Analytic Kantianism
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Individualism, Structuralism, and Climate Change
1 2 3 Individualism, Structuralism, and Climate Change 4 5 Michael Brownstein 6 Alex Madva 7 Daniel Kelly 8 9 10 Abstract 11 12 Scholars and activists working on climate change often distinguish between “individual” and 13 “structural” approaches to decarbonization. The former concern behaviors and consumption 14 choices individual citizens can make to reduce their “personal carbon footprint” (e.g., eating less 15 meat). The latter concern institutions that shape collective action, focusing instead on state and 16 national laws, industrial policies, and international treaties. While the distinction between 17 individualism and structuralism—the latter of which we take to include “institutional”, “systemic”, 18 and “collectivist” approaches—is intuitive and ubiquitous, the two approaches are often portrayed 19 as oppositional, as if one or the other is the superior route to decarbonization. We argue instead for 20 a more symbiotic conception of structural and individual reform. 21 22 23 1. Introduction 24 Scholars and activists working on climate change often distinguish between “individual” and 25 “structural” approaches to decarbonization. The former concern behaviors and consumption 26 choices individual citizens can make to reduce their “personal carbon footprint” (e.g., eating less 27 meat). The latter concern institutions that shape collective action, focusing instead on state and 28 national laws, industrial policies, and international treaties. While the distinction between 29 individualism and structuralism—the latter of which we take to include “institutional”, “systemic”, 30 and “collectivist” approaches—is intuitive and ubiquitous, the two approaches are often portrayed 31 as oppositional, as if one or the other is the superior route to decarbonization. -
Kant's Categorical Imperative: an Unspoken Factor in Constitutional Rights Balancing, 31 Pepp
UIC School of Law UIC Law Open Access Repository UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship 1-1-2004 Kant's Categorical Imperative: An Unspoken Factor in Constitutional Rights Balancing, 31 Pepp. L. Rev. 949 (2004) Donald L. Beschle The John Marshall Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.uic.edu/facpubs Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Law and Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Donald L. Beschle, Kant's Categorical Imperative: An Unspoken Factor in Constitutional Rights Balancing, 31 Pepp. L. Rev. 949 (2004). https://repository.law.uic.edu/facpubs/119 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UIC Law Open Access Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of UIC Law Open Access Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kant's Categorical Imperative: An Unspoken Factor in Constitutional Rights Balancing Donald L. Beschle TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. CONSTITUTIONAL BALANCING: A BRIEF OVERVIEW III. THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE: TREATING PEOPLE AS ENDS IV. THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE AS A FACTOR IN CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS CASES V. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION In 1965, the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Griswold v. Connecticut,' invalidating a nearly century old statute that criminalized the use of contraceptives, even by married couples, "for the purpose of preventing conception."2 Griswold injected new life into the largely 3 dormant notion that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment could effectively protect substantive individual rights, beyond those specifically enumerated in the Constitution, against state legislative action. -
Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of Chemistry
Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of Chemistry Jaap van Brakel Abstract: In this paper I assess the relation between philosophy of chemistry and (general) philosophy of science, focusing on those themes in the philoso- phy of chemistry that may bring about major revisions or extensions of cur- rent philosophy of science. Three themes can claim to make a unique contri- bution to philosophy of science: first, the variety of materials in the (natural and artificial) world; second, extending the world by making new stuff; and, third, specific features of the relations between chemistry and physics. Keywords : philosophy of science, philosophy of chemistry, interdiscourse relations, making stuff, variety of substances . 1. Introduction Chemistry is unique and distinguishes itself from all other sciences, with respect to three broad issues: • A (variety of) stuff perspective, requiring conceptual analysis of the notion of stuff or material (Sections 4 and 5). • A making stuff perspective: the transformation of stuff by chemical reaction or phase transition (Section 6). • The pivotal role of the relations between chemistry and physics in connection with the question how everything fits together (Section 7). All themes in the philosophy of chemistry can be classified in one of these three clusters or make contributions to general philosophy of science that, as yet , are not particularly different from similar contributions from other sci- ences (Section 3). I do not exclude the possibility of there being more than three clusters of philosophical issues unique to philosophy of chemistry, but I am not aware of any as yet. Moreover, highlighting the issues discussed in Sections 5-7 does not mean that issues reviewed in Section 3 are less im- portant in revising the philosophy of science. -
1 on Reasonable Hope Dana Howard Prepared for the Political Theory
On Reasonable Hope Dana Howard Prepared for the Political Theory Workshop Ohio State University Abstract: John Rawls has argued that one of the aims of a theory of justice is to offer us reasonable hope for a just future. But what makes hope reasonable? And is it misguided to think that reasonable hope is a proper aim of political philosophy? In this paper, I trace the development of Rawls’s conception of reasonable hope by looking more closely at his treatment of Immanuel Kant’s conceptions of Reasonable Faith and of philosophy as Apologia. The idea of reasonable hope goes beyond the weaker kind of “reconciliation” put forward by Rousseau’s account of a conjectural history. It is one thing to believe, with Rousseau, that our deep natures are not incompatible with the possibility of a just society. It is something further to harbor any hope for this in the future. I argue that this temporal aspect, which is built into what Kant and Rawls mean by reasonable hope, is a useful approach to the practice of political philosophy. An approach that takes the need for reasonable hope seriously is one that moves political theorizing from a more passive framework of theoretical imagination toward a more active one that entails political anticipation. 1 John Rawls asserts that political philosophy ought to be realistically utopian; that is, it ought to extend what we ordinarily take to be “the limits of practical political possibility.”1 On his view, a realistic utopia makes us aware of certain available political and social alternatives that we may have previously thought impossible given our non-ideal circumstances. -
Limits on Bilingualism Revisited: Stress 'Deafness' in Simultaneous French
Cognition 114 (2010) 266–275 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cognition journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/COGNIT Limits on bilingualism revisited: Stress ‘deafness’ in simultaneous French–Spanish bilinguals Emmanuel Dupoux a,*, Sharon Peperkamp a,b, Núria Sebastián-Gallés c a Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 29 Rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France b Département des Sciences du Langage, Université de Paris VIII, Saint-Denis, France c Brain and Cognition Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain article info abstract Article history: We probed simultaneous French–Spanish bilinguals for the perception of Spanish lexical Received 29 September 2008 stress using three tasks, two short-term memory encoding tasks and a speeded lexical deci- Revised 30 September 2009 sion. In all three tasks, the performance of the group of simultaneous bilinguals was inter- Accepted 1 October 2009 mediate between that of native speakers of Spanish on the one hand and French late learners of Spanish on the other hand. Using a composite stress ‘deafness’ index measure computed over the results of the three tasks, we found that the performance of the simul- Keywords: taneous bilinguals is best fitted by a bimodal distribution that corresponds to a mixture of Speech perception the performance distributions of the two control groups. Correlation analyses showed that Simultaneous bilingualism Phonology the variables explaining language dominance are linked to early language exposure. These Stress findings are discussed in light of theories of language processing in bilinguals. Ó 2009 Elsevier B.V. -
Kant's Schematized Categories and the Possibility of Metaphysics
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PhilPapers Metaphysics Renewed: Kant’s Schematized Categories and the Possibility of Metaphysics Paul Symington ABSTRACT: This article considers the significance of Kant’s schematized categories in the Critique of Pure Reason for contemporary metaphysics. I present Kant’s understanding of the schematism and how it functions within his critique of the limits of pure reason. Then I argue that, although the true role of the schemata is a relatively late development in Kant’s thought, it is nevertheless a core notion, and the central task of the first Critique can be suf- ficiently articulated in the language of the schematism. A surprising result of Kant’s doctrine of the schematism is that a limited form of metaphysics is possible even within the parameters set out in the first Critique. To show this, I offer contrasting examples of legitimate and illegitimate forays into metaphysics in light of the condition of the schematized categories. LTHOUGH SCHOLARSHIP ON KANT has traditionally focused on Kant’s ATranscendental Deduction of the a priori categories, the significance and de- velopment of his schematized categories is attracting more recent attention.1 Despite interpretive difficulties concerning the schemata and its place in the overall project of the Critique of Pure Reason (henceforth, CPR), it is becoming clear that Kant’s schematized categories offer a key insight into the task of the Transcendental Doc- trine of Elements and nicely connect these purposes with John Locke’s emphasis on experience-grounded knowledge.2 I want to echo the judgment that this curious and somewhat interpolated doctrine is valuable for grasping Kant’s attempt at carving out a niche between doggedly empirical and rational considerations. -
Kant's Theory of Knowledge and Hegel's Criticism
U.Ü. FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER DERGİSİ Yıl: 2, Sayı: 2, 2000-2001 KANT’S THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE AND HEGEL’S CRITICISM A. Kadir ÇÜÇEN* ABSTRACT Kant inquires into the possibility, sources, conditions and limits of knowledge in the tradition of modern philosophy. Before knowing God, being and reality, Kant, who aims to question what knowledge is, explains the content of pure reason. He formalates a theory of knowledge but his theory is neither a rationalist nor an empiricist theory of knowledge. He investigates the structure of knowledge, the possible conditions of experience and a priori concepts and categories of pure reason; so he makes a revolution like that of Copernicus . Hegel, who is one of proponents of the German idealism, criticizes the Kantian theory of knowledge for “wanting to know before one knows”. For Hegel, Kant’s a priori concepts and categories are meaningless and empty. He claims that the unity of subject and object has been explained in that of the “Absolute”. Therefore, the theory of knowledge goes beyond the dogmatism of the “thing-in- itself” and the foundations of mathematics and natural sciences; and reaches the domain of absolute knowledge. Hegel’s criticism of Kantian theory of knowledge opens new possibilities for the theory of knowledge in our age. ÖZET Kant’ın Bilgi Kuramı ve Hegel’in Eleştirisi Modern felsefe geleneği çerçevesinde Kant, bilginin imkânını, kaynağını, kapsamını ve ölçütlerini ele alarak, doğru bilginin sınırlarını irdelemiştir. Tanrı’yı, varlığı ve gerçekliği bilmeden önce, bilginin neliğini sorgulamayı kendine amaç edinen Kant, saf aklın içeriğini incelemiştir. Saf aklın a priori kavram ve kategorilerini, deneyin görüsünü ve bilgi yapısını veren, fakat ne usçu ne de deneyci * Uludag University, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Dept. -
Aristotle's Anticommunism Author(S): Darrell Dobbs Source: American Journal of Political Science, Vol
Aristotle's Anticommunism Author(s): Darrell Dobbs Source: American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Feb., 1985), pp. 29-46 Published by: Midwest Political Science Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2111210 Accessed: 10/12/2010 23:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mpsa. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Midwest Political Science Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Political Science. http://www.jstor.org Aristotle'sAnticommunism DarrellDobbs, Universityof Houston This essayexamines Aristotle's critical review of Plato's Republic,the focus of whichreview is restricted,surprisingly, to Socrates'communistic political institutions; Aristotle hardly men- tionsany of theother important themes developed in thedialogue. -
Kant's Critique of Judgment and the Scientific Investigation of Matter
Kant’s Critique of Judgment and the Scientific Investigation of Matter Daniel Rothbart, Irmgard Scherer Abstract: Kant’s theory of judgment establishes the conceptual framework for understanding the subtle relationships between the experimental scientist, the modern instrument, and nature’s atomic particles. The principle of purposive- ness which governs judgment has also a role in implicitly guiding modern experimental science. In Part 1 we explore Kant’s philosophy of science as he shows how knowledge of material nature and unobservable entities is possible. In Part 2 we examine the way in which Kant’s treatment of judgment, with its operating principle of purposiveness, enters into his critical project and under- lies the possibility of rational science. In Part 3 we show that the centrality given to judgment in Kant’s conception of science provides philosophical in- sight into the investigation of atomic substances in modern chemistry. Keywords : Kant , judgment , purposiveness , experimentation , investigation of matter . Introduction Kant’s philosophy of science centers on the problem of how it is possible to acquire genuine knowledge of unobservable entities, such as atoms and molecules. “What and how much can the understanding and reason know apart from all experience?” ( CPuR , Axvii). This raises the question of the role of experiments in the knowability ( Erkennbarkeit ) and the experientiality (Erfahrbarkeit ) of nature. Kant’s insights into the character of scientific experimentation are not given the hearing they deserve. We argue that Kant’s theory of judgment establishes the conceptual framework for understanding the subtle inter- actions between the experimental chemist, the modern chemical instrument, and molecular substance. -
Imagination Bound: a Theoretical Imperative
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Philosophy Philosophy 2016 Imagination Bound: A Theoretical Imperative Robert Michael Guerin University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2016.017 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Guerin, Robert Michael, "Imagination Bound: A Theoretical Imperative" (2016). Theses and Dissertations-- Philosophy. 8. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/philosophy_etds/8 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Philosophy by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. -
The Analytic-Synthetic Distinction and the Classical Model of Science: Kant, Bolzano and Frege
Synthese (2010) 174:237–261 DOI 10.1007/s11229-008-9420-9 The analytic-synthetic distinction and the classical model of science: Kant, Bolzano and Frege Willem R. de Jong Received: 10 April 2007 / Revised: 24 July 2007 / Accepted: 1 April 2008 / Published online: 8 November 2008 © The Author(s) 2008. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract This paper concentrates on some aspects of the history of the analytic- synthetic distinction from Kant to Bolzano and Frege. This history evinces con- siderable continuity but also some important discontinuities. The analytic-synthetic distinction has to be seen in the first place in relation to a science, i.e. an ordered system of cognition. Looking especially to the place and role of logic it will be argued that Kant, Bolzano and Frege each developed the analytic-synthetic distinction within the same conception of scientific rationality, that is, within the Classical Model of Science: scientific knowledge as cognitio ex principiis. But as we will see, the way the distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments or propositions functions within this model turns out to differ considerably between them. Keywords Analytic-synthetic · Science · Logic · Kant · Bolzano · Frege 1 Introduction As is well known, the critical Kant is the first to apply the analytic-synthetic distinction to such things as judgments, sentences or propositions. For Kant this distinction is not only important in his repudiation of traditional, so-called dogmatic, metaphysics, but it is also crucial in his inquiry into (the possibility of) metaphysics as a rational science. Namely, this distinction should be “indispensable with regard to the critique of human understanding, and therefore deserves to be classical in it” (Kant 1783, p. -
Episteme IS FOUNDATIONAL a PRIORI JUSTIFICATION INDISPENSABLE?
Episteme http://journals.cambridge.org/EPI Additional services for Episteme: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here IS FOUNDATIONAL A PRIORI JUSTIFICATION INDISPENSABLE? Ted Poston Episteme / Volume 10 / Issue 03 / September 2013, pp 317 - 331 DOI: 10.1017/epi.2013.25, Published online: 07 August 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1742360013000257 How to cite this article: Ted Poston (2013). IS FOUNDATIONAL A PRIORI JUSTIFICATION INDISPENSABLE?. Episteme, 10, pp 317-331 doi:10.1017/epi.2013.25 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/EPI, IP address: 108.195.178.103 on 23 Aug 2013 Episteme, 10, 3 (2013) 317–331 © Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/epi.2013.25 is foundational a priori justification indispensable? ted poston1 [email protected] abstract Laurence BonJour’s (1985) coherence theory of empirical knowledge relies heavily on a traditional foundationalist theory of a priori knowledge. He argues that a foundationalist, rationalist theory of a priori justication is indispensable for a coherence theory. BonJour (1998) continues this theme, arguing that a traditional account of a priori justication is indispensable for the justication of putative a priori truths, the justication of any non-observational belief and the justication of reasoning itself. While BonJour’s indispensability arguments have received some critical discussion (Gendler 2001; Harman 2001; Beebe 2008), no one has inves- tigated the indispensability arguments from a coherentist perspective. This perspec- tive offers a fruitful take on BonJour’s arguments, because he does not appreciate the depth of the coherentist alternative to the traditional empiricist-rationalist debate.