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Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World Men, Goods and Ideas Travelling Over the Sea the Over Travelling Ideas and Goods Men 35 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology Cologne/Bonn 22–26 May 2018 Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World Men, Goods and Ideas travelling over the Sea the over travelling Ideas and Goods Men, Men, Goods and Ideas travelling over the Sea: 35 Cilicia at the Crossroad of Eastern Mediterranean Trade Network Panel 5.16 Eugenia Equini Schneider (Ed.) Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology Volume 35: Men, Goods and Ideas Travelling over the Sea Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology Cologne/Bonn, 22 – 26 May 2018 Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World Edited by Martin Bentz and Michael Heinzelmann Volume 35 Edited by Eugenia Equini Schneider Men, Goods and Ideas Travelling over the Sea: Cilicia at the Crossroad of Eastern Mediterranean Trade Network Panel 5.16 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek: The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. This work is published under the Creative Commons License 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0). The cover is subject to the Creative Commons License CC BY-ND 4.0. Published at Propylaeum, Heidelberg University Library 2020. This publication is freely available under https://www.propylaeum.de (Open Access). urn: urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-propylaeum-ebook-554-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11588/propylaeum.554 Text © 2020 the authors. Editorial Coordination: Ina Borkenstein, Christian Schöne Editorial Staff: Stefanie Herten, Katharina Zerzeropulos Layout: Torsten Zimmer, Zwiebelfisch@quarium Cover illustration: Detail of the coast at the ancient city of Selinus (now Gazipaşa), in western Cilicia Tracheia (photo by Eugenia Equini Schneider) ISBN: 978-3-947450-82-4 e-ISBN: 978-3-947450-81-7 CONTENTS Eugenia Equini Schneider Men, Goods and Ideas Travelling over the Sea: Cilicia at the Crossroad of Eastern Mediterranean Trade Network 1 Pascal Arnaud Non-Coastal Cilician Cities and their Maritime Outlets 3 Hakan Öniz Dana Island Shipyard and Underwater Research of the Cilicia Coast 2017 15 Kamil Levent Zoroğlu A New Context of Late Roman Pottery from Kelenderis: A Preliminary Discussion 27 Claudia Tempesta – Maria Francesca Pipere – Valentina Cassiani Under the Auspices of Aphrodite Euploia: Port Infrastructure and Urban Transformation at Elaiussa Sebaste from the Hellenistic to Byzantine Age 39 Annalisa Polosa Elaiussa Sebaste: Monetization 53 Edoardo Radaelli Cilician Amphorae in Rome and Ostia during the Middle Imperial Age (2nd – Early 3rd Centuries AD) and Reflections about the Consumption of Their Contents 63 Veronica Iacomi Pottery Production in the Urbanscape and the Over Regional Commerce: LR1 Amphorae at Elaiussa and Beyond 79 PREFACE On behalf of the ‘Associazione Internazionale di Archaeologica Classica (AIAC)’ the 19th International Congress for Classical Archaeology took place in Cologne and Bonn from 22 to 26 May 2018. It was jointly organized by the two Archaeological Institutes of the Universities of Cologne and Bonn, and the primary theme of the congress was ‘Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World’. In fact, economic aspects permeate all areas of public and private life in ancient societies, whether in urban development, religion, art, housing, or in death. Research on ancient economies has long played a significant role in ancient history. Increasingly in the last decades, awareness has grown in archaeology that the material culture of ancient societies offers excellent opportunities for studying the structure, performance, and dynamics of ancient economic systems and economic processes. Therefore, the main objective of this congress was to understand economy as a central element of classical societies and to analyse its interaction with ecological, political, social, religious, and cultural backgrounds. The theme of the congress was addressed to all disciplines that deal with Greco-Roman civilization and their neighbouring cultures from the Aegean Bronze Age to the end of Late Antiquity. The participation of more than 1200 scholars from more than 40 countries demonstrates the great response to the topic of the congress. Altogether, more than 900 papers in 128 panels were presented, as were more than 110 posters. The publication of the congress is in two stages: larger panels are initially presented as independent volumes, such as this publication. Finally, at the end of the editing process, all contributions will be published in a joint conference volume. We would like to take this opportunity to thank all participants and helpers of the congress who made it such a great success. Its realization would not have been possible without the generous support of many institutions, whom we would like to thank once again: the Universities of Bonn and Cologne, the Archaeological Society of Cologne, the Archaeology Foundation of Cologne, the Gerda Henkel Foundation, the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the Sal. Oppenheim Foundation, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the Romano-Germanic Museum Cologne and the LVR-LandesMuseum Bonn. Finally, our thanks go to all colleagues and panel organizers who were involved in the editing and printing process. Bonn/Cologne, in August 2019 Martin Bentz & Michael Heinzelmann Men, Goods and Ideas Travelling over the Sea: Cilicia at the Crossroad of Eastern Mediterranean Trade Network Eugenia Equini Schneider Thanks to its specific geographic position, at the crossroads of the most important sea and land routes, in a necessary point of transition and interconnection between Syria, Cyprus and Egypt, Cilicia has always played a distinctive role within the context of cultural and commercial exchanges in the Mediterranean area. In particular, during its romanization, that gradually took place and was subsequently intensified with the constitution of the province, the commercial relations with various areas of the empire and in particular with the Eastern Mediterranean, which were substantially and constantly maintained until the first Byzantine age, were of fundamental importance. This area of Anatolia has recently become object of a renewed interest on behalf of Turkish and international universities and research institutions. These research projects are providing new insights on significant sites as Kelenderis and Elaiussa Sebaste that can be considered case-studies for the analysis of the development of historical, archaeological and paleo-environmental knowledge of southeastern Anatolia almost until the 7th century AD. They also offer a unique opportunity for the application of innovative technologies and models taking into account the overall potential of the area – not only from the point of view of its archaeological heritage, but also from that of its natural environment – in order to establish a homogeneous relationship between people, nature and monuments. Aim of this panel is the assessment of the present knowledge on production exchanges, trade and transport in the Mediterranean, analyzing and discussing new diachronic evidence of the network of Cilicia's relations. In addition it outlines an exhaustive picture of the changes and transformation involving the region and its urban centers throughout centuries as a result of large-scale economic and social processes. The definition of the maritime, fluvial and land-routes that connected the coastal settlements of Cilicia to the interior and to other regions of the Mediterranean basin is discussed and clarified through the integrated use of underwater research, archaeological and geophysical investigations about the harbors' basins, study of the production facilities, analysis of material culture and numismatic evidence. The following papers provide a great amount of information and offer diverse perspectives on the role played by the region - both as a production center and a market place – but also as a strategical node – within the network of the ancient Mediterranean trade-routes. They further implement data concerning Roman and Byzantine port basins, creating standard samples for comparative use by other research programs underway in Cilicia and in eastern and southern Turkey. Published in: Eugenia Equini Schneider (Ed.), Men, Goods and Ideas Travelling over the Sea: Cilicia at the Crossroad of Eastern Mediterranean Trade Network, Panel 5.16, Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World 35 (Heidelberg, Propylaeum 2020) 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11588/propylaeum.554 Non-Coastal Cilician Cities and their Maritime Outlets1 Pascal Arnaud The preparation of the commented edition of the so-calledStadiasmus Maris Magni 2 on behalf of Brill’s Neue Jacoby Vol. 5, due Feb. 2019, has focused my attention on striking connectivity between non-coastal cities and the sea in Asia Minor. The sources used by the Stadiasmus Maris Magni between Syria and Caria generally go back to the 2nd century BC and can sometimes be assigned to the reign of Antiochus IV. They are always older than the Roman conquest. They pay much attention to the relationship between non-coastal cities and the sea, considering these cities as maritime cities. The description of Cilicia, combined with other sources, provides us with an interesting set of case-studies for understanding what a maritime city could be, how far from the sea it could be, how it could be linked to the sea and the kind of infrastructure these links relied on, as well as the kind of boats that make these
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