DOCSLIB.ORG

Host Feeding Patterns of Anopheles Culicifacies Speciesa and B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Host Feeding Patterns of Anopheles Culicifacies Speciesa and B 248 Jounuu oF THEArunRrceN Mosqurro Cournol AssocrATroN VoL.4,No.3 HOST FEEDING PATTERNS OF ANOPHELES CULICIFACIES SPECIESA AND B HEMA JOSHI, K. VASANTHA, SARALA K. SUBBARAO lro V. p. SHARMA Malarin ResearchCentre (ICMR),2Z-Shatn Nath Marg, Dethi_I10 054, India ABSTRACT. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresiswas used to assaybloodmeals to determine the hostspecificity of Anophelesculicifarics species-Aand B, collected from areas in Delhi, Uttar piadesh and Bihar. Results indicated the-predominantly zoophagicnature of speciesA and B with " r.t"tiullv higher degreeof anthropophagy for speciesA. Furth-er,the human blood index was found to be relatei to the proportion of human and cattle population in an area. This study is significant because,of the two speciesonly speciesA was incriminated as the vector of malaria in t[ese arlas. INTRODUCTION and districts in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, (areas in northern India). In northern India speciesA Anopheles culicifacies sensu lato has a wide and B are sympatric (Subbarao et al. 1983, distribution extending from Iran in the west 1988c). through India to Thailand in the east. It is also found in southern China and Nepal in the north and Sri Lanka in the south. It is an important MATERIALS AND METHODS vector of malaria in India and severalneighbor- ing countries.This speciesis predominantly zoo- Indoor resting An. culicifacieswere collected phagic and becomesanthropophagic when the with suction tubes from the following areasdur- cattle population is low (Bhatia and Krishnan ing 1985-87: Gopalpura, a periurban locality in 1961,Jambulingam et al. 1984).Anthropophagic Delhi; 18 villages in Ghaziabad, 9 in Buland- indices ranging between 2 and 80% have been shahr and 8 in Jaunpur and Ballia districts in reported for this speciesin India (Ramachandra Uttar Pradeshand 3 villages in Saran district in Rao 1984). With discovery of 4 sibling species Bihar. Ghaziabadand Bulandshahr are in west- [A, B, C and D, in the taxon An. culicifacbs ern Uttar Pradesh whereasBallia and Jaunpur (Green and Miles, 1980, Subbarao et al. 1983, are situated in the easternpart ofUttar Pradesh. Vasanthaet al.,unpublished data)1, the question The proceduresfollowed in the collection of arose as to whether the differences observedin An. culicifaciesare similar to those describedin the rate of anthropophagy of this taxon are Subbarao et al. (1988a). Anopheles culicifaci.es related to the biological variations existing was collected during August 1985-June 1986 in among the sibling species.The differences ob- Gopalpura, during January 1985-June 1987 in served in the feeding preferencesin An. m,acu- Ghaziabad,in July, August and November 1985 lipennis Meigen populations from different re- and March, July, August, September and No- gions in Europe was one of the factors which led vember 1986 in Bulandshahr and in Jaunpur, to the concept of the possible existance of sev- Ballia and Saran in May, August and November eral biological specieswithin a morphologically 1985and March 1986.Anopheles culicifacies col- similar anopheline speciesin Europe (Hackett lected from the field are brought to the labora- L937).Anopheles gambiae sensu strictu and An. tory for processing.After mild etherization half- arabiewis Patton, two membersof the An. gam- gravid female mosquitoes having Cristophers' bioe complex were also reported to have differ- stage III ovaries were separated. Only half- encesin the anthropophagicindex; An. gambiae gravid females were used as it is only at this s.s. was more anthropophagic (Coluzzi et al. stagewell developedpolytene chromosomesare 1975,Mollineaux and Gramiccia 1980).A pre- present which are suitable for reading the band- Iiminary study carried out in southern India on ing pattern. From each half-gravid mosquito, the feeding preferencesof speciesA and B of ovaries were removed and stored in a glass vial the An. culicifaciescomplex revealed speciesA containing 1:3 glacial acetic acid and methanol to be more anthropophagic than speciesB (Su- fixative. From the same mosquito blood from guna et al. 1983).The sibling speciesof the An. the gut was smeared on Whatman No. 1 filter culicifacies complex have specific distribution paper for blood meal assay and the rest of the patterns (Subbarao1984), variations in the sea- mosquito was stored in a microfuge tube for sonal prevalence(Subbarao et al. 1987),differ- sporozoite detection [results of which are pub- ential responseto DDT (Subbaraoet al. 1988a) lished in Subbaraoet al. (1988b)1.Each mos- and susceptibility to malaria parasite infection quito, its blood smear and the ovary were given (Subbarao et al. 1988b). This study examines the same number. the blood meals of speciesA and B from Delhi, Ovaries were processedfor polytene chromo- Snprprr4srn 1988 Att. cuttapecns SrBLrNc Sppcrps: Hosr FEEDING 249 Table 1. Bloodmeal analysis of Anophnlcsculicifacies sibling species. Jaunpur Delhi Ghaziabad Bulandshahr Saran Areas & Ballia Species Hosts Percentagepositive Human 1.3 0.0 2.2 0.8 3.5 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 Bovine 98.5 100.0 94.0 97.0 90.0 96.0 100.0 99.0 0.0 100.0 Mixed 0.2 0.0 2.2 0.3 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Not detected 0.6 0.0 1.6 1.5 2.5 1.8 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 Total samples 466 4345 382 833 493 332 tested Table 2. Monthly variations in human blood index ratio with distilled water and 0.375 gm calcium (HBI) of speciesA and B of Anoph.elcsculicifacies in Iactate per liter buffer was added. district Ghaziabad. Glass plates of 14 cm x 8.5 cm size coated SpeciesA SpeciesB with 0.2% agarosewere layered with 0.97o aga- rose. The procedure used for coating and layer- No. No. ing was that from Collins et al. (1986). Wells Montht tested HBI tested HBI were punched 5 mm apart on the agarose gel January I 0 00 with the help of a 1.5 mm diameter punch. February 0 0 00 Agarosepieces from the wells were removedwith March 0 0 00 a syringe needle. April 130 0 10 From blood smears5 mm diameter discs were May 5r4 0.01 50 punched and soakedin the wells of a microtiter June 390 0.04 50 July 572 0.11 150 plate containing 50 pl of 0.65% normal saline. August 607 0.08 330 Smearswere allowed to soak for 4 hours. Even September 315 0.06 56 0.02 when soaked for 2 hours satisfactory results October DIY 0.03 107 0.02 were obtained. The antisera used in the assay November 437 0.04 100 0 were obtained from the Serologistand Chemical December 1q 0 00 Examiner to the Government of India. Calcutta. I Samples collected in 1985 and 1986 were pooled. The antisera were subjectedto blind tests using known bloodmeal samplesand various dilutions some preparation following the procedure of before they were used in the assays.On each Greenand Hunt (1980).Polybene chromosomes agarosegel plate one blood sample of human, were examined to identify the sibling species. one of cow/buffalo and one of rabbit were as- Diagnostic inversion genotypes used for the sayedalong with the test samples.On the human identification of .sibling specieswere: SpeciesA antisera plate, mosquitoesfed on cow and rabbit - X +" +b 2 +e' +h' and speciesB - Xab 29' served as negative controls and on the bovine +h' (Subbaraoet al. 1983). antisera plate, rabbit and human samplesserved Bloodmeal samples were tested by counter as negative controls. Mosquitoes fed on human current immunoelectrophoresis(CCIE) (Bray et and cow blood served as positive controls on al. 1984) and gel diffusion (Collins et al. 1986) their respective plates, Antigen extracts were techniquesusing agarosegels. Although both the loadedon the cathodic wells while antisera were techniquesproduced equally sensitive results in charged on anodic wells. Electrophoresis was detecting the antigen up to 40 hours after the performed at a constant voltage of 150 volts for bloodmeal,CCIE was quicker as the electropho- 30 min. at room temperature. After the comple- retic run was completed within 25-30 minutes tion of the run, the glass plate was taken out and precipitin arcs were sharper. Therefore, from the electrophoreticchamber and immersed counter current immunoelectrophoresis was in 0.9Vonormal saline.After 10-15 min., results used for assaying the samples. Details of the were read against a black background over an technique are given below. X-ray viewer. Barbitone buffer powder (0.5 M, pH 8.6) was obtained from Ms. Centron, India and 0.5 M RESULTS AND DISCUSSION stock solution wasprepared. For gel buffer, stock solutionwas diluted in 1:12.5ratio with distilled Results of An. culicifacles sibling species A water and calcium lactate was addedto obtain a and B specimensshowing positive reactions to final concentration of 0.5 gm/liter. For electrode human and bovine antisera are given in Table (tank) buffer, stock solution was diluted in 1:5 1. A small percentageof samples did not react 250 JounNel oF THEAurnrclu Mosqurro Cournol AssocrerroN VoL.4,No.3 with either of the sera tested. These mosquitoes has been incriminated as the primary vector, might have taken blood of other animals for whereas in Jaunpur, Ballia and Saran malaria which the antisera tested were not specific. Re- is almost absent (Subbaraoet al. 1988b,1988c). sults showed that both speciesA and B were SpeciesA had a relatively high sporozoite rate predominantly zoophagic as only a small pro- in August (1.09%) and September(2.07%) in portion showed positivity against human anti- comparison to other months (Subbarao et al. sera. Comparative chi-squarevalues for the ob- 1988b).During the other months it was always served numbers of human. bovine and mixed less than one. The proportions of human blood positive antigens between speciesA and B were feeding observedfor speciesA and speciesB in 8.8 (P < 0.05) in Ghaziabad and LG.27(P < this study are in accordance with the earlier 0.001)in Bulandshahr.The human blood index reports for An.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Follow-Up Studies After Withdrawal of Deltamethrin Spraying Against Anopheles Culicifacies and Malaria Incidence
    Journal of the American Mosquito contror Association, 2o(4):424-42g,2004 Copyright @ 2OO4 by the American Mosquito Control Association, Inc. FOLLOW-UP STUDIES AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF DELTAMETHRIN SPRAYING AGAINST ANOPHELES CULICIFACIES AND MALARIA INCIDENCE MUSHARRAF ALI ANSARI eNo RAMA KRISHNA RAZDAN Malaria Research Centre (ICMR), 2}-Madhuban, Delhi_ll0 092, India ABSTRACT. Follow-up studies were carried out from 1989 to 1998 after withdrawal of deltamethrin indoor spraying to evaluate the-recovery rate of a population of Anopheles culicifacies resistant to dichlorodiphenyltri- chloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in selected villages in Uttar pradesh State, I;dia. The study revealed 82.4-96.5Ea reduction in adult density of An. culicifacies and 72.7-967o reduction in malaria incidence in the area sprayed with deltamethrin at 20 mg/m, as compared to a control area sprayed with HCH, for 5 successive years even after withdrawal of deltamethrin spray. The impact was very clear when the annual falciparum incidence was compared with that of the control area. The vector population gradually started re- covering after 5 years. However, the slide falciparum rate remained below 4 even after 10 years of withdrawal of spraying. The study revealed that indoor residual spraying of deltamethrin would be cost-effective, at least in areas where malaria is transmitted by An. culicifacies, which is primarily a zoophilic species and associated with malaria epidemics. In view of this, a review of the insecticide policy and strategy of vector control is urgently needed because of the possible risks associated with the presence of nonbiodegradable insecticide in the environment, as well as to minimize the costs of operation and to enhance the useful life of insecticides.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R
    Irish et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:559 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1848-z RESEARCH Open Access A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R. Irish1*, Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin2, Mohammad Shafiul Alam2 and Ralph E. Harbach3 Abstract Background: Diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. To better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family Culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. Original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in Bangladesh. Results: Records for 123 species were collected, although some species had only a single record. This is an increase of ten species over the most recent complete list, compiled nearly 30 years ago. Collection records of three additional species are included here: Anopheles pseudowillmori, Armigeres malayi and Mimomyia luzonensis. Conclusions: While this work constitutes the most complete list of mosquito species collected in Bangladesh, further work is needed to refine this list and understand the distributions of those species within the country. Improved morphological and molecular methods of identification will allow the refinement of this list in years to come. Keywords: Species list, Mosquitoes, Bangladesh, Culicidae Background separation of Pakistan and India in 1947, Aslamkhan [11] Several diseases in Bangladesh are caused by mosquito- published checklists for mosquito species, indicating which borne pathogens. Malaria remains an important cause of were found in East Pakistan (Bangladesh).
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny and Classification of Anopheles
    Chapter 1 The Phylogeny and Classification of Anopheles Ralph E. Harbach Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54695 1. Introduction Anopheles was introduced as a genus of mosquitoes in 1818 by Johann Wilhelm Meigen [1], a German entomologist famous for his revolutionary studies of Diptera. Little was done on the taxonomy of Anopheles until the discovery during the last two decades of the 19th century that mosquitoes transmit microfilariae and malarial protozoa, which initiated a drive to collect, name and classify these insects. In 1898, the Royal Society and the Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamber‐ lain, Secretary of State for the Colonies of Britain, appointed a Committee to supervise the investigation of malaria. On 6 December 1898, Mr. Chamberlain directed the Colonies to collect and send mosquitoes to the British Museum (Natural History) (Figure 1), and in 1899 the Committee appointed Frederick V. Theobald to prepare a monograph on the mosquitoes of the world, which was published in five volumes between 1901 and 1910 [2‒6]. As a conse‐ quence, many new generic names were introduced in an effort to classify numerous new mosquito species into seemingly natural groups. Theobald proposed 18 genera for species of Anopheles based on the distribution and shape of scales on the thorax and abdomen. Four of these proposed genera, Cellia, Kerteszia, Nyssorhynchus and Stethomyia, are currently recognized as subgenera of Anopheles and the other 14 are regarded as synonyms of one or other of subgenera Anopheles, Cellia or Nyssorhynchus. Theobald, however, was not the only person to propose generic names for species of Anopheles.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecticide Resistance Status in Anopheles Culicifacies in Madhya Pradesh, Central India
    J Vector Borne Dis 49, March 2012, pp. 39–41 Insecticide resistance status in Anopheles culicifacies in Madhya Pradesh, central India A.K. Mishra1, S.K. Chand1, T.K. Barik2, V.K. Dua3 & K. Raghavendra2 1National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Jabalpur; 2National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi; 3National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Hardwar, India Key words Anopheles culicifacies; insecticide resistance; India; Madhya Pradesh; malaria; vector Malaria is one of the most common vector-borne dis- nets (ITN) and long-lasting insecticidal nets are also in eases widespread in tropical and subtropical regions1. use. The major malaria vector in this state is An. Vector control constitutes an important aspect of vector culicifacies. borne disease control programme. Use of insecticides for The insecticide susceptibility of An. culicifacies to vector control is an effective strategy but is also associ- DDT, malathion and deltamethrin was tested during Au- ated with the development of insecticide resistance in the gust and September, 2009 in Balaghat, Betul, Chhindwara, target disease vectors and is one of the reasons for failures Dindori, Guna, Jhabua, Mandla, Shadol and Sidhi dis- of disease control in many countries including India. Ear- tricts using standard WHO adult susceptibility kit and lier, indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides was methods24. The districts selected for assessment of sus- the key component of malaria control and was respon- ceptibility to insecticides in An. culicifacies have almost sible for spectacular reduction in disease incidence during similar ecotype, vector prevalence and employ same vec- the early 20th century2–5. Still IRS and insecticide-treated tor control strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioural, Ecological, and Genetic Determinants of Mating and Gene
    Thesis committee Thesis supervisor Prof. dr. Marcel Dicke Professor of Entomology, Wageningen University Thesis co-supervisor Dr. Ir. Bart G.J. Knols Medical Entomologist, University of Amsterdam Other members Prof. dr. B.J. Zwaan, Wageningen University Prof. dr. P. Kager, University of Amsterdam Dr. Ir. P. Bijma, Wageningen University Dr. Ir. I.M.A. Heitkonig, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the C. T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation Behavioural, ecological and genetic determinants of mating and gene flow in African malaria mosquitoes Kija R.N. Ng’habi Thesis Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public at on Monday 25 October 2010 at 11:00 a.m. in the Aula. Kija R.N. Ng’habi (2010) Behavioural, ecological and genetic determinants of mating and gene flow in African malaria mosquitoes PhD thesis, Wageningen University – with references – with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN – 978-90-8585-766-2 > Abstract Malaria is still a leading threat to the survival of young children and pregnant women, especially in the African region. The ongoing battle against malaria has been hampered by the emergence of drug and insecticide resistance amongst parasites and vectors, re- spectively. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and genetically modified mosquitoes (GM) are new proposed vector control approaches. Successful implementation of these ap- proaches requires a better understanding of male mating biology of target mosquito species.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Culicidae)
    International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry ISSN 0973-2691 Volume 13, Number 4 (2017) pp. 285-299 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Identification, characterization and analysis of expression of midgut specific G12 gene of Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae) Divya Miglani Research Fellow, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), INDIA Ashwani Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani-127021 (Haryana), INDIA Arvind Sharma Postdoctoral Associate, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno (USA) Richa Sharma Research Fellow, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), INDIA *S.K. Gakhar Professor, Centre for Biotechnology, MaharshiDayanand University, Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), INDIA Abstract A gut specific G12 gene (AcG12) from the mosquito, Anopheles culicifacies, was cloned and characterized. Rapid blood meal inducibility validates the use of G12 upstream regulatory regions to drive anti-parasitic gene expression in transgenic mosquitoes. However no endogenous promoter has been reported in Anopheles culicifacies which is a predominant vector in Indian subcontinent. 286 Divya Miglani, Ashwani Kumar, Arvind Sharma, Richa Sharma &S.K.Gakhar The open reading frame of characterized gene was found consisting of a protein of 209 amino acids. The coding region of the gene shares 69% and 66% similarity to An. gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) G12 gene respectively. AcG12 has a putative secretory signal peptide at the amino terminus and also harbouran insect allergen domain. The peak expression of the gene was found to be at 24 h after blood feeding and was restricted to midgut only. Putative 3D structure of the AcG12 was predicted showing similarity to Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae) allergen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential for Genetic Control of Malaria-Transmitting Mosquitoes
    WORKING MATERIAL THE POTENTIAL FOR GENETIC CONTROL OF MALARIA-TRANSMITTING MOSQUITOES ?! REPORT OF A CONSULTANTS GROUP MEETING ORGANIZED BY THE JÔINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AND HELD IN VIENNA, AUSTRIA, 26-30 APRIL 1993 Reproduced by the IAEA Vienna, Austria, 1993 NOTE The material in this document has been supplied by the authors and has not been edited by the IAEA. The views expressed remain the responsibility of the named authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the govern­ ments) of the designating Member State(s). In particular, neither the IAEA nor any other organization or body sponsoring this meeting can be held responsible for any material reproduced in this document. CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... ! 1. THE MALARIA SITUATION .............................................. 2 2. GENETIC CONTROL METHODS ...................................... 3 2.1 Sterile Insect Technique .................................................... 4 2.2 Genetic Sexing and Chromosomal A berrations .............. 6 2.3 Hybrid Sterility ................................................................. 7 2.4 Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ............................................ 8 2.5 Genetic Engineering fo r Genome M odification .............. 9 2.5.1 Genetic Engineering Tools .................................. 9 2.5.2 Parasite Inhibiting Genes .................................. 10 2.5.3 Population Transformation ..............................
    [Show full text]
  • Anopheles Culicifacies
    Vijay et al. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:337 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4729-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Proteome-wide analysis of Anopheles culicifacies mosquito midgut: new insights into the mechanism of refractoriness Sonam Vijay1, Ritu Rawal1, Kavita Kadian1, Jagbir Singh1, Tridibesh Adak2 and Arun Sharma1* Abstract Background: Midgut invasion, a major bottleneck for malaria parasites transmission is considered as a potential target for vector-parasite interaction studies. New intervention strategies are required to explore the midgut proteins and their potential role in refractoriness for malaria control in Anopheles mosquitoes. To better understand the midgut functional proteins of An. culicifacies susceptible and refractory species, proteomic approaches coupled with bioinformatics analysis is an effective means in order to understand the mechanism of refractoriness. In the present study, an integrated in solution- in gel trypsin digestion approach, along with Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)–Liquid chromatography/Mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and data mining were performed to identify the proteomic profile and differentially expressed proteins in Anopheles culicifacies susceptible species A and refractory species B. Results: Shot gun proteomics approaches led to the identification of 80 proteins in An. culicifacies susceptible species A and 92 in refractory species B and catalogue was prepared. iTRAQ based proteomic analysis identified 48 differentially expressed proteins from total 130 proteins. Of these, 41 were downregulated and 7 were upregulated in refractory species B in comparison to susceptible species A. We report that the altered midgut proteins identified in naturally refractory mosquitoes are involved in oxidative phosphorylation, antioxidant and proteolysis process that may suggest their role in parasite growth inhibition.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Anopheline Species Composition Along the Hb Utan-India Border Region Wan Nurul Naszeerah Yale University, [email protected]
    Yale University EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Public Health Theses School of Public Health January 2015 Characterization Of Anopheline Species Composition Along The hB utan-India Border Region Wan Nurul Naszeerah Yale University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ysphtdl Recommended Citation Naszeerah, Wan Nurul, "Characterization Of Anopheline Species Composition Along The hB utan-India Border Region" (2015). Public Health Theses. 1205. http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ysphtdl/1205 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Public Health at EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Health Theses by an authorized administrator of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Characterization of Anopheline Species Composition Along the Bhutan-India Border Region MPH Thesis Wan Nurul Naszeerah MPH candidate, 2015 Yale School of Public Health Thesis Readers: Sunil Parikh, MD, MPH Leonard Munstermann, PhD ! Abstract: Bhutan is aggressively embarking on a path towards malaria elimination. Despite substantial progress, Bhutan remains vulnerable to imported malaria. The majority of cases are in Sarpang district, which shares a border with the state of Assam in India. However, the anopheline species responsible for autochthonous malaria transmission have not been well characterized. Therefore, a comparison of the Anopheles species in Sarpang was made with published records of anopheline mosquitoes in neighboring Assam. An assessment of Anopheles species composition was undertaken from June to July 2014 in four Sarpang villages adjacent to the Sarpang-Assam border.
    [Show full text]
  • In Mosquito Anopheles Culicifacies
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/010009; this version posted October 3, 2014. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 2 Deep Sequencing revealed ‘Plant Like Transcripts’ in mosquito Anopheles culicifacies: an 3 Evolutionary Puzzle 4 5 Punita Sharma1,2, Swati Sharma1, Ashwani Kumar Mishra3, Tina Thomas1, Tanwee Das De1, Sonia Verma1, 6 Vandana Kumari1, Suman Lata Rohilla1, Namita Singh2, Kailash C Pandey1, Rajnikant Dixit1* 7 8 9 1Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, 10 Delhi-110077 (India); 2Nano and Biotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, 11 Haryana-125001(India); 3NxGenBio Lifesciences, C-451, Yojna Vihar, Delhi-110092 (India) 12 13 14 For Correspondence: 15 16 *E.mail: [email protected] 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Abstract 25 26 As adult female mosquito’s salivary gland facilitate blood meal uptake and pathogen transmission e.g. 27 Plasmodium, virus etc., a plethora of research has been focused to understand the mosquito-vertebrate- 28 pathogen interactions. Despite the fact that mosquito spends longer time over nectar sugar source, the 29 fundamental question ‘how adult female salivary gland’ manages molecular and functional relationship 30 during sugar vs. blood meal uptake remains unanswered. Currently, we are trying to understand these 31 molecular relationships under dual feeding conditions in the salivary glands of the mosquito Anopheles 32 culicifacies.
    [Show full text]
  • Anopheline Bionomics, Insecticide Resistance and Transnational
    Surendran et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:156 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04037-x Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Anopheline bionomics, insecticide resistance and transnational dispersion in the context of controlling a possible recurrence of malaria transmission in Jafna city in northern Sri Lanka Sinnathamby N. Surendran1* , Tibutius T. P. Jayadas1, Annathurai Tharsan1, Vaikunthavasan Thiruchenthooran1, Sharanga Santhirasegaram1, Kokila Sivabalakrishnan1, Selvarajah Raveendran2 and Ranjan Ramasamy3* Abstract Background: Malaria was eliminated from Sri Lanka in 2013. However, the infux of infected travelers and the pres- ence of potent anopheline vectors can re-initiate transmission in Jafna city, which is separated by a narrow strait from the malaria-endemic Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Methods: Anopheline larvae were collected from diferent habitats in Jafna city and the susceptibility of emergent adults to DDT, malathion and deltamethrin investigated. Results: Anopheline larvae were found in wells, surface-exposed drains, ponds, water puddles and water storage tanks, with many containing polluted, alkaline and brackish water. Anopheles culicifacies, An. subpictus, An. stephensi and An. varuna were identifed in the collections. Adults of the four anopheline species were resistant to DDT. Anopheles subpictus and An. stephensi were resistant while An. culicifacies and An. varuna were possibly resistant to deltamethrin. Anopheles stephensi was resistant, An. subpictus possibly resistant while An. varuna and An. culicifacies were susceptible to malathion. DNA sequencing showed a L1014F (TTA to TTC) mutation in the IIS6 transmembrane segment of the voltage-gated sodium channel protein in deltamethrin-resistant An. subpictus—a mutation previously observed in India but not Sri Lanka. Conclusion: Anopheles subpictus in Jafna, like An.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaria Elimination in China, Evolution and Challenges with Respect to Cross Border Transmission Shaosen Zhang
    Malaria elimination in China, evolution and challenges with respect to cross border transmission Shaosen Zhang To cite this version: Shaosen Zhang. Malaria elimination in China, evolution and challenges with respect to cross bor- der transmission. Human health and pathology. Université Montpellier, 2019. English. NNT : 2019MONTT027. tel-02464817 HAL Id: tel-02464817 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02464817 Submitted on 3 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER Spécialité : Biologie Santé École doctorale Sciences Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (CBS2) Unité de recherches HSM-HydroSciences Montpellier (UMR 5569 IRD-CNRS-UM) et Intertryp (UMR 17 CIRAD-IRD) Elimination du paludisme en Chine, évolution et défis de la transmission transfrontalière Présentée par Shaosen ZHANG Soutenue le 21/11/2019 devant le jury composé de Mme. Evelyne Ollivier, Professeur à l’Université Aix-Marseille Rapporteur M. Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Professeur à l’Université Kasetsart Rapporteur M. Emmanuel Cornillot, Professeur à l’Université de Montpellier Examinateur M. Shuisen Zhou, Professeur au National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Examinateur Mme Sylvie Manguin, Directrice de Recherche à l’IRD Directrice de Thèse M.
    [Show full text]