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Digital Media and the Arab Spring Philip N. Howard & Muzammil M
Digital Media and the Arab Spring Philip N. Howard & Muzammil M. Hussain Philip N. Howard is associate professor at the University of Washington. He is the author of The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam (2010). Muzammil M. Hussain is a doctoral student in communication at the University of Washington. As has often been noted in these pages, one world region has been practically untouched by the third wave of democratization: North Africa and the Middle East. The Arab world has lacked not only democracy, but even large popular movements pressing for it. In December 2010 and the first months of 2011, however, this situation changed with stunning speed. Massive and sustained public demonstrations demanding political reform cascaded from Tunis to Cairo, Sana’a, Amman, and Manama. This inspired people in Casablanca, Damascus, Tripoli, and dozens of other cities to take to the streets to call for change. By May, major political casualties littered the ground: Tunisia’s Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali and Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak, two of the region’s oldest dictators, were gone; the Libyan regime of Muammar Qadhafi was battling an armed rebellion that had taken over half the country and attracted NATO help; and several monarchs had sacked their cabinets and committed to constitutional reforms. Governments around the region had sued for peace by promising their citizens hundreds of billions of dollars in new spending of various kinds. Morocco and Saudi Arabia appeared to be fending off serious domestic uprisings, but as of this writing in May 2011, the outcomes for regimes in Bahrain, Jordan, Syria, and Yemen remain far from certain. -
Austria Election Preview: Sebastian Kurz and the Rise of the Austrian ‘Anti-Party’ Page 1 of 4
LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog: Austria election preview: Sebastian Kurz and the rise of the Austrian ‘anti-party’ Page 1 of 4 Austria election preview: Sebastian Kurz and the rise of the Austrian ‘anti-party’ Austria goes to the polls on 15 October, with the centre-right ÖVP, led by 31-year-old Sebastian Kurz, currently ahead in the polls. Jakob-Moritz Eberl, Eva Zeglovits and Hubert Sickinger provide a comprehensive preview of the vote, writing that although polling is consistent with the idea the ÖVP and Kurz are the probable election winners, a noteworthy number of voters are still undecided. Kurz becoming the next chancellor is thus not as set in stone as Angela Merkel’s win in Germany was. Credit: Michael Tholen (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) Austria’s last parliamentary election in September 2013 resulted in two new parties gaining parliamentary representation, the populist Team Stronach (founded by billionaire Frank Stronach) and the liberal NEOS, while the BZÖ, Jörg Haider’s party which was in government between 2002 and 2006, failed to pass the threshold for parliamentary representation. The governing parties, the Social Democrats (SPÖ) and the People’s Party (ÖVP), recorded all-time lows in support, but still formed a coalition after the election. Team Stronach, however, deteriorated into insignificance very soon afterwards. Since then, however, Austrian voters have become increasingly dissatisfied with the performance of the SPÖ- ÖVP government. Eventually, the so-called refugee crisis in 2015 led to the right-wing populist FPÖ surging into first place in the polls. Soon after, in 2016, both government parties suffered a heavy defeat in the presidential elections, when their candidates gained only around 10% of the vote each, and failed to participate in the second, decisive round of the contest. -
ECPR General Conference
13th General Conference University of Wrocław, 4 – 7 September 2019 Contents Welcome from the local organisers ........................................................................................ 2 Mayor’s welcome ..................................................................................................................... 3 Welcome from the Academic Convenors ............................................................................ 4 The European Consortium for Political Research ................................................................... 5 ECPR governance ..................................................................................................................... 6 Executive Committee ................................................................................................................ 7 ECPR Council .............................................................................................................................. 7 University of Wrocław ............................................................................................................... 8 Out and about in the city ......................................................................................................... 9 European Political Science Prize ............................................................................................ 10 Hedley Bull Prize in International Relations ............................................................................ 10 Plenary Lecture ....................................................................................................................... -
Transnational Pirates
Attachment A Tab. A1 Survey Overview Countries Pirate Party Name Status Contacted Response Belgium Pirate Party Belgium Officially registered 1 1 Piratska Partia / Bulgaria Officially registered 1 Пиратска Партия Denmark Piratpartiet Officially registered 1 1 Germany Piratenpartei Deutschland Officially registered 1 1 Finland Piraattipuolue Officially registered 1 1 France Parti Pirate Officially registered 1 1 United Kingdom Pirate Party UK Officially registered 1 1 Italy Partito Pirata Italiano Officially registered 1 Pirate Party of Canada / Canada Officially registered 1 1 Parti Pirate du Canada Catalonia/Spain Pirates de Catalunya Officially registered 1 1 Luxembourg Piratepartei Lëtzebuerg Officially registered 1 1 The Netherlands Piratenpartij Nederland Officially registered 1 Austria Piratenpartei Österreichs Officially registered 1 1 Sweden Piratpartiet Officially registered 1 1 Switzerland Piratenpartei Schweiz Officially registered 1 1 Spain Partido Pirata Officially registered 1 Czech Republic Česká pirátská strana Officially registered 1 1 United States United States Pirate Party Officially registered 1 1 Argentina Partido Pirata Argentino Active group 1 1 Australia Pirate Party Australia Active group 1 Piratska Partija Bosna i Active group Bosnia and Hercegovina / 1 Herzegovina Пиратска Партија Босна и Херцеговина Brazil Partido Pirata do Brasil Active group 1 Chile Partido Pirata de Chile Active group 1 1 El Salvador Partido Pirata de El Salvador Active group 1 Greece Κό !"# Active group 1 Guatemala Partido Pirata Guatemala -
Between Affluence and Influence Examining the Role of Russia and China in Austria
Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies Occasional Paper Between Affluence and Influence Examining the Role of Russia and China in Austria Tessa Szyszkowitz Between Affluence and Influence Examining the Role of Russia and China in Austria Tessa Szyszkowitz RUSI Occasional Paper, July 2020 Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies ii Examining the Role of Russia and China in Austria 189 years of independent thinking on defence and security The Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) is the world’s oldest and the UK’s leading defence and security think tank. Its mission is to inform, influence and enhance public debate on a safer and more stable world. RUSI is a research-led institute, producing independent, practical and innovative analysis to address today’s complex challenges. Since its foundation in 1831, RUSI has relied on its members to support its activities. Together with revenue from research, publications and conferences, RUSI has sustained its political independence for 189 years. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author, and do not reflect the views of RUSI or any other institution. Published in 2020 by the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – No-Derivatives 4.0 International Licence. For more information, see <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/>. RUSI Occasional Paper, July 2020. ISSN 2397-0286 (Online). Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies Whitehall London SW1A 2ET United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7747 2600 www.rusi.org RUSI is a registered charity (No. -
Digital Democracy: the Tools Transforming Political Engagement
Digital Democracy The tools transforming political engagement Julie Simon, Theo Bass, Victoria Boelman and Geoff Mulgan February 2017 nesta.org.uk Acknowledgements ThisThis work work would containsnot have been statistical possible without data fromthe support ONS of which many people is Crown and Copyright. The organisations.use of the ONS statistical data in this work does not imply the endorsement Weof are the extremely ONS gratefulin relation for the to support the interpretation of the MacArthur orFoundation analysis Research of the Networkstatistical on data.Opening This Governance work uses who fundedresearch this studydatasets and provided which helpfulmay notinsight exactly and expertise reproduce throughoutNational the Statisticsprocess. aggregates. We would also like to thank all those who gave up their time to speak with us about the digital democracy initiatives with which they are involved: Miguel Arana Catania, Davide Barillari, Matthew Bartlett, Yago Bermejo, Róbert Bjarnason, Ari Brodach, Diego Cunha, Kevin Davies, Thibaut Dernoncourt, Christiano Ferri Soares de Faria, Ben Fowkes, Roslyn Fuller, Raimond Garcia, Gunnar Grímsson, Hille Hinsberg, Chia-Liang Kao, Joseph Kim, Joël Labbé, Smári McCarthy, Colin Megill, Felipe Munoz, Razak Musah, Nicolas Patte, Teele Pehk, Joonas Pekkanen, Jinsun Lee, Clémence Pène, Maarja-Leena Saar, Tom Shane, ArnaldurAcknowledgements Sigurðarson, Audrey Tang, and Sjöfn Vilhelmsdóttir. Finally, the insightful comments of our peer reviewers on the draft of this report were Johanna Bolhoven, Gail Caig, Caroline Norbury and Dawn Payne at Creative England have invaluable in helping shape the final outcome: Stefaan Verhulst, Cristiano Ferri Soares de contributed valuable input and feedback to the project from its beginning. Federico Cilauro and Faria, Eddie Copeland. -
Monitor Electoral
AUSTRIA GIRA A LA DERECHA: ANÁLISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS DE LAS ELECCIONES GENERALES DEL 15 DE OCTUBRE DE 2017 19 DE OCTUBRE DE 2017 MONITOR ELECTORAL Fuente: Aljazeera Balkans ANÁLISIS E INVESTIGACIÓN El 15 de octubre de 2017 se celebraron elecciones generales anticipadas en Austria como resultado de la crisis en la coalición gobernante, conformada por el Partido Socialdemócrata (SPÖ) y el Partido Popular Austriaco (ÖVP), misma que llevó a la dimisión de sus principales dirigentes y al fortalecimiento del ultraderechista Partido de la Libertad (FPÖ). Las elecciones se llevaron a cabo en un contexto de crisis política que contribuyó al triunfo de los conservadores y nacionalistas defensores de políticas anti inmigrantes, xenófobas y racistas, en detrimento de los socialdemócratas y liberales pro europeos. 1 MONITOR ELECTORAL Introducción Las recientes elecciones generales celebradas en distintos países europeos han estado marcadas por el auge de los partidos radicales de derecha, mismos que han conseguido obtener escaños dentro de los Parlamentos y de esta manera intervenir en el rumbo de las políticas nacionales. En Austria, la coalición conformada por el Partido Socialdemócrata (SPÖ, por sus siglas en alemán) y el Partido Popular Austriaco (ÖVP, por sus siglas en alemán) que gobernó al país después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, de 1945 a 1966, y desde 2007 hasta la actualidad, comenzó a fracturarse debido a la diferencia de posturas en temas fundamentales, tales como migración, educación y política fiscal, además de que al interior de cada partido surgió una fuerte lucha de poder que dividió a sus integrantes. Esta crisis política fue aprovechada por el ultranacionalista Partido de la Libertad (FPÖ, por sus siglas en alemán), el cual se benefició de la pérdida de confianza por parte de los ciudadanos austriacos hacia los partidos tradicionales, así como del temor surgido a consecuencia de la llegada masiva de migrantes, del aumento del desempleo y del constante choque entre los miembros del Gobierno. -
Winds of Democratic Change in the Mediterranean? Processes, Actors and Possible Outcomes
Stefania Panebianco and Rosa Rossi Winds of Democratic Change in the Mediterranean? Processes, Actors and Possible Outcomes Rubbettino !is project has been funded with support from the European Commission. !is publication re"ects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Cover Photograph by Salvatore Tomarchio/StudioTribbù, Acireale (CT) © 2012 - Rubbettino Editore 88049 Soveria Mannelli Viale Rosario Rubbettino, 10 tel (0968) 6664201 www.rubbettino.it Contents Contributors ! Acknowledgements "# Foreword by Amb. Klaus Ebermann "$ Introduction: Winds of Democratic Change in MENA Countries? Rosa Rossi "! %&'( " Democratization Processes: !eoretical and Empirical Issues ". !e Problem of Democracy in the MENA Region Davide Grassi #$ ). Of Middle Classes, Economic Reforms and Popular Revolts: Why Democratization !eory Failed, Again Roberto Roccu *" #. Equal Freedom and Equality of Opportunity Ian Carter +# ,. Tolerance without Values Fabrizio Sciacca !- $. EU Bottom-up Strategies of Democracy Promotion in Middle East and North Africa Rosa Rossi ".- *. Religion and Democratization: an Assessment of the Turkish Model Luca Ozzano "#" 6 %&'( ) Actors of Democracy Promotion: the Intertwining of Domestic and International Dimensions -. Democratic Turmoil in the MENA Area: Challenges for the EU as an External Actor of Democracy Promotion Stefania Panebianco "$" +. !e Role of Parliamentary Bodies, Sub-State Regions, and Cities in the Democratization of the Southern Mediterranean Rim Stelios Stavridis, Roderick Pace and Paqui Santonja "-" !. !e United States and Democratization in the Middle East: From the Clinton Administration to the Arab Spring Maria Do Céu Pinto )." ".. From Turmoil to Dissonant Voices: the Web in the Tunisian !awra Daniela Melfa and Guido Nicolosi )"$ "". -
General Elections in Austria 15Th October 2017
General elections in Austria 15th October 2017 Results of the general elections on 15th October 2017 in Austria Turnout: 79,5% 2 Political Parties No of votes won % of votes cast No of seats Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP) 1 587 826 31,5 62 Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) 1 353 481 26,9 52 Liberal Party (FPÖ) 1 311 358 26 51 NEOS – New Austria 265 217 5,3 10 Peter Pilz List 220 656 4,4 8 The Greens-Alternative Green(DG) 190 092 3,8 0 Others 136 314 2,10 0 Source: Home Affairs Ministry https://wahl17.bmi.gv.at “Voters have given us important responsibilities. We everything now points towards the return of the FPÖ have to be aware of this and we must also be aware of to office eleven years after being thrown out. An the hope that we represent. There is much to be done. alliance between the ÖVP and the FPÖ indeed seems We have to introduce a new style of politics in Austria. to be the most likely hypothesis. Sebastian Kurz I want to try with all my might to bring change to the has never hidden the fact that he has sympathies country,” declared Sebastian Kurz when the results with the populists, notably regarding the migratory were announced. “We shall form a coalition for the next question, and declared during his campaign that he five years with the party that will enable us to provide was prepared to join forces with the FPÖ to win a the country with the greatest change,” indicated the majority in Parliament. -
WP109 Bouhdiba
African Studies Centre Leiden, The Netherlands Will Sub-Saharan Africa follow North Africa? Backgrounds and preconditions of popular revolt in the light of the ‘Arab spring’ Sofiane Bouhdiba ASC Working Paper 109/2013 University of Tunis 1 African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands Telephone +31 71 5273372 Email [email protected] Website www.ascleiden.nl [email protected] © Sofiane Bouhdiba, 2013 2 INTRODUCTION 1 The year 2011 has undeniably been a special one for the African continent. On 14 January 2011 massive street protests in Tunisia ousted President Z. Ben Ali, a long-time North African leader, 2 leading to what has been called the ‘Jasmine Revolution’. 3 Two weeks later, Egypt successfully engaged in its own revolutionary movement. The totalitarian Libyan regime would end one year later with the brutal death of Mouammar al- Gaddafi on 20 October 2011. In the space of one year and a half, three serving presidents were forced out of office by their own people. In a contagious movement, this seemingly unstoppable wave of revolution inspired popular rebellion movements in other Arab countries. In some of them, such as Algeria, Morocco, or Bahrain, the popular contestation seems to have been abandoned by late 2012, while other countries, such as Yemen and especially Syria, are still today immersed in civil war. In 1992 Samuel Huntington referred to the political liberalization movements in Central Europe as the ‘ third democratic wave in history’.4 In the same spirit, and following the chronology of events, we could consider the Arab Spring as the ‘ fourth wave’ . -
All Parliament's a Stage
SPECIAL REPORT All Parliament’s a Stage On October 15, Austrians will head to the polls to t’s late September and posters of elect a new parliament – in election. FPÖ campaign volunteer Reinhard high drama, in vivid colors, suddenly Wansch, 33, puts succinctly why he appear all over Vienna. They show the most elaborate piece supports his party: “I know that I can count heroic poses and arcane tokens, of theater the Alpine on H.C. Strache and the FPÖ. Much in this heralding tales of intrigue and country is just unfair, particularly toward us passion, power and righteousness. Eagerly Republic has on offer Austrians, and the FPÖ is the only party that Iawaited by the Viennese, the magic flute wants to change that.” BY BENJAMIN WOLF gleams from the billboards, promising a new The 2016 nail-biter presidential election and stunning staging of Mozart’s beloved brought home this momentous shift when, opera Die Zauberflöte,premiering this fall. erstwhile leader Jörg Haider, who led them for the first time in the history of the Second And right next to them, the new election into two governments before splitting off to Republic, both candidates of the main posters, aiming to carry Austrians off in their found his own short-lived BZÖ, it fell to parties were eliminated in the first round. very own world of make-believe. Faced with “H.C.” to painstakingly rebuild the FPÖ The final runoff pitted the Freedom Party’s the most important legislative elections in a brand. After ten years of railing against the Norbert Hofer against the independent decade, Austrian voters find themselves on a eternal Grand Coalition, reinstituted in (former Green) Alexander Van der Bellen. -
Nationalratswahl“
ORF. WIE WIR. Videoarchive zu zeit- und kulturhistorischen Themen für den Unterricht „ORF-TVthek goes school“ Videoarchiv: „Nationalratswahl“ Videohighlights aus dem ORF-Archiv zurückgehend bis ins Jahr 1955 sind rund um die Nationalratswahl zusammengestellt worden. Historische Wahlberichte sind hier ebenso abrufbar wie fast schon zum Kult gewordene "ORF-Wahlfahrt" mit Frank Stronach. Die Inhalte des Videoarchivs im Detail: Titel und kurze inhaltliche Beschreibung Sendung Dauer Erstausstrahlung Highlights TV-Diskussionen Elefantenrunde 1999 Wahl 99 Konfrontationen 01:55:13 30.09.1999 Kurz vor der Wahl 1999 diskutierten die Kandidaten Viktor Klima, Wolfgang Schüssel, Jörg Haider, Heide Schmidt und Alexander Van der Bellen. "Elefantenrunde" 2002 Wahl 02 Wahldiskussion 01:58:59 21.11.2002 Zum Abschluss der TV-Konfrontationen zur Wahl 2002 diskutierten die Spitzenkandidaten Herbert Haupt, Alfred Gusenbauer, Wolfgang Schüssel und Alexander Van der Bellen. TV-Duell Klima – Haider Wahl 95 00:59:46 01.12.1995 Verhärtete Fronten gab es bei der TV-Konfrontation zur Nationalratswahl 1995 zwischen Viktor Klima von der SPÖ und Jörg Haider von der FPÖ. TV-Duelle 2008 Wahl 08 Konfrontationen 00:04:27 21.08.2008 Laut Experten sind Fernsehdiskussionen für die Entscheidungsfindung besonders wichtig. In zehn Duellen trafen 2008 die Spitzenkandidaten aller fünf Parlamentsparteien im Hauptabendprogramm aufeinander. TV-Duell Gusenbauer – Schüssel Wahl 02 00:02:42 15.11.2002 Das TV-Duell zwischen den beiden Spitzenkandidaten Wolfgang Schüssel und Alfred Gusenbauer lockte bis zu zwei Millionen Menschen vor den Fernseher. 2 TV-Duell Vranitzky – Haider Wahl 94 - Der Runde Tisch 01:14:30 21.09.1994 Bei der Wahl-Konfrontation im Jahre 1994 zwischen Franz Vranitzky und Jörg Haider ging es um die Themen Sicherheits- und Umweltpolitik, Wohnbau und Ausländer.