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Merian Project Final ESIA Report Volume I - Introduction and Environmental and Social Baseline 31 January 2013 The world’s leading sustainability consultancy TABLE OF CONTENTS – VOLUME I 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED PROJECT 1-1 1.1.1 Purpose and Need for Proposed Project 1-1 1.1.2 Proposed Project 1-1 1.1.3 Project Proponent, Ownership and Licenses 1-4 1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS 1-4 1.2.1 Purpose of the Environmental and Social ESIA Process 1-4 1.2.2 Objective 1-5 1.2.3 ESIA Phases 1-6 1.3 ESIA STUDY TEAM 1-11 1.4 SCOPE OF THE ESIA STUDY 1-12 1.5 ESIA ORGANIZATION 1-16 1.5.1 Volume I: Introduction, Environmental and Social Baseline 1-16 1.5.2 Volume II: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 1-16 1.5.3 Volume III and IV: Appendices 1-17 1.6 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 1 1-18 2.0 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 2-1 2.1 SURINAME LAWS AND REGULATIONS 2-1 2.1.1 Legal and Institutional Framework 2-4 2.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 2-6 2.3 SURGOLD STANDARDS 2-21 2.4 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 2-22 2.4.1 IFC General Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines 2-22 2.4.2 IFC EHS Guidelines for Mining 2-22 2.4.3 International Cyanide Management Code 2-22 2.4.4 Principles and Standards of Practice 2-22 2.4.5 International Council of Mining & Metals (ICMM) Guidelines 2-23 2.5 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 2 2-25 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3-1 ERM i SURGOLD-MERIAN 3.1 GENERAL PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3-1 3.2 EARLY WORKS 3-9 3.3 MINE SITE 3-10 3.3.1 Mine Pits 3-12 3.3.2 Waste Rock Disposal Facilities 3-13 3.3.3 Mining Equipment 3-16 3.3.4 Process Plant 3-17 3.3.5 Tailings Storage Facility 3-21 3.3.6 Labor Force 3-23 3.4 MINE INFRASTRUCTURE 3-25 3.4.1 Power Plant 3-25 3.4.2 Airstrip 3-27 3.4.3 Borrow Sites 3-27 3.4.4 Fuel and Chemical Storage 3-28 3.4.5 Operations Camp 3-30 3.4.6 Waste Management 3-31 3.5 MINE-SITE WATER MANAGEMENT 3-33 3.5.1 Site Drainage and Sediment Control 3-34 3.5.2 Pit Dewatering 3-38 3.5.3 Waste Rock Disposal Area Runoff and Seepage 3-38 3.5.4 Tailings Water Management 3-38 3.5.5 Water Treatment Plant (WTP) 3-50 3.5.6 Treated Water Storage Reservoir (TWSR) 3-50 3.5.7 Fresh Water Supply 3-50 3.5.8 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 3-51 3.6 TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR 3-51 3.7 PROJECT PHASES 3-52 3.7.1 Pre-Production 3-52 3.7.2 Operation 3-56 3.7.3 Closure 3-56 3.7.4 Post-Closure 3-57 4.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 4-1 4.1 PLANT LOCATION 4-1 4.2 POWER SUPPLY 4-1 4.3 SITE ACCESS 4-9 ERM ii SURGOLD-MERIAN 4.4 WORKER ACCOMMODATIONS 4-14 4.5 AIRSTRIP 4-17 4.6 TAILINGS STORAGE FACILITY 4-18 5.0 PROJECT LOCATION AND SETTING 5-1 5.1 LAND USE AND OWNERSHIP 5-1 5.2 CLIMATE 5-4 5.2.1 Regional Climate 5-4 5.2.2 Project Site Climate 5-5 5.2.3 Rainfall 5-5 5.2.4 Temperature 5-7 5.3 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 5-10 5.3.1 Regional Geology and Topography 5-10 5.3.2 Project Site Geology 5-14 5.3.3 Regional Site Topography 5-16 5.3.4 Project Site Topography 5-19 5.4 NATURAL HAZARDS 5-22 5.4.1 Seismic 5-22 5.4.2 Flooding 5-23 5.5 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 5 5-27 6.0 AIR QUALITY AND GREENHOUSE GAS BASELINE 6-1 6.1 EXISTING AIR QUALITY 6-1 6.1.1 Air Quality Sampling 6-1 6.2 GREENHOUSE GASES 6-12 6.3 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 6 6-14 7.0 NOISE AND VIBRATION BASELINE 7-1 7.1 EXISTING NOISE CONDITION 7-1 7.1.1 Mine Site 7-1 7.1.2 Transportation Corridor 7-7 7.2 EXISTING VIBRATION CONDITION 7-12 7.3 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 7 7-13 ERM iii SURGOLD-MERIAN 8.0 LANDSCAPE AND SOILS BASELINE 8-1 8.1 SOIL QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY 8-11 8.2 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 8.0 8-15 9.0 WATER RESOURCES BASELINE 9-1 9.1 CLIMATE 9-4 9.2 SURFACE WATER 9-7 9.2.1 Commewijne River Watershed 9-9 9.2.2 Study Area Streamflow - Commewijne River Watershed 9-13 9.2.3 Marowijne River Watershed 9-26 9.2.4 Study Area Streamflow – Marowijne River Watershed 9-27 9.3 WATER QUALITY 9-34 9.3.1 Artisanal and Small Scale ASM Mining 9-34 9.3.2 Project Surface Water Quality 9-36 9.4 REGIONAL HYDROGEOLOGY 9-58 9.5 PROJECT HYDROGEOLOGY 9-61 9.5.1 Project Hydrogeologic Units 9-65 9.5.2 Groundwater Quality 9-79 9.5.3 Conceptual Model of Groundwater Conditions 9-81 9.6 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 9 9-83 10.0 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BASELINE 10-1 10.1 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS 10-1 10.2 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 10-8 10.2.1 East-West Highway 10-8 10.2.2 Moengo Road 10-10 11.0 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES BASELINE 11-1 11.1 ECOLOGICAL SETTING 11-1 11.1.1 Vegetation Setting 11-1 11.1.2 Faunal Setting 11-2 11.2 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION 11-4 11.2.1 Data collection and analysis methodology 11-7 ERM iv SURGOLD-MERIAN 11.3 TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION OF BASELINE BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 11-11 11.3.1 Vegetation 11-11 11.3.2 Mammals 11-24 11.3.3 Birds 11-34 11.3.4 Insects 11-40 11.3.5 Herpetofauna 11-45 11.4 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 11 11-52 12.0 AQUATIC RESOURCES BASELINE 12-1 12.1 PLANKTON 12-2 12.2 AQUATIC FAUNA 12-10 12.2.1 Macroinvertebrates 12-10 12.2.2 Fish 12-12 12.2.3 Aquatic habitat 12-16 12.2.4 Special Status Species 12-22 12.3 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 12 12-31 13.0 PROTECTED AREAS BASELINE 13-1 13.1 INTRODUCTION 13-1 13.2 INTERNATIONAL GUIDANCE ON PROTECTED AREAS 13-1 13.3 PROTECTED AREAS IN SURINAME 13-2 13.3.1 Internationally Recognized Protected Areas in Suriname 13-2 13.4 PROTECTED AREAS NEAR THE MERIAN GOLD PROJECT 13-6 13.5 OTHER IMPORTANT BIODIVERSITY AREAS 13-7 13.6 CONCLUSION 13-11 14.0 SOCIAL BASELINE 14-1 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14-1 14.1.1 Socio-Economic Indicators 14-2 14.1.2 Historical Overview of Suriname 14-4 14.1.3 Project Social Study Area 14-6 14.1.4 Structure of the baseline chapter 14-11 14.2 NATIONAL AND REGIONAL SUMMARY 14-19 14.2.1 National and Regional Governance Systems 14-19 ERM v SURGOLD-MERIAN 14.2.2 Indigenous and tribal peoples’ land rights 14-20 14.2.3 National Demography Overview 14-20 14.2.4 National Education Overview 14-21 14.2.5 National Overview of Health Status 14-22 14.2.6 National Overview of Social Infrastructure, Resources and Services 14-24 14.2.7 National Livelihoods and Socio-Economics Overview 14-25 14.3 NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURAL HERITAGE14-25 14.3.1 Introduction 14-25 14.3.2 Precolonial Cultual Context for Suriname 14-25 14.3.3 Known and Potential Archaeological Sites in the Region Around the Merian Area 14-28 14.3.4 Archaeological Sensitivity of the Project Site 14-29 14.4 MAROWIJNE AREA 14-32 14.4.1 Traditional Pamaka Governance 14-34 14.4.2 Demography in the Marowijne Area 14-39 14.4.3 Education in the Marowijne Area 14-50 14.4.4 Marowijne Area Health Profile 14-55 14.4.5 Social Infrastructure, Resources and Services in the Marowijne Area 14-63 14.4.6 Cultural Heritage in the Marowijne Area 14-77 14.4.7 Marowijne Area Livelihoods and Socio-Economics 14-81 14.4.8 Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) 14-91 14.5 MOENGO AREA 14-101 14.5.1 Demography in the Moengo Area 14-101 14.5.2 Education in the Moengo Area 14-102 14.5.3 Moengo Area Health Profile 14-105 14.5.4 Social Infrastructure, Resources and Services in the Moengo Area 14-111 14.5.5 Moengo Area Livelihoods and Socio-Economics 14-113 14.6 TEMPATI AND COMMEWIJNE AREA 14-114 14.6.1 Traditional Saramaka Governance in the Tempati and Commewijne Area 14-114 14.6.2 Demography in the Commewijne and Tempati Area 14-118 14.6.3 Social Infrastructure, Resources and Services in the Commewijne and Tempati areas 14-120 14.6.4 Cultural Heritage in the Tempati and Commewijne Area 14-121 14.6.5 Commewijne and Tempati Livelihoods and Socio-Economics 14-122 14.7 TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR 14-122 14.7.1 Demography along the Transportation Corridor 14-123 14.7.2 Transportation Corridor Summary Health Profile 14-129 14.7.3 Transportation Corridor Summary Livelihoods and Socio-Economics 14-130 14.7.4 Cultural Heritage along the Transportation Corridor 14-131 ERM vi SURGOLD-MERIAN 14.8 HUMAN RIGHTS AND VULNERABILITY 14-131 14.8.1 Maroon Rights in Surinamese Society 14-132 14.8.2 Standard of Living 14-132 14.8.3 Availability of Household Assets 14-133 14.8.4 Child Labor 14-134 14.8.5 Vulnerable, Sensitive or Marginalized Groups 14-134 14.8.6 Vulnerable Groups 14-136 14.9 STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES 14-139 14.9.1 Drivers of Perceptions and Attitudes in the Marowijne Area 14-139 14.9.2 Perceptions of the Project in the Marowijne Area 14-140 LIST OF FIGURES: Figure 1-1 Merian Gold Project Location and Transportation Corridor 1-3 Figure 1-2 The ESIA Process for the Project 1-7 Figure 1-3 Environmental Study Area 1-14 Figure 1-4 Social Study Area 1-15 Figure 3-1 The Project Location 3-5 Figure 3-2 Merian Gold Project Mine Site Layout 3-6 Figure 3-3 Merian Gold Project Disturbance Sequence 3-13 Figure 3-4 Example Cross-Sections of Waste Rock Disposal Areas 3-16 Figure 3-5 Process Flow Diagram 3-20 Figure 3-6 Spigotting underway at mine in Guiana Shield 3-21 Figure 3-7 Mine Site Water Management 3-37 Figure 3-8 Dam Locations at the Tailing Storage Facility 3-40 Figure 3-9 A Typical Dam Cross Section with Staged Construction Sequencing 3-42 Figure 3-10 Water Management Plan Conceptual Flow Diagram 3-46 Figure 3-11 Seepage Collection Systems at the Tailings Storage Facility 3-48 Figure 4-1 Power Supply Alternatives 4-3 Figure 4-2 Access Road and Airstrip Alternatives 4-11 Figure 5-1 Land Use and Concessions 5-3 Figure 5-2 Average Total Monthly Precipitation – Merian Site Precipitation Gauge December 2005 – December 2011 5-6 Figure 5-3 Long-Term Average Monthly Precipitation Estimates for Merian Gold Project 5-7 Figure 5-4 Monthly Summary of Temperature Values at the Merian Station (December 2005 to December 2011) 5-8 Figure 5-5 Monthly Summary of Average Relative Humidity at the Merian Station
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  • Zoologische Mededelingen Uitgegeven Door Het

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  • Is There Gold in All That Glitters? Indigenous Peoples and Mining in Suriname

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    Is There Gold In All That Glitters? Indigenous Peoples and Mining in Suriname Prepared for a project funded by the Inter-American Development Bank’s Canadian Technical Assistance Program (CANTAP) funding By Bente Molenaar The North-South Institute November 1, 2007 The North-South Institute (NSI) is a charitable corporation established in 1976 to provide profession- al, policy-relevant research on relations between industrialized and developing countries. The results of this research are made available to policy-makers, interested groups, and the general public to help generate greater understanding and informed discussion of development questions. The Institute is independent and cooperates with a wide range of Canadian and international organizations working in related activities. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect views held by the Inter-American Development Bank or The North-South Institute. Omissions and mistakes are entirely the responsibility of the author. Corrections and comments can be sent to [email protected]. The draft of this report was completed November 1, 2007. Available at: www.nsi-ins.ca Layout and design: Marcelo Saavedra-Vargas ([email protected]) Photo Credit: Viviane Weitzner The North-South Institute Association of Indigenous L’Institut Nord-Sud Village Leaders in Suriname © The Inter-American Development Bank, 2008. IND I GENOUS PEO P LES AND MI N I NG I N SUR I NA M E Table of Contents Abbreviations and acronyms. ii Acknowledgements. .1 Executive summary. .2 Introduction . .3 1. Setting the scene: a brief overview of the actors, history, country information and politics.
  • Download PDF Van Tekst

    Download PDF Van Tekst

    OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis. Jaargang 12 bron OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis. Jaargang 12. Stichting Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek, [Nijmegen] 1993 Zie voor verantwoording: https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_oso001199301_01/colofon.php Let op: werken die korter dan 140 jaar geleden verschenen zijn, kunnen auteursrechtelijk beschermd zijn. Afbeeldingen omslag De afbeelding op de voorzijde van de omslag is een tekening van het huis Zeelandia 7, afkomstig uit C.L. Temminck Grol, De architektuur van Suriname, 1667-1930. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 1973. Op de achterkant is de bekende lukuman Quassie geportretteerd naar de gravure van William Blake in Stedman's Narrative of a Five Years Expedition Against the Revolted Negroes in Surinam (1796). In dit nummer van OSO is een artikel over Quassie opgenomen. OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis. Jaargang 12 1 OSO tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde letterkunde, cultuur en geschiedenis Inhoudsopgave en index Jaargang 6-11 (1987-1992) Artikelen Agerkop, Terry 1989 Orale tradities: een inleiding, 8 (2): 135-136. Arends, Jacques 1987 De historische ontwikkeling van de comparatiefconstructie in het Sranan als ‘post-creolisering’, 8 (2): 201-217. Baldewsingh, R. 1989 Orale literatuur van de Hindostanen, 8 (2): 167-170. Beeldsnijder, Ruud 1991 Op de onderste trede. Over vrije negers en arme blanken in Suriname 1730-1750, 10 (1): 7-30. Beet, Chris de 1992 Een staat in een staat: Een vergelijking tussen de Surinaamse en Jamaicaanse Marrons, 11 (2): 186-193. Bies, Renate de 1990 Woordenboek van het Surinaams-Nederlands: Woordenboek of inventaris? (discussie), 9 (1): 85-87.