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CERN Honours Carlo Rubbia As He Turns 75

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CERN Honours Carlo Rubbia As He Turns 75 FACES AND PLACES CELEBRATION CERN honours Carlo Rubbia as he turns 75 On 7 April CERN hosted a celebration to mark Carlo Rubbia’s 75th birthday and the 25th anniversary of the award to him of the Nobel Prize in Physics. “Today we will celebrate 100 years of Carlo Rubbia,” quipped CERN’s director-general Rolf Heuer in opening the symposium held in Rubbia’s honour. Rubbia received the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics together with Simon van der Meer for their contributions to the discovery of the W and Z bosons, the carriers of the weak interaction. During the symposium colleagues recalled the accelerator and detector developments that made possible this discovery – and with it the first Nobel prize for research at CERN. Speakers also looked at other areas of science to which Rubbia has made decisive contributions and in which he retains a passionate interest. CERN honours Carlo Rubbia. From left to right: Sergio Bertolucci, Robert Klapisch, Sven Kullander, Michel Spiro, director of the French Rolf Heuer, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Herwig Schopper, Giovanni Bignami, Carlo Rubbia, Michel National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Spiro, Lyn Evans and Alan Astbury. Physics of the CNRS, began with an overview of neutrinos in particle physics and accelerator teams was later to bear fruit strongly, in particular during his own mandate astrophysics. He reminded the audience of with the successful start up of the LHC in as director-general. Rubbia’s experiments from the 1960s and September 2008. Moving beyond CERN and terrestrial 1970s that had involved neutrinos, as well Rubbia’s experiment to search for the W particle physics, Giovanni Bignami, former as his important contributions to innovative and Z, named UA1 after its location on the president of the Italian Space Agency and technologies in use now, and in the future, ring, was put together by a collaboration of professor at the IUSS School for Advanced for neutrino physics and neutrino astronomy. some 130 physicists and engineers (CERN Studies in Pavia, took a delightful journey into These include the large-scale water Courier May 2003 p26). Alan Astbury, now space. He described the current frontiers of Cherenkov detectors and the liquid-argon with the University of Victoria and one-time astronomy, 400 years after Galileo Galilei time-projection chamber. co-spokesperson of UA1, looked at the task the began to use a telescope to study the CERN’s Lyn Evans was closely involved experiment and its sibling, UA2, had to fulfil to heavens, showing how important “particle with the accelerator work that made possible find the predicted W and Z particles. UA1 was astronomy” is now becoming. the conversion of the SPS into the world’s very much a general-purpose detector, the first Hans Joachim Schellnhuber of the Potsdam first proton–antiproton collider, the machine ancestor of detectors such as ATLAS and CMS Institute for Climate Research and Sven that enabled the discovery of the W and at the LHC, while UA2 was more specialized. Kullander of the Royal Swedish Academy of Z particles. As early as 1968, van der Meer The path to the W and Z was not without Science both spoke about an issue to which had the idea of “stochastic cooling”, in which obstacles, as Astbury recalled, but by 1983 Rubbia has dedicated himself in recent beam fluctuations are damped down by both experiments had clear evidence for the W years – renewable energy. While president of feedback from the fluctuations themselves. and Z events. the Italian alternative-energy agency ENEA He initially thought his idea “too far-fetched”, The results from UA1 and UA2 emerged (between 1999 and 2005) Rubbia developed but the technique was demonstrated at the just as collaborations were putting together a novel method for concentrating solar power Intersecting Storage Rings in 1974. It formed technical proposals for the experiments at at high temperatures for energy production, a key part of Rubbia’s proposal to convert the LEP, the 27 km electron–positron collider that known as the Archimedes Project, which is SPS into a proton–antiproton collider to reach was to be built at CERN in the 1980s. Former currently being developed by industry for a higher energy regime. Authorization for the CERN director-general Herwig Schopper commercial use. modifications to the SPS came in 1978 and talked about the background to the LEP ● The presentations and a recording of their implementation began in 1980, followed proposal and its subsequent success. It later the symposium are available at http:// by the first proton–antiproton collisions on gave way to the LHC, the existence of which indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay. 10 July 1981. The experience gained by the owes a great deal to Rubbia, who pushed for it py?confId=54479. CERN Courier June 2009 27 CCJun09Faces.indd 27 19/5/09 09:47:43 FACES AND PLACES LABORATORIES MEETINGS Groundbreaking ceremonies take place EDS ’09, the 13th International Conference on Elastic & Diffractive Scattering (13th for Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade… “Blois Workshop”) will be held on 29 June – 3 July at CERN. The conference will The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator discuss the physics of high-energy hadronic Facility (Jefferson Lab) in Newport News, interactions with a focus on: elastic and Virginia, marked the beginning of construction total hadron–hadron cross-sections, soft/ of its $310 million (79.5 million) 12 GeV hard diffractive collisions, central-exclusive upgrade project with a groundbreaking processes, photon-induced collisions, low-x ceremony on 14 April. The event was attended QCD and heavy-ions, and ultrahigh-energy by more than 400 people, including local, cosmic rays. Talks will include the status of state and national political leaders. the LHC and a discussion on experimental The 12 GeV upgrade at Jefferson Lab, which Mayor of Newport News, Joe Frank, addresses techniques in forward physics. See http:// will be completed in 2015, will double the attendees at a groundbreaking event for Jefferson eds09.web.cern.ch/eds09/. energy of the laboratory’s electron-beam Lab’s 12 GeV upgrade. (Courtesy JLab photos.) accelerator, from the current value of The international summer course, Digital 6 GeV (CERN Courier April 2009 p15). The stimulus funds to accelerate the work. Libraries à la Carte, will be held on upgrade project, which also includes the The 12 GeV project guarantees Jefferson 28 July – 5 August at Tilburg University, the construction of a fourth experimental hall, Lab’s future well beyond the next decade. It will Netherlands. The programme consists of a a 250 ft extension to the underground also allow the laboratory to pursue broader, “menu” of seven one-day modules: Strategic accelerator tunnel, and new roads and more effective collaborations, while training Developments and Library Management; utilities, recently received $65 million in the next generation of scientists and engineers. Change – Making it Happen in Your Library; Tomorrow’s Library Leaders; Integrated Search Solutions Toward Catalogue 2.0; …and for the latest long-baseline Institutional Repositories – Preservation and Advocacy; Libraries and Research Data neutrino experiment in Minnesota – Embracing New Content; Libraries and Collaborative Research Communities. On 1 May congressmen James Oberstar See www.tilburguniversity.nl/ticer/09carte/. of Minnesota and Bill Foster of Illinois joined officials from the US Department of The 9th Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) Conference Energy (DOE), Fermilab and the University will be held on 7–11 September. This is a of Minnesota to break ground for the NuMI biennial series that brings together physicists, Off-Axis Neutrino Appearance (NOvA) project. materials scientists, biologists and other The experiment is to study neutrino oscillation scientists using ion beams for analysis. In using a new detector 60 km southeast of Ground-breaking gives the NOvA project an official the centenary year of the first Rutherford International Falls, Minnesota, near the start. (Courtesy Fermilab Visual Media Services.) backscattering spectrometry experiment the US–Canada border. 2009 meeting is being held at the University of The NOvA experiment is designed to The new far detector, which will contain Cambridge, where Rutherford was Cavendish search for oscillations of muon–neutrinos 15 kt of liquid scintillator, will measure Professor of Physics. It is being organized in to electron–neutrinos by comparing the 15.7 × 15.7 × 78 m. A smaller copy of the far collaboration with the Institute of Physics. For electron–neutrino event rate measured at detector will be constructed in the NuMI beam more details, see www.iba2009.org. Fermilab with the electron–neutrino event on the Fermilab site to measure the neutrino rate at the new site, 810 km away. It will use event rates prior to oscillation. Sponsored by the Institute of Nuclear the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) The NOvA Detector Facility will reside in Materials Management, the International beam at Fermilab, which is producing a laboratory at the University of Minnesota, Conference on Advanced Methods of Laser neutrinos for the MINOS experiment. Unlike which currently runs the Soudan Underground Applications in Nuclear Science and Neutron the MINOS far detector, which is located on Laboratory where the MINOS far detector Scattering will take place on 2–7 December the centreline of the neutrino beam, the NOvA is located. The DOE Office of Science has in Alexandria. Abstracts should be detector will be slightly off the centreline. This provided $40.1 million (729 million) in submitted to Prof. Ashraf Elsayed Mohamed off-axis location produces a large neutrino Recovery Act funding for the construction Mohamed at [email protected] flux that peaks at 2 GeV, the energy where project. It will also provide $9.9 million in or [email protected]. For more oscillation to electron–neutrinos is expected Recovery Act funding to Fermilab, which details, see www.iaea.org/cgi-bin/maeps.
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