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Journal of Life Sciences Journal of Life Sciences Volume 8, Number 1, January 2014 (Serial Number 69) David Publishing David Publishing Company www.davidpublishing.com Publication Information Journal of Life Sciences is published monthly in hard copy (ISSN 1934-7391) and online (ISSN 1934-7405) by David Publishing Company located at 240 Nagle Avenue #15C, New York, NY 10034, USA. Aims and Scope Journal of Life Sciences, a monthly professional academic journal, covers all sorts of researches on molecular biology, microbiology, botany, zoology, genetics, bioengineering, ecology, cytology, biochemistry, and biophysics, as well as other issues related to life sciences. Editorial Board Members Dr. Stefan Hershberger (USA), Dr. Suiyun Chen (China), Prof. Dr. Fadel Djamel (Algeria), Dr. Francisco Torrens (Spain), Dr. Filipa João (Portugal), Dr. Masahiro Yoshida (Japan), Dr. Reyhan Erdogan (Turkey), Dr. Grzegorz Żurek (Poland), Dr. Ali Izadpanah (Canada), Dr. Barbara Wiewióra (Poland), Dr. Amanda de Moraes Narcizo (Brasil), Dr. Marinus Frederik Willem te Pas (The Netherlands), Dr. Anthony Luke Byrne (Australia), Dr. Xingjun Li (China), Dr. Stefania Staibano (Italy), Prof. Dr. Ismail Salih Kakey (Iraq), Hamed Khalilvandi-Behroozyar (Iran). Manuscripts and correspondence are invited for publication. You can submit your papers via Web Submission, or E-mail to [email protected] or [email protected]. Submission guidelines and Web Submission system are available online at http://www.davidpublishing.com. Editorial Office 240 Nagle Avenue #15C, New York, NY 10034, USA Tel: 1-323-9847526, 1-302-5977046; Fax: 1-323-9847374, 1-323-9080457 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Copyright©2014 by David Publishing Company and individual contributors. All rights reserved. David Publishing Company holds the exclusive copyright of all the contents of this journal. In accordance with the international convention, no part of this journal may be reproduced or transmitted by any media or publishing organs (including various websites) without the written permission of the copyright holder. Otherwise, any conduct would be considered as the violation of the copyright. The contents of this journal are available for any citation. However, all the citations should be clearly indicated with the title of this journal, serial number and the name of the author. Abstracted / Indexed in Database of EBSCO, Massachusetts, USA Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), USA Database of Cambridge Science Abstracts (CSA), USA Database of Hein Online, New York, USA Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, USA Universe Digital Library S/B, Proquest Chinese Database of CEPS, American Federal Computer Library center (OCLC), USA China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI, China Chinese Scientific Journals Database, VIP Corporation, Chongqing, China Index Copernicus, Index Copernicus International S.A., Poland Google Scholar (scholar.google.com) Subscription Information Price (per year): Print $420, Online $300, Print and Online $560. David Publishing Company 240 Nagle Avenue #15C, New York, NY 10034, USA Tel: 1-323-9847526, 1-302-5977046; Fax: 1-323-9847374, 1-323-9080457 E-mail: [email protected] D DAVID PUBLISHING David Publishing Company www.davidpublishing.com JLS Journal of Life Sciences Volume 8, Number 1, January 2014 (Serial Number 69) Contents Microbiology and Biochemistry 1 Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Iraqi Sinorhizobium meliloti Isolates for Abiotic Stress Performance Rana A. Hameed, Nidhal N. Hussain and Abedaljasim M. Aljibouri 10 Study of the Potential Value of Ilex affinis (Aquifoliaceae) as a Novel Source for the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries Laura Cogoi, Renzo Martino, Gustavo Giberti, Claudia Anesini and Rosana Filip 15 The Effect of Age and Markers of Obesity on Bone Density in Iraqi Postmenopausal Women Hedef Dhafir EL-Yassin, Rana Faisal Hammadi and Nazar Abdulateef 22 The Antiviral Action of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Derivatives Andriy Lysytsya and Mykola Mandygra Botany and Zoology 27 Molecular Discrimination of Wild Philippine Paddy Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) Evaristo A. Abella, Geoff D. Robson and Richard F. Preziosi 35 Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Artemisia herba-alba and Mentha pulegium Essential Oils Houda Sbayou, Bouchra Ababou, Khadija Boukachabine, Angeles Manresa, Khalid Zerouali and Souad Amghar 42 The Importance of Consuming Charales (Chirostoma jordani) for Human Nutrition Virginia Melo-Ruiz, Beatriz Schettino-Bermúdez, Karina Sánchez Herrera, Nidia Vargas-Martínez, Tomas Quirino-Barreda and Jesús Juárez-Sandoval 46 Effect of Weed Control on Establishment and Herbage Production in Dwarf Napiergrass Renny Fatmyah Utamy, Yasuyuki Ishii, Kouji Iwamura and Sachiko Idota 51 Cytogenetic Analysis of Three Species of Astyanax Genus (Pisces, Characidae, Incertae sedis) from Freshwaters of Upper Paraguay Basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil Diones Krinski and Carlos Suetoshi Miyazawa 58 Anesthetic Management during Cesarean Section in English Bulldogs Cecilia Vullo, Marina Meligrana, Adolfo Maria Tambella, Fabrizio Dini, Angela Palumbo Piccionello and Giuseppe Catone 65 Patella rustica Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda, Patellogastropoda) Inhabiting Coast of Skikda (Algérie) Razika Maatallah and Djebar Abdallah Borhane 78 Serum Protein Capillary Electrophoretic Pattern in Camels (Camelus dromedarius): Influence of Age and Sex Nawal Mohamed Elkhair and Helmut Hartmann Interdisciplinary Researches 82 Structure-Activity Relationships in the Chelation Activity by Derivatives of 1,2-Dithiole-3-Thiones Zehour Rahmani, Mokhtar Saidi, Messouda Dakmouche and Mohamed Yousfi 89 Perception Survey of Carbon Monoxide Risk in Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaër Populations Aghandous Rachida, Rhalem Naima, Chaoui Hanane, Ouammi Lahcen, Soulaymani Abdelmajid, Mokhtari Abdelrhani and Soulaymani-Bencheikh Rachida 95 Cartography of Air Pollution in an Industrial City in North-Eastern Algeria by Using Two Indexes: Poleotolerance Index and Atmospheric Purity Index Djamel Fadel, Ahmed Soufiane Sid, Nadia Zga, Filali Latrèche and Abdelkarim Ouamer Ali January 2014, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1-9 Journal of Life Sciences, ISSN 1934-7391, USA D DAVID PUBLISHING Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Iraqi Sinorhizobium meliloti Isolates for Abiotic Stress Performance Rana A. Hameed1, Nidhal N. Hussain2 and Abedaljasim M. Aljibouri3 1. Biology Department, Al-Mustanserya University, Baghdad, Iraq 2. Biology Department, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq 3. Plant Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq Received: November 01, 2013 / Accepted: December 13, 2013 / Published: January 30, 2014. Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is being grown in harsh environment in Iraq and is mostly subjected to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, pH and temperature. Both alfalfa and its nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti are affected by these environmental stresses. Enhancing nitrogen fixation biologically could be achieved through selection of tolerant strains of S. meliloti to these environmental stresses and inoculating them to the crop, also growing tolerant cultivars. This study examines phenotypic diversity for tolerance to drought, salinity, temperature and pH. Sixty isolates sampled from different areas of Iraq. The results revealed high degree of phenotypic diversity in Sinorhizobium populations. Furthermore, the isolates which showed tolerance to drought stress also showed tolerance to salinity and high degree of temperature, indicating direct relationship between three physiological path ways. Also 58.3% of drought tolerant isolates were alkaline tolerant they tolerated up to pH 9, point to say almost all drought tolerant isolates in this study illustrated strong + positive reaction to catalase enzyme. And 91.6% themes were negative for Gelatinase enzyme test. While only 50% of drought sensitive isolates were negative for drought sensitive isolates could grow at high temperature (42 °C). Key words: Sinorhizobium meliloti, phenotypic, abiotic stresses. 1. Introduction arid and semi-arid regions because they can grow in barren soils that are unsuitable for most crops [3]. The impact of climate change on biota has recently Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a deep-rooted, gained attention, given the significant concerned perennial legume capable of producing high yields of towards global warming, or local reduction of rainfall high quality forage. Alfalfa also has the ability to use in many parts of the world. The resulting land atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and deposit significant degradation is major constraint of crop yield amounts of N in the soil during growth [4]. worldwide, with drought and desertification as The gram-negative bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti important consequences [1]. Furthermore, dry lands is able to interact with the roots of Medicago to form cover 40% of the world’s land surface and serve as the nitrogen-fixing nodules and survive as a free living habitat and surface of livelihood for more than 1 saprophytic bacterium in the soil [5, 6]. Billion people. Desertification affects 70% of the In recent years, due to the reduced need for world’s dry lands [2]. Leguminous plants are application of nitrogenous fertilizers, the rhizobia frequently used for cultivation in degraded soil sites of have gained a great value and play an important role in improving soil fertility in farming systems [7]. Corresponding author: Rana A. Hameed, M.Sc.,
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