2016 Butterfly Summary Report
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NORTH EAST ENGLAND BRANCH BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION BUTTERFLY SUMMARY 2016 North East England Compiled by Ian J Waller, Michael Perkins & Roger Norman Butterfly Conservation CONTENTS Page number Contents Page ................................................................... Inside front cover Recorders’ Review ........................................................................................ 3 Weather Summary ........................................................................................ 5 Species Accounts: 2016 ............................................................................... 7 Dingy Skipper Erynnis tages ...................................................................... 7 Small Skipper Thymelicus sylvestris .......................................................... 8 Essex Skipper Thymelicus lineola ............................................................ 10 Large Skipper Ochlodes sylvanus ............................................................ 11 Orange-tip Anthocharis cardamines ......................................................... 12 Large White Pieris brassicae .................................................................... 13 Small White Pieris rapae .......................................................................... 14 Green-veined White Pieris napi ................................................................ 15 Clouded Yellow Colias croceus ................................................................ 17 Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni .................................................................. 17 Wall Lasiommata megera ......................................................................... 18 Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria ............................................................. 19 Large Heath Coenonympha tullia ............................................................. 20 Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus .................................................... 21 Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus ............................................................... 22 Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina ................................................................ 23 Gatekeeper Pyronia tithonus .................................................................... 24 Marbled White Melanargia galathea ......................................................... 24 Grayling Hipparchia semele ..................................................................... 25 Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria selene .......................................... 26 Dark Green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja ........................................................ 27 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta ................................................................. 28 Painted Lady Vanessa cardui ................................................................... 29 Peacock Aglais io ..................................................................................... 30 Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae ............................................................ 31 Camberwell Beauty Nymphalis antiopa .................................................... 32 Comma Polygonia c-album ...................................................................... 32 Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas ............................................................... 33 Purple Hairstreak Favonius quercus .......................................................... 34 Green Hairstreak Callophrys rubi ............................................................. 35 White-letter Hairstreak Satyrium w-album ................................................ 36 Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus .................................................................. 37 Brown Argus Aricia agestis ..................................................................... 38 Northern Brown Argus Aricia artaxerxes .................................................. 38 Common Blue Polyommatus icarus ......................................................... 40 Contributors ................................................................................................ 42 Flight Period Table ...................................................................................... 44 Tetrad Occupancy Comparison Table ....................................................... 45 Submitting Moth Records in 2018 ............................................................. 46 Submitting Butterfly Records in 2018 ............................. Inside back cover North East England Branch Committee Members .................... Back cover (Front cover: Speckled Wood, Terry Coult) The latest annual report, newsletter and Branch details are available on the website: www.northeast-butterflies.org.uk 2 RECORDERS’ REVIEW 2016 was a somewhat chaotic year for the recorders. Various factors have contributed to a somewhat lengthy delay in the production of this annual report, including the theft of the entire data set from a car break-in in London and numerous hiccups in data verification and compilation. Due to the break-in and then regathering of records, it is possible that some data may have got lost along the way despite our best efforts. If this is the case, please get in touch and let us know. The new Levana recording system is still proving troublesome at times and as such the maps included within this report indicate only the tetrads for sightings made in 2016. We hope that by the 2017 report, (expected as soon as possible), the maps included will show past and new distributions. The 2017 report is going slightly better than the 2016 report; we haven’t lost all the data yet. Not surprisingly the number of records in 2016 was slightly down when compared to the previous year and the year before that, with just under 15,000 records provided by transect and casual recording in total. For some species however, 2016 was a much improved year, with both abundance and distribution increasing greatly in comparison with previous years. Brimstone were almost twice as numerous when compared to 2015. Some of our rarer and more noteworthy species also had good years. Dingy Skipper had improved numbers with peak numbers of 94 being recorded on 5th June, as did Green Hairstreak, Northern Brown Argus, (roughly four times the number of records of 2015), whilst orange-tip numbers remained roughly the same despite the reduced overall number of records; the warm, dry spring likely helping the reproductive efforts of these species. The weather graphs show that 2016 was the 17th warmest year since 1850 but the summer months of May, June and July were noticeable dull with below average sunshine..… The numbers of records for some species are not given to large totals. These highly cryptic butterflies, the Purple and White-letter Hairstreaks and Large Heath, are easily overlooked and inhabit areas which can prove difficult for all but the most motivated of recorders to reach and numbers may well be unrepresentative of their overall abundance. Of the species which saw records numbers fall, most of the most-marked declines were apparent in some of our more common species. Peacock and Small Tortoiseshell all declined significantly when compared to 2015. The reasoning behind this slump is not immediately apparent. Numbers of Dark Green Fritillary also wilted, as did Essex Skipper, perhaps not surprising given the level of survey effort in 2015. There are still areas of the two counties that are either totally or relatively unexplored territory for lepidopterists and we would urge recorders to explore new areas, these are the west of County Durham and the west and north of Northumberland. There is perhaps a natural tendency to visit rewarding areas, what might be called “honey-pot” sites, sometimes repeatedly. Finding your own new areas or sites can be very rewarding. If we don’t know species are present, we can’t take action to conserve them! Thank you to all transect walkers and casual recorders for their efforts in 2016. The records you send in do not just go towards compiling this annual report for the North East; they are used by Butterfly Conservation in compiling their national surveys, five-year state of UK Butterfly reports and formulating national policy. All records are therefore of vital importance and are essential component of safeguarding butterflies in this country. 3 Speckled Wood, Graham Beckwith Painted Lady, Jonathan Wallace 4 WEATHER SUMMARY: 2016 Durham University Observatory, County Durham Elevation: 100 metres (328ft), Grid Reference NZ 267 415 TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL and SUNSHINE and DIFFERENCES from 1961 - 1990 AVERAGES Month Mean (OC) OC Difference Rain (mm) % of Average Sun (hr) % of Average Jan 4.7 1.7 116.6 196 32.3 60 Feb 4.2 1.0 28.0 67 86.3 132 Mar 5.8 0.8 58.0 113 88.5 84 Apr 6.6 -0.4 81.4 172 122.5 92 May 11.1 1.2 41.7 80 141.5 84 Jun 13.2 0.2 49.2 95 106.3 65 Jul 15.8 0.9 35.2 68 114.6 74 Aug 15.7 1.0 69.8 104 146.1 94 Sep 14.9 2.2 44.2 80 114.6 93 Oct 10.1 0.6 50.4 96 76 82 Nov 4.9 -0.8 87.8 142 84.9 128 Dec 6.1 2.2 36.6 64 68 149 2016 9.4 0.9 698.9 108 1181.6 89 Our weather record information comes from the Durham University station on Observatory Hill in Durham City. Apart from the Radcliffe Observatory at Oxford, Durham University Observatory has the unbroken longest series of meteorological observations for any university in the UK. Daily records date from the late 1840s. Today, the observations are made using an automatic weather station. Acknowledgments: The Branch is grateful to Professor Tim Burt of the Department of Geography at Durham