmental assessments, including public consultations. The revised EIA will be submitted to APEPB for review and approval, following government procedures. Then, the Anhui Provincial Communications Department, in consultation with ADB, will determine whether the deviation is minor or major.

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

71. Costs. The environmental investment of the Project is CNY109 million. The environmental investment covers temporary and permanent environmental protection

22 measures, environmental monitoring, and environmental management costs included in civil works. The detailed cost estimates for implementing the mitigation measures and the environmental management plan (EMP) are in Appendix 1.

72. Benefits. Some benefits from the Project and the planned mitigation measures are as follows.

(i) Fuel savings for passenger vehicles and trucks resulting from the distance savings is estimated to be about 1,595 million liters over 20 years. (ii) The fuel savings will also result in about 3.799 million tons of carbon dioxide or 1.03 million tons measured in carbon over 20 years.29 (iii) Total benefits attributed to the Project also include the promotion of economic development and poverty reduction, as well as environmental benefits.

73. Using the data provided in the feasibility study and EIA, the project’s overall economic internal rate of return is calculated to be 16.5%. Therefore, the project benefits will outweigh the costs if all mitigation measures are implemented.

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Objectives

74. The objectives of an EMP are to propose appropriate mitigation measures and to recommend establishment of institutions or mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of proposed mitigation measures. Such institutions and mechanisms will also seek to ensure continuously improving environmental protection activities during pre-construction, construction, and operation phases to prevent, reduce, or eliminate adverse impacts.

B. Mitigation Measures

75. Mitigation measures are defined in the full EIAs and summarized in this document. The EMP and the estimated costs of EMP implementation are presented in Appendixes 1 and 2. The EMP will be reviewed and updated at the end of the detailed design for consistency with the final detailed design.

76. The main environmental risks include relative weak institutional capacity in environmental management and failure of the project management office under the Anhui Provincial Communications Department, IA, and contractors to monitor environmental impacts and to implement the EMP during construction and operation phases. These risks will be mitigated by (i) preparing a construction site best management practice manual for environmental protection based on the EMP, (ii) providing extensive training in environmental management under the Project (Table A2.5 of Appendix 2), (iii) appointing qualified project implementation consultants, (iv) following appropriate project implementation monitoring and mitigation arrangements, and (v) conducting ADB project reviews.

29 The carbon dioxide emission rate was assumed to be 2.33 kilograms per liter and 2.68 kilograms per liter based on tools for calculating carbon dioxide emissions from mobile sources developed by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (see http://www.ghgprotocol.org/calculation-tools/all-tools).

C. Implementing Organization and Responsibilities

77. Expressway. The Anhui Provincial Communications Department will be the EA for the Project and have overall responsibility for implementing the EMP and reporting to ADB. APCIG under the department will be the IA responsible for ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented. To ensure that contractors will comply with EMP provisions, the construction contract will include specific environmental clauses for implementing the EMP. The EA will employ an independent supervision unit and on-site construction supervision companies. The independent supervision unit responsible for environmental protection and workers’ health and safety will report to the IA and EA. On-site supervision companies under the independent supervision unit will be responsible for inspection, monitoring, and evaluating the implementation of mitigation measures.

78. Local Roads. Anhui Highway Administration Bureau (AHAB) as the IA of this component will be responsible for setting up the environmental management system for local roads to ensure EMP implementation, and local county or municipal highway bureaus will be assigned as project implementing units for the construction of each local road. AHAB and local county or municipal highway bureaus will report to the EA. AHAB will employ an independent supervision unit and on-site construction supervision companies. The independent supervision unit responsible for environmental protection and workers’ health and safety will report to AHAB. On-site supervision companies under the independent supervision unit will be responsible for inspection, monitoring, and evaluating the implementation of mitigation measures.

D. Inspection, Monitoring, and Reporting

79. The IA will recruit a supervision company for conducting environmental inspections to ensure that environmental mitigation measures are properly implemented. Inspections or audits will mainly cover construction activities, but these will also review the affected environment. The supervision activities and observation will be well documented and reported monthly to the IA.

80. Provincial and environmental authorities will be responsible for undertaking regular and random environmental monitoring activities before, during, and after construction, as well as in the event of emergencies.

81. The results of these environmental inspection and monitoring activities will be used for assessing the (i) extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts, (ii) performance or effectiveness of the environmental protection measures or compliance with pertinent rules and regulations, (iii) trends in impacts, (iv) overall effectiveness of the EMP, and (v) need for further mitigation measures.

82. The Anhui Provincial Communications Department will prepare and submit to APEPB and ADB semi-annual reports on environmental performance based on the monitoring and audits. No later than 6 months before completion of the construction work, the department will prepare and submit to ADB a construction mitigation completion report based on the information collected from all contractors, AHAB, and APCIG. The report will indicate the timing, extent, and effectiveness of completed mitigation measures and of maintenance, as well as detail needs for further mitigation measures and monitoring during operation. Moreover, within 3 months after project completion, or no later than 1 year with APEPB permission, environmental acceptance monitoring and audit reports will be (i) prepared by a qualified environmental institute in accordance with PRC regulations on Environmental Check-and-Acceptance of Project

Completion,30 (ii) reviewed for approval by APEPB, and (iii) finally reported to ADB if requested (Table A2.6 of Appendix 2).

E. Correction and Improvement of Mitigation Measures

83. Based on the inspection and monitoring reports, the Anhui Provincial Communications Department and APEPB will decide whether (i) further mitigation measures are required as corrective actions, or (ii) some improvements are required regarding environmental management practices. If it is found, during inspection, that there is substantial deviation from the EMP or changes are made to the Project that may cause substantial adverse environmental impacts or increase the number of affected peoples, then the Anhui Provincial Communications Department should consult with ADB and APEPB immediately and form an EIA team to conduct additional environmental assessments and, if necessary, further public consultations. The revised EIA reports should be submitted to APEPB for final approval.

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE

A. Two-Round Public Participation during Project Preparation

84. Two rounds of public consultations were conducted during the EIA process. The first round of consultations took place in February 2009, shortly after the start of the EIAs. This round was conducted by the local EIA institutes by web information disclosure, questionnaires, interviews, and public meetings. The second round was through public meetings in April 2009 with the participation of the PPTA consultant (see Table 8). The stakeholders who attended included representatives from various government departments, nearby residents and their representatives, and nongovernment organizations.

Table 8: Summary Public Consultation

Xu–Ming Six Rehabilitation Consultation Approach Expressway S105 S312 X056 Roads First Round Public Consultation Web Information Disclosure 2 2 2 1 1 Questionnaires distributed/questionnaires 120/114 100/94 50/32 80/70 120/111 responded Interviews (surveyed subjects) 200 200 100 Public meetings, times/participants 3/54 1/16 1/13

Xu–Ming Six Rehabilitation Consultation Approach Expressway S105 S312 X056 Roads Second Round Public Consultation Public meetings 1/36 1/12 1/11 1/25 Source: Shanghai Ship and Shipping Institute and APAES, 2009, the EIA reports for individual subcomponents, Hefei, Anhui.

B. Summary of Public Consultation Results

85. First-Round Public Consultation on the Expressway. The first public consultation focused on public attitudes toward route selection, land acquisition, resettlement, environmental measures, and regional development. The results of the survey are summarized as follows.

30 Ministry of Environmental Protection. 2001. Environmental Check-and-Acceptance of Project Completion. Beijing.

(i) Of those who responded to a questionnaire or interview, 96.5% indicated support for the expressway, while the remaining 3.5% were indifferent. 99.00% believed that the Project will promote economic development in the project area while the remaining 0.88% were indifferent. Respondents thought that the main adverse environmental impacts would be noise, dust, and vehicle emissions. Most of the respondents considered that the most effective measure to mitigate these impacts would be planting trees along the alignment or installing noise barriers or noise insulation windows. (ii) Of the respondents affected by land occupation, all affected persons agreed that their land could be taken or their houses removed, but 99.21% would like to receive cash compensation directly. Only 7.89% were keen to be relocated through provision of adequate farmland and houses.

86. The public consultation with local county governments indicated that alternative 1 (the western alignment) was strongly favored by the Wuhe county government to minimize traffic noise and traffic safety issues and to promote local economic development.

87. First-Round Public Consultation on Local Roads. Local stakeholders, including farmers, village leaders, and vendors along the roads, were consulted. The main objectives of the public consultation were to assess the general attitude toward upgrading these roads and the major environmental concerns of local affected people. Villagers and village leaders, who were generally positive about upgrading local roads, particularly believed that better local roads would provide improved public transport services and opportunities to access markets and social services. The main concerns about upgrading were land acquisition and resettlement, which are addressed in the resettlement plan.

88. Second-Round Public Consultation. The objective was to communicate the EIA findings from the draft EIA reports and the proposed mitigation measures, and assess public acceptance. The major opinions and concerns assessed from the second round were that (i) most participants supported the Project and expected social and economic development and improvements in the quality of life as a result of its implementation, (ii) land acquisition and resettlement was the area of most concern, and (iii) local government is worried about solid waste disposal and damage to drainage and irrigation systems during the construction.

89. Representatives from the IA explained that resettlement plans are under preparation in compliance with relevant state and provincial policies. The Anhui Provincial Communications Department and Anhui provincial government will monitor and ensure implementation of the resettlement plan. The IA further explained that environmental contract clauses for contractors regarding solid waste disposal and restoration of drainage and irrigation systems will be prepared, and implementation will be supervised by the IA.

90. After the explanations, the public expressed their satisfaction with the measures proposed in the EIAs and EMP.

C. Future Public Consultation during Implementation

91. The future public participation plan (Table A2.4 of Appendix 2) is part of the project implementation and management plan. The IA, under the supervision of the Anhui Provincial Communications Department, will be responsible for public participation during project implementation. The IA will also establish an environmental management unit for supervising EMP implementation, continuing public consultations, monitoring progress, and responding to

26 grievances. Its staff will be well trained to handle crisis situations or conflicts with residents due to distress from environmental impacts. Costs for public participation activities during project construction are included in the project funding. In addition, the established feedback mechanisms will ensure timely feedback and measures to address any concerns raised by the project affected communities.

IX. CONCLUSIONS

92. This Project will enhance the transport sector in Anhui Province, and hence facilitate poverty reduction efforts for local people in the project area. The Project will also have substantial environmental benefits in term of carbon dioxide reduction.

93. Major environmental impacts include (i) noise impacts during construction and operation phases, (ii) potential impacts on the Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve, and (iii) polluting the Wuhe drinking water source. The recommended alignment was selected to avoid the nature reserve. A plan for relocation of the Wuhe drinking water intake has been proposed and will be implemented prior to construction. To prevent noise, a tailored mitigation program for each sensitive receptor site has been proposed.

94. An EMP is proposed, which emphasizes (i) establishing an institutional structure or mechanism for ensuring compliance with environmental regulations, (ii) implementing mitigation measures, and (iii) continuously improving environmental performance. Through inspection and monitoring, any neglect of mitigation measures or unexpected and unforeseen impacts will be identified, and timely corrective actions will be taken. Continuous monitoring and inspection will also reduce the risk of unexpected and unforeseen impacts.

95. Any adverse environmental impacts associated with the Project will be prevented, eliminated, or minimized to an acceptable level if the EMP is effectively implemented, particularly the establishment of the mechanisms and institutions for the continuous improvement of environmental mitigation measures.

Appendix 1 27

ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS (CNY’000)

Xu–Ming Item Local Roads Sum Expressway EIA and EMP 3,000 3,000 Noise prevention 53,475 4,130 57,605 Water pollution prevention 11,500 12,180 23,680 Air pollution prevention 1,000 1,200 2,200 Ecological protection 2,435 12,500 14,935 Cultural relics 200 200 400 Environmental supervision 1,060 1,800 2,860 Environmental monitoring 1,100 500 1,600 Acceptance auditing 600 2,000 2,600 Total 71,370 37,510 108,880 EIA = environmental impact assessment, EMP = environmental management plan. Sources: Project preparatory technical assistance consultants, based on individual environmental impact assessment reports prepared by Shanghai Ship and Shipping Institute and Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences.

28 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Table A2.1: Environmental Management Action Plan 2 Appendix

Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision

1. Preconstruction Phase 1.1 Alignment The recommended alignment Feasibility study, Throughout the Before ACCDI APCD Selection and was selected from various EIAs, summary expressway and local construction Design alternatives to minimize EIA road upgrading starts adverse environmental impacts, particularly on the Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve.

Parts were realigned to avoid noise impacts on populated towns such as Cuizhen, Dongyang, and Zhonghan along S105, and Renheji along S312. 1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment and Feasibility Study 1.2.1 EIA and Public Ensure EMP has been EIAs, summary Throughout the Before EIA SSSI on behalf APEPB Consultation prepared. EIA expressway and all approval of APCIG for the local road corridors expressway and Ensure public consultation has S105 and been conducted on APAES for the environmental issues, poverty, rest of the local and resettlement during project roads design and EIA preparation. 1.2.2 Prime Land-use plan will be modified Legal Permanently acquired For former, IA with Ministry of Land Farmland Protection and approved before requirement prime farmland within before assistance from Resources, Anhui construction starts. the right-of-way of the construction local county Provincial Land expressway and three starts; for government or Resource Bureau Reclaim the same amount of upgrading local roads latter, during or land resource prime farmland to replace the (S105, S312, and before bureaus prime land permanently X056) construction occupied by the Project, or pay the compensation fee according to PRC regulations. 1.3 Design Stage 1.3.1 Updating EMP Update and incorporate EIAs, summary Along the expressway Prior to SSSI and APCD, APEPB mitigation measures defined in EIA alignment and all local construction APAES, IA

Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision EMP into the Project’s detailed roads (APCIG and design to minimize adverse AHAB) environmental impacts. 1.3.2 Environmental Prepare best practice manual EIAs, summary Along the alignments Prior to IA, SSSI, and APCD, APEPB Best Practice based on the EMP. EIA of the expressway construction APAES Manual and all local roads 1.3.3 Loss of Access To avoid loss of access to Contract Along the entire Design stage ACCDI, IA APCD farmers’ fields, neighbors, and specification expressway alignment local villages, include and new sections of pedestrian underpasses in the upgraded local roads design with exact locations based on discussions with local village committees. 1.4 Construction Preparation 1.4.1 Environmental To ensure environmental Contract terms Along the expressway Before tenders IA APCD Clauses and credibility among contractors, and conditions alignment, local for contractors Specifications for prepare environmental roads, and new or Contractor prequalification clauses and upgraded bus terminal Prequalification, specifications to be included in sites Technical the prequalification package to Specifications, contractors. Environmental Clauses for Prepare environment section in Contracts, and Loan the terms of reference for Covenants bidders.

Prepare environmental contract clauses for contractors, namely special conditions (e.g., reference EMP and monitoring table).

Prepare covenants for Loan Agreement as defined in the EMP. 1.4.2 Environmental Contractors to prepare an EIAs, summary All alignments and Before Contractors IA, APCD Operation and environmental operation and EIA, and terms new bus terminals construction 2 Appendix Supervision Manual supervision manual, as and conditions starts required by the contract, for for contractors approval by IA. 1.4.3 Complaint and Establish a complaint and Summary EIA All alignments and Before Contractors IA, APCD 29 Information Office information office before new bus terminals construction starting construction. starts

30 Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility

Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision 2 Appendix Ensure that office staff are well- trained to handle crisis situations or conflicts with residents due to distress from

environmental impacts. 1.4.4 Environmental Invite environmental specialists Contract terms All project Before IA APCD Protection Training and/or APEPB officials to and conditions, components construction provide training on EIAs, summary starts implementing environmental EIA, mitigation measures and Environmental supervision of relevant Operation and persons. Supervision Manual 1.4.5 Resumption of Establish a resettlement office, Resettlement Land and property as Before IA APCD, county and Land and Property comprising local government plan, EIAs, and defined in the commencing township officials to manage the project resettlement plan resettlement governments, Anhui resettlement process. requirements activities for provincial the first and government Conduct community second; before consultation programs, and construction ensure information is starts for third disseminated about entitlement based on the land administration law.

Ensure that all relocation and resettlement activities are reasonably completed before construction starts on any section of the project road. 1.4.6 Removal of Before ground-breaking, Legal Right-of-way of the Before any Contractors in IA, local forestry Trees and selected contractors must requirement expressway and ground- consultation with departments Landscaping prepare a vegetation replanting upgraded roads, breaking local forestry layout on a topographic map of temporary local road, departments site (e.g., detailed design base borrow and map) showing replanting area, (temporary) disposal type of replanting, and sites, bus terminal maintenance program to be sites undertaken.

Remove trees from the right-of- way before construction begins but only after consultation with

Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision local counties and securing permits. 1.4.7 Utility Relocate all utilities prior to Legal Refer to utility location Before Contractors, IA, APCD, and local Relocation commencement of construction requirement drawings construction local county government on any section of the project starts departments road subject to prior approval of the agencies concerned. 1.4.8 Environmental Each contractor will complete Contract Construction sites, Detailed Contractors with IA, LEPBs Screening of New environmental screening of any specifications especially access to design stage assistance from Construction Site new access road, and provide bridges, and viaducts ACCDI and Access Road a list of necessary mitigation environmental measures. specialists

Prepare a sketch map of all existing roads to be used as access routes to construction sites. 1.4.9 Environmental In case of slight deviation of Summary EIA, Along all road project When Environment APCD, APEPB, ADB Impact Analysis due alignment, propose and EIAs, law corridors alignment specialists to Deviation of incorporate mitigation deviation is contracted by IA Alignment measures into the detailed intended design drawings by the environmental engineer.

In case of substantial deviation of alignment that may cause substantial environmental impacts or involve additional affected people, the IA should form an EIA team to conduct additional environmental assessments and public consultations. Revised EIA reports should be submitted for review to APEPB for approval. To determine whether the deviation is slight or 2 Appendix substantial, IA through APCD should consult with ADB. 2. Construction Phase

2.1 Soil 31 2.1.1 Loss of Topsoil Strip and store topsoil from all SEPP, summary Within right-of-ways of During Contractors Environmental areas to be permanently EIAs, and the expressway and construction supervisors, IA,

32 Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility

Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision 2 Appendix covered in stockpiles not higher relevant legal three upgraded roads LWRBs than 2 m. Maintenance of the requirements stockpiles will be in accordance with the SEPP.

Return topsoil to rehabilitate disturbed areas and cut slopes. Distribute excess topsoil to the local community. 2.1.2 Compaction of Station or move construction SEPP, summary All road project During Contractors Environmental Soil vehicles and equipment only in EIAs, and corridors and all construction supervisors, IA, designated areas. While relevant legal temporarily used LWRBs operating on temporarily requirements areas acquired land for traffic detours, storage, material handling, or any other construction-related or incidental activities, topsoil from agricultural land will be preserved as per clause 2.1.1. 2.1.3 Borrow Areas Rehabilitate borrow pits as per SEPP, summary All borrow sites During Contractors Environmental 2.2.1. EIAs, and construction supervisors, IA, relevant legal LWRBs requirements 2.1.4 Temporary Build drainage systems. SEPP, summary All temporary land- During Contractors Environmental Land Use Areas EIAs, and use sites construction supervisors, IA, Rehabilitate these sites into relevant legal LWRBs grass, wood, and farmland requirements upon completion of activities.

Cover material storage sites to prevent dust emission and soil erosion. 2.1.5 Soil Erosion Incorporate mitigation SEPP, summary All project sites During Contractors Environmental Management measures into the preliminary EIAs, and construction supervisors, IA, and detailed design to ensure relevant legal LWRBs their implementation. requirements

Include in civil works contract documents specific requirements on soil erosion prevention.

Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision Preserve existing vegetation where no construction activity is planned, or temporarily preserve vegetation where activity is planned for a later date.

Avoid soil borrowing and dumping activities during heavy storms.

Maintain all drainage systems properly.

Implement a soil erosion monitoring and supervision plan. 2.2 Water Quality 2.2.1 Protection of Move the water intake from 1.6 GB3838-2002 Wuhe drinking water During APCIG, Wuhe APWRB, APEPB, Wuhe Drinking km down (west) of the protection zone construction Water Resource APCD, Anhui Water Source alignment to 0.3 km upstream Bureau, Wuhe provincial (east) of the alignment to avoid county government any potential impacts from the government construction and operation of the expressway. 2.2.2 Alteration of Properly dispose of Contract Expressway and three Before and Contractors, Environmental Drainage and construction materials in specifications upgraded road during ACCDI supervisors, IA, local Irrigation Systems sections along watercourses corridors construction agricultural bureaus and areas close to cross- and LWRBs, local drainage channels to not block county or municipal the flow and drainage of water. government Take all necessary measures to prevent construction activities from impeding cross- drainage.

Build temporary irrigation and 2 Appendix drainage systems before the permanent drainage system is blocked or removed as part of

construction. 33

34 Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility

Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision 2 Appendix In addition to the design requirements for peak flood levels, the contractor will take all measures necessary and

directed by the IA to prevent temporary or permanent flooding of the site or any adjacent area. 2.2.3 Contamination Install cofferdams to prevent silt Summary EIA Bridges crossing During Contractors Environmental by Bridge arising from pier construction and relevant rivers construction supervisors, IA, Construction from mixing with the water in legal LEPBs, LWRBs Activities the stream or storage. requirements

Collect bilge water from workboats, and take it to approved disposal facilities. 2.2.4 Contamination Properly build, design, and EIAs, summary All road project During Contractors in Environmental by Construction operate sewage systems for EIA, legal corridors and bus construction cooperation with supervisors, IA, Camps construction camps so as not to requirements terminal construction local LEPBs pollute ground or adjacent sites communities surface water bodies and/or watercourses. Provide and regularly empty garbage bins in the camps, and dispose of the garbage in a hygienic manner and in accordance with local norms.

The contractors must arrange for the proper disposal of excrement. 2.2.5 Vehicle and The on-site fueling area should Summary EIA All road project During Contractors Environmental Equipment be away from water bodies, and relevant corridors and bus construction supervisors, IA, Maintenance and and should be protected by a legal terminal construction LEPBs Cleaning berm or dike to prevent runoff requirements sites from leaving the fueling area. The on-site fueling facilities should only be used for equipment that must be fueled on-site, and all vehicles and equipment that regularly enter and leave the construction site should be fueled off-site.

Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision Properly identify the vehicle and/or equipment wash area with signs, and locate it away from drainage facilities and watercourses. It must be paved with concrete or asphalt and have a berm to contain runoff. It must be equipped with a septic tank to collect and dispose of wash water. All vehicles and equipment that regularly enter and leave the construction site must be cleaned off-site.

There are two categories of wastewater resulting from the use of watercraft for bridge construction, one is from cleaning and washing the vessels and the other is bilge water. The amount of bilge water is likely to be very small, but will contain a lot of pollutants such as lubricating oil and petroleum. This wastewater can be taken to and treated by appropriate treatment facilities. The wastewater from washing watercraft will contain silt and smaller quantities of oil. This wastewater should be settled before being discharged into rivers.

Prepare and apply a 2 Appendix construction material handling protocol (e.g., storage away from watercourses and

provision of retention areas to 35 contain accidental spills of such toxic, hazardous, and harmful

36 Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility

Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision 2 Appendix construction materials as caustic and acidic substances, oil and petroleum products, and asphalt materials).

2.3 Air Quality 2.3.1 Generation of Cover vehicles delivering EIAs, summary All road project During Contractors Environmental Dust granular and/or fine materials EIA, legal corridors and bus construction supervisors, IA, to the sites. requirements terminal construction LEPBs sites Materials storage sites must be 300 m from residential areas and covered with canvas or sprayed with water if possible.

Spray water on construction sites and feeder roads during the dry season as directed by environmental supervisors.

Conduct all earthwork in a manner to minimize dust.

Site concrete-batching plants and crushing plants at least 300 m from the nearest habitation, and fit them with dust extraction units in compliance with PRC and local standards.

Keep all roads and pavements used by vehicles of the contractors or any subcontractor or supplier clean and clear of all dust, mud, or extraneous materials dropped by their construction vehicles. Such cleaning must be completed on a regular basis. 2.3.2 Emissions from Regularly maintain and EIAs, summary All road project During Contractors LEPBs, APEPB Vehicles and correctly operate all vehicles EIA, legal corridors and bus construction Equipment and equipment to minimize requirements terminal construction exhaust emissions. sites

Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision 2.4 Noise 2.4.1 Noise from Plants and equipment used in EIAs, summary All road project During Contractors Environmental Vehicles, Plants, and construction, including the EIA, legal corridors and bus construction supervisors, LEPBs Equipment aggregate-crushing plants, will requirements terminal construction strictly conform to PRC and sites local noise standards by applying good housekeeping and maintenance practices at all times.

Noisy construction work such as crushing, concrete mixing and batching, and mechanical compaction, will be stopped between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.

Restrict loud construction activities near schools with sustained noise levels exceeding 80 dBA to hours

when classes are not in session.

Restrict the movement of heavy vehicles along urban and village roads. In the event that night transport is necessary, restrict vehicle speeds to less than 30 km per hour with no honking allowed. 2.4.2 Noise Design noise attenuation EIAs, summary All road project During Contractors Environmental Prevention structures for specific EIA, legal corridors and bus construction supervisors, IA, Measures operations. requirements terminal construction LEPBs sites 2.5 Impact on Flora and Fauna 2 Appendix 2.5.1 Loss of or Carry out all works in such a EIAs, summary All road project During Contractors Environmental Damage to Flora fashion that damage or EIA, SEPP, and corridors and bus construction supervisors, LEPBs, and Fauna disruption to flora and fauna is legal terminal construction local agricultural and

minimized. requirements sites forestry authorities 37

38 Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility

Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision 2 Appendix Instruct construction workers to protect natural resources, fauna, and flora; harvesting of wild food will not be permitted

unless authorized by APCIG and clearance from the forestry bureaus.

Implement a revegetation plan. 2.5.2 Protection of No construction camps will be Summary EIA Tuohu Lake Nature During Contractors Environmental Tuohu Lake Nature set up in the nature reserve. and legal Reserve construction supervisors, Tuohu Reserve requirements Lake Nature No transport or construction Reserve equipment will be allowed into management office, the experimental area. Wuhe and Anhui provincial Present an education program agricultural and for protecting the nature forestry authorities, reserve to workers hired for Wuhe county work in the segment near the environmental nature reserve. Impose fines, protection bureau, according to PRC legislation, APEPB for hunting, harvesting wild food, and cutting of trees for fuel. Forbid wandering into buffer and core zones without permits. 2.6 Impacts on Cultural Heritage Sites 2.6.1 Cultural To determine the presence of Summary EIA Expressway, three During IA, local cultural Anhui provincial Heritage potential cultural relic sites, and legal upgraded roads, and construction heritage bureaus heritage bureau, preliminary surveys will be requirements Shipai bus terminal APCD conducted by the cultural relic construction site authorities before any construction-related activities are begun.

Appoint an archaeologist during the detailed design stage to develop a protocol for archaeological protection before the start of construction.

Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision Should archaeological artifacts be discovered during site work, follow this protocol as well as government requirements for the excavation and preservation of these items.

Site clearing, excavations, and other earthwork will be closely monitored by local cultural bureaus, if necessary. 2.7 Health and Safety Aspects 2.7.1 Loss of Access At all times during construction, EIA, All project corridors During Contractors with APCD provide safe and convenient resettlement and nearby areas construction assistance from passages for vehicles, plan ACCDI and IA pedestrians, and livestock to and from side roads. 2.7.2 Health Implement a prevention and/or Social poverty Worker camps and During IA in cooperation APCD, and local Aspects, e.g., Illness education program related to analysis neighboring villages construction with local health health authorities of Workers, Spread HIV/AIDS and sexually authorities of HIV/AIDS and transmitted infections Sexually Transmitted concurrently with the project Infections implementation.

Have health clinics at construction sites. 2.8 Environmental Supervision 2.8.1 Environmental The IA will set up a unit for EIAs, summary All project sites During IA APCD, APEPB, Supervision and environmental and social EIA, SEPP, and construction LEPBs, LWRBs Monitoring safeguard for internal legal supervision of implementation requirements of the mitigation measures.

The IA will contract with a professional environmental supervision company to supervise the environmental 2 Appendix practices externally during the construction.

APCD, APEPB, LEPBs, and 39 LWRBs will inspect

40 Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility

Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision 2 Appendix implementation of mitigation measures.

Implement the environmental

monitoring program according to the monitoring program specified in the EIAs and summary EIA.

Send a monitoring and inspection report to APCD and APEPB to assess the needs for further mitigation measures. 3. Operation Phase 3.1 Project Contract a licensed Legal Expressway, local Within first 3 Licensed APEPB Environmental environmental consulting requirement roads months of institutes Acceptance Audit and/or monitoring institute to operation or no contracted by IA prepare an environmental later than 1 survey and monitoring report year with for project acceptance within permission first 3 months of operation or from APEPB no later than 1 year with permission from APEPB. 3.2 Atmospheric Establish vehicle inspection EIAs, summary Anhui Province Operation APEPB Anhui provincial Pollution from and testing stations. EIA, and legal period government, Vehicles requirements nongovernment Encourage the use of organizations compressed natural gas, and establish filling stations.

Expand inspection and maintenance programs.

Implement intensive training programs for capacity building focusing on emission testing, data analysis, and reporting.

Introduce an annual air quality monitoring program.

Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision Encourage media, nongovernment organization, and community involvement. 3.3 Noise Pollution Construct noise barriers or EIA, summary Affected houses Construction IA, LEPBs, APCD noise insulation windows where EIA, and legal and operation environmental noise levels are predicted to requirements period monitoring exceed the PRC standards by institutions more than 3 dBA. contracted by IA

Encourage the use of low-noise pavement when possible.

Ambient noise monitoring will be mandated to determine whether mitigation measures will be required for the sites where the noise level is predicated to exceed less than 3 dBA or where the noise level is expected to be exceed 3 dBA. Conduct monitoring twice annually, for 2 days on each occasion. Implement mitigation measures if infringements of the PRC standards are observed.

Restrict new dwellings of any kind from locating within a 100 m band on either side of the expressway.

Plant trees and shrubs as soon as possible after construction is completed in any construction zone and within the 50 m right- of-way. 2 Appendix

To mitigation traffic light impacts on wildlife, install lights

only if necessary, and use only 41 lower-watt flat lens fixtures. Use retroreflective elements on

42 Environmental Impact and/or Responsibility

Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame Implementation Supervision 2 Appendix signs and pavement to increase the visibility of the road to drivers.

Install “no honking” signs along nature reserve expressway section.

Use low-noise pavement whenever possible along nature reserve section. 3.4 Transport of Propose a spill contingency EIAs, summary Road component During IA in consultation Traffic authorities, Hazardous Goods plan, including acting agency, EIA operation with traffic APEPB emergency response, authorities monitoring, and reporting. 3.5 Monitoring and Implement environmental EIAs, summary Project corridor During Environmental APCD, APEPB Inspection monitoring program according EIA construction supervisors, IA, to the monitoring program and operation contracted specified in EIAs and summary monitoring EIA. institutes

Send monitoring and inspection report to APCD and APEPB to assess the needs of further mitigation measures ACCDI = Anhui Communication Consulting and Design Institute, APCD = Anhui Provincial Communications Department, APCIG = Anhui Provincial Communication Investment Group, APAES = Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, APEPB = Anhui Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, EIA = environmental impact assessment, EMP = environmental management plan, IA = implementing agency, km = kilometer, LEPB = local county or municipal environmental protection bureau, LWRB = local county or municipal water resource bureau, m = meter, PRC = People’s Republic of China, SEPP = soil erosion protection plan, SSSI = Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute. Sources: Project preparatory technical assistance consultants, based on individual environmental impact assessment reports prepared by Shanghai Ship and Shipping Institute and Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences.

Table A2.2: Mitigation Measures for Noise at Sensitive Receptors during Operation Period

Distance and Direction Cost to Right- Affected Applied 2013 2013 2019 2019 2027 2027 (CNY No. Receptor Location of-Way Houses Standard Day Night Day Night Day Night Mitigation Measures million) Noise barrier with a length 10 Class 4a — 8.9 -— 11.7 1.1 12.9 of 900 m and height of 4.5 m on right side of K0+950- K1+000- 10 m to the K1+850 will achieve N1 Liang–Zhuang K1+800 right 20 Class 2 — 6.4 2.4 9.2 3.6 10.5 reduction of 12 dBA. 2.83 Noise barriers with a length 20 Class 4a — 8.0 -— 9.8 0.2 12.1 of 500 m and height of 4 m on both sides of K3+850- K3+900- 10 m from K4+350 will achieve N2 Xiasong K4+300 both sides 20 Class 2 — 5.9 1.9 8.7 3.1 9.9 reduction of 10 dBA. 2.80 Noise barriers with a length 30 Class 4a — 6.5 — 9.3 — 10.6 of 750 m and height of 4 m on both sides of K7+700- K7+750- 10 m to the K8+450 will achieve N3 Jingqu K8+400 right 40 Class 2 — 2.8 — 5.6 — 6.8 reduction of 10 dBA. 4.20 Noise barrier with a length 40 Class 4a — 8.9 — 11.7 1.2 13.0 of 550 m and height of 4.5 m to the left side of K13+650-K14+200 and with a length of 950 m and height of 4.5 m to right side 10 m to the of K14+400-K15+350 will Zhuanshan, K13+700- left and achieve reduction of 12 N4 Liangji K15+300 right 30 Class 2 0.6 6.5 3.0 9.3 4.1 10.5 dBA. 4.72 5 Class 4a — 8.1 — 9.9 0.3 12.1 Sound insulation windows K22+800- 23 m to the for 30 houses will achieve N5 Houzhao K22+900 right 25 Class 2 0.2 6.0 2.5 8.8 3.6 10.0 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.30 Noise barriers with a length 10 Class 4a — 6.6 — 9.4 — 10.6 of 800 m and height of 4 m on both sides of K23+750- K23+800- 10 m to the K24+550 will achieve N6 Shatan K24+500 right 30 Class 2 — 3.4 0.2 6.1 1.2 7.3 reduction of 10 dBA. 4.48

Noise barriers with a length 2 Appendix 10 Class 4a — 8.1 — 10.9 0.3 12.1 of 550 m and height of 4.5 m on both sides of K25+550-K26+100 will K25+600- 10 m to the achieve reduction of N7 Wangshen K26+050 right 20 Class 2 0.6 6.5 3.0 9.3 4.0 10.5 12 dBA. 3.47 43

Distance and

5 Class 4a — 9.0 — 11.7 1.1 13.0 Sound insulation windows Fanliujia, K29+500- 10 m to the for 30 houses will achieve N10 Gaozhaizi K30+200 left 25 Class 2 — 6.5 2.5 9.3 3.7 10.5 reduction of 25 dBA 0.30

10 Class 4a — 8.1 — 9.9 0.3 12.1 Sound insulation windows Zhangbaoyu, K30+700- 10 m to the for 30 houses will achieve N11 Sanlujia K31+500 right 20 Class 2 — 6.0 2.0 8.8 3.2 10.0 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.30 Sound insulation windows K34+200- 35 m to the for 30 houses will achieve N12 Yangchang K34+300 right 30 Class 2 62.2 58.5 64.7 61.3 65.8 62.5 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.30

10 Class 4a — 8.1 — 10.9 0.3 12.1 Sound insulation windows K35+300- 10 m to the for 50 houses will achieve N13 Lipuzhuang K35+900 right 40 Class 2 0.1 6.1 2.4 8.8 3.5 10.0 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.50

15 Class 4a — 6.7 — 9.4 - 10.7 Sound insulation windows K37+900- 20 m to the for 40 houses will achieve N14 Qianxujia K39+100 left 25 Class 2 0.1 6.1 2.4 8.8 3.5 10.0 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.40 Noise barriers with a length 30 Class 4a — 8.1 — 10.9 0.3 12.1 of 800 m and height of 4.5 m on the right side of K40+150-K40+950, with a length of 400 m to the right side of K41+300-K41+700 and a length of 500 m and height of 4.5 m to the right Gaoji, side of K42+050- Xiaoshizhuang, K40+200- 10 m to the K42+550,will achieve N15 Xiaowuzhuang K42+500 right 70 Class 2 — 6.0 1.9 8.8 3.1 10.0 reduction of 12 dBA. 5.35 Guohuang- zhuang, Sound insulation windows Xiaoxuzhuang, K43+100- 70 m to the for 30 houses will achieve N16 Xiaolujia K44+100 right 30 Class 2 0.5 6.2 2.8 9.0 3.8 10.2 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.30

Distance and Direction Cost to Right- Affected Applied 2013 2013 2019 2019 2027 2027 (CNY No. Receptor Location of-Way Houses Standard Day Night Day Night Day Night Mitigation Measures million)

5 Class 4a — 9.0 0.0 11.8 1.2 13.0 Sound insulation windows K45+000- 10 m to the for 15 houses will achieve N17 Shitangyuzi K45+200 right 10 Class 2 0.7 6.6 3.0 9.3 4.1 10.5 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15 Sound insulation windows K49+800- 50 m to the for 20 houses will achieve N19 Xiaolizhuang K50+000 left 20 Class 2 — 3.9 — 6.6 1.0 7.8 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.20

10 Class 4a — 9.3 0.3 12.2 1.5 13.4 Sound insulation windows Xiaoyouhzuang, K55+100- 10 m to the for 50 houses will achieve N21 Laoyouzhuang K56+300 right 40 Class 2 0.1 6.9 2.9 9.7 4.1 10.9 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.50 Noise barriers with a length 50 Class 4a — 4.6 — 6.6 — 7.5 of 800 m and height of 3.5 m Liuyuzi, on both sides of K57+350- Chenzhuang, K57+400- 10 m to the K58+150 will achieve N22 Gaoyu K58+100 right 30 Class 2 — 7.0 0.5 8.0 1.1 8.6 reduction of 8 dBA. 3.92

Goushizhang- 5 Class 4a — 8.8 - 11.3 0.6 12.5 Sound insulation windows zhuang, K65+000- 10 m to the for 15 houses will achieve N23 Xaiosonglin K66+500 right 10 Class 2 — 6.7 2.4 9.2 3.5 10.4 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15 Sound insulation windows K67+700- 40 m to the for 15 houses will achieve N24 Xiaolizhuang K68+100 left 15 Class 2 2.9 9.7 5.6 12.4 6.8 13.6 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15 Sound insulation windows K68+700- 100 m to for 15 houses will achieve N25 Guanludai K68+900 the right 15 Class 4a — 1.0 — 3.5 — 4.6 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15

5 Class 4a — 6.4 — 9.1 — 10.3 Sound insulation windows K71+800- 20 m to the for 15 houses will achieve N26 Xiaomengjia K72+300 right 10 Class 2 — 5.7 1.9 8.4 3.0 9.6 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15

15 Class 4a — 3.8 — 6.6 — 7.8 Sound insulation windows K72+400- 10 m to the for 30 houses will achieve

N27 Xiaozhuzhuang K73+000 right 15 Class 2 — 2.8 — 5.5 0.2 6.6 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.30 2 Appendix K73+900- 25 m to the N28 Qianzhaizi K74+200 left 5 Class 4a — 6.4 — 9.1 — 10.3 Sound insulation windows 0.20 for 20 houses will achieve

15 Class 2 — 6.2 2.4 9.0 3.5 10.2 reduction of 25 dBA. 45

Distance and

Direction Cost 2 Appendix to Right- Affected Applied 2013 2013 2019 2019 2027 2027 (CNY No. Receptor Location of-Way Houses Standard Day Night Day Night Day Night Mitigation Measures million)

5 Class 4a — 8.8 — 11.6 0.9 12.8 Sound insulation windows Xiaolizhuang, K78+200- 10 m to the for 30 houses will achieve N29 Dalizhuang K79+000 left 25 Class 2 0.2 6.7 2.8 9.5 3.9 10.6 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.30

10 Class 4a — 8.8 — 11.6 0.9 12.8 Sound insulation windows K81+000- 10 m to the for 50 houses will achieve N30 Dongtanghu K81+700 right 40 Class 2 — 6.7 2.6 9.4 3.8 10.6 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.50

3 Class 4a — 8.7 — 11.4 0.8 12.6 Sound insulation windows Qigandeng, K83+400- 10 m to the for 30 houses will achieve N31 Xichenhu K84+200 right 27 Class 2 — 6.2 2.1 9.0 3.3 10.1 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.30 Noise barriers with a length 10 Class 4a — 8.8 — 11.6 0.9 12.8 of 500.0 m and height of 4.5 m on both sides of K87+650-K88+150, will K87+700- 10 m to the achieve reduction of 12 N32 Xiliuhu K88+100 right 30 Class 2 — 6.7 2.6 9.4 3.8 dBA. 3.15 Sound insulation windows K88+900- 70 m to the for 10 houses will achieve N33 Xiaodong-zhuang K89+100 right 10 Class 2 1.0 7.9 3.8 10.6 5.0 11.8 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.10

15 Class 4a — 8.8 -— 11.6 0.9 12.8 Noise barrier with a length of 600 m and height of 4.5 m on both sides of Dahuang- K90+550-K91+050 will zhuang, K90+600- 10 m to the achieve reduction of 12 N34 Cuizhuang K91+000 right 15 Class 2 — 6.7 2.6 9.4 3.8 10.6 dBA. 3.78

5 Class 4a — 8.1 — 10.8 0.2 12.0 Sound insulation windows Yaohai, Guoxiao- K92+800- 20 m to the for 20 houses will achieve N35 zhuang K93+500 right 15 Class 2 0.9 7.3 3.4 10.0 4.5 11.2 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.20

3 Class 4a — 7.1 — 9.7 — 10.8 Sound insulation windows 0.10 Xiaowang- K105+300- 10 m to the for 10 houses will achieve N40 zhuang K105+500 left 7 Class 2 — 3.7 — 6.1 0.8 7.2 reduction of 25 dBA. 10 m to the Monitoring program will be right 20 Class 4a — 0.9 — 3.4 — 4.6 implemented and mitigation measures will be taken if infringements of K112+100- more than 3 dBA are N41 Ciyuzi, Dengtaizi K112+400 40 Class 2 — 2.2 — 4.6 — 5.7 observed. Sound insulation windows

K114+900- 136 m to for 15 houses will achieve 2 Appendix N42 Houchen K115+000 the left 15 Class 2 — 5.3 1.5 7.8 2.5 9.0 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15 Sound insulation windows K124+700- 75 m to the for 15 houses will achieve N45 Xiaojiang-zhuang K124+850 left 15 Class 4a 2.1 8.6 4.2 10.9 5.3 11.9 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15 Sound insulation windows 47 K125+300- 75 m to the for 15 houses will achieve N46 Yuying K125+400 Left 15 Class 2 1.5 8.0 3.8 10.5 5.0 11.7 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15

Distance and

Direction Cost 2 Appendix to Right- Affected Applied 2013 2013 2019 2019 2027 2027 (CNY No. Receptor Location of-Way Houses Standard Day Night Day Night Day Night Mitigation Measures million) Sound insulation windows K127+900- 40 m to the for 15 houses will achieve N47 Tangying K128+200 left 15 Class 2 4.1 10.7 6.5 13.3 7.7 14.4 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15 Sound insulation windows K129+700- 40 m to the for 15 houses will achieve N49 Tianying K130+400 left 15 Class 2 4.1 10.7 6.5 13.3 7.7 14.4 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.15 Sound insulation windows Sanzhuang- K133+700- 35 m to the for 20 houses will achieve N50 zhuang, Bachen K134+400 left 20 Class 2 4.4 11.2 6.9 13.8 8.1 4.4 reduction of 25 dBA. 0.20 Noise barrier with a length of 900 m and height at 4.5 m to the right side of Liangzhuang K0+950-K1+850 will Elementary K1+300- 75 m to the achieve reduction of 12 School K1+500 right — Class 2 — 3.3 — 6.0 0.3 7.2 dBA. － Noise barrier with a length of 250 m and height of 4 m to the right side of Gaozhai K29+900-K30+150 will Elementary K29+950- 53 m to the achieve reduction of 10 School K30+100 right — Class 2 — 4.7 0.6 7.4 1.8 8.6 dBA. 0.70 Noise barrier with a length of 150.0 m and height of 4.5 m to the right side of Xinshi K54+200-K54+350 will Elementary K54+250- 5 m to the achieve reduction of 12 School K54+300 left — Class 2 2.2 9.0 5.0 11.8 6.2 13.0 dBA. 0.48 dBA = A-weighted decibels measured in audible noise bands, m = meter. Note: According to a PRC regulations, the noise limit of 70 dBA for day and 55 dBA for night, is applied to class 4a area (the area is defined as 35 m within the right-of-way) and the limit of 60 dBA for day and 50 dBA for night is applied to class 2 area (the area is beyond 35 m from the right-of-way). For all schools and hospitals within 35 meters, the limit of 60 dBA during the day and 50 dBA at night should be applied. Source: Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Xu-Ming Expressway. Shanghai.

Table A2.3: Environmental Sampling Program

Phase and Environmental Implementing Reporting Aspect Location Parameters Frequency Institute Agency Construction Phase Water 100 meters downstream of bridge- Chemical oxygen Quarterly throughout the EMCs contracted by IA, LEPBs supporting piers in rivers demand, grease, pH, construction the IA suspended solids Noise Residents within 35 meters from right-of- Energy-equivalent Randomly, but at least four Environmental IA, LEPBs way sound pressure level in times yearly, 1 day each time supervisor or EMCs dBA contracted by the IA Air Near mixing plants and/or unpaved roads Total suspended solids Twice yearly EMCs contracted by IA, LEPBs the IA Operation Phase Water Wastewater treatment facilities at service Chemical oxygen Twice yearly EMCs contracted by IA, LEPBs centers, toll stations, and maintenance demand, grease, pH, the IA yards suspended solids Noise Noise-sensitive sites listed in EIAs Traffic noise measured Twice yearly during first year of EMCs contracted by IA, LEPBs by dBA operation, and once yearly the IA after dBA = A-weighted decibel measured in audible noise bands, EMC = environmental monitoring center, IA = implementing agency, LEPB = local environmental protection bureau. Sources: Project preparatory technical assistance consultants based on Individual environmental impact assessment reports prepared by Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute and Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences.

Appendix 2 Appendix 49

50 Appendix 2

Table A2.4: Future Public Consultation Plan

Organizer Approach Times Subjects Participants Construction IA, PMO Public At least yearly Adjusting mitigation Residents within consultation and measures if construction area site visits necessary, construction impacts, comments and suggestions Expert workshop At least once Comments and Engineer, or press suggestions on environmental and conference mitigation measures, social expert, possibly public opinion including media Public workshop At least once Adjusting mitigation Representatives of measures if residents and social necessary, sectors construction impacts, comments and suggestions Survey on As required by Comments and People affected by resettlement relevant suggestions resettlement and resettlement plan relocation Test Operation IA and contracted Questionnaires, At least once Comments and Representatives of environmental site visits suggestions on residents and social consulting operational impacts, sectors companies public opinion Operation IA, PMO Public At least once Effects of mitigation Residents adjacent to consultation and measures, impacts of project sites site visits operation, comments and suggestions Public workshop As needed based Effects of mitigation Representatives of on public measures, impacts of residents and social consultations operation, comments sectors and suggestions Expert workshop As needed based Comments and Engineer, or press on public suggestions on environmental and conference consultations and operational impacts, social expert, possibly workshops public opinion including media Public satisfaction At least once Comments and Project beneficiaries survey suggestions IA = implementing agency, PMO = project management office. Sources: Project preparatory technical assistance consultants based on individual environmental impact assessment reports prepared by Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute and Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences.

Appendix 2 51

Table A2.5: Institutional Strengthening and Training

Strengthening Activities Agencies Strengthening Plans Timing Capacity building IA, PMO Institutional organization, Prior to construction development of responsibilities for each position Monitoring Contractors, Procurement of related Prior to and during construction IA, PMO monitoring instruments and equipment No. of Persons Period Each Cost Total Cost Training Attendees Contents Times (days) Time (CNY/person/day) (CNY1,000) Environmental Contractors, Environmental laws, 1 2 40 300 24 laws, IA, PMO regulations, policies, regulations, and basic management policies practices, emergency response Environmental Contractors, Responsibility and duties 1 5 40 300 60 monitoring plan IA, PMO for project construction, implementation management, and environmental protection; tasking environmental protection in project construction; key environmental protection contents in project construction; various environmental reporting; and environmental management plan improvement and corrective actions Troubleshooting Contractors, Establishing 1 2 20 300 12 IA troubleshooting unit, crisis handling methods Environmental Contractors, Engineering 1 2 20 300 12 technologies and IA, PMO technologies, pollution equipment control equipment selection and procurement Environmental Contractors, Operation and 1 2 40 300 24 facility operation IA maintenance of and environmental maintenance installation, safety regulations, equipment management, and emergency response procedures Environmental Contractors, Monitoring and 1 4 40 300 60 monitoring and environment inspection methods; data inspection monitoring collection, processing, center, IA and interpretation; reporting systems Total 192 IA = implementing agency; PMO = project management office . Sources: Project preparatory technical assistance consultants based on the individual environmental impact assessment reports prepared by Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute and Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences.

52 Appendix 2

Table A2.6: Reporting Plan

Frequency of Report From To Reporting Construction Internal Weekly internal Environmental Chief of contractors Weekly supervision, supervision reports by responsible person contracted by contractors pointed by IA contractors Monthly supervision Environmental IA Monthly reports by supervisor on environmental behalf of IA supervisors to be contracted by IA Quarterly environmental Environmental Project management Four times yearly inspection reports supervisor on office, APCD based on monthly behalf of IA reports External Spot-check monitoring Local county or Local county or Randomly monitoring and and inspection reports municipal municipal environmental inspection environmental protection bureau, IA monitoring center Quarterly external Local county or Local county or Quarterly environmental municipal municipal environmental monitoring and environmental protection bureau, IA, inspection reports monitoring center project management office, APCD Reports to Semi-annual progress Project ADB, APEPB Twice a year ADB reports based on management office internal and external and APCD reports Test Operation Project Environmental A certified APAES, ADB Within 3 months acceptance acceptance reports after monitoring institute after project project completion contracted by IA completion, or no later than 1 year with permission Operation Internal Routine environmental IA Local county or Quarterly during monitoring monitoring reports municipal environmental first 2 years protection bureau, project management office, APCD External Environmental Local county or Local county or Twice yearly during monitoring and compliance reports municipal municipal environmental the first 2 years inspection environmental protection bureau, monitoring center project management office, APCD Reports to Semiannual reports Project ADB, APEPB Twice yearly during ADB based on internal and management office the first 2 years external monitoring and APCD inspection reports during operation ADB = Asian Development Bank, APAEP =Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, APCD = Anhui Provincial Communications Department, APEPB = Anhui Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, IA = implementing agency. Sources: Project preparatory technical assistance consultants based on individual environmental impact assessment reports prepared by Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute1 and Anhui Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences.