Invaders of Pollination Networks in the Galápagos
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Ensemble Models Predict Invasive Bee Habitat Suitability Will Expand Under Future Climate Scenarios in Hawai’I
insects Article Ensemble Models Predict Invasive Bee Habitat Suitability Will Expand under Future Climate Scenarios in Hawai’i Jesse A. Tabor 1,2 and Jonathan B. Koch 3,4,* 1 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawai’i, 200 W. Kawili¯ Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA 3 Tropical Conservation Biology & Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawai’i, Hilo, 200 W. Kawili¯ Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA 4 Pollinating Insect—Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, 1410 N. 800 E., Logan, UT 84341, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Climate change exacerbates the threat of biological invasions by increasing climatically suitable regions for species to invade outside of their native range. Island ecosystems may be particularly sensitive to the synergistic effects of climate change and biological invasions. In Hawai’i there are 21 non-native bees that have the capacity to spread pathogens and compete for resources with native bees. We performed an ensemble of species distribution models (SDM) for eight non-native bee species (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Hawai’i to predict climatically suitable niches across current and future climate scenarios. We found a significant difference in habitat suitability between SDMs that were constructed with specimen records from their native and non- native (Hawai’i) range. Although SDMs predict expansion of suitable habitat into higher elevations under 2070 climate scenarios, species-rich areas are predicted to stay below 500 m elevation. -
Assessing the Presence and Distribution of 23 Hawaiian Yellow-Faced Bee Species on Lands Adjacent to Military Installations on O‘Ahu and Hawai‘I Island
The Hawai`i-Pacific Islands Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit & Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA Dr. David C. Duffy, Unit Leader Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way, St. John #408 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Technical Report 185 Assessing the presence and distribution of 23 Hawaiian yellow-faced bee species on lands adjacent to military installations on O‘ahu and Hawai‘i Island September 2013 Karl N. Magnacca1 and Cynthia B. A. King 2 1 Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Botany, 3190 Maile Way Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822 2 Hawaii Division of Forestry & Wildlife Native Invertebrate Program 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 325 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 PCSU is a cooperative program between the University of Hawai`i and U.S. National Park Service, Cooperative Ecological Studies Unit. Author Contact Information: Karl N. Magnacca. Phone: 808-554-5637 Email: [email protected] Hawaii Division of Forestry & Wildlife Native Invertebrate Program 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 325 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813. Recommended Citation: Magnacca, K.N. and C.B.A. King. 2013. Assessing the presence and distribution of 23 Hawaiian yellow- faced bee species on lands adjacent to military installations on O‘ahu and Hawai‘i Island. Technical Report No. 185. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. 39 pp. Key words: Hylaeus, Colletidae, Apoidea, Hymenoptera, bees, insect conservation Place key words: Oahu, Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, Puu Waawaa, Mauna Kea, Pohakuloa, North Kona Editor: David C. Duffy, PCSU Unit Leader (Email: [email protected]) Series Editor: Clifford W. Morden, PCSU Deputy Director (Email: [email protected]) About this technical report series: This technical report series began in 1973 with the formation of the Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. -
Megachile Timberlakei Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): Yet Another Adventive Bee Species to the Galápagos Archipelago
Megachile timberlakei Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): Yet another adventive bee species to the Gala´pagos Archipelago Claus Rasmussen (corresponding author), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Bldg. 1540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, [email protected]; Ana L. Carrı´on, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 88(1):98–102, (2012) Scientific Note Megachile timberlakei Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): Yet another adventive bee species to the Gala´pagos Archipelago The Gala´pagos Archipelago is one of the most fascinating settings for a spectacular evolutionary scene, initially enchanting Charles Darwin during his travel with the HMS Beagle in 1835 and later inspiring his theory of evolution by natural selection (Darwin 1859). The insect fauna is limited as expected on a volcanic archipelago separated by a large body of water with more than 1000 km to the nearest mainland, Ecuador. The biological paucity of diversity and abundance was noticed initially by Darwin: ‘‘I took great pains in collecting the insects, but, excepting Tierra del Fuego, I never saw in this respect so poor a country’’ (Darwin 1846:164). Of the insects, the bee fauna from Gala´pagos is well known, with a single endemic carpenter bee abundant on all major islands of the archipelago (Xylocopa darwini Cockerell 1926 (Apidae)). Earlier insect studies have reported only this species and subjected it to several biological studies (e.g., Williams 1926, Linsley 1965, Linsley et al. 1966, Hurd 1978). Considering the apparently well-known bee fauna, it was surprising that a second bee was recently reported (Causton et al. 2006, Gonzalez et al. -
Contrasting Patterns in Species and Functional&
Journal of Applied Ecology 2015, 52, 706–715 doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12433 Contrasting patterns in species and functional-trait diversity of bees in an agricultural landscape Jessica R. K. Forrest1*, Robbin W. Thorp1, Claire Kremen2 and Neal M. Williams1 1Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; and 2Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Summary 1. Land-use change frequently reduces local species diversity. Species losses will often result in loss of trait diversity, with likely consequences for community functioning. However, the converse need not be generally true: management approaches that succeed in retaining species richness could nevertheless fail to maintain trait diversity. We evaluated this possibility using bee communities in a California agroecosystem. 2. We examined among site patterns in bee species diversity and functional-trait diversity in a landscape composed of a mosaic of semi-natural habitat, organic farms and conventional farms. We sampled bees from all three habitat types and compiled a data base of life-history (‘functional’) traits for each species. 3. Although species richness was higher on organic farms than conventional farms, func- tional diversity was lower in both farm types than in natural habitat. Nesting location (below-ground vs. above-ground) was the primary trait contributing to differences in func- tional diversity between farms and natural habitat, reflecting observed differences in availabil- ity of nesting substrates among habitat types. Other traits, including phenology and sociality, were also associated with species’ occurrences or dominance in particular site types. These patterns suggest that management practices common to all farms act as environmental filters that cause similarly low functional diversity in their bee communities. -
Lepidoptera Sphingidae:) of the Caatinga of Northeast Brazil: a Case Study in the State of Rio Grande Do Norte
212212 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 59(4), 2005, 212–218 THE HIGHLY SEASONAL HAWKMOTH FAUNA (LEPIDOPTERA SPHINGIDAE:) OF THE CAATINGA OF NORTHEAST BRAZIL: A CASE STUDY IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE JOSÉ ARAÚJO DUARTE JÚNIOR Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] AND CLEMENS SCHLINDWEIN Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected] ABSTRACT: The caatinga, a thorn-shrub succulent savannah, is located in Northeastern Brazil and characterized by a short and irregular rainy season and a severe dry season. Insects are only abundant during the rainy months, displaying a strong seasonal pat- tern. Here we present data from a yearlong Sphingidae survey undertaken in the reserve Estação Ecológica do Seridó, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Hawkmoths were collected once a month during two subsequent new moon nights, between 18.00h and 05.00h, attracted with a 160-watt mercury vapor light. A total of 593 specimens belonging to 20 species and 14 genera were col- lected. Neogene dynaeus, Callionima grisescens, and Hyles euphorbiarum were the most abundant species, together comprising up to 82.2% of the total number of specimens collected. These frequent species are residents of the caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte. The rare Sphingidae in this study, Pseudosphinx tetrio, Isognathus australis, and Cocytius antaeus, are migratory species for the caatinga. -
Hawk Moths of North America Is Richly Illustrated with Larval Images and Contains an Abundance of Life History Information
08 caterpillars EUSA/pp244-273 3/9/05 6:37 PM Page 244 244 TULIP-TREE MOTH CECROPIA MOTH 245 Callosamia angulifera Hyalophora cecropia RECOGNITION Frosted green with shiny yellow, orange, and blue knobs over top and sides of body. RECOGNITION Much like preceding but paler or Dorsal knobs on T2, T3, and A1 somewhat globular and waxier in color with pale stripe running below set with black spinules. Paired knobs on A2–A7 more spiracles on A1–A10 and black dots on abdomen cylindrical, yellow; knob over A8 unpaired and rounded. lacking contrasting pale rings. Yellow abdominal Larva to 10cm. Caterpillars of larch-feeding Columbia tubercle over A8 short, less than twice as high as broad. Silkmoth (Hyalophora columbia) have yellow-white to Larva to 6cm. Sweetbay Silkmoth (Callosamia securifera) yellow-pink instead of bright yellow knobs over dorsum similar in appearance but a specialist on sweet bay. Its of abdomen and knobs along sides tend to be more white than blue (as in Cecropia) and are yellow abdominal tubercle over A8 is nearly three times as set in black bases (see page 246). long as wide and the red knobs over thorax are cylindrical (see page 246). OCCURRENCE Urban and suburban yards and lots, orchards, fencerows, woodlands, OCCURRENCE Woodlands and forests from Michigan, southern Ontario, and and forests from Canada south to Florida and central Texas. One generation with mature Massachusetts to northern Florida and Mississippi. One principal generation northward; caterpillars from late June through August over most of range. two broods in South with mature caterpillars from early June onward. -
! 2013 Elena Tartaglia ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
!"#$%&" '()*+",+-.+/(0+" 122"3456,7"3'7'38'9" HAWKMOTH – FLOWER INTERACTIONS IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: SPHINGIDAE ECOLOGY, WITH A FOCUS ON THE GENUS HEMARIS By ELENA S. TARTAGLIA A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution written under the direction of Dr. Steven N. Handel and approved by ________________________________________! ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Hawkmoth-Flower Interactions in the Urban Landscape: Sphingidae Ecology, With a Focus on the Genus Hemaris by ELENA S. TARTAGLIA Dissertation Director: Steven N. Handel ! In this dissertation I examined the ecology of moths of the family Sphingidae in New Jersey and elucidated some previously unknown aspects of their behavior as floral visitors. In Chapter 2, I investigated differences in moth abundance and diversity between urban and suburban habitat types. Suburban sites have higher moth abundance and diversity than urban sites. I compared nighttime light intensities across all sites to correlate increased nighttime light intensity with moth abundance and diversity. Urban sites had significantly higher nighttime light intensity, a factor that has been shown to negatively affect the behavior of moths. I analyzed moths’ diets based on pollen grains swabbed from the moths’ bodies. These data were inconclusive due to insufficient sample sizes. In Chapter 3, I examined similar questions regarding diurnal Sphingidae of the genus Hemaris and found that suburban sites had higher moth abundances and diversities than urban sites. -
Influence De La Pluviométrie Et De La Mise En Place Du Barrage De Petit Saut (Guyane Française) Sur La Répartition Des Lépidoptères Sphingidae
INFLUENCE DE LA PLUVIOMÉTRIE ET DE LA MISE EN PLACE DU BARRAGE DE PETIT SAUT (GUYANE FRANÇAISE) SUR LA RÉPARTITION DES LÉPIDOPTÈRES SPHINGIDAE 1 1 1 1 P. CERDAN , R. VIGOUROUX , V. HOREAU & S. RICHARD SUMMARY The family Sphingidae bas an important potential as bio-indicators given the 118 species so far enumerated in French Guiana. For instance, more than 25,000 individuals from 104 species have been captured during 90 monthly censuses between January 1990 and October 1997 in the region of Petit Saut, a low-altitude primary forest. Among these species, seven are considered as uncommon on the site of Petit Saut. Therefore, ca 50 % of the species with a sufficient number of individuals for the analysis (n = 30) display particular character istics: the probability of occurrence differs significantly between months for 14.5 % of them, and for the majority of the species of this farnily seasonal variations in populations abundances are not linked to rainfall, which is usually the most important ecological factor in this environment, temperature being constant in Guianan forest. These fluctuations are therefore due to other factors. The filling of the dam reservoir affected about a third of the species. Adaptations to variations in environmental conditions are not identical across al! species. Certain species were not affected by environmental modifications while others grew up taking advantage of these changes and colonized new biotopes, and others decreased. RÉSUMÉ La famille des Sphingidés a des capacités bio-indicatrices très performantes compte tenu des 118 espèces connues en Guyane française. Par exemple, plus de 25 000 individus appartenant à 104 espèces ont été capturés lors des 90 piégeages mensuels effectués entre janvier 1990 et octobre 1997 dans une zone de forêt primaire de basse altitude dans la région de Petit Saut. -
Non-Native Small Terrestrial Vertebrates in the Galapagos 2 3 Diego F
1 Non-Native Small Terrestrial Vertebrates in the Galapagos 2 3 Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia 4 5 Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Zoología 6 Terrestre & Museo de Zoología, Quito 170901, Ecuador 7 8 King’s College London, Department of Geography, London, UK 9 10 Email address: [email protected] 11 12 13 14 Introduction 15 Movement of propagules of a species from its current range to a new area—i.e., extra-range 16 dispersal—is a natural process that has been fundamental to the development of biogeographic 17 patterns throughout Earth’s history (Wilson et al. 2009). Individuals moving to new areas usually 18 confront a different set of biotic and abiotic variables, and most dispersed individuals do not 19 survive. However, if they are capable of surviving and adapting to the new conditions, they may 20 establish self-sufficient populations, colonise the new areas, and even spread into nearby 21 locations (Mack et al. 2000). In doing so, they will produce ecological transformations in the 22 new areas, which may lead to changes in other species’ populations and communities, speciation 23 and the formation of new ecosystems (Wilson et al. 2009). 24 25 Human extra-range dispersals since the Pleistocene have produced important distribution 26 changes across species of all taxonomic groups. Along our prehistory and history, we have aided 27 other species’ extra-range dispersals either by deliberate translocations or by ecological 28 facilitation due to habitat changes or modification of ecological relationships (Boivin et al. 29 2016). -
Exotic Species and Temporal Variation in Hawaiian Floral Visitation Networks
Exotic Species and Temporal Variation in Hawaiian Floral Visitation Networks By Jennifer Lynn Imamura A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor George Roderick, Chair Professor Claire Kremen Professor Bruce Baldwin Spring 2019 Abstract Exotic Species and Temporal Variation in Hawaiian Floral Visitation Networks by Jennifer Lynn Imamura Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California, Berkeley Professor George Roderick, Chair Many studies have documented the negative impact of invasive species on populations, communities, and ecosystems, although most have focused solely on antagonistic rather than mutualistic interactions. For mutualistic interactions, such as pollination, a key to understanding their impacts is how invasive species interact with native species and alter interaction networks. Chapter 1 explores the impacts of invasive species on islands, particularly in regard to plants, pollinators, and how these exotic species attach to existing pollination interaction networks. Island pollination networks differ from mainland counterparts in several important characteristics, including fewer species, more connectance, and increased vulnerability to both invasion and extinction. A progression of invasion has been previously proposed, through which supergeneralist native species -
DE Wildlife Action Plan
DelawareDelaware WildlifeWildlife ActionAction PlanPlan Keeping Today’s Wildlife from Becoming Tomorrow’s Memory Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control Division of Fish and Wildlife 89 King Highway Dover, Delaware 19901 [email protected] Delaware Wildlife Action Plan 2007 - 2017 Submitted to: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 01035-9589 September, 2006 Submitted by: Olin Allen, Biologist Brianna Barkus, Outreach Coordinator Karen Bennett, Program Manager Cover Photos by: Chris Bennett, Chuck Fullmer, Mike Trumabauer, DE Div. of Fish & Wildlife Delaware Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control 89 Kings Highway Dover DE 19901 Delaware Wildlife Action Plan Acknowledgements This project was funded, in part, through grants from the Delaware Division of Fish & Wildlife with funding from the Division of Federal Assistance, United States Fish & Wildlife Service under the State Wildlife Grants Program; and the Delaware Coastal Programs with funding from the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under award number NA17OZ2329. We gratefully acknowledge the participation of the following individuals: Jen Adkins Sally Kepfer NV Raman Chris Bennett Gary Kreamer Ken Reynolds Melinda Carl Annie Larson Ellen Roca John Clark Wayne Lehman Bob Rufe Rick Cole Jeff Lerner Tom Saladyga Robert Coxe Rob Line Craig Shirey Janet -
Delaware's Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need
CHAPTER 1 DELAWARE’S WILDLIFE SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED CHAPTER 1: Delaware’s Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Regional Context ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Delaware’s Animal Biodiversity .................................................................................................................... 10 State of Knowledge of Delaware’s Species ................................................................................................... 10 Delaware’s Wildlife and SGCN - presented by Taxonomic Group .................................................................. 11 Delaware’s 2015 SGCN Status Rank Tier Definitions................................................................................. 12 TIER 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 TIER 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 TIER 3 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Mammals ....................................................................................................................................................