Proliferation of the Tallest Building Syndrome: from Global to Local
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CTBUH Journal
About the Council The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, based at the Illinois Institute of Technology in CTBUH Journal Chicago and with a China offi ce at Tongji International Journal on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat University in Shanghai, is an international not-for-profi t organization supported by architecture, engineering, planning, development, and construction professionals. Founded in 1969, the Council’s mission is to disseminate multi- Tall buildings: design, construction, and operation | 2014 Issue IV disciplinary information on tall buildings and sustainable urban environments, to maximize the international interaction of professionals involved Case Study: One Central Park, Sydney in creating the built environment, and to make the latest knowledge available to professionals in High-Rise Housing: The Singapore Experience a useful form. The Emergence of Asian Supertalls The CTBUH disseminates its fi ndings, and facilitates business exchange, through: the Achieving Six Stars in Sydney publication of books, monographs, proceedings, and reports; the organization of world congresses, Ethical Implications of international, regional, and specialty conferences The Skyscraper Race and workshops; the maintaining of an extensive website and tall building databases of built, under Tall Buildings in Numbers: construction, and proposed buildings; the Unfi nished Projects distribution of a monthly international tall building e-newsletter; the maintaining of an Talking Tall: Ben van Berkel international resource center; the bestowing of annual awards for design and construction excellence and individual lifetime achievement; the management of special task forces/working groups; the hosting of technical forums; and the publication of the CTBUH Journal, a professional journal containing refereed papers written by researchers, scholars, and practicing professionals. -
The “International” Skyscraper: Observations 2. Journal Paper
ctbuh.org/papers Title: The “International” Skyscraper: Observations Author: Georges Binder, Managing Director, Buildings & Data SA Subject: Urban Design Keywords: Density Mixed-Use Urban Design Verticality Publication Date: 2008 Original Publication: CTBUH Journal, 2008 Issue I Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Georges Binder The “International” Skyscraper: Observations While using tall buildings data, the following paper aims to show trends and shifts relating to building use and new locations accommodating high-rise buildings. After decades of the American office building being dominate, in the last twelve years we have observed a gradual but major shift from office use to residential and mixed-use for Tall Buildings, and from North America to Asia. The turn of the millennium has also seen major changes in the use of buildings in cities having the longest experience with Tall Buildings. Chicago is witnessing a series of office buildings being transformed into residential or mixed-use buildings, a phenomenon also occurring on a large scale in New York. In midtown Manhattan of New York City we note the transformation of major hotels into residential projects. The transformation of landmark projects in midtown New York City is making an impact, but it is not at all comparable to the number of new projects being built in Asia. When conceiving new projects, we should perhaps bear in mind that, in due time, these will also experience major shifts in uses and we should plan for this in advance. -
Structural Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends and Future Prospects
© 2007 University of Sydney. All rights reserved. Architectural Science Review www.arch.usyd.edu.au/asr Volume 50.3, pp 205-223 Invited Review Paper Structural Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends and Future Prospects Mir M. Ali† and Kyoung Sun Moon Structures Division, School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA †Corresponding Author: Tel: + 1 217 333 1330; Fax: +1 217 244 2900; E-mail: [email protected] Received 8 May; accepted 13 June 2007 Abstract: Tall building developments have been rapidly increasing worldwide. This paper reviews the evolution of tall building’s structural systems and the technological driving force behind tall building developments. For the primary structural systems, a new classification – interior structures and exterior structures – is presented. While most representative structural systems for tall buildings are discussed, the emphasis in this review paper is on current trends such as outrigger systems and diagrid structures. Auxiliary damping systems controlling building motion are also discussed. Further, contemporary “out-of-the-box” architectural design trends, such as aerodynamic and twisted forms, which directly or indirectly affect the structural performance of tall buildings, are reviewed. Finally, the future of structural developments in tall buildings is envisioned briefly. Keywords: Aerodynamics, Building forms, Damping systems, Diagrid structures, Exterior structures, Interior structures, Outrigger systems, Structural performance, Structural systems, Tall buildings Introduction Tall buildings emerged in the late nineteenth century in revolution – the steel skeletal structure – as well as consequent the United States of America. They constituted a so-called glass curtain wall systems, which occurred in Chicago, has led to “American Building Type,” meaning that most important tall the present state-of-the-art skyscraper. -
Bringing an Icon Into the Future: Willis Tower
CTBUH Research Paper ctbuh.org/papers Title: Bringing an Icon into the Future: Willis Tower Author: Stephen Katz, Senior Associate, Gensler Subjects: Architectural/Design Building Case Study Interior Design Keywords: Renovation Supertall Publication Date: 2019 Original Publication: 2019 Chicago 10th World Congress Proceedings - 50 Forward | 50 Back Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Stephen Katz Bringing an Icon into the Future: Willis Tower Abstract Stephen Katz Senior Associate Few buildings are as iconic as Willis Tower. Generations of Chicagoans have a collective memory Gensler of this building playing a role in their entire lives. Chicagoans mark time with Willis Tower, but Chicago, United States time has caught up with this aging supertall. The way the building engages with the city and its occupants needed a fresh approach. Understanding how Willis Tower is being reimagined Based in Gensler’s Chicago office, Stephen is a by new owners is crucial to the success of old and new supertall towers around the globe. This Senior Associate and Technical Director. Stephen paper examines the efforts of the design team as it created a new path forward for Willis Tower. has worked and lectured in the United States, Asia, and Europe and has authored papers about A new city-block-sized podium structure and substantial infrastructure improvements are part façade design and sustainability. Stephen is a of this work (see Figure 1), and the results have a dramatic effect on a piece of civic history while founding member of Gensler Enclosures; a group transforming the building into a destination for tenants and visitors alike. -
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Discontinuance of Publication To our readers, First and foremost, I, as the president of Yonhap News Agency, would like to give our readers many thanks for the deep interest shown in our Vantage Point magazine for many years. With your great interest and encouragement, Yonhap has done its utmost to make Vantage Point, South Korea's sole North Korea-only monthly in English, a quality magazine over the years. However, Yonhap has very regrettably decided to discontinue the publication of the maga- zine, making the January issue in 2016 its last. This discontinuance, however, will never mean weakening Yonhap’s North Korea news ser- vice. On the contrary, Yonhap, as a leading news agency in South Korea, has the grave obligation to play a part in helping materialize the Korean people’s ardent wish for the reunification of the Korean Peninsula by providing our readers at home and abroad with accurate news on the reality of the communist North and the South Korean government’s North Korea policy. Hence, Yonhap promises to continuously meet our Vantage Point readers’ keen interest in and high demand for stories on Korean Peninsula issues by providing you with a quicker, fairer, more accurate and stronger North Korean news service via its Web page (www.yonhapnews.co.kr). I would like to express my deep appreciation to our faithful readers once again, and hope you will continuously maintain interest in Korean issues down the road. Best regards, Park No-hwang President-publisher Yonhap News Agency 폐간사 독자여러분들에게, 우선 그동안 연합뉴스 Vantage Point를 애독해주신 독자 여러분들에게 깊은 감사의 말씀을 드립니다 그동안 연합뉴스는 독자 여러분들의 높은 관심과 격려 속에서 한국의 유일한 북한 전문 영문월간지인 Vantage Point를 품격있는 잡지로 만들기 위해 최선 을 다해왔습니다. -
An Overview of Structural & Aesthetic Developments in Tall Buildings
ctbuh.org/papers Title: An Overview of Structural & Aesthetic Developments in Tall Buildings Using Exterior Bracing & Diagrid Systems Authors: Kheir Al-Kodmany, Professor, Urban Planning and Policy Department, University of Illinois Mir Ali, Professor Emeritus, School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Subjects: Architectural/Design Structural Engineering Keywords: Structural Engineering Structure Publication Date: 2016 Original Publication: International Journal of High-Rise Buildings Volume 5 Number 4 Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Kheir Al-Kodmany; Mir Ali International Journal of High-Rise Buildings International Journal of December 2016, Vol 5, No 4, 271-291 High-Rise Buildings http://dx.doi.org/10.21022/IJHRB.2016.5.4.271 www.ctbuh-korea.org/ijhrb/index.php An Overview of Structural and Aesthetic Developments in Tall Buildings Using Exterior Bracing and Diagrid Systems Kheir Al-Kodmany1,† and Mir M. Ali2 1Urban Planning and Policy Department, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA 2School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA Abstract There is much architectural and engineering literature which discusses the virtues of exterior bracing and diagrid systems in regards to sustainability - two systems which generally reduce building materials, enhance structural performance, and decrease overall construction cost. By surveying past, present as well as possible future towers, this paper examines another attribute of these structural systems - the blend of structural functionality and aesthetics. Given the external nature of these structural systems, diagrids and exterior bracings can visually communicate the inherent structural logic of a building while also serving as a medium for artistic effect. -
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Case Study: Vista Tower, Chicago A New View, and a New Gateway, for Chicago Abstract Upon completion, Vista Tower will become Chicago’s third tallest building, topping out the Lakeshore East development, where the Chicago River meets Lake Michigan. Juliane Wolf will participate in the Session 7C panel discussion High-Rise Occupying a highly visible site on a north- Design Drivers: Now to 2069, on Jeanne Gang Juliane Wolf south view corridor within the city’s grid, and in Wednesday, 30 October. Vista Tower is the subject of the off-site close proximity to the Loop, the river, and the program on Thursday, Authors city’s renowned lakefront park system, this 31 October. Jeanne Gang, Founding Principal and Partner Juliane Wolf, Design Principal and Partner mixed-use supertall building with a porous Studio Gang 1520 West Division Street base is simultaneously a distinctive landmark Chicago, IL 60642 USA at the scale of the city and a welcoming connector at the ground plane. Clad in a t: +1 773 384 1212 gradient of green-blue glass and supported by a reinforced concrete structure, the e: [email protected] studiogang.com tower is composed of an interconnected series of stacked, frustum-shaped volumes that move rhythmically in and out of plane and extend to various heights. The Jeanne Gang, architect and MacArthur Fellow, is the Founding Principal and Partner of Studio tower is lifted off the ground plane at the center, creating a key gateway for Gang, an architecture and urban design practice headquartered in Chicago with offices in New York, pedestrians accessing the Riverwalk from Lakeshore East Park. -
City Council Agenda
CITY of NOVI CITY COUNCIL Agenda Item D December 18, 2017 SUBJECT: Approval of recommendation from the Consultant Review Committee to award the Agreement for Civil Engineering Private Development Field Services to Spalding DeDecker for a five-year term and adoption of associated fees and charges, effective December 18,2017. SUBMITTING DEPARTMENT: Department of Public Services, Engineering Division CITY MANAGER APPROVAL: ~~ BACKGROUND INFORMATION: The contract with the City's current consultant for civil engineering field services for private development projects, Spalding DeDecker Associates, Inc. (SDA), expires on December 17, 2017. This consultant primarily provides engineering services related to private development, such as review of residential plot plans, construction inspection, project closeout paperwork assistance, and the completion of record drawings. The current contract was awarded at the April 23, 2012 City Council meeting and became effective on May 1, 2012 as a two-year contract. This contract has been extended four times, most recently on February 6, 2017. The pending expiration of the contract resulted in the City issuing a Request for Qualifications (RFQ) to consulting engineering firms. Listing minimum qualifications helped to ensure the responding firms met certain critical criteria, such as staff credentials, number of qualified staff, distance from the City, and relevant municipal experience. The RFQ was posted publicly and resulted in responses from three firms. The review process consisted of two components: 1) reviewing and scoring each of the qualifications; and 2) opening sealed fee proposal forms from the most qualified firm(s). The three submittals were evaluated by staff from Public Services, Community Development and Finance Departments, using the Qualifications Based Selection (QBS) process, with an emphasis on each firm's experience and understanding of the scope. -
List of World's Tallest Buildings in the World
Height Height Rank Building City Country Floors Built (m) (ft) 1 Burj Khalifa Dubai UAE 828 m 2,717 ft 163 2010 2 Shanghai Tower Shanghai China 632 m 2,073 ft 121 2014 Saudi 3 Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel Mecca 601 m 1,971 ft 120 2012 Arabia 4 One World Trade Center New York City USA 541.3 m 1,776 ft 104 2013 5 Taipei 101 Taipei Taiwan 509 m 1,670 ft 101 2004 6 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai China 492 m 1,614 ft 101 2008 7 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong Hong Kong 484 m 1,588 ft 118 2010 8 Petronas Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 452 m 1,483 ft 88 1998 8 Petronas Tower 2 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 452 m 1,483 ft 88 1998 10 Zifeng Tower Nanjing China 450 m 1,476 ft 89 2010 11 Willis Tower (Formerly Sears Tower) Chicago USA 442 m 1,450 ft 108 1973 12 Kingkey 100 Shenzhen China 442 m 1,449 ft 100 2011 13 Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou China 440 m 1,440 ft 103 2010 14 Dream Dubai Marina Dubai UAE 432 m 1,417 ft 101 2014 15 Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago USA 423 m 1,389 ft 98 2009 16 Jin Mao Tower Shanghai China 421 m 1,380 ft 88 1999 17 Princess Tower Dubai UAE 414 m 1,358 ft 101 2012 18 Al Hamra Firdous Tower Kuwait City Kuwait 413 m 1,354 ft 77 2011 19 2 International Finance Centre Hong Kong Hong Kong 412 m 1,352 ft 88 2003 20 23 Marina Dubai UAE 395 m 1,296 ft 89 2012 21 CITIC Plaza Guangzhou China 391 m 1,283 ft 80 1997 22 Shun Hing Square Shenzhen China 384 m 1,260 ft 69 1996 23 Central Market Project Abu Dhabi UAE 381 m 1,251 ft 88 2012 24 Empire State Building New York City USA 381 m 1,250 -
The-Hows-Whats-And-Wows-Of-Willis
There are enough impressive facts about the When you get back to your school, we hope Willis Tower to make even the most worldly your students will send us photos or write or among us say, “Wow!” So many things at the create artwork about their experiences and Willis Tower can be described by a share them with us (via email or the mailing superlative: biggest, fastest, and longest. But address at the end of this guide). there is more to the building than all these “wows”: 1,450 sky-scraping, cloud-bumping One photo will be selected as the “Photo of feet of glass and steel, 43,000 miles of the Day” and displayed on our Skydeck telephone cable, 25,000 miles of plumbing, monitors for all to see. Artwork and writing 4.56 million square feet of floor space and a will posted on bulletin boards in the view of four states. lunchroom area. We would also love to have you and your students post you Skydeck Behind the “wows” are lots of “hows” and Chicago photos to the Skydeck Chicago pages “whats” for you and your students to on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. explore. In this guide you will be introduced to the building—its beginnings as the Sears As you get ready for your trip, please call us Tower and its design, construction and place with any questions at (312) 875-9447. We aim in the pantheon of skyscrapers. Its name to make your visit your best school trip ever. was recently changed to the Willis Tower, proudly reflecting the name of the global insurance broker who makes the Tower its Chicago home. -
Vanity Height: the Empty Space in Today's Tallest
Tall Buildings in Numbers Vanity Height: the Empty Space in Today’s Tallest Vanity Height Non-occupiable Space 39% We noticed in Journal 2013 Issue I’s case study on Kingdom Tower, Jeddah, that a fair non-occupiable amount of the top of the building seemed to be an unoccupied spire. This prompted height us to explore the notion of “vanity height ” in supertall1 buildings, i.e., the distance Highest Occupied between a skyscraper’s highest occupiable fl oor and its architectural top, as Floor: 198 meters determined by CTBUH Height Criteria.2 Note: 1Historically there have been 74 completed supertalls (300+ m) in the world, including the now-demolished 61% One and Two World Trade Center in New York. occupiable 2 For more information on the CTBUH Height Criteria, visit http://criteria.ctbuh.org height Occupiable Space World’s Ten Tallest Vanity Heights (as of July 2013 data) Top Architectural to Height Below are the ten tallest “Vanity Heights” in today’s completed supertalls. Burj Al Arab With a vanity height of nearly 124 meters within its architectural height of 321 244 m | 29% meters, the Burj Al Arab has the highest non-occupiable * The highest occupied fl oor height as datum line. height ** The highest occupied fl oor height. non-occupiable-to-occupiable height ratio among completed supertalls. 39% of its height is non-occupiable. 133 m | 30% 200 m non-occupiable 131 m | 36% height non-occupiable 124 m | 39% height non-occupiable 113 m | 32% height non-occupiable 99 m | 31% height 150 m non-occupiable height 97 m | 31% 96 m | 29% non-occupiable -
Signature Redacted Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering May 21, 2015
TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS OVER THE PAST DECADE ARCHIVES 1 by MASSACM I 1TT;r OF 1*KCHN0L0LGY Wenjia Gu JUL 02 2015 B.S. Civil Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2014 LIBRAR IES SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 2015 C2015 Wenjia Gu. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known of hereafter created. Signature of Author: Signature redacted Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering May 21, 2015 Certified by: Signature redacted ( Jerome Connor Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted bv: Signature redacted ?'Hei4 Nepf Donald and Martha Harleman Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Chair, Departmental Committee for Graduate Students TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS OVER THE PAST DECADE by Wenjia Gu Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering on May 21, 2015 in Partial Fulfillment of the Degree Requirements for Master of Engineering in Civil and Environmental Engineering ABSTRACT Over the past decade, high-rise buildings in the world are both booming in quantity and expanding in height. One of the most important reasons driven the achievement is the continuously evolvement of structural systems. In this paper, previous classifications of structural systems are summarized and different types of structural systems are introduced. Besides the structural systems, innovations in other aspects of today's design of high-rise buildings including damping systems, construction techniques, elevator systems as well as sustainability are presented and discussed.