DOCSLIB.ORG

Hazards from Exposure to Benzidine Congener Dyes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hazards from Exposure to Benzidine Congener Dyes Preve Hazards from Exposure to Benzidine Congener Dyes U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public He~lth Service Centers for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PREVENTING HEALTH HAZARDS FROM EXPOSURE TO BENZIDINE CONGENER DYES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health January 1983 DISCLAIMER Mention of company names or products does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 83-105 PREFACE Exposures to benzidine congener dyes in the workplace may increase the risk of cancer in the exposed workers. In particular, dyes based on the chemical benzidine may be carcinogenic; dyes based on o-tolidine or o-dianisidine may also pose a carcinogenic risk to workers. Cancer could be caused by the dye itself, by leftover parent chemicals and impurities in the dye after its manufacture, or by chemicals resulting from breakdown of the dye in the body. The risk of cancer extends beyond the manufacture of benzidine congener dye where there is potential exposure to benzidine (a known carcinogen), o-tolidine, or o-dianisidine (suspected carcinogens). Workers who use the dye or the dyed product may also be at risk and should be well protected. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed this publication to alert supervisors, workers, safety committees, and safety directors to these hazards as well as to suggest the necessary protective measures. To "aid in determining whether or not benzidine congener dyes are being used in a particular setting, Appendix A lists many of their tradenames and synonyms, grouped by their parent chemical. • Dona'N'l'...·f+Jr< istant rector, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health iii CONTENTS PREFACE iii BACKGROUND 1 QUESTIONS OFTEN ASKED ABOUT BENZIDINE CONGENER DYES 2 Sources of Exposure/Who Is Exposed i Reduction of Exposure 4 Personal Protective Equipment 6 Health Effects/Medical and Environmental Evaluation 9 APPENDIX A- BCD Tradenames and Generic Names, By Pa~ent Chemical 11 Benzidine-Based Dyes 12 o-Tolidine-Based Dyes 30 o-Dianisidine-Based Dyes 35 APPENDIX B- Sources of Additional Information 43 v BACKGROUND 2. Leftover' parent chemicals 1n commercial preparations of these dyes are either known In this publication. the term (benzidine) or suspected benzidine congener dyes (BCDs) (o-to1idine. o-dianisidine) refers to commercial preparations carcinogens. of those dyes produced from either benzidine. ortho-to1idine. or ortho­ 3. Benzidine congener dye pro­ dianisidine. The term "congener" ducts are not pure. and may (Latin for "same family") refers to contain actual or potential their similarities in. chemical carcinogens other than the structure. dyes and their parent com­ pounds. Impurities may have Like many other technical grade dye been present at the time of formulations. each commercial benz­ manufacture. or could have idine congener dye may contain been formed as a resul t of several chemicals. At least four dye breakdown during storage. of these chemicals--leftover parent especially if the dye had compound (the so-called "chemical been exposed to heat. intermediate"). certain impurities. breakdown products. and the dye 4. Those BeDs tested were con­ itse1f--may pose serious health verted to the parent chemical hazards to workers. in the bodies of several species of test animals. Approximately 82 benzidine congener Available evidence supports dyes are now or have been widely biotransformation in humans used in the u.s. They are marketed of benzidine-based dyes to under several hundred tradenames the parent compound, (many are listed in Appendix A of benzidine. Although less this publication). Although each conclusive at this time, of these 82 dyes has not been there is also evidence that specifically tested for health humans metabolize o-to1idine­ effects, they have several based dyes to their parent important similarities. These chemicals. similarities have led scientists at the National Institute for Occupa­ 5. Members of this family of tional Safety and Health (NIOSH) to dyes. the benzidine con­ conclude. after extensive review of geners. have closely related the data. that exposure to any of chemical structures. them in the workplace may .increase the risk of cancer to exposed Earlier. when only the parent cour workers. pound or other chemical precursors were thought to be hazardous. The conclusions reached by these attention was focused on dye manu­ scientists were based on the fo1- facturing workers. Howeve~s lowing find ings: a result of tests performed by the National Cancer Institute. it is 1. Those dyes tested showed now believed that the dyes theur cancer-causing potential. selves are potential carcinogens. 1 Of the entire range of chemicals In summary, several benzidine tested to date in the National congener dyestuff constituent~-­ Cancer Institute's bioassay program, the dye itself, leftover parent three benzidine-based dyes demon­ compound, breakdown products, and strated the shortest "time-to­ certain impurities--may ,present tumor" interval. These results serious health hazards. suggested that the benzidine-based dyes themselves might be very potent For the reasons discussed above, carcinogens. Because the dyes NIOSH recommends that worker themselves--not simply leftover· exposure to benzidine-bas~d dyes be intermediates, breakdown products, reduced to the lowest level or contaminants--may be carcino­ feasibh, preferably by substitut­ genic, it is not enough to protect ing safer dyes for benz idine-based against exposure to the dyes only dyes. during dye manufacture. Workers who apply the dye and workers who The available data on dyes based on process the dye are also exposed to o-tolidine and o-dianisidine, while a health hazard and must also be less extensive and definitive well protected. than those for benz idine-based dyes, suggest that these dyes, and Dye house workers are probably the certain dye contaminants (including most significantly exposed workers. breakdown products occurring during Much less is known about the storage or heating), may also potential dye exposure of workers present a cancer risk to workers. processing BCD-dyed fabrics, Exposure to these two additional leather, and paper after these classes of dyes should therefore be materials leave the dyeing plant. minimized. NIOSH recommends, as a Generation of particulates from the prudent public health measure, that BCD-dyed materials might occur, for substitution of less toxic dyes be example, in cutting, sewing, knit­ used as a control measure wherever ting, weaving, and finishing possible. operations. Although dye exposure in these . processing operations is not well QUESTIONS OFTEN ASKED ABOUT characterized, we do know that dyed BENZIDINE CONGENER DYES particulates are generated when fabrics are prepared from dyed fibers, and that dyed particulates SOURCES OF EXPOSURE/ are released during cutting and WHO IS EXPOSED sewing operations. Q: What are the most common Because the possibility of dye industrial sources of exposure to exposure during processing activi­ benzidine congener dyes (BeDs)? ties exists, but exposure data are at present not available, a deter­ A: Exposure to BeDs is especially mination of whether such workers likely during various manufactur­ face any health hazard from working ing operations: with BCD-dyed materials must await further investigation. Synthesis 2 Processing (especially spray facturing and dyeing settings where drying, presscake drying, particulates may be generated. milling, pulverizing, and blending) This work involves dyed textiles, Packaging leather, or paper in the following Transportation processing operations: Maintenance and cleanup. Finishing Exposure can also occur during Cutting kinds of dyeing procedures: Sewing Knitting or weaving with dyed Textile dyeing fibers. Pulp and paper dyeing Leather and fur dyeing. It is not known whether workers who are exposed to the dusts of Examples of these exposure situa­ BCD-dyed textiles or leather, such tions include dye weighing and as in cutting or sewing opera­ m1x1ngi transfer to dyeing vats or tions, face risks similar to BCD paper beaters; leather . spraying; workers in manufacturing and maintenance aDd cleanup work; applications industries. The handling of dyed fabric, paper, measurements needed to determine fur, or leather; stripping of the nature and level of exposure to imperfectly dyed materials; and such dyed dusts have not yet been waste treatment and disposal made. operations. Other applications in which BCD Q: Are only production workers exposure may take place include the exposed? manufacture of: A: No. Production workers are Water-based inks often the most routinely exposed Wood stains workers; but maintenance and Plastics cleanup crews can also be signif­ Pigments icantly exposed. Such workers Hair dyes risk exposure when local exhaust Typewriter ribbons ductwork requires cleaning, spills Printed textiles must be cleaned up, or process Soaps equipment must be disassembled. Consumer dyeing products These individuals are of particu­ Wood flours used as lar concern because some of the resin fillers most effective exposure controls Biological stains and avaIlable to production staff, such indicators. as process enclosure and local exhaust ventilation, are often the The use of BCDs may have been least likely to be available to discontinued in some
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lysochrome Dyes Sudan Dyes, Oil Red Fat Soluble Dyes Used for Biochemical Staining of Triglycerides, Fatty Acids, and Lipoproteins Product Description
    FT-N13862 Lysochrome dyes Sudan dyes, Oil red Fat soluble dyes used for biochemical staining of triglycerides, fatty acids, and lipoproteins Product Description Name : Sudan IV Other names: Sudan R, C.I. Solvent Red 24, C.I. 26105, Lipid Crimson, Oil Red, Oil Red BB, Fat Red B, Oil Red IV, Scarlet Red, Scarlet Red N.F, Scarlet Red Scharlach, Scarlet R Catalog Number : N13862, 100g Structure : CAS: [85-83-6] Molecular Weight : MW: 380.45 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs =513-529nm(red);Sol(EtOH):0.09% S:22/23/24/25 Name : Sudan III Other names: Rouge Sudan ; rouge Ceresin ; CI 26100; CI Solvent Red 23 Catalog Number : 08002A, 25g Structure : CAS:[85-86-9] Molecular Weight : MW: 352.40 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs =503-510nm(red);Sol(EtOH):0.15% S:24/25 Name : Sudan Black B Other names: Sudan Black; Fat Black HB; Solvent Black 3; C.I. 26150 Catalog Number : 279042, 50g AR7910, 100tests stain for lipids granules Structure : CAS: [4197-25-5] S:22/23/24/25 Molecular Weight : MW: 456.54 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs=596-605nm(blue-black) Name : Oil Red O Other names: Solvent Red 27, Sudan Red 5B, C.I. 26125 Catalog Number : N13002, 100g Structure : CAS: [1320-06-5 ] Molecular Weight : MW: 408.51 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs =518(359)nm(red);Sol(EtOH): moderate; Sol(water): Insoluble S:22/23/24/25 Storage: Room temperature (Z) P.1 FT-N13862 Technical information & Directions for use A lysochrome is a fat soluble dye that have high affinity to fats, therefore are used for biochemical staining of triglycerides, fatty acids, and lipoproteins.
    [Show full text]
  • Digitally Reinforced Polarization of Hematoxylin-Eosin in the Diagnosis
    Özgün Araştırma/Original Article doi: 10.5146/tjpath.2012.01126 Digitally Reinforced Polarization of Hematoxylin-Eosin in the Diagnosis of Renal Amyloidosis Renal Amiloidoz Tanısında Dijital Güçlendirilmiş Hematoksilen Eozin Polarizasyonu Sait ŞEN, Banu SARSIK KumbaraCI Department of Medical Pathology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, İZMİR, TURKEY The summary of this study was presented at 24th Congress of Pathology held in Prague on 8-12 September 2012 ABSTRACT ÖZ Objective: Systemic amyloidosis is a rare disorder, characterized by Amaç: Sistemik amiloidozlar, hematoksilen-eozin boyamada amorf extracellular accumulation of Congo red positive fibrillar amyloid eozinofilik görülen, Kongo kırmızısı ile boyanan fibriller amiloid protein deposits that have an amorphous, eosinophilic appearance proteinlerin ekstrasellüler birikimiyle karakterize nadir hastalıklardır. on hematoxylin-eosin stained preparations. The kidney is the Böbrekler sistemik amiloidozlardan en sık etkilenen organdır. Kongo most commonly affected organ by systemic amyloidosis. Congo kırmızısı, zayıf birefrenjant boyanmamış amiloidin birefranjansını red staining increases the positive birefringence of the weakly artırır. Bu çalışmada, böbrek biopsilerinin rutin hematoksilen eozin birefringent unstained amyloid. In this study, we investigated the kesitlerinde dijital güçlendirilmiş birefrenjansın potansiyel tanısal potential diagnostic power of digitally reinforced birefringence of gücünü araştırdık. routine hematoxylin-eosin stained slides from renal biopsies. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hematoksilen-eozin boyalı 130 preparat Material and Method: We reviewed 130 hematoxylin-eosin stained polarizasyon için değerlendirildi. Altmış beş yeni amiloidoz olgusuna slides for polarization. Sixty-five new amyloidosis cases were böbrek biyopsisi ile tanı konuldu. Tüm böbrek biopsileri ışık ve diagnosed by renal biopsy. All renal biopsies were evaluated by light immünflöresan mikroskop ile değerlendirildi. Preparatlar kör olarak, microscopy and immunofluorescence.
    [Show full text]
  • LAB 3: Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Protocols for Endospore Stain, Capsule Stain, Motility Stab and Wet Mount
    LAB 3: Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Protocols for Endospore Stain, Capsule Stain, Motility Stab and Wet Mount. INTRODUCTION Bacteria are characterized by the presence or absence of a number of different structures. Endospores, capsules and flagella are three such examples. Each of these structures is visible with light microscopy if the correct staining procedure is employed. ENDOSPORES are survival structures. In poor growth conditions some genera may sporulate. Rather than dying, endospores survive in a dormant state. Endospores are unique to Bacteria and are formed by a limited number of bacterial genera. The soil bacteria within the genera Bacillus and Clostridium are the most familiar. The stepwise process of sporulation is triggered by poor growth conditions ( see the discussion of the process of sporulation in your text). The transition from vegetative cell to endopsore requires an environmental signal and then a series of steps. The The endospore forms within the vegetative cell. A wall forms around a copy of the bacterial chromosome, capturing some ribosomes, proteints and DNA. The endospore forming within the cell can be visualized using the light microscope. As the sporulation process continues, layers form within the spore making it very dense. Exterior to the spore, the vegetative cell dies. At the completion of sporulation, oval spores are visible using light microscopy. Endospores cannot replicate. However they allow survival in lean times. In fact they are resistant to extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures, dryness, toxic chemicals, and UV radiation. The dormant structure allows cell survival until conditions favorable to cell growth returns. Favorable growth conditions signal the process of endospore germination.
    [Show full text]
  • Colloid Milium: a Histochemical Study* James H
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector THE JOURNAL OF INVESTIOATIVE DERMATOLOOY vol. 49, No. 5 Copyright 1567 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Printed in U.S.A. COLLOID MILIUM: A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY* JAMES H. GRAHAM, M.D. AND ANTONIO S. MARQUES, M.D. Wagner (1), in 1866, first reported colloidreaction, with and without diastase digestion; milium in a 54 year old woman who showedcolloidal iron reaction, with and without bovine testicular hyaluronidase digestion for 1 hour at lesions on the forehead, cheeks and nose. In37 C; Movat's pentachrome I stain (2); alcian patients with colloid milium, the involvedblue pH 2.5 and 0.4 (3, 4); aldehyde-fuchsin pH skin is usually hyperpigmented, thickened,1.7 and 0.4 (4), with and without elastase digestion furrowed, nnd covered with multiple 0.5—5(5); Snook's reticulum stain; phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stain (PTAH); Prussian blue re- mm dome-shaped, discrete papules. The shiny,action for iron; Fontana-Masson stain for ar- pink or orange to yellowish white translucentgentaffin granules; thiofiavine T fluorescent stain lesions have been likened to vesieles, but are(6, 7); Congo red; alkaline Congo red method firm and only after considerable pressure can(8); crystal violet amyloid stain; methyl violet a clear to yellow mueoid substance be ex-stain for amyloid (9, 5); toluidine blue (4); and Giemsa stain. The crystal violet and methyl vio- pressed from the papules. The lesions involvelet stained sections were mounted in Highman's sun exposed sites including the dorsum of theApathy gum syrup (5) which tends to prevent hands, web between the thumb and indexbleeding and gives a more permanent preparation.
    [Show full text]
  • DIFFERENTIAL STAINING, Part I
    DIFFERENTIAL STAINING, Part I Differential staining is a procedure that takes advantage of differences in the physical and chemical properties of different groups of bacteria. It allows us to differentiate between different kinds of bacterial cells or different parts of a bacterial cell. I. GRAM STAIN The most commonly used differential stain is the Gram stain, first described in 1884 by Christian Gram, a Danish physician. The Gram reaction divides bacteria into two groups, those which are Gram-positive and those which are Gram-negative. Those organisms which retain the primary stain (crystal violet) are stained purple and are designated Gram-positive; those which lose the crystal violet and are subsequently stained by a safranin counterstain appear red and are designated Gram-negative. The conventional Gram-stain technique is described in the Procedure part of this handout; however, it is important to recognize early on that two aspects of the procedure are crucial: 1. The crystal violet treatment must precede iodine treatment. Iodine acts as a mordant, i.e., it increases the affinity of the cells for the crystal violet. Iodine alone has no bacterial staining capabilities. 2. Decolorization must be short and precise. Too long an exposure to 95% alcohol will decolorize Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative cells. The Gram stain has been used as a taxonomic tool for many years, aiding in the classification and identification of bacterial cells. However, it is also useful in a broader sense, as there appears to be a close correlation between the Gram reaction and many other morphological and physiological characteristics of bacterial cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter 4
    ANATECH LTD INNOVATOR Special Stains Issue Special Stains Issue Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) is the gold stan- dard for demonstration of tissue structure in anatomic pathology. However, by utilizing vari- ous dye solutions, special stains allow further visualization of major macromolecules (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, minerals) in a rainbow of colors beyond the blue and pink hues of H & E staining. This makes special stains indispensable in the demonstration of tissue morphology and its components. While immunohistochemistry and molecular biology are truly advancing in 1 A B the diagnosis of diseases, the comparatively low cost of histochemical special stains makes them April 2010 vital to the pathology laboratory. Figure 1. Fatty liver metamorphosis. A) Iron, 20x; B) H&E, 40x. ANATECH LTD. has a growing family of really A new look special stains. We refer to them as really special because several of them are unique and were at some old favorites developed in response to a problem with the existing traditional stain, due to unavailability Iron or technical performance. By understanding the chemistry of dyes, ANATECH LTD. was able to Hemosiderin, an iron-storage complex, is normally respond to these problems and produce special present intracellularly in macrophages. However, stains that are chemically unique and/or offer during hemorrhaging, when red blood cells (RBC) are a technical improvement over the conventional released from the circulatory system, excess hemosid- stain. Knowing that the stained tissue’s appear- erin deposits will occur in the surrounding extracel- ance is critical, our really special stains yield lular spaces. This is seen grossly in the color change of similarly colored results as the traditional dyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Selective and Recyclable Congo Red Dye Adsorption by Spherical Fe3o4
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Selective and Recyclable Congo Red Dye Adsorption by Spherical Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Functionalized with 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic Acid Sobhan Chatterjee1, Nikita Guha2, Sarathkumar Krishnan2, Amrendra K. Singh1, Pradeep Mathur1 & Dhirendra K. Rai2* In this study, the new material Fe3O4@BTCA has been synthesized by immobilization of 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) on the surface of Fe3O4 NPs, obtained by co-precipitation of FeCl3.6H2O and FeCl2.4H2O in the basic conditions. Characterization by P-XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM confrm Fe3O4 has a spherical crystalline structure with an average diameter of 15 nm, which after functionalization with BTCA, increases to 20 nm. Functionalization also enhances the surface area and surface charge of the material, confrmed by BET and zeta potential analyses, respectively. The dye adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@BTCA has been investigated for three common dyes; Congo red (C.R), Methylene blue (M.B), and Crystal violet (C.V). The adsorption studies show that the material rapidly and selectively adsorbs C.R dye with very high adsorption capacity (630 mg/g), which is attributed to strong H-bonding ability of BTCA with C.R dye as indicated by adsorption mechanism study. The material also shows excellent recyclability without any considerable loss of adsorption capacity. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies suggest that the adsorption occurs by the Langmuir adsorption model following pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics. Organic dyes are one of the signifcant contributors to water pollution caused by the discharge of efuent from various industries such as textile, plastic, printing, photographic, paper-pulp, paint, and leather1–9.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrothermal Degradation of Congo Red in Hot Compressed Water And
    ineering ng & E P l r a o c i c e m s e s Journal of h T C e f c h o Yuksel, J Chem Eng Process Technol 2013, 4:9 l ISSN: 2157-7048 n a o n l o r g u y o J Chemical Engineering & Process Technology DOI: 10.4172/2157-7048.1000179 Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Hydrothermal Degradation of Congo Red in Hot Compressed Water and its Kinetics Asli Yuksel* Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Gulbahce Campus, Urla, Izmir, Turkey Abstract A di-azo dye, Congo Red (CR) was used as a model compound to investigate the degradation mechanism in hot compressed water (HCW). The unique properties of HCW facilitated the degradation efficiency without addition of any organic solvent. The influences of reaction time, temperature, initial dye concentration and amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the degradation of CR and the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) from the product solution were investigated. The presence of H2O2 was found to enhance the degradation of CR. The results showed that the degradation yield could reach 99.0% with a solution of 100 ppm CR and 50 mM H2O2 at 150°C at the end of 60 min. Maximum conversion of the total organic carbon was recorded as 62.2%. Moreover, the effect of the presence of 2- - 2- 2- several co-existing negative ions such as SO4 , Cl , CO3 were investigated. It was found that the presence of SO4 2- - accelerated evidently the degradation of CR.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Various Staining Techniques for Determination of Extra Cellular Cellulase Activity on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) Agar Plates
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(5): 261-266 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 5 (2014) pp. 261-266 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article A comparative study of various staining techniques for determination of extra cellular cellulase activity on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) agar plates Hardik R. Gohel1*, Chintan N. Contractor2, Sandip K. Ghosh1, Vincent J. Braganza1 1Loyola Centre for Research and Development, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, India 2Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur, India *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T K e y w o r d s Microbes are known to produce many industrially important extracellular enzymes. Cellulase is one of them. Screening of these microbes is a very important and Cellulase, critical step. Several methods are in use for the selective screening. Stain the CMC staining containing plate with congo red is one of the most popular method. But we found methods, that, staining with congo red has less efficiency and it also deactivate the microbes. comparative So, In the present work, an attempt was made to compare various staining methods study for their staining efficiency. In the result, it was found that gram s iodine gives the best results followed by congo red staining. Introduction Cellulose is one of the most abundant products to individual monosaccharide forms of biomass present on the earth and (Sazci & Erenler 1986; Mingardon et al. is considered an inexhaustible source of 2011). raw material for various products (Rampersad et al. 1998; Angsana et al. Several previous reports have shown that 2009). A sure way of utilizing it starts certain microbes are able to utilize with its breakdown into its smaller cellulose as a source of energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Text Additional Text Cinr Schulznr Casnr Item Number
    The whole world of dyes and dye solutions Chroma-products – subdivided in dyes, dye solutions, indicators and auxiliaries article text additional text item number CINr SchulzNr CASNr hazardous Acid blue 119 1B-555 42765 1324-76-1 Carbolic Gentian Violet 2E-028K Y China Blue 1B-507 42755 816 discoloration solution acetone/Ethanol 1:1 E333 Y nuclear fast red solution (0,1%) aqueous 2C-337 6409-77-4 rhodamine b, ethanolic (1%) 2C-339 64-17-5 Y Safranin solution 2C-333K Y shipping cost chroma solvent green 3 1B-553 128-80-3 staining reagent eppendahl II 1A-652 Water Blue TR, Unna 1B-517 42755 816 Dienstag, 28. September 2021 SEITE 1 VON 21 The whole world of dyes and dye solutions Chroma-products – subdivided in dyes, dye solutions, indicators and auxiliaries article text additional text item number CINr SchulzNr CASNr hazardous dyes Acid Alizarine Blue B 1A-252 16680 1058-92-0 Acid Black 12 B 1A-598 20470 299 1064-48-8 acid brilliant flavine 7g 1F-562 61968-07-8 Acid Fuchsine-Orange 1F-347 Acid Green G 1B-215 42095 765 5141-20-8 Acid Rhodamine 1A-004 45100 863 3520-42-1 Acridine Orange 3 R zinc chloride double salt 1B-307 46005 10127-02-3 Acridine Yellow 1B-331 46025 135-49-9 Acriflavine 5A-406 46000 906 Y Alcian Green 2 GX 1F-555 Alcian Green 3 BX 1F-551 Alcian Yellow GXS 1F-597 12840 61968-76-1 Alizarine Blue B 1A-246 16680 Alizarine Brilliant Violet R 1B-077 60730 1196 4430-18-6 Alizarine Carmine 1F-581 58005 1145 130-22-3 Alizarine Pure 1A-020 58000 1141 72-48-0 Alizarine Purple RS 1B-079 60730 1196 4430-18-6 Alizarine Red S 1F-583 58005
    [Show full text]
  • An Evaluation Ofcurrent Methods for the Diagnostic Histochemistry Of
    J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.22.4.410 on 1 July 1969. Downloaded from J. clin. Path. (1969), 22, 410-413 An evaluation of current methods for the diagnostic histochemistry of amyloid JOHN H. COOPER From the Department ofPathology, Pathology Institute, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada SYNOPSIS Six current histological methods for demonstrating amyloid (crystal violet, thioflavine-T fluorescence, Congo-red staining and fluorescence, Sirius-red staining, and Congo- or Sirius-red birefringence) were applied in 25 cases of amyloidosis of various types and 47 pseudo-amyloid lesions. The results were compared and were correlated with those of ancillary histochemical tests and clinico-pathological data and each method's sensitivity and specificity for amyloid was evalu- ated. Thioflavine-T and, to a lesser degree, Congo-red fluorescence and Sirius-red staining proved very sensitive but not specific. Green birefringence with Congo or Sirius red was specific but not completely sensitive. The coexistence of Congo-red (and Sirius-red) staining and a positive DMAB-nitrite reaction occurred in all amyloid specimens and appeared specific for amyloid. Three main techniques are currently employed for Microscopical discovery of amyloid deposits the histological demonstration of amyloid: 'meta- comprises two distinct, sequential operations, chromasia' with triphenylmethane dyes (eg, crystal screening and identification. The former, though it violet); staining with substantive cotton dyes (Congo can be performed suboptimally on sections stained http://jcp.bmj.com/ red, Sirius red), with or without fluorescence or by routine methods, ideally requires a method with polarization microscopy; and fluorescence with a high degree of sensitivity, both qualitative, whereby thiazole dyes (eg, thioflavine-T).
    [Show full text]
  • Cleveland Clinic Laboratories
    Cleveland Clinic Laboratories Anatomic Pathology Special Stains Group I for Microorganisms Special Stains Group I 88312 Primary Demonstration of: Fite stain Stains for mycobacteria leprae Giemsa (h. pylori) Helicobacter Gomori’s methenamine silver (GMS) Fungus, Pneumocystis, Bacteria Gram Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Gridley Fungus Steiner Spirochetes, Bacteria PAS/light green counterstain Fungus Warthin-Starry Bacteria, Spirochetes Ziehl-Neelsen AFB Acid-fast mycobacterium Group II (All Other) Special Stains Group II 88313 Primary Demonstration of: Alcian Blue, pH 2.5 Acid mucopolysaccharides Alcian Blue/Hyaluronidase Differentiation of epithelial and connective tissue mucins Alcian Blue/PAS Acid and neutral mucins Aldehyde fuchsin Copper-binding protein, Elastic fibers Alizarin Red S Calcium ASD ‘Leder’s modification’ Esterase, Mast cells Bielschowsky Neurofibrils Bile, Hall’s method Bilirubin Bodian Nerve fibers Colloidal iron Mucopolysaccharides, Collagen Colloidal Iron/Hyaluronidase Differentiation of epithelial and connective tissue mucins Congo Red Amyloid Copper (Rhodanine) Copper Crystal Violet Amyloid Elastic stain (EVG) Elastic fibers, Collagen Fontana-Masson Argentaffin granules or Melanin Giemsa (mast cell) Eosinphilic granules and Mast cells Grimelius Argyrophil granules, Argentaffin Iron stain Iron Jones methenamine silver Basement membranes, Reticular fibers Luxol fast blue Myelin Masson trichrome Collagen Melanin bleach Eliminates melanin Movat Elastic fibers, Collagen, Mucin, Fibrin and Muscle Mucicarmine
    [Show full text]