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04/Spano Murgia Puddu MALACOFAUNERendiconti Seminario SPIAGGIATE Facoltà DELLA Scienze COSTA Università OCCIDENTALE Cagliari Vol. 72DELLA Fasc. SARDEGNA...2 (2002) 67 Malacofaune spiaggiate della costa occidentale della Sardegna. Fisiografia e batimetria dei fondali marini di provenienza (*) CARLO SPANO(**), DANIELE MURGIA(***), BARBARA PUDDU(****) Abstract. Herein are presented the results of research of an autoecological nature concerning beached malacological fauna gathered along the west coast of Sardinia. The resulting data contribute to defining the composition and structure of thanatocoenosis gathered at 35 biosites and allow estimation of the «bathymetric maximum» (30-40 metres) equivalent to the greatest depth at which sediments and the remains of molluscs within them are mobilized. Homogeneous «timed» sampling led to useful statistical comparisons between the different malacological associations gathered and made it possible to recognize the stocks of benthic populations most involved in the transportation of material: AP, SFBC, HP. By means of the autoecological analysis of recognized species, especially using data on texture, way of life and biocoenotic significance, the paper discusses the physiography of the sea bottoms mobilized in front of the biosites sampled. A database on the systematic taxonomy and autoecology of the 223 species identified, which represents a point of reference also in palaeoecological research into Neogenic and Quaternary fossiliferous deposits of Sardinia, is presented. INTRODUZIONE Questo lavoro si inserisce nell’ambito delle ricerche su molluschi attuali e fossili, da tempo in corso presso il Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Università di Cagliari. Esso riguarda le tanatocenosi spiaggiate della costa occidentale della Sardegna, campionate in trentacinque biositi e si propone, attraverso indagini ecologiche, di arricchire le conoscenze sulla fisiografia delle coste sommerse dalle quali esse proven- gono. La spiaggia di Tenuta Mugoni presso Alghero è la più settentrionale, mentre a quella di Porto Pino nel Golfo di Palmas (Teulada) compete la latitudine più bassa (tab.1, fig. 1). (*) Lavoro eseguito con il contributo del MURST (60%) (Resp. C. Spano). (**) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Università di Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, 09127 Cagliari. (***) Via Lazio 10, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari. (****) Via Dante 97, 09122 Cagliari. Presentato il 20/11/2002. 68 C. SPANO, D. MURGIA, B. PUDDU Tabella 1. Coordinate geografiche dei limiti delle spiagge investigate. N° Denominazione Carta IGM 1:25000 Latitudine N Longitudine W 34 Tenuta Mugoni F.458 I «S.Maria La Palma» 40°37'06" 8°11'33" 40°66'58" 8°12'58" 33 Lido di S.Giovanni F. 478 I «Alghero» 40°34'01" 8° 19' 07" 40° 34' 29" 8°19'02" 32a Foce Temo F. 497 III «Bosa Marina» 40° 17' 31" 8° 28' 32" 40° 17' 34" 8° 28' 39" 32 Bosa Marina F. 497 III «Bosa Marina» 40° 17' 10" 8° 28' 59" 40° 17' 23" 8° 28' 39" 31 Porto Alabe F. 497 III «Bosa Marina» 40° 14' 38" 8° 28' 32" 40° 15' 01" 8° 28' 28" 30 Torre del Pozzo F. 514 IV «S. Caterina di Pittinuri»40° 06' 05" 8° 29' 35" 40° 06' 23" 8° 29' 33" 29 S’Archittu F. 514 III «Capo Mannu» 40° 05' 42" 8° 29' 24" 40° 05' 45" 8° 29' 22" 28 Is Arenas F. 514 III «Capo Mannu» 40° 02' 56" 8° 26' 40" 40° 03' 15" 8° 27' 28" 27 Is Benas F. 514 III «Capo Mannu» 40° 02' 57" 8° 26' 36" 40° 03' 02" 8° 26' 30" 26 Sa Mesalonga F. 514 III «Capo Mannu» 40° 02' 42" 8° 23' 49" 40° 02' 56" 8° 24' 04" 25 Capo Mannu F. 514 III «Capo Mannu» 40° 01' 50" 8° 22' 46" 40° 01' 57'’ 8° 22' 48" 24 Is Arutas F. 528 IV «San Salvatore» 39° 58' 01" 8° 24' 05" 39° 58' 15" 8° 24' 08" 23 Su Maimoni F. 528 IV «San Salvatore» 39° 54' 45" 8° 24' 01" 39° 54' 58" 8° 24' 04" 22 San Giovanni Sinis F. 528 III «Capo S. Marco« 39° 53' 13" 8° 26' 03" 39° 53' 45" 8° 25' 26" 21 Tharros Ovest F. 528 III «Capo S. Marco» 39° 51' 32" 8° 26' 20" 39° 51' 43" 8° 26' 19" 20 Capo S. Marco Est F. 528 III «Capo S. Marco» 39° 51' 12" 8° 26' 26" 39° 51' 18" 8° 26' 26" 19 Pesaria F. 528 II «Oristano Sud» 39° 52' 36" 8° 32' 47" 39° 52' 53" 8° 32' 35" 18 Porto Palma F. 538 III «Porto Palma» 39° 40' 06" 8° 27' 35" 39° 40' 15" 8° 27' 28" 17 Colonia Sartori F. 538 III «Porto Palma» 39° 36' 51" 8° 28' 05" 39° 36' 57" 8° 28' 02" 16 Piscinas F. 546 IV «Gutturu e Flumini» 39° 32' 21" 8° 06' 49" 39° 32' 38" 8° 07' 02" 15 Portixeddu F. 546 III «Capo Pecora» 39° 26' 34" 8° 24' 41" 39° 26' 12" 8° 24' 45" 14 Cala Domestica F. 555 IV «Buggerru» 39° 22' 32" 8° 22' 49" 39° 22' 28" 8° 22' 45" 13 Porto di Masua F. 555 IV «Buggerru» 39° 20' 01" 8° 25' 15" 39° 20' 03" 8° 25' 10" 12 Porto Ferro F. 555 IV «Buggerru» 39° 19' 21" 8° 25' 22" 39° 19' 22" 8° 25' 19" 11 Porto Banda F. 555 IV «Buggerru» 39° 19' 09" 8° 25' 40" 39° 19' 12" 8° 25' 38" 10 Funtanamare F. 555 III «Portoscuso» 39° 17' 14" 8° 26' 08" 39° 17' 28" 8° 26' 16" 9 Sa Furungonara F. 555 III «Portoscuso» 39° 12' 04" 8° 23' 03" 39° 12' 10" 8° 22' 59" 8 Scoglio di Elisabetta F. 561 IV «Calasetta» 39° 06' 52" 8° 22' 06" 39° 06' 51" 8° 22' 09" 7 Sottotorre F. 561 IV «Calasetta» 39° 06' 34" 8° 20' 49" 39° 06' 35" 8° 20' 59" 6 La Salina F. 561 III «Sant’Antioco» 39° 05' 53" 8° 21' 29" 39° 05' 59" 8° 21' 44" 5 La Caletta F. 563 I «Isola di S. Pietro» 39° 06' 59" 8° 15' 23" 39° 07' 07" 8° 15' 29" 4 Cala Lunga F. 561 III «Sant’Antioco» 39° 01' 25" 8° 22' 30" 39° 01' 27" 8° 22' 28" 3 Maladroxia F. 572 IV «Capo Sperone» 39° 00' 00" 8° 27' 01" Figura 1. Localizzazio- 38° 59' 56" 8° 27' 03" 2 Porto Botte F. 564 II «Giba» 39° 02' 40" 8° 34' 03" ne delle spiagge. 39° 02' 16" 8° 34' 22" 1 Porto Pino F. 572 I «Porto Pino» 38° 57' 53" 8° 36' 05" 38° 57' 46" 8° 35' 47" MALACOFAUNE SPIAGGIATE DELLA COSTA OCCIDENTALE DELLA SARDEGNA... 69 Nella tab. 1 sono riportate le localizzazioni dei biositi campionati riferiti alla nuova copertura IGM, al 25.000. Lo studio sistematico delle malacofaune ha fornito la base per la definizione dell’orizzonte batimetrico più profondo, interessato dalla frequente e pressoché continua mobilizzazione dei sedimenti e dei resti di organismi bentonici. METODICHE ADOTTATE Non essendo stato possibile utilizzare i più comuni metodi di campionamento relativi al Benthos (Unità di volume, Unità di superficie) (in DI G ERONIMO & ROBBA [1] ) in quanto non avrebbero consentito di evidenziare con sufficiente completezza la diversità generica e specifica di tanatocenosi disperse in spiagge con le morfologie molto diverse tra loro, si è optato per una «raccolta a tempo». La prima fase del campionamento ha interessato i reperti che potevano permettere un’identificazione almeno generica. Ha fatto seguito un’ulteriore raccolta con l’ausilio di setacci a maglie di 1 mm di lato, al fine di raccogliere anche gli individui non agevolmente osservabili macroscopicamente. I campionamenti sono stati effettuati in modo più sistematico nei mesi che vanno da dicembre a marzo, al fine di usufruire del materiale che annualmente viene riversato sulle spiagge della costa occidentale sarda, dall’energia prodotta dai venti dominanti di Nord- Ovest che, come risaputo, in questa parte dell’Isola, è responsabile dell’instaurarsi dei massimi di intensità delle mareggiate specialmente durante il periodo invernale. Solo tale scelta poteva pemettere la disponibilità di un apprezzabile numero di individui afferenti a specie proprie di substrati duri. Si è ritenuto inoltre, che tale metodo fosse il più idoneo a permettere di comparare al meglio, anche statisticamente, le diverse tanatocenosi definite. Si è stabilito, infine, di rendere omogenei e comparabili i campionamenti dedicando ad ogni singolo biosito un numero di ore proporzionale alla superficie di dispersione dei reperti. SISTEMATICA DELLE SPECIE RICONOSCIUTE Sono state identificate 223 specie (136 Gasteropodi, 83 Bivalvi, 3 Scafopodi e 1 Poliplacoforo), riferibili a 138 generi di Molluschi (74 di Gasteropodi, 61 di Bivalvi, 2 di Scafopodi e 1 di Poliplacofori) (tab. 2). Per la loro tassonomia e per il loro inquadramento sistematico ci si è riferiti al «Catalogo annotato dei molluschi marini del Mediterraneo» (SABELLI et al. [2] ). Utili informazioni in tal senso sono state tratte dai lavori di MOORE [3], PIANI [4], GIANNUZZI SAVELLI [5], SABELLI & SPADA [6], PONDER & WARÉN [7], CUNNINGHAM V AUGHT [8]. Per una maggiore definizione delle specie censite, viene presentata la sinonimia essenziale (tab. 3). La massima diversità generica è stata rilevata nella spiaggia La Salina (69), con netta prevalenza dei Gasteropodi sui Bivalvi. A questa seguono, con valori decrescenti, La 70 C. SPANO, D. MURGIA, B. PUDDU Tabella 2. Prospetto sistematico generale delle malacofaune identificate. Taxa Classe Ordine Famiglia 1 Abra (Abra) tenuis (Montagu, 1803) Bivalvia Veneroida Semelidae 2 Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) paucicostata (Sowerby G.B. II, 1841) Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae 3 Acanthocardia (Rudicardium) tuberculata (Linnè, 1758) Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae 4 Aequipecten (Aequipecten) opercularis (Linnè, 1758) Bivalvia Pterioida Pectinidae 5 Alvania (Alvania) beani (Hanley in Thorpe, 1844) Gastropoda Neotaenioglossa Rissoidae 6 Alvania (Alvania) cimex (Linnè, 1758) Gastropoda Neotaenioglossa Rissoidae 7 Alvania (Alvania) discors (Allan, 1818) Gastropoda Neotaenioglossa Rissoidae 8 Alvania (Alvania) lactea (Michaud, 1832) Gastropoda Neotaenioglossa Rissoidae 9 Alvania (Alvania) lineata Risso, 1826 Gastropoda Neotaenioglossa Rissoidae 10 Anadara corbuloides (Monterosato, 1878) Bivalvia Arcoida Arcidae 11 Anomia ephippium Linnè, 1758 Bivalvia Arcoida Anomiidae 12 Aporrhais pespelecani (Linnè, 1758) Gastropoda Neotaenioglossa
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