Satyajit Ray

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Satyajit Ray MARLÈNE DIETRICH JACQUES RIVETTE SATYAJIT RAY Document de communication du Festival d'Automne à Paris - tous droits réservés MARLENE DIETRICH Ange et Impératrice Il y aeu la mythique Lola en jarretel- les et chapeau claque, et auparavant Hommage la fille des années folles, ensuite la glamoureuse de Hollywood, puis la scandaleuse de Berlin, et encore la vamp ironique autant que désabusée. Il y a eu, il y a, Il y aura toujours Marlène, la femme selon Sternberg, à qui le festival rend hommage. Sur les photos des films qu'elle tourna, en Allemagne, de 1923 à 1929 il y en eut seize, mais qui peut se vanter d'avoir vu la Tragédie de l'amour, Manon Lescaut, Une Du Barry moderne, Tête haute, Charlie, Café Elektric, Princesse Olala, Ce n'est que votre main madame, la Femme que l'on désire, le Navire des hommes perdus, pour ne citer que ceux-là? Marlène Dietrich a des che- veux châtain foncé, crantés ou bouclés au fer à friser, un visage rond qui tend à s'allonger du côté du menton, des sour- cils épilés, une bouche fardée à la diable et un nez retroussé. Elle fait très «petite femme» émancipée des années folles. Cette jeune actrice née dans une bonne famille prussienne, élevée selon des principes de rigueur morale dont elle se souviendra toujours, avait cherché à percer au théâtre, était devenue, après avoir épousé un assistant réalisateur, Rudolf Sieber. Demi-étoile de music-hall et de cinéma, elle se livrait volontiers à des extravagances vestimentaires, aimait les folies nocturnes de Berlin enfiévré. Mais elle travaillait, elle voulait réussir. Si l'on en revient à ces photos de films banals, on peut la voir parfois, ironique et distante, avec une lueur de mélancolie dans le regard. Elle semble attendre ce- lui qui saura tirer d'elle ce qu'elle est capable de donner. Ce visage rond, ce corps potelé plus ou moins bien mis en valeur par les robes du soir flottantes, les jupes courtes, les vestes-sacs et les manteaux aux épaules tombantes, ne de- mandent qu'à se transformer. En 1929, Marlène Dietrich est déjà une comé- dienne affirmée, et une vedette berlinoise de la chanson. C'est aussi une femme endormie dans une sorte de statut social et artistique propre à la Babylone de la République de Weimar. Le temps passe. Bientôt, peut-être, il sera trop tard. Du 4 au 17 Décembre 1991 Mais non. Un homme, un artiste, un es- au Cinéma ACTION ECOLES thète arrive des Etats-Unis, où il est Renseignements : 43.25.72.07 considéré comme un grand cinéaste du Document de communication du Festival d'Automne à Paris - tous droits réservés ves, des atmosphères imaginées, des personnages de femmes faites pour l'aventure, la passion et la mort, à qui il arrive même (Morocco, où la séduction du légionnaire Gary Cooper lui impose un sacrifice, Agent X 27 ou Blonde Ve- nus) d'être victime des hommes. C'est avec sa science des éclairages que Sternberg a remodelé son visage, avec son goût des costumes et des parures (exécutés sous sa direction par le coutu- rier de Paramount, Travis Banton) qu'il a changé sa silhouette et son corps. Des décors de ses films, il a façonné des écrins pour sa beauté révélée, pour son talent enfin épanoui. De Catherine de Russie, Sternberg a fait l'Impératrice rouge, qui se sert de son pouvoir éro- tique pour s'emparer du trône. De la petite garce espagnole de Pierrc Louys dans la Femme et le pantin, il a fait une muet, pour tourner, à Berlin, le premier C'est ici que se fixe le destin de Marlène. vamp sortie d'une toile de Gustav Klimt. film parlant d'Emil Jannings, d'après un Et quant à ce qui est arrivé au vieux Hollywood n'a jamais vraiment compris roman d'Heinrich Mann. Josef Von professeur, amoureux masochiste, on ce qui s'était passé là, et l'association du Sternberg, juif viennois aux allures de s'en soucie comme d'une guigne. /'Ange cinéaste et de son interprète s'est dé- dandy, cherche l'interprète féminine du bleu est le film d'une création, unique faite. film. Marlène Dietrich est sur les rangs. dans l'histoire du cinéma mondial (même Il semble que le producteur Erich Greta Garbo n'est pas née à l'écran de Marlène, elle, ne devait rien oublier. Elle Pommer n'ait pas voulu d'elle. C'est sur cette façon-là). Que les références à Rops tint comme il fallait son rôle de star scène, en allant voir une comédie musi- et à Toulouse-Lautrec s'effacent par la sophistiquée, mais tout ce que lui avait cale où jouent Hans Albers et Rosa suite n'y change rien. Même quand elle appris Sternberg, elle l'imposa, la plu- Valetti, pressentis pour des rôles secon- ne tournera pas avec lui, Marlène part du temps, aux réalisateurs avec les- daires, que Sternberg «découvre» Dietrich sera et restera la femme selon quels elle dut accepter de travailler. C'est Marlène Dietrich, indifférente, insolente, Sternberg. A celui qui a donné au monde particulièrement frappant dans le Can- de Tay Garnett, la Belle ensorceleuse, autrichien émigré en 1933 et devenu à pas le film. Dans l'Ange des maudits, elle avec le physique d'« un modèle de entier la plus fascinante des déesses, le tique des cantiques, de Rouben Ma- comédie de René Clair émigré aux Hollywood le disciple de Lubitsch. ne s'entendit pas avec Fritz Lang, trop Félicien Rops ou de Toulouse Lautrec», mythe incomparable, on aurait dû élever moulian, tourné pendant une pause entre Etats-Unis, Madame veut un bébé, de Complice avec Marlène, il en fait, dans autoritaire, mais apporta à son rôle exactement ce qu'il cherchait pour Lola des statues. Après l'Ange bleu, il y a eu Blonde Venus et l'Impératrice rouge, Mitchell Leisen. C'est vrai aussi qu'elle la Scandaleuse, l'ancienne maîtresse d'un d'aventurière de western la présence Frôlich, la chanteuse de beuglant qui, six films à Hollywood, mais non dans Désir, de Frank Borzage, qui sont fut une vamp classique dans l'Entraî- dignitaire nazi à laquelle, dans une fausse fascinante de la femme-Sternberg. A elle dans l'Ange bleu, va conduire l'hono- hollywoodiens malgré les sujets roma- de beaux films, dans l'effarant Jardin neuse fatale, de Raoul Walsh, et les bande d'actualités, un Hitler nain vient revient le mot de la fin de la Soif du mal, rable professeur Rath à la déchéance. nesques, la sophistication de la gla- d'Allah, de Richard Boleslawski, et dans Écumeurs, de Ray Enright. Mais sans baiser la main. La Marlène de Sternberg d' Orson Welles, avant son dernier grand moureuse Marlène. Des visions, des rê- doute son Pygmalion l'inspirait-il en- et celle de Billy Wilder étaient faites L'histoire est connue. Du moins, sous le méconnu Chevalier sans armure que rôle de Jugement à Nuremberg. C'était core de loin, autant que sa propre finesse pour s'entendre. On retrouve la compli- son aspect anecdotique. A confronter les Jacques Feyder réalisa en Angleterre en en 1961. De toute façon, on le sait, elle et son intelligence. Cette femme extra- derniers films allemands de Marlène 1937, pour Alexandre Korda. Même chez cité de l'actrice et du cinéaste dans ne nous quittera jamais. ordinaire fit semblant de rentrer dans le Dietrich avec ceux qui la transforme- Ernst Lubitsch, pour la comédie allusive "Témoin à charge, où, dix ans après la sérail et donna, à Hollywood, avant de raient en «Marlène», on comprend ce Ange, Marlène fit passer ce que l'on peut Scandaleuse, elle offre à nouveau un JACQUES SICLIER s'en aller sur les champs de bataille de la que Sternberg, grand maître de la mise appeler le «look Sternberg». numéro ambigu et éblouissant. Le Monde - Arts et Spectacles seconde guerre mondiale, des interpré- en scène, de la lumière, et du décor, a Septembre 1991 tations parodiques d'elle-même. pressenti chez l'actrice dont il allait faire A la veille de la guerre en Europe, elle Qu'à partir des années 50 Marlène se un mythe. Et, d'ailleurs, les images de était dans tout l'éclat de sa célébrité, et, soit consacrée à des tours de chant admi- l'Ange bleu sont là pour raconter la pourtant,sacoteavait baissé au On regrettera toujours qu'en 1946 elle rablement «mis en scène» plutôt qu'au métamorphose. Une petite poule de box-office. Ce fut un western de George n'ait pu tourner avec Jean Gabin les cinéma ne tient pas à son âge. Elle était bastringue à la voix pointue, offrant des Marshall, Destry rides again (elle avait Portes de la nuit, de Marcel Carné. Leur immuablement belle, élégante, racée, cuisses laiteuses sur lesquelles se ten- pris conseil de Sternberg avant de l'ac- film de « remplacement », Martin ironique, intelligente. Mais Hollywood dent des jarretelles noires, et portant les cepter), qui relança sa carrière. On y vit Roumagnac, de Georges Lacombe, est lui-même se banalisait et, s'il y avait dessous à volant des filles de petite vertu, Marlène se crêper le chignon dans un tout juste une curiosité. Lorsqu'elle re- encore des stars, les mythes n'avaient est entourée de lourdes pouffiasses sur saloon avec Una Markel, et mourir en gagna Hollywood, ce fut pour se mon- plus qu'une durée éphémère. Marlène la scène du cabaret L'Ange bleu. Son protégeant James Stewart. C'était en trer en gitane résistant au nazisme dans préserve le sien sans faiblir, tout simple- corps rayonne de séduction charnelle au 1939, et l'on a souvent dit que, à partir les Anneaux d'or, de Mitchell Leisen, et, ment parce qu'en dehors du cinéma elle milieu des chairs avachies et des chopes de ce film, une nouvelle Dietrich beau- surtout, en chanteuse de cabaret dans la reste, comme depuis les années 20, une de bière.
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