sustainability Article Rural Tourism in Georgia in Transition: Challenges for Regional Sustainability Lela Khartishvili 1,2,*, Andreas Muhar 1 , Thomas Dax 3 and Ioseb Khelashvili 2 1 Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna. Peter Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Wien, Austria;
[email protected] 2 Tourism Hospitality Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. University Str., 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia;
[email protected] 3 Federal Institute for Less-Favoured and Mountainous Areas, Vienna, Austria; Marxergasse 2, 1030 Wien, Austria;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +43-677-627-07781; Fax: +995-599-99-2161 Received: 30 November 2018; Accepted: 9 January 2019; Published: 15 January 2019 Abstract: Tourism in rural regions of Georgia has a long tradition; however, many structures had been developed during Soviet times under the framework of a centrally planned economy and forced collectivism. Today, Rural Tourism is widely discussed by the national government and international cooperation partners as a means for regional development and as an alternative source of employment in agricultural areas and mountain regions. The purpose of this study is to develop suggestions for the institutionalization of Rural Tourism in the country and to propose relevant actions. Research methods comprised a document analysis, qualitative interviews with various stakeholders, and focus group discussions. We analyzed recent tendencies and challenges of rural tourism development in Georgia with a focus on the concept of community-based tourism and integrated rural development. We also review the challenges of the current structure of tourism marketing on the national level with regard to Rural Tourism products.