DOCSLIB.ORG

In National Collective Memory Encounters with Images of Russian Empire and Soviet Russia in Czech, Finnish and Polish Upper Secondary School History Textbooks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In National Collective Memory Encounters with Images of Russian Empire and Soviet Russia in Czech, Finnish and Polish Upper Secondary School History Textbooks “Us” and “Them” in National Collective Memory Encounters with Images of Russian Empire and Soviet Russia in Czech, Finnish and Polish Upper Secondary School History Textbooks Minna Riikka Elina Suikka University of Helsinki Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Political and Economic Studies Master’s Thesis Master’s Degree Programme in European Studies (MES) / Economic and Social History September 2014 Tiedekunta/Osasto – Fakultet/Sektion – Faculty Laitos – Institution – Department Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Political and Economic Studies Tekijä – Författare – Author Minna Suikka Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title “Us” and “Them” in National Collective Memory: Encounters with Images of Russian Empire and Soviet Russia in Czech, Finnish and Polish Upper Secondary School History Textbooks Oppiaine – Läroämne – Subject Economic and Social History / Master’s Degree Programme in European Studies Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä – Sidoantal – Number of pages Master’s Thesis 2014 113 Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract In the last twenty years, European identities have been in turmoil. The old borders of the Cold War era have crumbled and the EU has expanded towards the east. As a result, it has become important for Europeans to re-evaluate what “us” and “them” mean in a world of multiple identities. As our relationship to the world has changed we have been driven to reconsider the past from new perspectives. How are collective memories constructed? How has history defined our social evolution? These question forms the backdrop for this study. The study seeks to illuminate the issue by promoting a comparative approach on contemporary European memory and identities. The purpose of the study is to compare contemporary Czech, Finnish and Polish textbook understanding of Russian history over between 1815 and 1922. The question of how the Russian image is perceived is connected more widely to nation-specific historic discourses and collective memory. Ultimately, this means examining the dialogue between the nexus of “us” and “them”. Revealing textbook images that legitimize national victimhood or hostility is the first step to mutual understanding that can be used as the basis of friendly relations. The theoretical framework of this material-based study is connected to discussions of nationalism and memory studies: discussions concerning national identity and collective memory will offer the conceptual tools for my study. The comparative approach enables to reconstruct how Czech, Finnish or Polish historical consciousness and identity are engaged in representations of Russian history. The methodology of this study consists of the guidelines of textbook analysis suggested by Falk Pingel and qualitative content analysis. The Czech, Finnish and Polish textbook memories of nineteenth and early twentieth century Russia contain many images of the country. The comparative analysis demonstrates that national perspective dominates Finnish and Polish textbooks references to Russia. On the contrary, Czech textbooks perceive Russian history most often from the perspective of general world events or from the Russian perspective. The Finnish textbooks convey an ambivalent image of the Russian Empire: opportunities for Finns and multicultural tolerance are accompanied by backwardness and fierce Russification. Hence, the portrayals suggest that Finns are also willing to make compromises whereas Poles express primarily their enthusiasm to revolt. Avainsanat – Nyckelord – Keywords Collective memory, Czech Republic, Finland, history culture, history education, image of Russia, textbooks, national identity, Poland, Russian Empire, Soviet Russia Tiedekunta/Osasto – Fakultet/Sektion – Faculty Laitos – Institution – Department Valtiotieteellinen tiedekunta Politiikan ja talouden tutkimuksen laitos Tekijä – Författare – Author Minna Suikka Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title “Me” ja “he” kansallisessa kollektiivisessa muistissa: Venäjä-kuva tšekkiläisissä, suomalaisissa ja puolalaisissa historian lukion oppikirjoissa Oppiaine – Läroämne – Subject Talous- ja sosiaalihistoria / Master’s Degree Programme in European Studies Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä – Sidoantal – Number of pages Pro gradu -tutkielma 2014 113 sivua Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract Euroopassa ovat puhaltaneet muutoksen tuulet 1990- ja 2000-luvulla kylmän sodan raja-aitojen kaaduttua ja Euroopan unionin laajennettua itään. Entiset etupiirit ja viholliskuvat ovat tuulettuneet käynnissä olevan murroksen kyllästämässä moninaisten identiteettien Euroopassa. Tarkastelen pro gradu -tutkielmassani tätä taustaa vastaan, miten suhdetta Venäjään jäsennetään 2000-luvun historian lukion oppikirjoissa kolmessa valtiossa: Tšekin tasavallassa, Suomessa ja Puolassa. Keskityn Venäjän historiassa ajanjaksoon 1815 – 1922 Wienin kongressista Neuvostoliiton perustamiseen. Vertailen tutkimuksessani tšekkiläisten, suomalaisten ja puolalaisten historian oppikirjojen Venäjä- kuvan suhdetta kansalliseen muistiin ja identiteettiin. Kysyn, millä tavoin historian oppikirjoissa tehdään eroa ”meidän” ja Venäjän välille. Tutkimus valottaa kollektiivisen muistin ja identiteetin suhdetta vertailevan tutkimuksen lähtökohdista. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys rakentuu nationalismintutkimuksen ja oppikirjatutkimuksen parissa käydystä teoriakeskustelusta: sovellan ennen kaikkea kollektiivisen muistin ja kansallisen identiteetin käsitteitä. Lähestyn oppikirjoja laadullisen sisällönanalyysin tarjoamilla metodologisilla välineillä. Analyysini osoittaa, että tšekkiläisissä, suomalaisissa ja puolalaisissa historian lukion oppikirjoissa esiintyy monenlaisia Venäjä-kuvia. Suomalaisia ja puolalaisia oppikirjakuvauksia Venäjästä hallitsee vahvasti kansallinen näkökulma. Tšekkiläiset oppikirjat ovat tässä suhteessa erilaisia, koska ne tarkastelevat Venäjän historiaa ensisijaisesti maailmanhistoriallisesta, yleiseurooppalaisesta tai venäläisestä näkökulmasta. Suomalaisissa oppikirjoissa Venäjä-kuva on jossain määrin ristiriitainen, koska Venäjän keisarikunta nähtiin yhtäältä monikulttuurisen suvaitsevaisuuden ja laajojen mahdollisuuksien tyyssijana, mutta toisaalta takapajuisena ankaran venäläistämispolitiikan lietsojana. Oppikirjakuvausten perusteella suomalaiset ovat taipuvaisempia kompromisseihin, kun taas puolalaiset nousevat mieluummin avoimeen kapinaan venäläisiä vastaan. Avainsanat – Nyckelord – Keywords Historiakulttuuri, historianopetus, kansallinen identiteetti, kollektiivinen muisti, oppikirjat, neuvosto-Venäjä, Puola, Suomi, Tšekki, Venäjä-kuva, Venäjän kaisarikunta Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................... Lists of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................. 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Identities from Mitteleuropa to Norden ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Overview of Historiography: Czech, Finnish and Polish Perceptions of Past.......... 6 1.3 Russian History from Empire to Extremes ............................................................................. 12 1.4 Upper Secondary School Textbooks as Research Material ............................................ 14 1.5 Defining the Research Question ................................................................................................... 16 2 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Collective Memory............................................................................................................................... 20 2.2 Foundations of National Identity: Nation and Nationalism ........................................... 24 2.3 Collective Memory in Relation to National Identity .......................................................... 28 2.4 Textbooks as History Culture and Representations .......................................................... 30 2.5 Textbook Research and Analysis ................................................................................................. 32 3. Methodology and Research Material ............................................................................................. 37 3.1 The Role of Method and Historical Research ........................................................................ 37 3.2 On Comparative Approach .............................................................................................................. 39 3.3 Choosing the Research Material: Role of Textbooks and Curriculum ...................... 40 3.4 Qualitative Content Analysis .......................................................................................................... 47 3.5 Coding Scheme ...................................................................................................................................... 48 4 Images of Empire .......................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • They Fought for Independent Poland
    2019 Special edition PISMO CODZIENNE Independence Day, November 11, 2019 FREE AGAIN! THEY FOUGHT FOR INDEPENDENT POLAND Dear Readers, The day of November 11 – the National Independence Day – is not accidentally associated with the Polish military uni- form, its symbolism and traditions. Polish soldiers on almost all World War I fronts “threw on the pyre their lives’ fate.” When the Polish occupiers were drown- ing in disasters and revolutions, white- and-red flags were fluttering on Polish streets to mark Poland’s independence. The Republic of Poland was back on the map of Europe, although this was only the beginning of the battle for its bor- ders. Józef Piłsudski in his first order to the united Polish Army shared his feeling of joy with his soldiers: “I’m taking com- mand of you, Soldiers, at the time when the heart of every Pole is beating stron- O God! Thou who from on high ger and faster, when the children of our land have seen the sun of freedom in all its Hurls thine arrows at the defenders of the nation, glory.” He never promised them any bat- We beseech Thee, through this heap of bones! tle laurels or well-merited rest, though. On the contrary – he appealed to them Let the sun shine on us, at least in death! for even greater effort in their service May the daylight shine forth from heaven’s bright portals! for Poland. And they never let him down Let us be seen - as we die! when in 1920 Poland had to defend not only its own sovereignty, but also entire Europe against flooding bolshevism.
    [Show full text]
  • A War of Reputation and Pride
    A War of reputation and pride - An examination of the memoirs of German generals after the Second World War. HIS 4090 Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo Spring 2019 1 “For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie -- deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -- persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.” – John F. Kennedy, 19621 1John F. Kennedy, Yale University Commencement Address, https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkyalecommencement.htm, [01.05.2019]. 2 Acknowledgments This master would not have been written without the help and support of my mother, father, friends and my better half, thank you all for your support. I would like to thank the University Library of Oslo and the British Library in London for providing me with abundant books and articles. I also want to give huge thanks to the Military Archive in Freiburg and their employees, who helped me find the relevant materials for this master. Finally, I would like to thank my supervisor at the University of Oslo, Professor Kim Christian Priemel, who has guided me through the entire writing process from Autumn 2017. Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse, Oslo, 01.05.2019 3 Contents: Introduction………………………………………………………………………...………... 7 Chapter 1, Theory and background………………………………………………..………17 1.1 German Military Tactics…………………………………………………..………. 17 1.1.1 Blitzkrieg, Kesselschlacht and Schwerpunkt…………………………………..……. 17 1.1.2 Examples from early campaigns……………………………………………..……… 20 1.2 The German attack on the USSR (1941)……………………………..…………… 24 1.2.1 ‘Vernichtungskrieg’, war of annihilation………………………………...………….. 24 1.2.2 Operation Barbarossa………………………………………………..……………… 28 1.2.3 Operation Typhoon…………………………………………………..………………. 35 1.2.4 The strategic situation, December 1941…………………………….……………….
    [Show full text]
  • Kiev 1941: Hitler's Battle for Supremacy in the East
    Kiev 1941 In just four weeks in the summer of 1941 the German Wehrmacht wrought unprecedented destruction on four Soviet armies, conquering central Ukraine and killing or capturing three-quarters of a million men. This was the battle of Kiev – one of the largest and most decisive battles of World War II and, for Hitler and Stalin, a battle of crucial importance. For the first time, David Stahel charts the battle’s dramatic course and after- math, uncovering the irreplaceable losses suffered by Germany’s ‘panzer groups’ despite their battlefield gains, and the implications of these losses for the German war effort. He illuminates the inner workings of the German army as well as the experiences of ordinary soldiers, showing that with the Russian winter looming and Soviet resistance still unbroken, victory came at huge cost and confirmed the turning point in Germany’s war in the east. David Stahel is an independent researcher based in Berlin. His previous publications include Operation Barbarossa and Germany’s Defeat in the East (Cambridge, 2009). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Kiev 1941 Hitler’s Battle for Supremacy in the East David Stahel Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107014596 c David Stahel 2012 This publication is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • The Successor States of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the Polish Diplomacy (1918–1920)
    Retrieved from https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/pnh [10.08.2021] REVIEW OF HISTORICAL SCIENCES 2017, VOL. XVI, NO. 3 http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1644-857X.16.03.06 DARIUSZ JEZIORNY UNIVERSITY OF LODZ* The successor states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the Polish diplomacy (1918–1920) Summary. Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, the Kingdom of SCS and Poland are the countries referred to as successor states of the Habsburg Monarchy since they were established out of its ruins. This article focuses on how meaningful these Central European states were to Polish diplomacy in 1918– 1920, i.e. the period which was decisive in the creation of their independent existence. The aim of the article is to answer the question of how the gradual breakup of the unitary Austria-Hungary in 1918 was perceived by the Polish political elites. It will also examine what stance the government of the indepen- dent Polish state adopted towards the new countries that were being formed after the dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. All the states which were fully or par- tially composed of the former Austro-Hungarian territories are considered with the exception of Italy which was already recognised as one of the most important European powers and after its annexation of the Habsburg lands on the Adriatic Sea was even more of a power. PNHThe article will also explore whether the emerging countries played any role in the development of Polish foreign policy and if so, how significant this role was. A similar question can be asked in the case of the entire territory of the Danube Region.
    [Show full text]
  • Playground of Violence: Mennonites and Makhnovites in the Time of War and Revolution
    International Relations and Diplomacy, July 2015, Vol. 3, No. 7, 439-447 D doi: 10.17265/2328-2134/2015.07.001 DAVID PUBLISHING Playground of Violence: Mennonites and Makhnovites in the Time of War and Revolution Mikhail Akulov The Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Focusing on the relationship between the German Mennonite colonists and the self-professed followers of Nestor Makhno, this paper attempts to present a view of the Revolution in which participants are seen primarily through the framework of competition, rather than through binary narrative structures of victims vs. perpetrators, bourgeoisie vs. proletariat, revolutionaries vs. counterrevolutionaries, etc.. Always with an eye at a real or an imagined opponent, the Mennonites and the avowed adherents of the fabled bat’ko ended up profoundly influencing one another, conditioning one’s moves and limiting one’s latitude as does the omnipresent other vis-a-vis the unfolding self. In that light, violence, which both sides had on their record, functioned to cement such ongoing dialects, carrying the protagonists of these turbulent times well beyond their original intentions. Keywords: Russian Civil War, violence, Makhno, Mennonites, revolution Introduction The Russian Revolution, a subject relegated from the top priorities of the scholarly scrutiny in the late 1990s and early 2000s, is now making a comeback. The multiple jubilees are certainly working in its favor. Thus, pouncing upon the opportunity proffered last year by the centennial anniversary of the Great
    [Show full text]
  • Polish Mathematicians and Mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire)
    Science in Poland Stanisław Domoradzki ORCID 0000-0002-6511-0812 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów (Rzeszów, Poland) [email protected] Małgorzata Stawiska ORCID 0000-0001-5704-7270 Mathematical Reviews (Ann Arbor, USA) [email protected] Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire) Abstract In this article we present diverse experiences of Polish math- ematicians (in a broad sense) who during World War I fought for freedom of their homeland or conducted their research and teaching in difficult wartime circumstances. We discuss not only individual fates, but also organizational efforts of many kinds (teaching at the academic level outside traditional institutions, Polish scientific societies, publishing activities) in order to illus- trate the formation of modern Polish mathematical community. PUBLICATION e-ISSN 2543-702X INFO ISSN 2451-3202 DIAMOND OPEN ACCESS CITATION Domoradzki, Stanisław; Stawiska, Małgorzata 2018: Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire. Studia Historiae Scientiarum 17, pp. 23–49. Available online: https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.18.003.9323. ARCHIVE RECEIVED: 2.02.2018 LICENSE POLICY ACCEPTED: 22.10.2018 Green SHERPA / PUBLISHED ONLINE: 12.12.2018 RoMEO Colour WWW http://www.ejournals.eu/sj/index.php/SHS/; http://pau.krakow.pl/Studia-Historiae-Scientiarum/ Stanisław Domoradzki, Małgorzata Stawiska Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I ... In Part I we focus on mathematicians affiliated with the ex- isting Polish institutions of higher education: Universities in Lwów in Kraków and the Polytechnical School in Lwów, within the Austro-Hungarian empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Ojcowie Niepodległości
    OJCOWIE NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI PIŁSUDSKI DMOWSKI PADEREWSKI WITOS KORFANTY DASZYŃSKI FATHERS OF INDEPENDENCE Autorzy wystawy: dr Zofia Fenrych, Mateusz Lipko Współpraca: Grzegorz Czapski, Maciej Frycz, Paweł Miedziński, Magdalena Ruczyńska, dr Paweł Skubisz, prof. Włodzimierz Suleja Redakcja i tłumaczenie: Grażyna Waluga Projekt wystawy: Krzysztof Drumiński, Jakub Walkowicz (2code.pl) Odbudowa państwa Prezentujemy następujące postaci: polskiego po 123 latach Józef Piłsudski, Roman niewoli była wydarzeniem Dmowski, Ignacy Jan przełomowym. Wysiłek wielu Paderewski, Wincenty Witos, Polaków, trud i ofiara Wojciech Korfanty poniesiona na frontach i Ignacy Daszyński. I wojny światowej oraz Jest wśród nich artysta, są dyplomaci, żołnierze i politycy, aktywne działania a także działacze społeczni. Reprezentowali różne poglądy polityczne, różnili się dyplomatyczne przynależnością społeczną i religią, urodzili się pod doprowadziły do narodzenia różnymi zaborami. Mimo to potrafili zjednoczyć się wokół jednego, się II Rzeczypospolitej. nadrzędnego celu: NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI. Nie oznaczało to, że we wszystkim byli zgodni i we wszystkim wzorowo Liderami tego procesu byli współdziałali. tytułowi Ojcowie Pozostali wierni własnym poglądom, ale wykorzystując sprzyjające warunki zewnętrzne, poprowadzili Polaków Niepodległości. ku WOLNOŚCI. Stanisław Bagieński, Rozbrajanie Niemców przed Główną Komendą na placu Saskim w Warszawie, 1939, olej na płótnie / Muzeum Wojska Polskiego w Warszawie Stanisław Bagieński, The disarming of Germans in front of the Headquarters at Saski
    [Show full text]
  • Memorialization of the Jewish Tragedy at Babi Yar Aleksandr Burakovskiy∗
    Nationalities Papers Vol. 39, No. 3, May 2011, 371–389 Holocaust remembrance in Ukraine: memorialization of the Jewish tragedy at Babi Yar Aleksandr Burakovskiy∗ Independent Scholar, United States (Received 24 November 2009; final version received 26 January 2011) At the core of the debate in Ukraine about Babi Yar lies the Holocaust. Between 1941 and 1943 1.5 million Jews perished in Ukraine, yet a full understanding of that tragedy has been suppressed consistently by ideologies and interpretations of history that minimize or ignore this tragedy. For Soviet ideologues, admitting to the existence of the Holocaust would have been against the tenet of a “Soviet people” and the aggressive strategy of eliminating national and religious identities. A similar logic of oneness is being applied now in the ideological formation of an independent Ukraine. However, rather than one Soviet people, now there is one Ukrainian people under which numerous historical tragedies are being subsumed, and the unique national tragedies of other peoples on the territory of Ukraine, such as the massive destruction of Jews, is again being suppressed. According to this political idea assiduously advocated most recently during the Yushchenko presidency, the twentieth century in Ukraine was a battle for liberation. Within this new, exclusive history, the Holocaust, again, has found no real place. The author reviews the complicated history regarding the memorialization of the Jewish tragedy in Babi Yar through three broad chronological periods: 1943–1960, 1961–1991, and 1992–2009. Keywords: Babi Yar; Jews in Ukraine; anti-Semitism; Holocaust At the core of the decades-long debate in Ukraine about the memorialization of the Jewish tragedy at Babi Yar lies a lack of acknowledgement of the Holocaust.
    [Show full text]
  • German Defeat/Red Victory: Change and Continuity in Western and Russian Accounts of June-December 1941
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2018 German Defeat/Red Victory: Change and Continuity in Western and Russian Accounts of June-December 1941 David Sutton University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Sutton, David, German Defeat/Red Victory: Change and Continuity in Western and Russian Accounts of June-December 1941, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Humanities and Social Inquiry, University of Wollongong, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorializing Babyn Yar
    Linköping University - Department of Social and Welfare Studies (ISV) Master´s Thesis, 30 Credits – MA in Ethnic and Migration Studies (EMS) ISRN: LiU-ISV/EMS-A--19/06--SE Memorializing Babyn Yar: Politics of Memory and Commemoration of the Holocaust in Ukraine Galyna Kutsovska Supervisor: Peo Hansen TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... iv List of Abbreviations and Acronyms......................................................................................... vi Explanation of Definitions and Terminology ...........................................................................vii List of Illustrations.................................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 Background: The Holocaust – a Politically Charged Topic in Soviet Historical Culture ...... 1 Research Questions and Purpose ............................................................................................ 3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 4 Choice of Case Study ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Tank Development During the Second World War Jeremy Paugh Concordia University - Portland, [email protected]
    Concordia University - Portland CU Commons Undergraduate Theses Spring 2019 Steel Monsters: Soviet Tank Development during the Second World War Jeremy Paugh Concordia University - Portland, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.cu-portland.edu/theses Part of the History Commons CU Commons Citation Paugh, Jeremy, "Steel Monsters: Soviet Tank Development during the Second World War" (2019). Undergraduate Theses. 185. https://commons.cu-portland.edu/theses/185 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by CU Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of CU Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HST 493- Steel Monsters: Soviet Armor Development During World War 2 A senior thesis submitted to The Department of History College of Arts & Sciences In partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree in History By: Jeremy Paugh Faculty Supervisor ______________________________________________ _____________ Dr. Joel Davis Date Department Chair _______________________________________________ _____________ Kimberly Knutsen Date Dean, College of Arts & Sciences ________________________________________________ _____________ Dr. Michael Thomas Date Provost _______________________________________________________ _____________ Michelle Cowing Date Concordia University Portland, Oregon May, 2018 1 Abstract: This thesis aims to explore the far-reaching effects of armored warfare and tank
    [Show full text]
  • Documentary Evidence of Underground and Guerrilla Activities During the Nazi Occupation of Kiev and the Kiev Oblast'
    Documentary Evidence of Underground and Guerrilla Activities During the Nazi Occupation of Kiev and the Kiev Oblast' Fond P-4 Opis’ 1 Underground CP(b)U obkom and materialon underground partisan activities around the Kiev oblast’ Fond P-4 Opis’ 2 Underground CP(b)U city committee on underground and partisan activities around the city Fond P-4 Opis’ 5 Documentary material of the party and Komsomol underground network and the partisan movement in Kiev and the Kiev oblast’ during the Nazi occupation /not approved by the party obkom 1 By Vladimir Danilenko, Director of the State Archive of the Kiev Oblast’ From the State Archive of the Kiev Oblast (GAKO) comes a collection of documents pertaining to underground and guerrilla activities during the German occupation of Kiev and the Kiev Oblast (Fond P-4). This collection was put together in the archives of the Kiev Oblast committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine CPU) in the late 1970s and early 1980s based on documents found in the stacks of the Kiev Oblast [party] committee, the oblast industrial committee, city and town committees of the CPU and и LKSMU (Communist League of Youth) of Kiev and Kiev oblsast’ and the party committee of MVD USSR. The collection was transferred to GAKO in 1991 together with the other fonds of the Kiev Oblast CPU Committee. Fond P-4 has six opisi systematized on the structural-chronological principle. This collection includes documents from the first, second and fifth opisi. There is not a single example in the history of warfare where a guerrilla movement and underground war effort played such a big role as it did during the last world war.
    [Show full text]