DOCSLIB.ORG

Root-Enhanced Infiltration in Stormwater Bioretention Facilities in Portland, Oregon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Root-Enhanced Infiltration in Stormwater Bioretention Facilities in Portland, Oregon Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Winter 3-3-2017 Root-enhanced Infiltration in Stormwater Bioretention Facilities in Portland, Oregon Ted David Hart Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Water Resource Management Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Hart, Ted David, "Root-enhanced Infiltration in Stormwater Bioretention Facilities in Portland, Oregon" (2017). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3468. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5352 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Root-enhanced Infiltration in Stormwater Bioretention Facilities in Portland, Oregon by Ted David Hart A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Sciences and Resources Dissertation Committee: John A. Yeakley, Chair Joseph Maser Shane Latimer Todd Rosenstiel Portland State University 2017 © 2017 Ted David Hart Abstract I evaluated the effectiveness of plant roots to increase infiltration rates within stormwater bioretention facilities (SBFs), roadside planter compartments that filter stormwater. SBFs attenuate harmful effects of stormwater by reducing peak flow and retaining pollutants, with increased infiltration that improves both these functions. Researchers have shown that roots can increase infiltration within greenhouse, lab, field, and test SBF settings. However, no researchers have yet measured either the extent to which different root characteristics can increase infiltration or the variation in root characteristics and their effect on infiltration rates among plant assemblages within currently functioning SBFs. To determine if root-enhanced infiltration was occurring within SBFs, I hypothesized 1) there is a relationship between root characteristics and infiltration during late spring, and 2) seasonal root growth increases infiltration rates. Within Portland, OR, I measured infiltration rate from January 2014 to February 2015 and root characteristics from January- February (J-F) and May-June (M-J) 2014 in ten SBFs with “Elk Blue” rush (Juncus patens) and 1 or 2 trees of less than 8.4 cm stem diameter. During M-J, four root characteristics showed a positive relationship with infiltration rate, and two root characteristics showed a strong positive relationship with infiltration rate within the topsoil. Also, a relationship was shown between the increase (J-F to M-J 2014) in three root characteristics and the increase in infiltration rate. i To determine if root morphology and infiltration rates differed among SBFs with two different dominant vegetation taxa (small and large root biomass), I hypothesized 3) Juncus patens and tree dominant assemblage (greater root biomass) exhibits greater infiltration compared to the Carex dominant assemblage, 4) the increase in infiltration rate and root characteristics from J-F to M-J is greater in the Juncus compared to the Carex assemblage, and 5) root surface area density (RSAD) within Juncus SBFs shows a positive relationship with infiltration rate in late spring. I measured infiltration rate from January 2014 to February 2015 and root characteristics from January-February (J-F) and May-June (M-J) 2014 among five large-root (Juncus and tree) and five small-root biomass (Carex sp) SBFs. Juncus SBFs showed greater values for three root characteristics during J-F and five root characteristics during M-J 2014 compared to Carex SBFs. Also, Juncus SBFs showed an increase from J-F to M-J 2014 for five root characteristics while Carex SBFs showed no root increase. Juncus SBFs showed a relationship with four root characteristics and Carex SBFs a showed relationship with one root characteristic and infiltration rate. This work strongly suggests plant roots increase infiltration, and thus the primary functions of SBFs. Different root characteristics appear to increase infiltration rate at different depths. Data also show larger-root biomass plants increase infiltration rate to a greater degree than smaller-root biomass plants. I recommend considering several site and facility characteristics when determining the potential for root-enhanced infiltration. When selecting plant species to enhance infiltration, I recommend using several criteria, determining root characteristic ii values at certain depths, considering installation approaches, and accounting for regional climate changes. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Alan Yeakley, for the all the support including the numerous words of wisdom, use of his lab space for my office and root processing and analysis, use of his computers for hydrological analysis, help modeling, and numerous other contributions over the past several years. I would like to also thank Dr. Joseph Maser for his guidance and help in developing my research during the first years of my degree. He was always a steadfast and understanding supporter. I would like to thank Dr. Todd Rosenstiel for steering me in the direction of in situ root and infiltration measurements as this has greatly increased my knowledge of bioretention facilities and my connections in this field. I would like to thank Dr. Shane Latimer who has always generously offered sage advice. He has provided a necessary real-word perspective to my research greatly enhancing its value. I would like to thank Dr. Martin LaFrenz who helped me during the initial phase of my dissertation project. I would like to thank Josh Caplan who provided valuable assistance and advice analyzing roots. Josh also provided numerous phone calls to determine the most scientifically rigorous and valuable methods for representing root characteristics. I would like to thank all the City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Service (BES) personnel who supported this project: Henry Stevens, Tim Kurtz, Denis O’Brien, Jeff Tilton, and Jordan McCann. I would like to thank all the technicians with whom I have worked and who helped me along the way. I am thankful that Liz Olney led the first investigation of root characteristics in Portland bioretention facilities. Alex Desroches was a supportive and iv enthusiastic friend and collected much data and I’m grateful for his help. Steven Murschel has been a stalwart coworker during times when I needed him most and I most grateful to him for that. Jonathan Hawkes provided much enthusiastic work. Mathew Przyborski was always a pleasant and eager person to work with. Chris Parker provided much good advice. I would like to thank the funding sources for this work: Urban Long-Term Research Area (ULTRA, NSF grant number #0948983), Portland State University (PSU) Cascades to Coast GK12 Project (NSF grant number #0948041), the City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Service (BES), and Portland State University. v Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ......................................................................................................................x Chapter 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................1 Chapter 2 Evidence for Root-enhanced Infiltration within in situ Stormwater Bioretention Facilities in Portland, OR .............................................................17 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 17 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 18 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 22 Results ........................................................................................................................... 30 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 51 Chapter 3 Root Characteristics and Infiltration among Stormwater Bioretention Facilities with Different Vegetation Assemblages ............................................................60 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 60 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 62 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 66 Results ........................................................................................................................... 75 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 88 Chapter 4 Management Implications and Summary .........................................................94
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Native​ ​Plant​ ​Identification And​ ​Propagation​ ​Guide
    Native Plant Identification ​ ​ ​ ​ and Propagation Guide ​ ​ ​ ​ UC Berkeley ​ ​ Strawberry Creek Restoration Program ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ by Gino Gresh & Megan Bradley ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Summer 2017 ​ ​ Table of Contents ​ ​ ​ ​ GRASSES, RUSHES, and SEDGES 4 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pacific reed grass Calamagrostis nutkaensis 5 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Deergrass Muhlenbergia rigens 5 ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Purple Needlegrass Nassella pulchra 6 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Common Rush Juncus patens 6 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Santa Barbara Sedge Carex barbarae 7 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Foothill sedge Carex tumulicola 7 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ LOW GROWING HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS 8 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Douglas Iris Iris douglasiana 8 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Coral Bells Heuchera 8 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ Wild ginger Asarum 9 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ Elk clover Aralia californica 9 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Hedge nettle Stachys bullata 10 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Bee plant Scrophularia californica 10 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Cow Parsnip Heracleum lanatum 11 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Woodland strawberry Fragaria fresca 11 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Narrowleaf milkweed Asclepias fascicularis 12 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Sticky Monkey Flower Mimulus aurantiacus 12 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Western chain fern Woodwardia fimbriata 13 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ SMALL/MEDIUM BUSHES 14 ​ ​ Ceanothus Anchor Bay Ceanothus gloriosus 14 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Trailing Snowberry Symphoricarpos mollis 14 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Creambush Holodiscus discolor 15 ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Pink honeysuckle Lonicera hispidula 15 ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Huckleberry Vaccinium ovatum 16 ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ Coffeeberry Frangula californica
    [Show full text]
  • Shared Flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific Islands
    Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist Volume 7 8th California Islands Symposium Article 12 9-25-2014 Island specialists: shared flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific slI ands Sarah E. Ratay University of California, Los Angeles, [email protected] Sula E. Vanderplank Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Dr., Fort Worth, TX, [email protected] Benjamin T. Wilder University of California, Riverside, CA, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan Recommended Citation Ratay, Sarah E.; Vanderplank, Sula E.; and Wilder, Benjamin T. (2014) "Island specialists: shared flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific slI ands," Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 7 , Article 12. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan/vol7/iss1/12 This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist 7, © 2014, pp. 161–220 ISLAND SPECIALISTS: SHARED FLORA OF THE ALTA AND BAJA CALIFORNIA PACIFIC ISLANDS Sarah E. Ratay1, Sula E. Vanderplank2, and Benjamin T. Wilder3 ABSTRACT.—The floristic connection between the mediterranean region of Baja California and the Pacific islands of Alta and Baja California provides insight into the history and origin of the California Floristic Province. We present updated species lists for all California Floristic Province islands and demonstrate the disjunct distributions of 26 taxa between the Baja California and the California Channel Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • CALIFORNIA NATIVE MODERN GARDEN BENEFITS of NATIVE PLANTS This 1000 Sq
    CALIFORNIA NATIVE MODERN GARDEN BENEFITS OF NATIVE PLANTS This 1000 sq. ft. modern front yard garden native succulents arranged in clean lines define this • Saves water exclusively uses plants native to the Los Angeles bold design. Silvery green manzanita shrubs form • Reduces polluted runoff to the ocean area, creating large swaths of color, texture, a natural side hedge. A rain garden captures and • No toxic pesticides/herbicides or fertilizer pattern, and movement that will draw wildlife into infiltrates rainwater from the roof gutter, keeping • Lower maintenance than average gardens your garden. Architectural bunch grasses and this precious resource on site. • Invites wildlife + supports local ecology house Downspouts are directed to the rain garden swale. Existing permeable path. The garden teems with life! Watch 4” of bark mulch as birds, bees, and keeps the plant’s roots 30’ butterflies enjoy cool, locks in moisture the biodiversity of + discourages weeds. your garden. Allow leaf litter to remain in place to build a healthy soil interface for beneficial organisms. An L-shaped rain garden swale is a slight depression that slows water and allows it to infiltrate into the Elegant swaths of soil, storing the water grass sway in on site, recharging the wind. local aquifers, and preventing pollutants from running into sidewalk the ocean. 4’ 4’ 1 CALIFORNIA NATIVE MODERN GARDEN Photo by: Tricia O’Connell Tricia by: Photo TALL Arctostaphylos glauca (Big Berry Manzanita ) 7-12’ H + 7-12’ W / Late Winter Bloom Full Sun / 3 in plan Photo by: Tricia O’Connell Tricia by: Photo O’Connell Tricia by: Photo O’Connell Tricia by: Photo Muhlenbergia rigens (Deergrass) Leymus condensatus ‘Canyon Prince’ Juncus patens (California Gray Rush) MEDIUM 2-4’ H + 4’ W (Canyon Prince Wild Rye) / 3’ H + 3’ W (spreading) 2’ H + 2’ W Sun to Part Shade / 31 in plan Sun to Part Shade / 12 in plan Sun or Shade / 9 in plan Photo by: Tricia O’Connell Tricia by: Photo php?curid=8261491 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.
    [Show full text]
  • Walker Ridge and Bear Valley Area, Lake and Colusa Counties
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Walker Ridge and Bear Valley Area, Lake and Colusa Counties James P. Smith Jr. Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr., "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Walker Ridge and Bear Valley Area, Lake and Colusa Counties" (2018). Botanical Studies. 76. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/76 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE WALKER RIDGE - BEAR VALLEY AREA (LAKE AND COLUSA COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA) Compiled by James P. Smith, Jr. & John O. Sawyer, Jr. Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Tenth Edition: 01 July 2018 Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum • soaproot F E R N S Dichelostemma multiflorum • wild-hyacinth Dichelostemma volubile • snake-lily, twining brodiaea Dipterostemon capitatum ssp. capitatum • blue dicks Aspidotis densa • Indian's dream Hastingsia alba • white-flowered schoenolirion Equisetum arvense • field horsetail Triteleia hyacinthina • white brodiaea Equisetum laevigatum • smooth scouring-rush Triteleia laxa • Ithuriel's spear Pellaea andromedifolia var. pubescens • coffee fern Triteleia peduncularis • long-rayed triteleia Pellaea mucronata var.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Diego County 5Th Edition
    cHeckliSt of tHe vaScUlaR PlaNtS of SaN DieGo coUNty 5th edition Pinus torreyana subsp. torreyana Downingia concolor var. brevior Thermopsis californica var. semota Pogogyne abramsii Hulsea californica Cylindropuntia fosbergii Dudleya brevifolia Chorizanthe orcuttiana Astragalus deanei by Jon P. Rebman and Michael G. Simpson San Diego Natural History Museum and San Diego State University examples of checklist taxa: SPecieS SPecieS iNfRaSPecieS iNfRaSPecieS NaMe aUtHoR RaNk & NaMe aUtHoR Eriodictyon trichocalyx A. Heller var. lanatum (Brand) Jepson {SD 135251} [E. t. subsp. l. (Brand) Munz] Hairy yerba Santa SyNoNyM SyMBol foR NoN-NATIVE, NATURaliZeD PlaNt *Erodium cicutarium (L.) Aiton {SD 122398} red-Stem Filaree/StorkSbill HeRBaRiUM SPeciMeN coMMoN DocUMeNTATION NaMe SyMBol foR PlaNt Not liSteD iN THE JEPSON MANUAL †Rhus aromatica Aiton var. simplicifolia (Greene) Conquist {SD 118139} Single-leaF SkunkbruSH SyMBol foR StRict eNDeMic TO SaN DieGo coUNty §§Dudleya brevifolia (Moran) Moran {SD 130030} SHort-leaF dudleya [D. blochmaniae (Eastw.) Moran subsp. brevifolia Moran] 1B.1 S1.1 G2t1 ce SyMBol foR NeaR eNDeMic TO SaN DieGo coUNty §Nolina interrata Gentry {SD 79876} deHeSa nolina 1B.1 S2 G2 ce eNviRoNMeNTAL liStiNG SyMBol foR MiSiDeNtifieD PlaNt, Not occURRiNG iN coUNty (Note: this symbol used in appendix 1 only.) ?Cirsium brevistylum Cronq. indian tHiStle i checklist of the vascular plants of san Diego county 5th edition by Jon p. rebman and Michael g. simpson san Diego natural history Museum and san Diego state university publication of: san Diego natural history Museum san Diego, california ii Copyright © 2014 by Jon P. Rebman and Michael G. Simpson Fifth edition 2014. isBn 0-918969-08-5 Copyright © 2006 by Jon P.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Identification of Younger Lagoon Reserve
    Plant Identification of Younger Lagoon Reserve A guide written by Rebecca Evans with help from Dr. Karen Holl, Elizabeth Howard, and Timothy Brown 1 Table of Contents Introduction to Plant Identification ............................................................................................. 3 Plant Index ................................................................................................................................. 6 Botanical Terminology ............................................................................................................. 12 Habits, Stem Conditions, Root Types ................................................................................ 12 Leaf Parts .......................................................................................................................... 13 Stem Features .................................................................................................................... 14 Leaf Arrangements ............................................................................................................ 16 Leaf Shape ........................................................................................................................ 18 Leaf Margins and Venation ............................................................................................... 20 Flowers and Inflorescences ................................................................................................ 21 Grasses .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Resources Assessment Biological Resources Assessment City of Shasta Lake Wastewater Treatment Facility Upgrade
    APPENDIX D BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT CITY OF SHASTA LAKE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY UPGRADE NOVEMBER 2014 PREPARED FOR: City of Shasta Lake 1650 Stanton Drive Shasta Lake, CA 96019 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT CITY OF SHASTA LAKE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY UPGRADE NOVEMBER 2014 PREPARED FOR: City of Shasta Lake 1650 Stanton Drive Shasta Lake, CA 96019 PREPARED BY: Analytical Environmental Services 1801 7th Street, Suite 100 Sacramento, CA 95811 (916) 447-3479 www.analyticalcorp.com TABLE OF CONTENTS BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FOR THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE WWTF UPGRADE PROJECT 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Location and Description ................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Regulatory Overview ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Federal ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 State ............................................................................................................................................. 7 2.3 Local ............................................................................................................................................ 8 3.0 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Check List
    Jug Handle State Natural Preserve Vascular Flora - August 2019 A1 Latin Binomial Common Name FERNS Athyriaceae Athyrium filix-femina lady fern Blechnaceae Struthiopteris spicant deer fern Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aqulinum var. pubescens bracken Dryopteridaceae Polystichum munitum western sword fern Equisetaceae Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii giant horsetail Polypodiaceae Polypodium scouleri leather fern GYMNOSPERMS Cupressaceae Hesperocyparis macrocarpa* Monterey cypress 1B.2 Hesperocyparis pygmaea pygmy cypress Sequoia sempervirens coast redwood Pinaceae Abies grandis grand fir Picea sitchensis Sitka spruce Pinus contorta ssp. contorta shore pine Pinus muricata bishop pine Pinus radiata* Monterey pine Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas-fir Tsuga occidentalis western hemlock MAGNOLIIDS Lauraceae Umbellularia californica California bay EUDICOTS Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa red elderberry Aizoaceae Carpobrotus chilensis* sea-fig Carpobrotus edulis* freeway iceplant Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron diversilobum poison-oak Apiaceae Angelica hendersonii Henderson angelica Daucus carota* wild carrot; Queen Anne's lace Daucus pusillus little wild carrot Eryngium armatum coastal button-celery Oenanthe sarmentosa water parsley Osmorhiza berteroi sweet cicely Sanicula arctopoides footsteps-of-spring Sanicula crassicaulis Pacific snakeroot Yabea microcarpa California yabea Apocynaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium bitter dogbane Aquifoliaceae Ilex aquifolium* English holly Aristolochiaceae Asarum caudatum wild ginger Asteraceae Achillea millefolium
    [Show full text]
  • Southern California LID Manual
    April 2010 Prepared for the Southern California Stormwater Monitoring Coalition, in cooperation with the State Water Resources Control Board, by the Low Impact Development Center, Inc. Funding for this project has been provided in full or in part through an agreement with the State Water Resources Control Board. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the State Water Resources Control Board, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. (Gov. Code 7550, 40 CFR 31.20) 2 Table of Contents List of Figures................................................................................................................................................4 List of Tables.................................................................................................................................................6 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................7 How to Use This Manual...........................................................................................................................8 Section 1: The Impacts of Development and How LID Can Help.................................................................9 Section 2: The LID Site Design Process.....................................................................................................13 Integration with MS4 Permit Requirements........................................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes on Juncus
    Preslia, Praha, 74: 247–266, 2002 247 Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Juncus Taxonomické a nomenklatorické poznámky k rodu Juncus SvenSnogerup1, Peter F. Zika2 & JanKirschner3 1 Botanical Museum, Ö. Vallgatan 18, S-22361 Lund, Sweden, e-mail: sven. [email protected]; 2 Herbarium, Dept. of Botany, Box 355325, University of Wash- ington, Seattle, WA 98195-5325, USA, e-mail: [email protected]; 3 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice 1, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected] Snogerup S., Zika F. P. & Kirschner J. (2002): Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Juncus.– Preslia, Praha, 74: 247–266. New combinations and other nomenclatural notes on the Juncaceae (Juncus sections Iridifolii, Steirochloa and Juncotypus) are proposed within the framework of the preparation of the “Flora of the World” monograph of the family. New combinations are proposed in Juncus prismatocarpus, J. arcticus, J. balticus and J. effusus. On the basis of the new evaluation of Pacific North American plants examined by H. L. Lint in an unpublished thesis, two names are elevated to the species rank (J. hesperius and J. exiguus), and a new species is described (J. laccatus), all related to J. effusus. Keywords: Taxonomy, nomenclature, Juncaceae, Juncus sect. Iridifolii, sect. Ozophyllum, sect. Steirochloa, sect. Juncotypus Introduction The monographic account of the Juncaceae is being prepared for publication in the series “Species Plantarum – Flora of the World” (Kirschner et al. 2002). Nomenclatural changes (new names, new combinations etc.) are not accepted in the series, and should be pub- lished separately, together with explanatory notes. A number of notes were published deal- ing with taxa of Luzula and some groups of Juncus (Kirschner & Kaplan 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Plant List for the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Building at 343 Second St., Los Altos, California
    Plant List for The David and Lucile Packard Foundation Building at 343 Second St., Los Altos, California California Drought Botanical Name Common Name Native‡ Tolerant Photo Shrubs * Anemone japonica Japanese Anemone Arctostaphylos bakeri 'Louis Edmunds' Manzanita 33 photo not available * Arctostaphylos uva ursi 'Point Reyes' Bearberry 33 Carpenteria californica 'Elizabeth' Bush Anemone 33 Ceanothus 'Concha' Wild Lilac 33 photo not available * Ceanothus griseus horizontalis Carmel Creeper 33 Landscape Design by Joni L. Janecki Associates ‡ or Native Cultivar * Photo courtesy of Joni L. Janecki & Assoc., Inc. 1 of 10 Plant List for The David and Lucile Packard Foundation Building at 343 Second St., Los Altos, California California Drought Botanical Name Common Name Native‡ Tolerant Photo Shrubs * Cornus kousa chinensis Kousa Dogwood * Cornus stolonifera 'Isanti' Red‐Twig Dogwood 3 * Dendromecon rigida Bush Poppy 33 * Fremontodendron californicum Common Flannel Bush 33 * Heuchera maxima Island Alum Root 3 * Iris douglasiana 'Canyon Snow' Pacific Coast Iris 3 Landscape Design by Joni L. Janecki Associates ‡ or Native Cultivar * Photo courtesy of Joni L. Janecki & Assoc., Inc. 2 of 10 Plant List for The David and Lucile Packard Foundation Building at 343 Second St., Los Altos, California California Drought Botanical Name Common Name Native‡ Tolerant Photo Shrubs * Myrica californica Pacific Wax Myrtle 3 * Pittosporum tenuifolium Pittosporum * Ribes sanguineum 'Barrie Coate' Red Flowering Currant 33 * Ribes viburnifolium Evergreen Currant
    [Show full text]