U.S. Constitution
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SPECIAL U.S. Constitution Nanci Bell This is a promotional item and is not for sale. © 2016 Nanci Bell Written and edited by Valarie Jones and Daniel Scott. Ivan artwork by Henry Santos and Valarie Jones. See Time Fly and Visualizing and Verbalizing are registered trademarks of Nanci Bell. All art is copyright and trademark of their respective owners. Produced by Gander Publishing, P.O. Box 780, Avila Beach, CA 93424 U.S. All rights reserved. For more See Time Fly® History Stories and other Visualizing and Verbalizing® products, go to www.GanderPublishing.com. 1 Flight 1 George Washington 1732-1799 T his new Flight is about one of the men who created the United States. We call these men Founding Fathers. George Washington was probably the tallest, at six feet tall. Imagine a guy that big riding on a horse! Must have been a big horse. George fought in the French and Indian Wars in loads of battles and was even a captive of the French for a time. That’s brave! I don’t mind a small war with the dog down the street, but not the kind of war George was in! He kept a diary, and it was published, making him pretty famous in the colonies. War is never pretty but sometimes it becomes necessary. If I go to war again, no sword or other weapon can match these claws. But George had to fight without enough weapons! I guess he and his men wanted independence and were willing to fight and die for it. Luckily, we enjoy that independence today. Well, I do, except that I can’t fill my own food bowl. Washington Crossing the Delaware, by Emanuel Leutze, 1851 2 Born on his family’s large farm at the edge of the Virginia woods, George Washington learned early to be strong, and this served him well later as the first president of the United States. With his father often away, young George worked in the fields and tended to the animals. When his chores were done he was free to go ride his horse, an escape he loved all his life. But George was just 111 when his father died, and he became the man of the house. He quit his studies and worked from dawn to dusk. 1. Do you think George got his chores done quickly? Why or why not? 2. Why do you think George had to work in the fields? 3. Do you think George had a lot of work to do, or a little? Explain. 4. Do you think George had much time to play or ride his horse after his father died? Why or why not? 5. Why do you think George quit his studies when his father died? By the time he was 14, George yearned for adventure. He argued with his mom about joining the British Navy. Still grieving his father’s death, his mom would not allow him to go. At 15, the frustrated boy taught himself how to map land and survive in the dense woodlands he lived in. His hard work and attention to detail helped him learn these skills. As soon as he was 21 he joined the colonial militia. The 2British signed up the tall, determined young man as war brewed with the French colonies further inland from the English colonies. 1. Why do you think George wanted to join the British Navy at 14? 2. Why do you think George’s mother did not want him to join the Navy? 3. Do you think George’s mother was happy when he joined the militia? Why or why not? 4. Do you think George would have learned to map and survive in the dense woodlands if he had joined the Navy? Explain. 5. Do you think George’s skills as a woodsman helped him fight the French colonists? Why or why not? Wool Act is passed, outlawing wool imports from colonies Tobacco becomes an export staple for Virginia Stamp Act passes; colonists outraged England declares war on Spain George works as frontier surveyor French and Indian War starts George marries Martha Dandridge Custis George III becomes King of England Townshend Act places more taxes on colonial imports First English settlers in Roanoke Virginia becomes first colony First session of first colonial legisltive assembly French explore North America King James II consolidates colonies, removes rights George Washington born 1585 1607 1616 1619 1673 1682 1699 1732 1739 1748 1754 1759 1760 1765 1767 3 Hardworking Washington rose in rank to officer quickly in the colonies’ militia. He made up for his lack of proper training by poring over books about famous battles and strategies late each night in his tent. He soon gained fame for his courage in the French and Indian War. He once had two horses shot from under him during one battle. Later that day he found bullet fragments in his hair and holes in his coat and hat, but he was unharmed. The King of England issued a Royal Decree that stated that men like George, a colonist, could not be ranked higher than captain. For Washington, this would mean a step down. In protest, he resigned and 3returned to his farm at Mt. Vernon. 1. Why do you think George rose in rank to officer quickly? 2. Why do you think George read books about battles and strategies? 3. How do you think George’s courage made him famous? 4. Do you think George was safe during the French and Indian War, or in danger? Explain. 5. How do you think George felt when the King of England decreed that colonists could not be ranked higher than captain? Washington still felt a sense of duty to serve, so he joined the Virginia Congress. In 1775 folks in the colonies chafed at the many taxes demanded by King George III of England, and some spoke of war. George fanned the flames of “revolution fever” with his strong speeches in favor of a free and self-ruling country. When the colonies finally chose to go to war, they picked him to lead their new Continental Army. The British Red Coats were the most powerful army in the world, and Washington had to face them with a rag-tag army of farmers and laborers. His men were poorly armed and often lacked enough food to eat or coats to keep them warm. But Washington worked tirelessly to train his men and keep their spirits up even when he had his own doubts. He turned 4his men into a well-trained army. 1. Why do you think people chafed at the taxes demanded by King George III? 2. Why do you think some of the colonists spoke of war? 3. Why do you think George gave speeches in favor of a free and self-ruling country? 4. Why do you think the colonists only had a “rag-tag army of farmers?” Why didn’t they have a professional army? 5. Why do you think Washington worked to train his men and keep their spirits up? Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts, so-called for colonists’ anger at more taxes George attends first Continental Congress George made commander in chief of Continental army George has Declaration of Independence read to his troops George surprises British troops at the Delaware Battle of Saratoga France recognizes United States Valley Forge U.S. and France sign treaty of alliance France and Spain declare war on England Battle of Charlestown British General Cornwallis surrenders Treaty of Paris ends Revolutionary War George signs the U.S. Constitution George elected president of United States George dies at Mt. Vernon Declaration of Independence 1770 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1780 1781 1783 1787 1789 1799 4 (clockwise from left) Young Washington, by Charles Wilson Peale, 1779; political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin, showing the colonies as parts of a snake; The Battle of Bunker Hill, by Howard Pyle, 1897; an aging Washington, by Rembrandt Peale, 1795 Having helped the rebels win the war for freedom from England, Washington hoped to retire back to his farm and family. But his officers wanted to make him the new king. George was horrified at the thought—he had fought the very idea of a king!—but he knew that the small nation would need a strong leader. He listened to men from the newly-unified states as they argued about how to run the new country. But when he spoke up, everyone else fell silent. When it came time to choose a wise, 5respected man to be the first president, all votes went to George. The battle-hardened veteran accepted, served for eight years, and then retired to Mt. Vernon a hero. 1. Why do you think George wanted to retire back to his farm after the war? 2. How do you think George felt about becoming the king of the United States? 3. Why do you think that everyone fell silent when George spoke up? 4. Why do you think people wanted George to be the first president? 5. Why do you think George thought the new nation needed a strong leader? 5 Ivan says— After fighting in so many wars, I guess old George was pretty good at managing difficult people and stuff. You need that kind of experience to be in government. I tried to form a government in the neighborhood, but the other animals seemed to be like George...in that they didn’t want there to be a king, which would of course be me.