Draft Report

RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY

of EXPANSION PROJECT OF M/s RAMA SHYMA PAPERS LTD. (PAPER PRODUCTION CAPACITY TO 150 TPD AGRO RESIDUE’ PULP PRODUCTION CAPACITY TO 100 TPD) at Vill. Rajau Paraspur/Bahadurpur Karod, Tehsil Faridpur, Bareilly, UP.

Prepared by EPSILON PROJECTS PVT. LTD. LUCKNOW

Rama Shyma Papers Ltd.

CONTENTS

Page No. 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Preamble 2 1.2 Purpose of the Report 2 1.3 Identification of Project and Project Proponent 2 1.3.1 About the Project 2 1.3.2 Project Proponent 3 1.4 Brief Description of the Project 3 1.4.1 Salient Features of the Project 3 1.4.2 Project Cost 5 1.4.3 Description of the Site 5 1.5 Study Area and Period 6 1.6 Scope of the Study 6 1.7 Methodology for EIA 7 1.7.1 Topography 7 1.7.2 Water Bodies 7 1.7.3 Meteorology 7 1.7.4 Air Environment 8 1.7.5 Noise Environment 8 1.7.6 Water Environment 8 1.7.7 Soil 8 1.7.8 Ecology 8 1.7.9 Socio-economic Environment 8 1.7.10 Impact Assessment of the Study Area 8 1.7.11 Analysis of Alternatives 9 1.7.12 Environmental Monitoring Programme 9 1.7.13 Additional Studies 9 1.7.14 Project Benefit 9 1.7.15 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 9 1.7.16 Disclosures of Consultants 9 1.7.17 Executive Summary 9 1.8 Comprehensive Terms of reference 9 2. Project Description (Proposed Expansion & Existing Plant - Brief Details) 10 2.1 The Existing Plant (Brief Details) 11 2.1.1 Existing Plant & Equipment 11 2.1.1.1 Raw Material Preparation System of 12 T/hr. Capacity 11 2.1.1.2 Wet Washing System for the Raw Material 11 2.1.1.3 Agro Residue Pulping System 11 2.1.1.4 Pulp Washing System 11 2.1.1.5 Pulp Refining System 11 2.1.1.6 Waste Paper Pulp Street 11 2.1.1.7 Chemical Preparation and Dosing Systems 11 2.1.1.8 Approach Flow System Comprising of 11 2.1.1.9 Paper Machine Type Combination MG/MF Four Drinier 11 Type 2.1.1.10 Finishing Equipment Comprising 12 2.1.1.11 Boiler Plant Comprising 12

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2.1.1.12 Laboratory 12 2.1.1.13 Water Supply System 12 2.1.1.14 Compressed Air System 12 2.1.1.15 DG SETS: 500 KVA-6 No. & 600 KVA- 1 No. 12 2.1.1.16 Chemical Recovery Plant of 120 TPD BL Solids 12 2.1.1.17 Effluent Treatment Plant of about 1,500 KL/D Capacity 12 2.1.1.18 Fibre Recovery System: 12 2.1.2 The Manufacturing Process 12 2.1.2.1 Raw Material Preparation 13 2.1.2.2 Pulping Process 13 2.1.2.3 Washing and Screening of Pulp 13 2.1.2.4 Chemical Recovery 14 2.1.2.5 Recycled Waste Paper Pulp 15 2.1.2.6 Refining & Chemical Additives of Pulp 15 2.1.2.7 Sheet Formation 15 2.1.2.8 Fibre Recovery System 15 2.1.2.9 Rewinding & cutting of sheets 15 2.1.2.10 Packing 15 2.1.3 Requirement and Availability of Raw Materials & Chemicals 15 2.1.4 Requirement and Availability of Utilities 16 2.1.5 Waste Water Generation, Treatment and Disposal 16 2.1.5.1 Process Waste Water Treatment and Disposal System 17 2.1.5.2 Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Disposal System 18 2.1.6 Air Pollution and Control 18 2.1.6.1 Sources of Air Pollution 18 2.1.6.2 Air Pollution Control System 18 2.1.7 Solid Waste Generation and Disposal 19 2.1.8 Regulatory Compliances 19 2.2 The Details of the Proposed Mill Expansion (MEP) 20 2.2.1 Introduction 20 2.2.2 Project Category 20 2.2.3 Layout of the Proposed Project 20 2.2.4 Land Requirement 20 2.2.5 Proposed Mill Expansion Plan (MEP) 21 2.2.5.1 Sodium Balance in the process Pre & Post Project 22 2.2.5.2 Economics of the CRP 23 2.2.6 Energy Conservation 23 2.2.7 Project Schedule 24 2.2.8 Cost of the Project 24 2.2.9 Product 25 2.2.9.1 Product Grades 26 2.2.10 Manufacturing Process Description 26 2.2.11 Raw Material, Chemicals and Fuel Requirement 26 at Full Capacity Utilization 2.2.12 Utilities and Fuel Requirement at Full Capacity Utilization 27 2.2.12.1 Details of Water Requirement 27 2.2.12.2 Breakup of Recycled Water Usage 28 2.2.12.3 Back Water Generation & Reuse 28 2.2.13 Waste Water Generation, Treatment and Disposal 29 2.2.14 Solid Waste Generation and Disposal 30 2.2.15 Air Pollution Control 30 2.2.16 Capital & Running Cost of the proposed Environmental 31

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Control System 3 Baseline Environmental Data 32 3.1 Salient Features of the Study Area 33 3.1.1 Location 33 3.1.2 History of Bareilly District 33 3.1.3 Topography 34 3.1.4 River and Canal System 34 3.1.5 Economy 34 3.1.6 Places of Interest 34 3.1.7 Flood History of Area 35 3.1.8 Seismic History of Area 35 3.2 Geology & Hydrogeology 36 3.3 Meteorology 37 3.3.1 Methodology 38 3.3.7 Summary of Observed Parameters 38 3.3.8 Historical Meteorological Data 39 3.4 Ambient Air Quality 43 3.4.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 43 3.4.1.1 Selection of Sampling Locations 43 3.4.1.2 Frequency, Parameters for Sampling and Analytical 45 Techniques 3.4.1.3 Presentation of Results 45 3.4.1.4 Observations 47 3.4.2 Traffic Pattern & Density 47 3.5 Noise Level Survey 50 3.5.1 Identification of Sampling Locations 50 3.5.2 Noise Measurements 51 3.5.3 Presentation of Results 51 3.5.4 Noise Status of the Study Area 53 3.6 Water Environment 53 3.6.1 Water Quantity 53 3.6.2 Water Quality 56 3.6.2.1Methodology 56 3.6.3 Water Sampling Locations 57 3.6.4 Presentation of Results 60 3.6.4.1 Surface Water Quality 67 3.6.4.2 Ground Water Quality 67 3.7 Soil Quality 67 3.7.1 Data Generation 67 3.7.2 Baseline Soil Status 69 3.8 Flora and Fauna Studies 69 3.8.1 Introduction 69 3.8.2 Flora 69 3.8.3 Fauna of the Study Area 73 3.8.4 Endangered & Vulnerable Species in Study Area 79 3.9 Socio-Economic Environment 79 3.9.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study 79 3.9.2 Demographic Status 80 3.9.3 Amenities of the Study Area: Infrastructural Facilities 82 3.9.4 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area 89 3.9.5 Observations 90 3.9.6 Change in Demographic Pattern of Bareilly District 91 3.9.7 Conclusion 92

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4 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 93 4.1 Introduction 94 4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase 94 4.3 Impacts during Operation Phase 96 4.3.1 Impact on Land Use 96 4.3.2 Impact on Soil Quality 96 4.3.3 Impact on Topography and Climate 97 4.3.4 Impact on Air Quality 97 4.3.5 Impact on Water Resources 98 4.3.6 Impact on Water Quality 98 4.3.7 Impact of Effluents on Soil Characteristics 99 4.3.8 Impact of Solid Wastes on Soil Characteristics 99 4.3.9 Impact on Noise Levels 100 4.3.10 Impact on Ecology 101 4.3.11 Impact on Aquatic Ecology 101 4.3.12 Demography and Socio-Economics 101 4.3.13 Impact on Sensitive Targets 102 4.2.14 Impact on Human Settlement 103 4.3.15 Impact on Civic Amenities 103 4.3.16 Impact on Health 103 4.4 Overall Impact Statement 104 5 Analysis of Alternatives 105 6 Environmental Monitoring Plan 107 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Schedule during Construction Phase 108 6.2 Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase 109 6.3 Data Analysis 110 6.4 Infrastructure for Environmental Monitoring 111 6.5 Environment Management Group (EMG) 111 7 Risk Assessment 113 7.1 Introduction 114 7.2 Project Background 114 7.3 Scope of the Study 114 7.4 Approach of the Study 115 7.4.1 Hazard Identification 115 7.4.1.1 Methodology 115 7.4.1.2 Identification of Major Hazardous Units 115 7.4.2 Consequences Analysis 115 7.4.3 Hazard Assessment and Evaluation 116 7.5 Hazard Identification 116 7.5.1 Analysis of Units 116 7.5.2 Principal Site Hazards 116 7.5.3 Common Causes of Accidents 118 7.6 Consequences Analysis 118 7.7 Hazard Assessment and Evaluation 118 7.7.1 Primary Hazard Analysis 121 7.8 Disaster Management Plan 124 7.8.1 Disasters 124 7.8.2 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan [DMP] 125 7.9 Emergencies 125 7.9.1 General Industrial Emergencies 125 7.9.2 Specific Emergencies Anticipated 126 7.9.2.1 Fire and Explosion 126

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7.10 Emergency Organisation 126 7.10.1 Emergency Communication 126 7.11 Emergency Responsibilities 127 7.11.1 Site Controller 127 7.11.2 Incident Controller 127 7.11.3 Emergency Co-ordinator - Rescue, Fire Fighting 128 7.11.4 Emergency Co-ordinator - Medical, Mutual Aid, 129 Rehabilitation, Transport and Communication 7.11.5 Emergency Co-ordinator - Essential Services 129 7.11.6 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency 130 7.12 Emergency Facilities 130 7.12.1 Emergency Control Centre (ECC) 130 7.12.2 Assembly Point 130 7.12.3 Emergency Power Supply 131 7.12.4 Fire Fighting Facilities 131 7.12.5 Location of Wind Sock 131 7.12.6 Emergency Medical Facilities 131 7.12.7 Ambulance 132 7.13 Emergency Actions 132 7.13.1 Emergency Warning 132 7.13.2 Emergency Shutdown 132 7.13.3 Evacuation of Personnel 132 7.13.4 All Clear Signal 132 7.14 General 133 7.14.1 Employee Information 133 7.14.2 Public Information and Warning 133 7.14.3 Co-ordination with Local Authorities 133 7.14.4 Mutual Aid 133 7.14.5 Mock Drills 133 7.14.6 Important Information 134 7.15 Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan 134 7.15.1 Introduction 134 7.15.2 Aspects Proposed to be considered in the Off-Site 135 Emergency Plan 7.15.3 Role of the Emergency Co-ordinating Officer 136 7.15.4 Role of the Local Authority 136 7.15.5 Role of Police 136 7.15.6 Role of Fire Authorities 136 7.15.7 Role of Health Authorities 137 7.15.8 Role of Government Safety Authority 137 7.16 Occupational Health and Safety 137 7.16.1 Occupational Health 138 7.16.2 Safety Plan 139 7.16.3 Safety Organisation 140 7.16.4 Safety Circle 141 7.16.5 Safety Training 141 7.16.6 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan 141 8 Project Benefits 142 8.1 Need for the Project 143 8.2 Employment Generation 144 8.3 Benefits to the Economy 144 8.4 Social Benefits 144

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9 Environment Management Plan 146 9.1 Environment Management Plan during Construction Phase 147 9.1.1 Safety and Infrastructure Services for Personnel 147 9.1.2 Land Environment Management 148 9.1.3 Handling of Construction Equipment 148 9.1.4 Solid Waste during Construction Phase 148 9.1.5 Air Quality Management 149 9.1.6 Noise Level Management 150 9.1.7 Water Quality Management 150 9.1.8 Ecological Management 150 9.1.9 Socio-economic 151 9.2 Environment Management Plan during Operation Phase 151 9.2.1 Air Pollution Management 151 9.2.2 Water Pollution Management 152 9.2.3 Rainwater Harvesting System 154 9.2.4 Noise Pollution Management 155 9.2.5 Solid Waste Management 156 9.2.6 Greenbelt Development 157 9.2.7 Green Belt Development Plan 157 9.2.8 Species for Plantation 158 9.3 Environment Management Group (EMG) 158 9.4 Environmental Monitoring Program 159 9.5 Documentation 159 9.6 Expenditure on Environmental Measures 159 10 Disclosure of Consultant for Eia Study 160 11 Executive Summary 162 11.1 Project Profile 163 11.2 The Mill Expansion Plan (MEP)- Salient Features 163 11.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the Environmental 164 Management Plan (EMP) 11.3.1 Construction Phase 164 11.3.2 Operation Phase 165 11.3.2.1 Impact on Land Use 165 11.3.2.2 Impact on Soil Quality 165 11.3.2.3 Impact on Topography and Climate 165 11.3.2.4 Impact on Air Quality 165 11.3.2.5 Impact on Water Resources 166 11.3.2.6 Impact on Water Quality 167 11.3.2.7 Impact of Effluents on Soil Characteristics 167 11.3.2.8 Impact of Solid Wastes on Soil Characteristics 168 11.3.2.9 Impact on Noise Levels 168 11.3.2.10 Impact on Ecology 169 11.3.2.11 Impact on Aquatic Ecology 169 11.3.2.12 Impact on Demography and Socio-Economics 169 11.3.2.13 Impact on Sensitive Targets 170 11.3.2.14 Impact on Human Settlement 170 11.3.2.15 Impact on Civic Amenities 170 11.3.2.16 Impact on Health 170 11.4 Overall Impact Statement 171

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List of Annexures

Page No.

2.1 NOC and Compliance Related Documents i 2.2 Photographs of Existing and Proposed Plant Area ii 2.3 Recent Monitoring Reports (Treated Effluent, Stacks) by UPPCB ix 2.4 Manufacturing Process Flow Sheet x 2.5 Project Site Layout Plan xi 2.6 Schematic Flow Sheet of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) xii 2.7 Schematic Diagram of Proposed Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) xiii 2.8 Letter of Recommendation to Central Ground Water Authority by xiv RD, CGWB 3.4.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards xv 3.5.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise (AAQSRN) xvi 3.6.1 Drinking Water Specifications: IS: 10500, 1992 (Reaffirmed 1993) xvii Tolerance Limits 3.9.1 List of Industries in 10 km Study Area xx 3.9.2 Village-wise Demographic Profile of Study Area xxi 4.1 Results of Air Quality Dispersion Modelling xxviii 7.1 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of Sodium Hydroxide (NAOH) xxxiv 7.2 Pre-Placement Medical Examination Form xxxv 7.3 Periodical Medical Examination Form xl 7.4 Health & Accident Insurance Policy of RSPL Employees xlv 10.1 Gazette Notification for Recognition of Shiva Test House, Patna xlvi

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List of Tables

Page No.

2.1 Annual Requirement of Raw Materials & Chemicals at Full Capacity 15 2.2 Fuel (Paddy Husk) Analysis Ultimate Analysis 16 2.3 Chemical Characteristics of the SPM/RSPM (Fuel: Paddy Husk) 18 2.4 Stack Emission (Existing Boiler) 19 2.5 Solid Waste Quantification and Disposal 19 2.6 Sodium Balance 22 2.7 Cost of the Project 24 2.8 Annual Requirement of Raw Materials & Chemicals (Post Project) 26 at Full Capacity Utilization 2.9 Water Requirement (Existing and Post-Expansion) 28 2.10 Back Water Generation & Reuse (Post Project) 28 2.11 Solid Waste Quantification and Disposal Post-Project 30 2.12 Stack Emissions: 40 TPH Boiler APCS – ESP 30 2.13 Capital & Running Cost of the proposed Environmental Control System 31 3.2.1 General Geological Sequence of Formation in the District 36 3.2.2 General Geological Sequence of Formation in the District 37 3.3.1 Seasons in a Year 38 3.3.2 Mean Values of Observed Meteorological Parameters 38 3.3.3 Climatological Data on Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature and 40 Relative Humidity (1951-80) 3.3.4 Climatological Data on Rainfall and Wind Speed (1951-80) 40 3.3.5 Special Weather Phenomena (1951-80) 41 3.3.6 Number of Days with Full Cloud Low Cloud Amount; 42 OKTAS (1951-80) 3.3.7 Monthly Daily Normals 42 3.4.1 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 44 3.4.2 Ambient Air Quality Results 46 (Post-Monsoon Season, October-December, 2012) 3.4.3 Traffic Count at NH-24 Road 48 3.4.4 Traffic Count at NH-24 to Bahadurpur Approach Road 49 3.5.1 Details of Noise Monitoring Locations 50 3.5.2 Mean Noise Levels dB(A) in the Study Area 52 3.6.1 Stage of Ground Water Development of the Assessment Unit (Block) 53 as on 31.03.2009 3.6.2 Pre- & Post-Monsoon Ground Water Table Status (Yr: 2011) 54 3.6.3 Surface Water Sampling Locations 57 3.6.4 Ground Water Sampling Locations 59 3.6.5 Surface Water Quality 61 3.6.6 Ground Water Quality 64 3.7.1 Details of Soil Sampling Locations 68 3.7.2 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil 69 3.8.1 Common Flora in the Study Area 70 3.8.2 Common Fauna in the Study Area 74 3.9.1A Demography Data of the Population in the Study Area 79 3.9.1B Population Status at Different Distances from the Proposed Project 80 3.9.2 Occupational Structure of the Study Area 82 3.9.3 Infrastructure Facilities 82 3.9.4 Educational Amenities in the Study Area 83

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3.9.5 Medical Amenities in the Study Area 83 3.9.6 Drinking Water Amenities in the Study Area 84 3.9.7 Communication Amenities in the Study Area 85 3.9.8 Power Supply Facilities in the Study Area 85 3.9.9 Approach to Village Facilities in the Study Area 86 3.9.10 Post & Telegraph Amenities in the Study Area 86 3.9.11 Land Use Cultivation 87 3.9.12 Crop Pattern: Area Under Cultivation 87 3.9.13 Crop Production 88 3.9.14 Change in Demographic Pattern of Bareilly District 91 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Program during Construction Phase 108 6.2 Environmental Monitoring Program during Operation Phase 109 7.1 7.2 Preliminary Hazard Analysis for the Whole Plant in General 123 Particulars/Process 9.1 Paper Mills- Standards for Liquid Effluents 154 9.2 Design Criteria of Rainwater Harvesting Scheme 155 9.3 Ash Generation (post–project) 156 9.4 Recommended Tree Species for Green Belt 158 9.5 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures 159 9.6 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures 196 11.1 Salient Features of the Project 200 11.2 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area 203 11.3 Mean Values of Meteorological Parameters (March-May, 2011) 204 11.4 Mean Values of Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Parameters (March-May, 2011) 204 11.5 Mean Noise Status of the Study Area (March-May, 2011) 205 11.6 Demographic Data of the Population in the Study Area 206 11.7 Population Status at Different Distances from the Proposed Project Site 206 11.8 Availability of Amenities 207 11.9 Proposed Stack Details 210 11.10 Resultant Concentrations due to Incremental GLCs 210 11.11 Major Noise Generating Sources 211 11.12 Environmental Monitoring Program during Operation Phase 215

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List of Figures

Page No.

3.3.1 Windrose Diagrams during Study Period (October-December, 2012) 39 3.4.1 Air Sampling Locations 45 3.4.2 Traffic Monitoring Locations 48 3.5.1 Noise Sampling Locations 51 3.5.2 Noise Pollution Status of Sampling Points 52 3.6.1 Fence Diagram of Area Surrounding Project Site 56 3.6.2 Surface Water Sampling Locations 58 3.6.3 Ground Water Sampling Locations 60 3.7.1 Soil Sampling Locations 68 3.9.1 Land-Use Map of Study Area 85

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Preamble

M/s Rama Shyma Papers Limited (RSPL) is engaged in manufacturing of Semi-Kraft Paper. Its present installed capacity is 23,100 TPA with 9,900 TPA of agro pulp manufacturing (70 tons per day including 30 tons per day of agro-pulping). The company proposes to expand capacity to 150 tons per day with 100 tons per day of agro pulping. This chapter describes: • Purpose of the Report • Identification of Project & Project Proponent • Brief Description of Project • Scope of the Study • Methodology of the Study

1.2 Purpose of the Report

The purpose of the report is: a) To integrate different environmental factors into project planning and decision making by studying probable changes in the various socioeconomic and bio- physical characteristics, which shall result from the proposed project, so as to achieve ecologically sustainable development. b) To identify environmental risks, reduce conflicts by promoting community participation, minimize adverse environmental impacts and keep decision makers informed thus laying base for environmentally sound project, such that the benefits shall be observed at all the stages of the project starting from conceptualization to planning, design, construction and operation stage.

1.3 Identification of Project and Project Proponent 1.3.1 About the Project

At present the capacity of the plant is to manufacture 70 tons per day along with 30 tons per day of agro-pulping, which is to be expanded to 150 tons per day with 100 tons per day of agro pulping. Thus, the proposal of RSPL to expand its operation as under: • Increase the production capacity of unbleached agro pulp by use of the agro residues’ viz. Wheat straw, Bagasse and/or Sarkanda, etc as raw materials to 33,000 TPA from the present capacity of 9,900 TPA for its own captive consumption and/or sale, and,

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• Increase the paper production capacity of Kraft Paper, Poster and other such qualities to 49,500 TPA from the present 23,100 TPA by use of – (A) Own manufactured agro pulp (B) Recycling Waste Paper (C) Purchasing Ready Pulp from other sources • The black Liquor generated in manufacturing the agro pulp will be incinerated in the chemical recovery plant. Soda Ash is produced in this process as by- product.

1.3.2 Project Proponent

The project proponent, M/s Rama Shyma Paper Mill is an existing paper mill of 70 TPD capacity producing semi-kraft varieties of papers utilizing agro residues, viz. Wheat straw, bagasse, sarkanda and waste papers as raw materials, commissioned in the year 1995. As mentioned earlier, the plant is located 700 mtrs on the link road to Village Rajau Paraspur/ Bahadurpur karod, 12-13 km from Bareilly on NH 24 leading to Lucknow. The location is rural setting close to Bareilly, the second largest city in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The unit is a public limited company managed by its Board of Directors with Mr. Dinesh Goyal as Chairman cum Managing Director and the Directors Mr. Abhinav Agarwal and Mr. Paawan Agarwal, who are reputed businessmen having over 15 years of experience in paper mill operations.

1.4 Brief Description of the project 1.4.1 Salient Features of the Project 1. Project 1.1 Project Rama Shyma Papers Ltd. Information 1.2 Plant Capacity Expansion Project from existing capacity of 70 TPD Paper production (Agro Residue pulp production capacity: 30 TPD) to Paper production capacity of 150 TPD (Agro Residue pulp production capacity: 100 TPD)

2. Plant 2.1 Plant Site Rajau Paraspur & Bahadurpur Karod, Location Location Tehsil Faridpur, District Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. 2.2 Registered Rajau Paraspur, 12-13 KM, Faridpur Address Road, Bareilly-243123, UP. 2.3 Location Co- 28° 17’ 19.37” N Latitude; ordinates 79° 30’ 12.82” E Longitude 2.4 Total Land Expansion is proposed in existing plant required premise 2.5 Nearest Town Faridpur (~ 9 Km)

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2.6 Nearest Railway Rasuiya (~ 3.5 Km) Station 2.7 Nearest Road 700 mtr from NH 24 link road between access Rajau Paraspur & Bahadurpur Road 2.8 Site Elevation ~ 170 M

3. 3.1 Minimum Mean 7.1°C (observed in the month of Meteorologi Temperature January) cal 3.2 Maximum Mean 39.4°C (observed in the month of Conditions Temperature May) (District- 3.3 Relative Humidity, 80.4% (observed in the month of wise Daily Maximum August) Normals 3.4 Relative Humidity, 35.4% (observed in the month of from Minimum April) Bareilly 3.5 Average Rainfall 1050.5 mm Obs.) 3.6 Seismic Zone Zone III 3.7 Climate: The district experiences subtropical climate represented by mainly four seasons vis-à-vis the winter season (Mid November to February), the summer season (Mid March to Mid June), the rainy season (Mid June to Mid October) and the autumn October-November. During the peak summer, the air is generally very dry and hot and the atmosphere becomes dusty due to very high wind velocity. Heavy fog is peculiar climatic feature of extreme winter.

4. 4.1 Raw Material Wheat Straw, Bagasse & Waste Production paper Inputs 4.2 Fresh Water 981 KL/Day additional water requirement for the project to be drawn from the existing bore wells in the plant. Total water requirement after the project: 2,045 KL/Day. 4.3 Fuel Paddy Husk: 90 Tons/Day; alternate fuels such as Bagasse, wood chips and pet coke (Occasionally during monsoon season) are also used. 4.4 Electric Power 1500 KW

5. Plant 5.1 Pulp mill Section: Bagasse Depither, conveying systems, Equipment Lye Mixer, Rotary Digesters, Blow Tank, Refiners, Screening, Cleaning system, BSW, Screw Press, Stock Preparation, Pumps, Valves, Pipe Lines & Insulation, Pulper for imported waste paper, Conveyor, Pipe Lines, Pumps &Valves 5.2 Machine Section: Approach Flow System including Centicleaners & pumps, Pressure Screen, Head Box, Wire part, Suction Couch, Vacuum Pumps, Dryers, Pope Reeler, Rewinder, Hood with Pocket Ventilation

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5.3 Electrical Section: Paper Machine Drive, Cables, Motors & Starter, Transformer & VCB, UPS, DG Sets 5.4 Steam Section: Boiler, Other Equipments (Chimney, Fuel & Ash handling System, Steam & Condensate System) 5.5 Hazard Management: Fire fighting equipments (Sprinklers, fire pumps) 5.6 Pollution Control Equipments: Vibro screen, ESP (to control dust from boiler), Silencers of generators to control noise, Modification in the E.T.P.

6. Project Schedule: 12 months from the time of obtaining Clearances/NOCs

1.4.2 Project Cost The total project cost is expected to be approx. Rs.31.25 crore.

1.4.3 Description of the Site

The proposed expansion shall be undertaken in the existing plant premises. The existing plant is situated 700 mtrs on the link road to Vill.- Rajau Paraspur/ Bahadurpur road, 12-13 km on NH 24 leading to Lucknow from Bareilly. It is well connected and approachable from suburbs and big towns. The soil and demographic conditions are excellent. The location has facilities of primary, secondary education, healthcare and likes within 2 to 3 kms and electricity, local transport, water etc are readily available. It offers great potential for development of industries in the vicinity as well. The proposed project site is located on the toposheet and Google map and is displayed in Figures 2.1 and 2.2 respectively. The toposheet display (Figure 2.1) marks an area of 10 km radius around the site. Project site, roads, railway line, river, canal, natural drainage, prominent human settlements are displayed on the toposheet. The location map is shown at Figure 1.1. The nearest railway station, Rasuiya, is approximately 3.5 Km away from the site. The nearest town, Faridpur is located at a distance of approx. 9 km from the proposed site. There are no national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, tiger reserves or reserve forests within 10 kilometers of the project area. A part of the Bareilly cantonment area falls within the study area. The rivers East Bahgul and Nakatia run north to South to the east and west of the site respectively. Prominent canals in the region are Faridpur Branch and Rajau Distributory. The area is dotted with small lakes and water bodies. The Northern Railway (Main Line) and NH-24 run North to South dividing the study area almost into half. Prominent urban agglomerations are parts of Bareilly city and Faridpur township.

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Figure 1.1: Location Map of Rama Shyma Paper Mills

1.5 Study Area and Period

The study area comprises the area falling within 10 km radius circle of the proposed site (Figure 2.1). Three month field data during the post-monsoon season from October to December 2012 have been collected in the study area.

1.6 Scope of the Study The scope of the study broadly includes: a) Collection of base-line data on Physico-chemical, ecological and socio- economic aspects of environment considering the following attributes: • Meteorology • Air Pollution • Noise Pollution • Water Pollution (both Surface and Ground Water) • Soil Characteristics

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• Ecology (Flora and Fauna) • Socio-economics b) Evaluation of incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the proposed project. c) Prediction of impacts on the various environmental attributes by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies. d) Preparation of Environment Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the predicted Impacts. e) Identification of critical environmental attributes required to be monitored during the project execution and to suggest post project monitoring. f) Identification and assessment of risk and hazard associated with the activities of the proposed plant and to prepare disaster management plan g) Estimation of cost for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programme and Environmental Management Plan including Effluent Treatment Plant and Chemical Recovery Plant.

1.7 Methodology for EIA

The study comprises collection of relevant data over the period of three months (one season), i.e., from October 2012 to December 2012. The study covers an area of 10 km. radius around the proposed project site. The study covers the aspects of air, water, noise, biological environment, meteorology, demographic and socio-economic features of the study area. In conducting these studies some procedures have been adopted as stated below:

1.7.1 Topography The topographical features of the district and study area were studied; details are presented in Chapter 3 (Section 3.1).

1.7.2 Water bodies

The rivers and streams of Bareilly district are presented in Chapter 3 (Section 3.1).

1.7.3 Meteorology

The meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity and rainfall were obtained through: a. Continuous hourly recording through setting up of site meteorological station during the study period October to December 2012. b. Compilation from the nearest IMD observatory at Bareilly. The data are presented in Chapter 3 (Section 3.3).

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1.7.4 Air Environment

The background air quality of the study area was assessed through a network of eight ambient air quality-monitoring stations. Baseline data were collected for the period

October to December 2012, for parameters, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO and HC taking 24 hourly (for CO, 8 hourly) measurements 8 times in a month at each monitoring station. The data are presented in the Chapter 3 (Section 3.4).

1.7.5 Noise Environment

Baseline noise level data were collected once during the study period, at ten locations within the study area. At each location, hourly measurements were taken for 24 hours by mounting the noise meter at a height of 1.5 mt. above the ground level and away from sound reflecting sources like walls, buildings etc. The observations are presented in the Chapter 3 (Section 3.5).

1.7.6 Water Environment

The background physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of surface water and ground water samples were collected in the study area from 10 different locations each during the study period. The samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics following standard methods of analysis. Results are presented in the Chapter 3 (Section 3.6).

1.7.7 Soil

The baseline quality of the soil in the study area was estimated by collecting and analysing the soil samples from 6 locations of the core and the buffer zones. Results are presented in the Chapter 3 (Section 3.7).

1.7.8 Ecology

The baseline information on flora and fauna of the district and the study area was compiled from various agencies and local discussions. The data are presented in the Chapter 3 (Section 3.8).

1.7.9 Socio-economic Environment

The demographic and socio-economic characteristic of the district and the study area were collected from the census records of the year 2001 and from other State and Central Government agencies. The compiled information is presented in the Chapter 3 (section 3.9).

1.7.10 Impact Assessment of the Study Area

Assessment has been made of net impacts, if any, on the background quality of environmental parameters viz. air, water, noise, soil, ecology and socio-economics,

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due to activities to be carried out at the proposed site; details are given in the Chapter 4.

1.7.11 Analysis of Alternatives

The criterion of selection of the project site is discussed in the Chapter 5.

1.7.12 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation of mitigatory measures during construction and operational phase have been delineated in the Chapter 6.

1.7.13 Additional Studies

The following studies have been briefly discussed in the Chapter 7: a) Risk Assessment b) Hazard Identification, Assessment and Evaluation c) Disaster Management Plan b) Occupational Health & Safety

1.7.14 Project Benefit

Various benefits of the project to the community in the vicinity as well as to the region on the whole are discussed in the Chapter 8.

1.7.15 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

The institutional arrangements for environment protection and conservation during the construction and operational stage of the project have been discussed in the Chapter 9.

1.7.16 Disclosures of Consultants

Brief introduction of the consultancy organization involved in EIA report is given in the Chapter 10.

1.7.17 Executive Summary The summary of the rapid EIA study is given in Chapter 11.

1.8 Comprehensive Terms of Reference

The comprehensive terms of reference, addressing all relevant environmental concerns for the preparation of an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Report in respect of the proposed project have been complied with and point-wise compliance has been given in Annexure 1.1.

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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION (PROPOSED EXPANSION & EXISTING PLANT - BRIEF DETAILS)

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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION (PROPOSED EXPANSION & EXISTING PLANT - BRIEF DETAILS)

2.1 The Existing Plant (Brief Details) 2.1.1 Existing Plant & Equipment

Presently the mill is of 70 TPD paper production capacity, manufacturing packaging (kraft) papers of 16-20 BF, 100-140 GSM by the use of 30 TPD agro residue pulping capacity and 40 TPD waste paper pulp processing capacity. Site photographs are enclosed as Annexure 2.2. The mill comprises of the following major plant and equipment. 2.1.1.1 Raw Material Preparation System of 12 T/hr. Capacity, mainly comprising of material handling system including conveyors, screening & de-dusting system. 2.1.1.2 Wet Washing System for the Raw Material mainly comprising of twin turbo washer with Acqa separator and conveying system, screw conveyor and screw press. 2.1.1.3 Agro Residue Pulping System mainly comprising of 8 nos. of Rotary Spherical Digesters of 40m3 capacity (Dia. 14’) in mild steel construction with caustic lye mixer and in feed and distribution conveyors, MS Blow Tank, 2-stage Screw Press with screw conveyor to squeeze out black liquor from pulp, followed by 2-stage twin turbo washers with pumps and pipe work and other accessories. 2.1.1.4 Pulp Washing System mainly comprising of 2 stage screw press and Twin Turbo Drum Washer, Size 1.25m x 2.5m long in MS / SS-304 construction, Decker Thickeners with pumps and pipe work. 2.1.1.5 Pulp Refining System mainly comprising of refiners, pumps and pipe work. 2.1.1.6 Waste Paper Pulp Street 40 TPD mainly comprising of 8 m3 capacity medium consistency continuous pulper with H.D. Cleaner and Decker Thickeners, 24" Tri - Disc refiners Stock chests with agitators, pumps and pipe work. 2.1.1.7 Chemical Preparation and Dosing Systems with pumps and pipe work. 2.1.1.8 Approach Flow System Comprising of 3 Stage Centri cleaning System, Pressure Screen and Vibrating Screen with pumps and pipe work. 2.1.1.9 Paper Machine Type Combination MG/MF Four Drinier Type suitable for manufacturing kraft papers of 100-180 gsm, from a pulp furnish of agro residue and waste papers having 3.073 M deckle on reel, 170-180 mpm speed, with three straight through press sections – all the three jumbo presses are double felted with 1500mm & 950 mm dia. rolls, 13 MS Pre-dryers dryers (8- 1.8M dia. & 5- 1.5M dia.), 16’ dia. MS MG Dryer and 8- 1.5M dia. after dryers, steam and condensate system, vacuum

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system and other accessories and auxiliaries complete in all respects with overhead EOT Crane of 20 MT & 10MT capacity. 2.1.1.10 Finishing Equipment Comprising of Slitter Rewinder. 2.1.1.11 Boiler Plant Comprising of 17.5 Bar Pressure Boiler, of 14 TPH Capacity, utilizing paddy husk as fuel complete with water softening plant and accessories and auxiliaries, with multi cyclone dust collector and wet scrubber as APCS with stack of 2.5M Dia. and 35M height. Another 8 TPH boiler, also paddy husk fired is mainly used for chemical recovery plant. 2.1.1.12 Laboratory with various paper and pulp testing equipment. 2.1.1.13 Water Supply System comprising of 2 Bore wells, water storage tank, pumps and pipe work. 2.1.1.14 Compressed Air System comprising of reciprocating compressors of 10.5 Bar pressure – ‘Elgi’ 107 CFM & ‘Ingersoll Rand’ 60.4 capacity, with air receivers and pipe work. 2.1.1.15 DG SETS: 500 KVA-6 No. & 600 KVA- 1 No. kept standby. 2.1.1.16 Chemical Recovery Plant of 120 TPD BL Solids processing capacity comprising of Multi-effect 6-body evaporator section with 1 cooling tower, compressor, tanks, pumps and pipe work, with Fluidized Bed Reactor of 120 TPD BL Solid burning capacity with all accessories and auxiliaries. 2.1.1.17 Effluent Treatment Plant of about 1,500 KL/D Capacity comprising of 10 CuM sump tank, 2- slide hill screens, primary clarifier 16M x 4.5M SWD, Aeration Tank of 864 m3 capacity having 2 low speed surface aerators of 15 HP each, secondary clarifier 16M x 4.9M SWD, Sludge Drying Beds, Nutrient and Alum dosing system, pumps and pipe work. 2.1.1.18 Fibre Recovery System: For fibre recovery from the back water of the paper machine, a floatation saveall ‘Krofta’ ‘Sedicell’ has been provided. The capacity of the fibre recovery system is considered adequate for the augmented plant capacity after the MEP.

2.1.2 The Manufacturing Process

The unit is an integrated Pulp & Paper Mill having one paper machine with a capacity of producing 23,100 tons per annum (70 TPD) of different varieties of kraft papers. The pulp furnish comprises of agro waste pulp blended with recycled waste paper pulp. The manufacturing process is described in the following. In general following steps are involved in the paper making process: • Raw material preparation • Pulping of raw material • Washing, screening and cleaning • Chemical recovery

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• Stock preparation • Paper making • Finishing and packaging 2.1.2.1 Raw Material Preparation: Wheat Straw and Bagasse received from the fields in trucks and tractor trolleys, are unloaded in storage yard, screened & de-dusted, washed in the wet washing system and fed to the digesters through the conveyor system. The fully treated effluent from the ETP is used for washing the raw material in the wet washing system. The raw material yard is provided with sprinkler system for the fire protection. The raw material area is fenced with walls, which act as wind curtain to avoid blowing away of raw materials during summer/ high winds. The dust mainly comes along with the wheat straw used as the main raw material for agro residue pulping. Due to which there is dust emission during the unloading and loading of the wheat straw. The unloading of the raw material is carried out throughout the length and width of the raw material yard. For protection from dust, masks as PPE are provided to the unloading crew. Also, at the raw material loading station, not only the PPEs are provided to the loading personnel, but also fine water spray system is provided for dust suppression, wherever found necessary. The manufacturing process of manufacturing kraft papers from soda pulping of the agro residues and recycling of waste papers does not use raw materials and chemicals, which generate significant fugitive emissions. As already mentioned above, in the areas having dust emissions, control measures like, water sprays and provision of PPEs, are provided. 2.1.2.2 Pulping Process: After loading of digester, optimum amount of Caustic Soda is charged and the contents are heated for specified time by direct steaming to achieve 165/170oC temperature. The hot foul condensate of the evaporator system of the CRP is utilized for maintaining the solid:liquid dilution ratio of the raw material charge. Normally the cooking cycle is 6-7 hours. The cooked material is blown into the blow tank. The blown mass is diluted with black liquor and is taken to knotter for removal of uncooked material, which is re-cooked. The pulp slurry containing alkali, lignin, cellulose and hemi-cellulose is then subject to hot stock refining before washing and screening. The digester house floor is of PCC construction with a sump pit to collect wash water. This ensures that any black liquor spillage or wash effluent is collected and pumped into weak black liquor storage tanks. The soda process of pulping does not involve the use of odour generating sulphur compounds, thus minimising the emission of odours. 2.1.2.3 Washing and Screening of Pulp: The pulp is squeezed out of black liquor in the two stage screw press and then washed in the twin drum washer – decker thickener system. The black liquor is pumped to the Chemical Recovery System for disposal. The washed pulp is screened and cleaned with the help of vibrating screens. The pulp after cleaning is stored in the stock chest. The pulp mill floor is of PCC construction with a sump pit to collect wash water. This ensures that any black liquor spillage or Epsilon Projects Pvt. Ltd. 13 Rapid EIA: 150 MTPD Paper Mill

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wash effluent is collected and pumped into weak black liquor storage tanks. Further, the process does not have bleaching and use of chlorine as only unbleached pulp is used for manufacturing kraft papers. 2.1.2.4 Chemical Recovery: The dilute black liquor having about 8-10% solids is stored in tanks and concentrated in multiple effect evaporators. The loss of alkali in the unrecovered spent liquor is an economic burden because of the cost of chemicals as well as otherwise lost energy content of the spent liquor. Installation of the Chemical Recovery Plant, when operating at full capacity has the potential to raise the profitability of the mill by lowering the chemicals and energy inputs. Further, the not-easily-biodegradable black liquor, the main pollutant generated in the pulping process is harmlessly disposed through incineration. Chemical recovery plant mainly consists following 2 sections. 1. Storage and thickening of the dilute black liquor by evaporation. 2. Burning of black liquor solids in Incinerator of the Chemical Recovery section to produce Soda Ash as by-product. Multiple effects falling film evaporator is used for the evaporation of water from black liquor. A multiple effect evaporator composes of several units, connected in series by piping, in which the water vapour boiled off the liquor in one effect acts as heating steam in the steam chest of the next effect. The steam is supplied only to the steam chest of the first effect. The water vapours of the last effect are condensed in the jet condenser generating foul condensate (contaminated with black liquor). Inlet concentration of dilute black liquor is expected about 8 – 10% while outlet concentration would be about 25 – 30 % black liquor solids. In falling film type evaporators, black liquor is distributed from the top of the body and it comes down in the form of thin film, while the steam flows from down words to upwards of the body and heat transfer takes place in between. In falling film evaporators liquor and steam flow in opposite direction (counter current heat transfer) while in the rising film type liquor and steam flows in same direction (concurrent heat transfer). From the last effect, vapours are condensed in a surface condenser. Vacuum for operation is created by means of a steam jet ejector assembly. The foul condensate is reused in the process – in the digesters for making the alkali charge and maintaining the liquid solid ratio as also in the final stage of the brown stock washing system. The chemical recovery plant floor is of PCC construction with a sump pit to collect spillages/ washings, if any. This ensures that any black liquor/foam spillage or wash effluent is collected and pumped into weak black liquor storage tanks. The semi concentrated black liquor from the evaporator plant is first taken to a direct contact evaporator (ventury scrubber cum cyclone separator) to further concentrate to about 40 – 45 % of black liquor solids. It is then sprayed into the Recovery Furnace, where the black liquor gets dehydrated and its organics get incinerated. The combustion of organic compound of black liquor is controlled by the temperature of

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black liquor and air flow at primary and secondary levels. Required auxiliary fuel oil is used as start up to furnace operation or to support combustion. The inorganic compound – Soda Ash - comes out from the bottom of furnace in the form of granules which is sold off. As per the experience at various CRP installations, the scrubbed flue gases emitted from the stack of the direct contact evaporator contain minimal particulate matter- mainly comprising of water vapour and carbon di oxide. 2.1.2.5 Recycled Waste Paper Pulp: The waste papers are pulped in the medium consistency continuous pulper, cleaned in the HD Cleaner, thickened in decker thickener and stored in the stock chest. 2.1.2.6 Refining & Chemical Additives of Pulp: The two pulps are blended together and then refined to get desired freeness of pulp. The required chemicals are added precisely as per the product requirement. Starch is sprayed on the wire in fourdrinier section of the paper machine. 2.1.2.7 Sheet Formation: Dilute stock of fibres and chemicals at a consistency range of 0.5- 0.9% is transferred on a wire part through head box. The wire is endless and is synthetic. The water from wire part is drained through hydrofoils, suction boxes, low vacuum foils and suction boxes. At the end of the wire part the pulp consistency is around 20%. At the press section the sheet passes through the three presses. The final consistency achieved is around 40-42%. The wet sheet now passes through the steam heated dryers and reeled as jumbo rolls in the drum reeler. 2.1.2.8 Fibre Recovery System: “Krofta” Sedicell has been installed as the fibre recovery system for fibre recovery from the paper machine white water. 2.1.2.9 Rewinding & cutting of sheets: Jumbo rolls are converted into small reels at the winder. To cut the paper reels into cut size sheets, slitters are provided at the cutters. 2.1.2.10 Packing: Paper reels are packed in finishing house. Paper reels from finishing house are taken to paper godown where these are properly stacked. Fire hydrants and hose reels are provided all around the paper godown in accordance with fire protection rules. The manufacturing process flow sheet is attached as Annexure 2.4.

2.1.3 Requirement and Availability of Raw Materials & Chemicals

The quantities of raw materials, major chemicals and fuel required at the present full capacity utilization are given below.

Table 2.1: Annual Requirement of Raw Materials & Chemicals at Full Capacity S. No. Item Quantity, MT per Annum 1 Wheat Straw 16,500 2 Bagasse 33,000 3 Sarkanda 55,800 3 Waste Paper 17,000

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4 Caustic Soda 3.500 5 Ferric Alum 1,200 6 Starch 230 7 Rosin 115 8 Guar Gum 115

2.1.4 Requirement and Availability of Utilities

a. Water: 1,060 KL/Day; 15.2 KL/MT Paper b. Fuel: Paddy Husk, Khoi, Ply Patta, Turri (Agro wastes): Approx. 32,000 TPA Pet Coke & Coal (Occasionally during rainy season): Approx. 900 TPA c. Electric Power: 2,300 KVA from the state UPPCL Grid The main fuel is renewable agro wastes like Paddy Husk, Khoi, Ply Patta, Turri etc. with the use of fossil fuels viz. coal & pet coke, restricted only to periods of the agro waste non-availability during the rainy season or other unforeseen circumstances. The comparatively small quantities of coal/ pet coke required are procured from the open market and any linkages from the Govt. Sources are not required. The typical composition of the fuel (paddy husk) is given below:

Table 2.2: Fuel (Paddy Husk) Analysis Ultimate Analysis Characteristic (% by weight) Carbon 38.77 Hydrogen 5.05 Nitrogen 0.61 Sulphur Nil Moisture 10.43 Ash 14.90 Oxygen (by diff) 30.24 GCV (kcal/kg) 3625 Water is sourced from the two bore wells in the plant, one of which is operated at a time. Paddy Husk and other fuels are brought to the site by various vehicles through road transport. The Steam is supplied by the boiler plant utilizing paddy husk and other agro wastes as fuel. The Electric Power is drawn from the State UPPCL Grid.

2.1.5 Waste Water Generation, Treatment and Disposal

Fresh water is utilized in various processes of the plant, mainly the paper machine and pulping sections. Corresponding to these fresh water consumptions, effluents are generated in these processes. These effluents are extensively recycled in the process.

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The paper machine backwater is reused in the pulping section. After use and some reuse in the processes, wastewater containing chemicals and fibre is generated from the processes. Wastewater is also generated from sanitary & domestic blocks, mainly the residential colony, boiler blow down, water softening plant regeneration and other miscellaneous sources. The quantity of wastewater generated is about 90% of the water consumed, have substantial pollution loads and is required to be treated to conform to the specified regulatory standards before their disposal on land or streams. Suitable effluent treatment plant, based on activated sludge process, details of which are given below, has been provided to treat the process effluents to a quality suitable for discharge into streams. Domestic water is needed for toilets and factory building, for meeting the drinking water needs of the plant operating personnel as also for the residential colony. This results in domestic wastewaters from toilets. The toiletry wastewater and the other effluents from the residential colony are treated in the septic tanks and disposed in soak pits. Water is also needed for gardening work. The requirement of the water needed for gardening and plantations is met by the fully treated effluent from the ETP. 2.1.5.1 Process Waste Water Treatment and Disposal System

The process effluents before discharge for treatment are extensively recycled in the manufacturing process. The effluents from the 10 CuM capacity sump are pumped to the Primary Clarifier through slide hill screens. The clarifier is an R.C.C. structure of 16M Dia. x 4.5M SWD with about 905 CuM volume. The sludge from the clarifier is pumped to the sludge drying beds for drying. The dried sludge is reused in the plant or used by the sun dried board plants for manufacturing low cost boards and by the local community for use as fuel. The primary clarifier removes about 80% Suspended solids and 25% of the BOD load. The clarified effluent, after dosing of the nutrients flows to the aeration tank for removal of residual BOD by surface aeration. The aeration tank is of size 24M x 12M with a water depth of 3M with 864 CuM capacity. Two (2) aerators, 15 HP each are installed in this aeration tank. Nutrients – Urea & DAP – are dosed in the Aeration Tank. MLSS of about 3,000 mg/l is maintained in the aeration tank. The effluents treated in the aeration tank flows to the Secondary Clarifier of size 14.5M dia. x 4.9M side water depth and the fully treated effluent is discharged to the drain after utilization in the green belt and gardening. The sludge from the secondary clarifier is recycled into the aeration tank to maintain the desired MLSS, after which it is sent for drying in the Sludge Drying Beds. The dried sludge is utilized as manure. The treated effluent conforming to the specified regulatory norms is drained into the nearby industrial nalla which then combines with the Nakatya river, around 20KM distant, finally disposed in the Ram Ganga river, around 25KM distant.

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The scheme of Effluent Treatment Plant is given in Annexure 2.6. 2.1.5.2 Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Disposal System

The domestic wastewater from the office and residential colony is being a treated in Septic Tanks and Soak pit, as per the standard practice in residential colonies all over country.

2.1.6 Air Pollution and Control 2.1.6.1 Sources of Air Pollution

The manufacturing process of paper requires large amount of process heat, which is made available in the form of steam, generated in boilers utilizing paddy husk and other agro wastes as fuel. The boiler flue gases contain particulate matter, which is the primary source of air pollution from the plant. The typical chemical characteristics of the particulate matter emission from the stack are as follows:

Table 2.3: Chemical Characteristics of the SPM/RSPM (Fuel: Paddy Husk) Characteristic %

SiO2 90.54

Al2O3 0.86

Fe2O3 0.15 CaO 3.66 MgO <0.01

Na2O 0.64

P2O5 0.47

K2O 3.67

In the chemical recovery plant, gaseous emissions, mainly comprising of H2O and

CO2, are discharged from the ventury scrubber cyclone separator system. 2.1.6.2 Air Pollution Control System

To clean the flue gases of the suspended particulate matter, multi-cyclone dust collector with wet scrubber, has been installed with the boiler. The cleaned flue gases have SPM well below the norm of 150 mg/Nm3. In the scrubber, treated effluent is utilized. The recovered fly ash is used as land fill. To minimize the air pollution due to discharge of the flue gases, boiler stacks of 2.5 M Dia. and 35 M height above the ground level as per the norms, have been provided.

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Table 2.4: Stack Emission (Existing Boiler) APCS - Wet Scrubber 14 TPH & 8 TPH Boilers Flue Gas per kg Fuel (Theoritical), m3 4.60 Flue Gas per kg Fuel (70% excess air), m3 7.82 Stack height, m 35.00 Stack Diameter, m 2.50 Stack Gas Velocity, mps 9.72 Flue Gas Temperature, oC 120.00 Maxm. Emission, mg/m3 150.00 Total max. Emmision, gms/sec 5.54

2.1.7 Solid Waste Generation and Disposal

The main solid wastes are generated in the plant from Paddy Husk fired Boilers and the ETP. The details of the same are as follows:

Table 2.5: Solid Waste Quantification and Disposal Type of Waste Quantity (MT)/day Disposal 1) Fly Ash from the Boiler 22-25 Used as landfill and scrubber 2) ETP Sludge – Primary 2-2.5 Used in Board making and also collected by the local community for use as fuel. - Secondary 0.25 Used as manure and soil conditioner in gardening & plantations. As no chlorine or toxic chemicals are used in the process, the wastes are free of toxic materials.

2.1.8 Regulatory Compliances

The Company has been complying with all the regulatory requirements of the U.P. Pollution Control Board and has been regularly granted ‘Consent’ for water and air every year. The details of the “NOC” and “Consents” and compliance thereof are provided in Annexure 2.1. The unit, Rama Shyma Paper Mill, was commissioned in the year 1999. The environmental clearance regulation of that period – the notification number S.O. 60 (E) dated the 27th January, 1994 – envisaged EC requirement only the projects having capital outlay of over Rs.50 Crores. As the project cost had been well below this specified limit, the EC notification of 1994 was not applicable for this project.

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As a major change in the regulatory norms, the U.P. Pollution Control Board, mandated that agro residue’ pulping will be operated only with chemical recovery. Accordingly, the agro residue’ pulping was stopped w.e.f 14.07.2010 and installation of the chemical recovery system was taken up. Since then, the pulping was based on recycling of the waste papers. Subsequently the chemical recovery system has been completed and was commissioned on 19.11.2012 and the 30 TPD capacity agro residue’ pulping system has since been recommissioned again. The company has not received any notice under Section 5 of the E.P. Act 1986. The quantities of raw materials, chemicals and waste generation are based upon operation of the full plant including the agro residue’ pulping system.

2.2 The Details of the Proposed Mill Expansion (MEP) 2.2.1 Introduction

The proposed project is Mill Expansion Plan (MEP). This chapter highlights the features of plant layout and design, details of the process to be adopted, raw material requirement, utilities and services, infrastructural facilities and sources of waste generation, their quantity, treatment and safe disposal of the waste.

2.2.2 Project Category

The industrial unit comes under the specified project (expansion/ modernization) category 5(i) Category A as per the Environmental Clearance Notification, 2006.

2.2.3 Layout of the Proposed Project

The layout plan of the existing plant with the proposed paper machine and location of chemical recovery plant is enclosed as Annexure 2.5. Green belt has been provided in and all around the plant boundary to provide an environmental cover. The Paper Mill is conceptualized on total Plot area of about 20.3 acres. Brief Area statement is as follows: Total Land area: 81,270.10 SqM. Rooftop area of buildings/sheds: 11,975 SqM. Roads/Paved Areas: 13,274 SqM. Green Belt Area: 26,000 SqM. Open Area: 30,021 SqM Chemical Recovery Plant: 13,160 SqM.

2.2.4 Land Requirement

No additional land needs to be procured for the proposed mill development, as all new additions shall be located within the available area.

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2.2.5 Proposed Mill Expansion Plan (MEP) M/s Rama Shyma Papers Limited, a 70 TPD capacity paper mill, located at Vill. Rajau Paraspur/Bahadurpur Karod, Tehsil Faridpur, Distt. Bareilly, is engaged in manufacturing packaging (kraft) papers since 1995. In order to capture the increasing market demand for packaging papers, the mill proposes to expand paper making capacity to 150 T.P.D, main features of which are described in the following. 1. The proposed production capacity increase is proposed to be achieved by upgrading the existing paper machine and the associated process plant and facilities, within the existing premises. The additions to the paper machine include a new pressurized head box, suction couch roll, additional dryers in the pre-dryer section and a second wire part to facilitate manufacture of higher BF papers. 2. The approach flow system will be modified with new centricleaners and pressure screens and the stock preparation system shall be beefed up with higher refining capacity. A new slitter rewinder of adequate capacity shall be added in the finishing section. 3. Two (2) nos. rotary spherical digesters 16’ dia. (60 M3 capacity each) shall be added in the pulping section with a new lye mixer. The agro residue’ pulping capacity shall increase to 100 TPD. Additional two-stage Brown Stock Washing system having counter-current washing will be installed for effective separation of black liquor from pulp. The hot foul condensate from the evaporator system of the CRP shall be used for pulping in the digesters as also in the wash showers of the final stage of the brown stock washing system. 4. A new boiler, paddy husk fired, FBC of 40 TPH capacity, 10.5 bar pressure is proposed to be installed with all accessories and auxiliaries and fuel & ash handling systems and a high efficiency ESP as APCS, to provide steam for the plant. Stack of 2.5M Dia. & 35M height provided. The 14 TPH & 8 TPH boilers shall be stopped and kept for standby operation. 5. Additional requirement of 1,200 KW power will be drawn from the state UPPCL grid power supply. 6. The additional requirement of about 980 KL/Day water shall be drawn from the existing bore wells. The existing effluent treatment plant is about adequate for the expanded plant capacity. If required, necessary modifications will be carried out. 7. The existing effluent treatment plant shall be thoroughly revamped as per the flow sheet attached as Annexure 2.7. Diffused air oxygenation system shall be installed in the aeration tank and a multi-media filtration system of adequate capacity shall be installed for the tertiary treatment of the treated effluent for its maximum reuse in the process and plantation. Most of the operations of the expanded plant will be similar to the existing unit. The company has developed significant expertise in the manufacture of kraft papers and has skilled labour and experienced manpower resources.

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For effective energy conservation, all the hot surfaces viz. digesters, blow tank, evaporator bodies, storage tanks etc. are well insulated. Any heat dissipation to the atmosphere takes place from the gas/ vapour discharges from the two stacks which vent into atmosphere at heights of over 20M, thereby mitigating any heat dissipation to the surroundings. A number of common facilities/ resources shall be effectively utilized. The proposed project will significantly boost the company’s revenues, also reducing the overall cost of production. All the above mentioned plant upgradation is proposed within the existing buildings or with minimal additions/ modifications thereof.

2.2.5.1 Sodium Balance in the process Pre & Post Project:

Presently the plant has capacity to produce 30 TPD agro residue’ pulp. This capacity is being augmented to 100 TPD in the proposed MEP. The Chemical Recovery Plant having capacity to process 120 TPD solids has been installed and is functional, in which the black liquor produced in the agro residue pulping process, having Caustic Soda and organics is incinerated to produce Soda Ash as by-product. The Caustic Soda used in the pulping process is lost, firstly in the washing of pulp and later on in the incineration of the black liquor in CRP. In the existing process the soda loss in washing is estimated at about 25% and 10% in the CRP. As stated in the foregoing, for pulp washing, two-stage brown stock washing system is proposed to ensure efficient separation of black liquor from pulp, which will reduce the soda loss in pulp washing to about 10%. The sodium balance including soda loss is worked out as under.

Table 2.6: Sodium Balance Soda Loss in the Process: Present Post Project A. Prodn of Agro Pulp, TPD 1 Raw Material input, @ 60% yield, TPD 30 100 2 NaOH input @18% on RM, TPD 50.0 166.7 3 NaOH input as Na, TPD 9 30.0 4 Total Solids, TPD 59.0 196.7 5 Agro Pulp produced, TPD 30 100 6 Solids in Black Liquor, TPD 29.0 96.7 B. Soda Loss Calculation a Soda Loss in Washing, % 25 10 b NaOH Loss in Washing as Na, TPD 1.29 1.7 c NaOH input to CRP as Na, TPD: 3.88 15.53 d NaOH loss in CRP, % 10 10 e Na recovered in CRP, TPD: 3.49 13.97 f Equivalent NaOH production as Na, TPD: 6.08 24.30

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g Equivalent Soda Ash Production as Na, TPD: 8.05 32.20 h Sodium Recovery as Na, %: 67.5 81 I Soda Loss, % 32.5 19

2.2.5.2 Economics of the CRP:

In the light of the experience gained in running the CRP, the following economics is worked out. An annual loss of around Rs.5.35 Crores is incurred.

Economics of Chemical Recovery Plant

1. Agro Residue pulp production, TPD: 100 2. Capital investment in CRP, Rs. Crores: 11 3. Soda Ah produced, MT/Day 32.2 4. Sales Realization, Rs./Day 3,86370 5. Cost of production, Rs: a. Cost of additional Caustic dosing 84,000 b. Fuel (Paddy Husk) 2,69,167 c. Electric Power 1,47,000 d. Interest on Investment @ 12% 40,000 e. Maintenance Cost @ 2.5% of investment 8,333 Total Cost of production/Day, Rs. 5,48500

Loss incurred in CRP per day, Rs. 1,62,130 Loss incurred in CRP per Annum, Rs. Lacs 535

2.2.6 Energy Conservation

As mentioned in the foregoing, to meet steam requirement, Rama Shyma Papers Ltd. has two boilers, each of 14 TPH and 8 TPH capacity, for steam generation operating on paddy husk as fuel. In the expansion project a new 40 TPH capacity, high efficiency, FBC boiler is proposed, which will meet the total steam requirement of the plant – the existing two boilers shall be stopped and kept standby. The present electric power requirement of the plant is around 2.3 MW, met from the state UPPCL power supply. The additional requirement of 1.2 MW for the expansion shall also be drawn from the UPPCL grid. Energy conservation is prime importance for the Rama Shyma Papers Ltd., for which investment will be made in the latest energy efficient equipment & technology. This

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includes procurement of energy efficient equipment like pumps, motor, compressors & blowers etc. In the MEP, RSPL will procure the energy efficient motors and star rated energy efficient air conditioners, fans, pumps etc. Energy efficient lighting, including CFLs, T5 FTL and LED, will be procured with automatic controls wherever feasible. During installation, focus will be on installing well designed energy efficient pumping systems and pipe work to minimize the energy consumption. Periodic energy audits shall be conducted by competent energy auditors to identify the potential for the energy savings in the plant with prompt implementation of the energy audit recommendations.

2.2.7 Project Schedule

The project is scheduled for completion within a period of 12 months from the grant of Environmental Clearance by the MOEF and “NOC” by the U.P. Pollution Control Board.

2.2.8 Cost of the Project

The total project cost is estimated as Rs. 31.20 Crores, details of which are given in the following table. Table 2.7: Cost of the Project S.No. Name of Equipments Quantity Amount Rs. Lacs A Pulpmill Section 1 Rotary Digester with accessories 2 Nos 50.00 2 Brown Stock Washers 2 Nos 15.00 3 Screw Press 1 Nos 100.00 4 Pumps Valves, Pipe Lines & Insulation LS 25.00 5 Lye Mixer 1 Nos 5.00 6 Pulper for imported waste paper 1 Nos 3.00 7 Conveyor, Pipe Lines Pumps & Valves LS 2.00 B Machine Section 1 Centicleners, Fan Pump and Approach 35.00 flow system modifications 2 Pressurized Head Box 75.00 3 2nd wire part 150.00 4 Sunction Couch 1 Nos 150.00 5 Vacuum Pump (1200 KVH) 1 Nos 15.00 6 Dryers 7 Nos 200.00 7 Pope Reel 1 Nos 10.00 8 Rewinder 1 Nos 40.00 9 Clothing LS 10.00 10 Pocket Ventilated Hood 1 Nos 25.00

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11 Cooling tower for vacuum pumps 1 No. 5.00 C Electrical Section 1 Drive & PIC LS 40.00 2 Cables & Starter Motors LS 15.00 3 Additional Load LS 35.00 4 Transformer & VCB LS 25.00 5 UPS 2 Nos 75.00 6 DG Sets 2 Nos 80.00 D Steam Required 1 Boiler 400.00 2 Other Equipments (Chimney, Fuel & 150.00 Ash Handling System) E Condensate System & Cascading 50.00 F Civil 50.00 G Hazard Management 1 Fire fighting Equipments (Sprinklers, 5.00 fire pumps) H Pollution Control quipments 1 Vibro screen 5.00 2 ESP (To control dent from boiler) 175.00 3 Silencers of generators to control noise 2.50 4 Modification in the E.T.P. 30.00 Total 2052.50 Add. Taxes (Excise+CST+Vat): 246.30 Loading/Unloading & Handling: 30.00 Freight/ Octroi: 260.00 Erection & Commissioning: 475.00 Total Cost 3063.80 1 Provision for CSR @ 2% 61.28 Total Project 3125.08 Cost Say, 31.25 Crores

2.2.9 Product

Kraft paper is a general term used to describe the variety of papers to be utilized by the converters to make cartons for the packaging of various consumer and industrial products. Traditionally, wood has been the raw material for paper production. It is increasingly becoming scarce and therefore the attention was drawn to the manufacturer of paper from other cellulosic sources such as agricultural residues (bagasse / straw / grass) and also waste paper. In this project it is proposed to use Agricultural residues like Bagasse & Wheat Straw along with waste papers as raw material.

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2.2.9.1 Product Grades

1. Double Layer Kraft 120 to 150 gsm, + 20 BF 2. Double Layer Kraft 150 to 180 gsm, + 22 BF 3. Double Layer Kraft 180 to 240 gsm, + 22 BF Salient Characteristics of Kraft paper are its strength and dimensional stability and is further classified as top liner, media and board. The major categories included in this group of paper are as under: 1. MG Kraft papers – used to make lighter weight carry bags etc. 2. Media fluting Kraft paper – used to insert inner layer of cartons after fluting. 3. Single Layer Kraft paper – used to manufacture cheap variety of cartons. 4. Double Layer Kraft paper – used to manufacture stronger variety of cartons. Above qualities of paper are normally manufactured in the substance range of 50 to 240 gsm having an average substance of 150 gsm. M/s Rama Shyma Papers Ltd. have already established its brand strength in making quality Kraft Papers and this project will be synergic to present operations.

2.2.10 Manufacturing Process Description

As mentioned in the foregoing the manufacturing process generally remains same as existing, as described earlier in Sec. 2.1.2 along with the additions under the MEP as described in the Sec. 2.2.5 above.

2.2.11 Raw Material, Chemicals and Fuel Requirement at Full Capacity Utilization Table 2.8: Annual Requirement of Raw Materials & Chemicals (Post Project) at Full Capacity Utilization S.No. Item Quantity, MT per Annum Raw Materials 1 Wheat Straw 54,800 2 Bagasse 110,000 3 Sarkanda 185,000 4 Waste Paper 21,500 Chemicals 5 Caustic Soda 14,000 6 Ferric Alum 3,500 7 Starch 500 8 Rosin 250 9 Guar Gum 250 The above mentioned raw materials mainly comprise of the renewable agro wastes produced in the rural areas of the state and are procured from the areas within 100 km. Epsilon Projects Pvt. Ltd. 26 Rapid EIA: 150 MTPD Paper Mill

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of the site. These are transported to the site in trucks and tractor trolleys. During the unloading of these raw materials water sprays are used for dust suppression to maintain dust free atmosphere. As mentioned in Sec. 2.1.2 (a), The raw material area is fenced with walls, which act as wind curtain to avoid blowing away of raw materials during summer/ high winds. For fire fighting, sprinkler system with pressurised pumping has been provided in the raw material yard. Waste papers, i.e. old corrugated cartons, are procured from the nearby cities and towns through the existing collection network. These are transported to the site in trucks.

2.2.12 Utilities and Fuel Requirement at Full Capacity Utilization

a. Water: 2,050 KL/Day; 13.6 KL/MT Paper b. Fuel: Paddy Husk, Khoi, Ply Patta, Turri: Approx. 60,000 TPA Pet Coke & Coal: Approx. 2,500 TPA c. Electric Power: 3,500 KVA from the state UPPCL Grid Thus the fresh water consumption is well below the norm of 75 KL/MT paper. Paddy Husk and other fuels are brought to the site by various vehicles through road transport. Water sprays are used for dust suppression to maintain dust free atmosphere. The steam is supplied by the boiler plant utilizing paddy husk and other agro wastes as fuel. The Electric Power is drawn from the State UPPCL Grid.

2.2.12.1 Details of Water Requirement:

The total water requirement of the project including both existing and proposed is tabulated below. Water is currently sourced from the two bore wells installed in the plant. After MEP, fresh water shall continue to be drawn from the ground by the use of the existing tubewells. No new water structure is proposed. However, an application seeking permission from the Central Ground Water Authority for the extraction of ground water has been submitted. The application has been recommended and forwarded by the Regional Director, CGWB, to the Authority for grant of permission. A copy of the recommendation letter of the Regional Director, CGWB, is enclosed as Annexure 2.8.

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Table 2.9: Water Requirement (Existing and Post-Expansion)

ActivityP Existing Proposed Total No. of Annual r Requirement Additional Requir- Operati Require e m3/day Require- ement -onal -ement s ment m3 /day days in m3 e m3 /day a year Industrialn Activity 1,064 976 2,040 330 673,025 Residential/Domestict - 5 5 365 1,825 Greenbelt Development/ Treated - - - - EnvironmentP effluent to be Maintenancer used for this o purpose Otherd Use - - - - - Grandu Total 1,064 981 2,045 330 674,850 c tion Capacity, TPD: 70 Production Capacity Post-project, TPD: 150 Specific Water Consumption. M3/MT production: Present: 1064/70 = 15.2 Post Project: 2045/150 = 13.6 2.2.12.2 Breakup of Recycled Water Usage: a. Qty of treated water available: 1,850 m3/day. b. Reuse in Industrial activity: 240 m3/day c. Reuse for greenbelt development: 250 m3/day. 2.2.12.3 Back Water Generation & Reuse:

Table 2.10: Back Water Generation & Reuse (Post Project) Back Water Generated KL/Day 1 Paper Machine 7,780 2 Decker Thickener 670 3 Evaporator Section (Foul Condensate) 990 Total 9,440 Back Water Reuse: 1 Pulping & Stock Prepn. Section 7,600 2 Effluent to ETP 1,840 Total 9,440

Extensive reuse of back water has been provided to reduce the fresh water consumption. The back water reuse measures include,

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1. Closing of the seal water circuit of the paper machine vacuum pumps by providing a cooling tower to reduce the temperature of the outgoing seal water for its reuse in the vacuum pumps. 2. Fibre recovery from the excess white water of the paper machine in the Sedicell and use of the clarified white water in the showers of the paper machine. 3. Reuse of the machine back water in waste paper pulping. 4. Reuse of the foul condensate from CRP the agro residue’ pulping.

2.2.13 Waste Water Generation, Treatment and Disposal

Fresh water is utilized in various processes of the plant, mainly the paper machine and pulping sections. Corresponding to these fresh water consumptions, effluents are generated in these processes. These effluents are extensively recycled in the process. The paper machine backwater is reused in the pulping section. After use and some reuse in the processes, wastewater containing chemicals and fiber are generated from the processes. Wastewater is also generated from sanitary & domestic blocks, mainly the residential colony, boiler blow down, water softening plant regeneration and other miscellaneous sources. The wastewaters produced is about 90% of the quantity of water consumed, have substantial pollution loads and require to be treated to conform to the specified regulatory standards before their disposal on land or streams. Also the waste waters are free of oil & grease, not requiring any oil & grease trap in the ETP. As mentioned in the foregoing, chemical recovery plant has been installed to incinerate the highly polluting non-biodegradable black liquor generated in the pulping process, thus achieving major reduction of polluting load in the effluent. The existing effluent treatment plant of the mill based on activated sludge process as described in the foregoing shall be augmented to treat the process effluents generated post-project as per the ETP scheme attached as Annexure 2.7. The existing units shall be modified as required for incorporation in the new ETP scheme. The treated effluent shall be of a quality suitable for discharge into streams. The modifications for more effective performance include diffused aeration as also the tertiary treatment through duel media filter. A part quantity of the treated effluent is reused in the process before discharge to drain. The treated effluent is utilized in wet washing of straw, fire sprinkler system as well as dust suppression wherever required. Treatment of the wastewater generated from sanitary & domestic blocks, will remain same as per the existing practice. Water is also needed for gardening and plantations. The requirement of the water needed for gardening and plantations is met by the fully treated effluent.

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2.2.14 Solid Waste Generation and Disposal

The main solid wastes are generated in the plant from Paddy Husk fired Boilers and the effluent treatment plant. The details of the same are as follows:

Table 2.11: Solid Waste Quantification and Disposal Post-Project Type of Waste Quantity Disposal (MT)/day 1) Fly Ash from the Boiler 60-65 Used as landfill and ESP 2) ETP Sludge – Primary 4-5 Used in Board making and also collected by the local community for use as fuel. - Secondary 0.50 Used as manure and soil conditioner in gardening & plantations. As none of the process inputs are toxic in nature, the solid wastes are also devoid of any toxicity.

2.2.15 Air Pollution Control

In addition to the pollution potential from the waste waters and solid wastes generated in the manufacturing process, facilities for treatment and disposal of which has been described above, air pollution is generated due to the particulate matter emission from the boiler stack, for which Air Pollution Control System has been provided. As mentioned earlier, the Air Pollution Control System (APCS) provided for the existing two medium pressure boilers is Multi-cyclone Dust Collector with Wet Scrubber. For the new 40 TPH capacity medium pressure proposed in the project, electro-static precipitator (ESP) is proposed as the APCS, to meet the current environmental regulations of the U.P. Pollution Control Board. To clean the flue gases of the suspended particulate matter, Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP), having an efficiency of over 99.9% for particulate matter emission has been proposed with the boiler. The cleaned flue gases, having a maximum temperature of about 130-140oC shall have SPM below 50 mg/Nm3, well within the norm of 150 mg/Nm3. The stack attached to the ESP is in RCC and shall have 2500 mm dia. and 35 meter height.

Table 2.12: Stack Emissions: 40 TPH Boiler APCS – ESP Flue Gas per kg Fuel (Theoritical), m3 4.6 Flue Gas per kg Fuel (70% excess air), m3 7.82 Flue Gas generated per hour, m3/hour 2,65,880

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Stack height, m 35 Stack Diameter, m 2.5 Stack Gas Velocity, mps 15.05 Flue Gas Temperature, oC 140 Maxm. Emission, mg/m3 100 Total max. Emmision, gms/sec 7.39 Only one boiler (40 TPH) to operate with both the existing boilers (14 TPH & 8 TPH) kept standby.

2.2.16 Capital & Running Cost of the proposed Environmental Control System Table 2.13: Capital & Running Cost of the proposed Environmental Control System Environmental Control System Cost, Rs. Lacs 1 Vibro screen 5.00 2 ESP (To control dent from boiler) 175.00 3 Silencers of generators to control 2.50 noise 4 Modification in the E.T.P. 30.00 Total: 212.50 Add: Taxes (Excise+CST+Vat): 25.5 Loading/ Unloading/ & Handling: 2.1 Freight/ Octroi: 8.5 Erection & Commissioning: 31.9 Total Capital Cost: 280.50

The annual running cost of the environmental control system is estimated at about 2.5% of the capital cost, i.e. Rs. 7.0 Lacs/Annum.

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CHAPTER THREE

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

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Chapter 3

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

3.1 Salient Features of the Study Area

3.1.1 Location

The project site lies in Tehsil and Block Faridpur of Bareilly District. The site coordinates are 28° 17’ 19.37” N Latitude and 79° 30’ 12.82” E Longitude. The study area covers an aerial distance of 10 km radius around the project site. All of the study area lies in Bareilly District and covers the blocks Faridpur, Kiyara, Bhutah and Bithri Chainpur. Bareilly District lies between 28o10’ North latitude and 78o23’ East longitude. The district covers an area of 4120 sq.km. It is bound on the north by Nanital district (Uttranchal), on the south by Badaun district, on the east by Pilibhit & Sahajahanpur districts and on the west by Rampur district. River Ramganga makes the natural boundary with Badaun district. Situated on the National Highway 24, the state capital is 237 km towards the north-east of the national capital. It is well connected by rail & road. Ramganga is the main river of the district and Bahgul, Shankh, Devrania, Nakatia, Kailasi are some other rivers flowing in the area. The district is part of the Bareilly Division and has a population of 4,465,344 (according to a census of 2011).

3.1.2 History of Bareilly District

Bareilly is sometimes also known as Bans-Bareilly, a name that is derived from that of two princes named Bansaldev & Baraldev (sons of a local king). It is situated on the banks of Ramganga and has a rich heritage and long history to boast about. The city has a mention in Epic Mahabharata as the capital of 'Panchal' rulers and is said to be birth place of Draupadi. In the medieval period it was under the Rohilaa. Mukrand Rai laid the modern city's foundation in 1657. The city for long has been a center for various minor and major movements. In recent past, Bareilly has given three eminent personalities- Waseem Barelvi (world renowned Urdu poet), Priyanka Chopra (former Miss World and famous young Bollywood actress) and Imran Khan (won a Gold medal in shooting in the 19th Commonwealth Games held in New Delhi. Bareilly is famous for Ala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Fazil-e-Barelvi all over the world. It is called "Bareilly Shareef" by muslims. The city is also famous for its Zari work (a type of embroidery or fabric decoration), 'Jhumka' - an intricate ear-rings or ear-pendants, Surma (Kohl) and Manjha. Manjha (the glass powder coated kite flying and fighting string) called 'Luddhi Manjha'. This manjha thrives on a secret recipe of rice, fevicol and glass, all in good quantity, that results in it being lethal should any other manjha come in contact with it.

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3.1.3 Topography

Bareilly district forms a part of Ramganga sub-basin in the central Indo-Gangetic plain. The Ramganga River divides the district into two unequal parts. Topographically, the area is almost an open plain with slight undulations which are more pronounced in the southern parts where the ground surface is being dissected by numerous river valleys. In the area lying north of Ramganga river, the general slope of land surface is from north to south, and in south of Ramganga i.e. Aonla tehsil it is from west to east. The highest elevation of land surface above mean sea level, as recorded on the extreme northern border of the district, is 202 metres and the lowest as recorded in the south eastern part of Fatehganj is 158 metres. A number of elevated structures i.e. mounds have been observed in Shergarh, Faridpur and Aonla area. The gradient of slope at land surface generally varies between 0.65-1.00 meters per km throughout the area.

3.1.4 River and Canal System

The main river of the district, the Ramganga River, flows from the West to the South- East, separating Tehsil Aonla from the rest of the district. The other rivers - the Siddha, the Dojora, the Bahgul (west), the Sankha, the Deoranian and the Nakatia, and their tributaries, which mostly rise in the Tarai, generally run through the district in Southern and South-Eastern direction to join the Ramganga river.

3.1.5 Economy

Since the period of liberalization in India, Bareilly is one of the fastest growing cities in the region on account of its booming economy. Trade and commerce have flourished in the urban city and followed diversification, though the rural economy of the district is largely agrarian identified as a "Counter Magnet". Bareilly is equidistant from New Delhi, the capital of India, and Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh, and thus has a lot of potential for setting up industries and to attract people to settle in the area.

3.1.6 Places of Interest

Bareilly is home to quite a few temples. Four Shiva (Nath) temples are situated on city’s four corners: The Alakhnath, Trivatinath, Madhinath & Dopeshwarnath temples. Another historical temple of Lord Shiva is in Lala Champak Rai Bagia near Alakhnath Temple in front of Ganga Temple. It is 200 years old near the Alakhnath Temple is the Tulsi Math where Tulsidas, the famous writer of the Ramcharitmanas and the author of the Ramayana, made this site his home sometime around 1600. One would also like to explore the “barra Bazaar” of Bareilly which has been in existence from the Mughal period and has historical significance. Bareilly is famous

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for handicrafts especially cane furniture, bamboo work, zari-zardoji and wooden furniture. Bareilly is famous for Ala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Fazil-e-Barelvi all over the world. It is called "Bareilly Shareef" by muslims.

3.1.7 Flood History of Area The study area lies in the foothill of the Kumaon Range of hills. The rivers flowing through the study area are characterized as steep gradient, high velocity flow rivers. The river course is meandering. During high flow periods, i.e. monsoon season, the rivers witness high speeds that abate after short durations. Inundation has hardly ever been witnessed in this area, even in the peak flood years of 2010 and 2011. These observations have been recorded during discussion with officials of Flood Control Department and local inhabitants.

3.1.8 Seismic History of Area

District Bareilly falls in Seismic Zone III (just at the border with Seismic Zone IV). This zone is also classified as moderate hazard zone. Earthquakes have occurred in mostly all parts of Uttar Pradesh. Major earthquakes in the neighbouring states of New Delhi, Uttaranchal, Bihar and from across the Indo- Nepal border have also shaken many parts of Uttar Pradesh. There are several faults in the region, among them the Moradabad Fault which trends NE-SW and the Bhairwan Fault in the vicinity of Allahabad. Apart from these there are east-west running tear faults in the region that control the courses of the main rivers. However, it must be stated that proximity to faults does not necessarily translate into a higher hazard as compared to areas located further away, as damage from earthquakes depends on numerous factors such as subsurface geology as well as adherence to the building codes. Listed below are the major earthquakes that have occurred in the region (Source: ASC, Pune (Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune): • 15 July 1720 - New Delhi, Delhi, M 7.6. • 1 September 1803 - Northern Garhwal region (Possibly Chamoli district) , M > 7. • 7 October 1920 - NW of Sasaram, Rothas District (Bihar-U.P. Border region), M 5.5. • 6 November 1925 - Rae Bareili-Sultanpur District border, M 6.0. • 10 October 1956 - Bulandshahr District (Uttar Pradesh), M 6.2. • 27 August 1960 - Gurgaon-Faridabad Districts (Haryana), M 6.0. • 1 June 1965 - West of Gorakhpur, (Ghorakpur-Basti Districts), M 5.7. • 15 September 1966 - South of Moradabad, (Moradabad-Rampur Districts), M 5.8. • 21 October 1991 - Near Pilang (Uttarkashi District), M 6.8.

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• 29th March 1999 - Near Gopeshwar (Chamoli District), M 6.5. • 18 October 2007 - Gautambudhnagar, Uttar Pradesh, M 3.6.

3.2 Geology & Hydrogeology

The study area forms a part of the Gangetic alluvial plain, which occupies a structural trough in front of Himalayan ranges. It was interpreted to be a fore deep or Great Rift Valley, filled with alluvium of enormous thickness varying from 4500 metres to as much as 25 Km. Bareilly district falls in one of such depression known as Ramganga depression. The area in Bareilly district occupies a small part of southern fringe of Tarai formation and flood plain deposits. These are underlain by quaternary sediments brought from Himalayas. The alluvial sediments mainly comprising clay, sand, gravel in varied proportion and grades are deposited is well stratified formation consisting of alternate bed of clay and granular material (sand fine to coarse) which is the main water bearings formation formed as aquifer. The general geological sequence of formation in the district is as given in the table below.

Table 3.2.1: General Geological Sequence of Formation in the District

System Age Formation Lithology Quaternary Recent to Upper Lower Piedmont Clay-sandy, sand, gravel Pliestocene Plain (Tarai) and clay

Recent to Upper Younger Alluvium Fine sand, silt clay mixed Pliestocene with gravel Upper Pliestocene Older Alluvium Clay with kankar & sand The district is underlain by a thick pile of alluvial sediments. The depth of basement in the area is not known so far as no borehole could reach upto the bedrock. The sub surface geological configuration of sediments has been studied with the help of lithological log / electrical log drilled by Central Ground Water Board. The board under its exploratory tube well programme has drilled 11 boreholes. Depth to water level: Depth to water level of topmost ground water saturated surface is unconfined aquifer. Further deep confined aquifers are observed which are leaky in nature. The water level and fluctuation data of permanent hydrograph stations of CGWB and State Ground Water Department, U.P., have been analysed and summerised below. It is indicated that in general water level in Bareilly district varies between 0 and 7 mbgl. However, in the southwestern parts deeper water levels upto 15 mbgl or more are observed. Along the Ramganga river water levels are shallower and within 5 mbgl.

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Table 3.2.2: Block-wise Water Level Data (Pre and Post-Monsoon) & Water Level Fluctuation (Year 2007)

Water level Water level range Pre- range Post- Average Fluctuation S. No. Blocks monsoon monsoon (m) (mbgl) (mbgl) 1. Bithri Chainpur 3.53-5.89 3.20-5.15 +0.49 2. Kyara 3.18-6.92 2.61-5.55 +2.49 3. Bhuta 3.94-7.20 1.95-5.77 +2.20 4. Faridpur 3.20-8.65 3.05-8.17 +0.39 5. Kaira 5.92-7.08 3.75-5.55 +3.31 (data 2008) 6. Baheri 2.45-4.49 1.39-3.19 +0.98 7. Richha 3.78-5.00 3.00-4.01 +0.89 8. Bhadpura 2.50-2.93 0.94-1.12 +1.39 9. Nawabganj 3.45-4.26 2.70-2.90 +1.20 10. Shergarh 4.82-6.62 2.70-5.30 +1.38 11. Bhojipura 3.25-4.05 2.94-3.00 +1.10 12. Mirganj 4.47-6.70 3.30-5.15 +1.40 Alampur 13. 5.68-11.64 5.48-10.95 +0.50 Zafrabad 14. Ram Nagar 6.08-14.88 5.88-14.65 +0.34 15. Majhgawan 5.00-6.32 4.45-6.10 +0.21 The analysis of water level data from hydrograph stations established by CGWB in the district, reflect a declining trend from 1998 to 2007 at 4 stations from 4 to 34 cm/yr. Whereas rising trend is observed at 6 stations. Whereas, during post-monsoon period 7 out of 10 stations show a declining trends from 9 to 28 cm/yr. Nawabganj station shows maximum rising trend.

3.3 Meteorology

The meteorological data recorded during the study period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information regarding proposed plant area and surrounding area for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters shall also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the region. The year may broadly be divided into four seasons:

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Table 3.3.1: Seasons in a Year

Winter Season December to February Pre-Monsoon Season March to May Monsoon Season June to September Post-Monsoon Season October to November

3.3.1 Methodology

The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS : 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to generate the site-specific data. Single season data was collected every hour continuously from 1st October to 31st December 2012 representing post- monsoon to winter season.

3.3.7 Summary of Observed Parameters

Table 3.3.2: Mean Values of Observed Meteorological Parameters

Month Temperature % Relative Total Wind o C Humidity Rainfall Speed Km/hr Max Min Mean Max Min Mean mm October, 31.3 19.6 24.6 68.9 61.4 64.7 7.0 4.2 2012 November, 26.7 14.0 19.1 73.7 68.2 70.1 0.0 3.8 2012 December, 20.4 10.0 14.3 77.5 71.6 74.2 69.0 4.7 2012 Mean 26.1 14.5 19.3 73.4 67.1 69.7 25.3 4.23 The data on daily variation in meteorological parameters are given in Annexure 3.3.1. Windrose diagrams for each month are given below and depict the wind pattern during the study period.

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Figure 3.3.1: Windrose Diagrams during Study Period (October-December, 2012)

3.3.8 Historical Meteorological Data

The secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest IMD station at Bareilly, located at a distance of about 10 km from the site. The available meteorological data from IMD Bareilly on rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, cloudiness and special weather phenomena, has

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been compiled from the IMD climatological table (based on observations from 1951 to 1980). The collected data is tabulated in the following tables. The inversion level data was taken from the IMD Atlas. Lucknow is the nearest IMD station where inversion height is recorded. The maximum inversion level in winter is recorded as 762.2 m (σ = 197.02 m).

Table 3.3.3: Climatological Data on Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature

and Relative Humidity (1951-80)

Month Atmospheric Temperature Relative Pressure (mb) o ( C) Humidity (%) max min January 991.9 21.6 6.8 79 February 989.5 24.4 9.2 70 March 986.7 30.1 14.1 59 April 983.0 36.3 19.9 42 May 978.5 39.7 24.1 41 June 974.7 39.2 26.5 58 July 974.4 34.2 25.7 80 August 976.2 32.7 25.0 84 September 980.5 33.6 23.4 77 October 986.2 32.8 18.0 68 November 990.5 28.6 11.4 67 December 992.3 23.6 7.2 75 Annual 983.7 31.4 17.6 67 Source: IMD Bareilly (1951-80)

Table 3.3.4: Climatological Data on Rainfall and Wind Speed (1951-80)

Month Rainfall No of Rainy Wind Speed (mm) Days (km/hr) January 24.6 2.0 5.7 February 18.5 1.4 8.0 March 10.3 1.2 7.7 April 5.1 0.5 7.9

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May 15.0 1.5 8.3 June 54.0 3.0 9.2 July 248.0 9.1 7.1 August 332.2 11.3 6.6 September 138.9 4.9 5.9 October 42.8 1.6 4.4 November 3.1 0.3 4.5 December 8.5 0.6 4.5 Annual 901.0 37.4 6.7 Source: IMD Bareilly (1951-80)

Table 3.3.5: Special Weather Phenomena (1951-80)

Month Number of Days with Precipitation Hail Thunder Fog Dust Squall >0.3 Storm January 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 February 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 March 1.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 April 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 May 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 June 3.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 July 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 August 11.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 September 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 October 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 November 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 December 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 Annual 43.6 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 Source: IMD Bareilly (1951-80)

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Table 3.3.6: Number of Days with Full Cloud Low Cloud Amount; OKTAS (1951-80)

Month Number of Days with Cloud Number of Days with Low Fog Amount (All Clouds) Cloud Amount OKTAS OKTAS 0 1-2 3-5 6-7 8 0 1-2 3-5 6-7 8 January 27 0 2 1 1 31 0 0 0 0 0 February 25 0 2 1 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 March 28 0 1 1 1 31 0 0 0 0 0 April 27 0 1 1 1 30 0 0 0 0 0 May 30 0 0 0 1 31 0 0 0 0 0 June 27 0 1 1 1 30 0 0 0 0 0 July 19 0 4 2 6 30 0 0 0 1 0 August 17 0 5 3 6 29 0 1 0 1 0 September 24 0 2 1 3 29 0 1 0 0 0 October 29 0 1 0 1 31 0 0 0 0 0 November 30 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 December 29 0 2 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 Annual 312 0 21 11 21 361 0 2 0 2 0

Source: IMD Bareilly (1951-80)

Table 3.3.7: Monthly Daily Normals

Max Min Mean Relative Rainfall Rainy Wind Temp Temp Temp Humidity (mm) Days Speed (oC) (oC) (oC) (%) (km/hr) 1971- 1971- 1971- 1971- 1941- 1941- 1971- Period 2000 2000 2000 2000 1990 1990 2000 Jan 21.6 7.1 14.3 73.1 23.9 1.9 4.6 Feb 24.7 9.5 17.1 63.5 19.5 1.4 7.2 Mar 30.7 14.1 22.4 51.1 12.8 1.1 9.5 Apr 37.3 20.1 28.7 35.4 5.9 0.5 11.5 May 39.4 24.0 31.7 38.2 17.2 1.3 12.1 Jun 38.0 25.9 32.0 63.3 91.8 4.6 10.1

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Jul 34.1 25.7 29.9 76.5 319 12.4 8.5 Aug 33.1 25.4 29.2 80.4 324.6 13.2 7.1 Sep 33.0 23.8 28.4 77.1 169.4 6.8 6.0 Oct 32.3 18.3 25.3 69.9 58.9 2.0 3.2 Nov 28.5 12.2 20.4 70.0 1.8 0.2 2.4 Dec 23.5 7.8 15.6 74.3 5.7 0.5 3.3

Source: IMD Daily District-wise Normals for Bareilly

3.4 Ambient Air Quality

The prime objective of the baseline air monitoring was to evaluate the existing air quality of the area. This shall also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the operation of the proposed power plant.

3.4.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

3.4.1.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the air quality in the study area has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations: • Meteorological conditions; • The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey and selection of sampling locations considering the guidelines given in the EIA manual of the MoEF; • Topography of the study area; • Representatives of likely impact areas Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at eight locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. Table 3.4.1 gives details of environmental setting around each monitoring station and their distances with reference to the proposed power plant. The AAQM locations are depicted in Figure 3.4.1.

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Table 3.4.1: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Location Location Distance w.r.t. Direction Environmental Code Site (km) w.r.t. Site Setting A1 Factory site 0.00 Site Industrial A2 Andharpur 1.50 SES Rural A3 Gopalpur 1.25 N Rural A4 Rajau Paraspur 2.00 SW Rural A5 Khajuria 5.25 E Rural A6 Mohanpur 6.50 NW Commercial A7 Semra 7.25 SW Rural A8 Faridpur 9.50 SES Commercial

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Figure 3.4.1: Air Sampling Locations

3.4.1.2 Frequency, Parameters for Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days per week at eight locations during the post-monsoon study period, October-December, 2012. The samples were collected and analyzed by Shiva Test House, 6D Extension (Chatterjee Lane), Gardanibagh, Patna (Bihar). The laboratory is accredited by MoEF. The ambient air quality monitoring was done as per CPCB standards. 3.4.1.3 Presentation of Results

The results of ambient air quality monitoring are presented in Table 3.4.2. Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile (98%), average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed data for all the monitoring stations.

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The computed results are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) as given in Annexure 3.4.1.

Table 3.4.2: Ambient Air Quality Results (Post-Monsoon Season, October-December, 2012)

Location Parameter PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX HC CO µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 PPM PPM A1 Min 55.2 32.1 12.3 14.2 <1 <1 Max 63.9 38.9 14.9 17.8 - - Mean 59.38 35.6 13.29 15.98 - -

S.D. 2.77 2.27 0.77 1.1 - - 98 percentile 63.75 39.7 14.75 17.8 - - A2 Min 27.5 18.6 8.2 9.1 <1 <1 Max 41.2 26.9 10.9 12.9 - - Mean 35.11 23.22 9.57 10.89 - -

S.D. 3.57 2.48 0.86 1.08 - - 98 percentile 41.05 26.75 10.85 12.8 - - A3 Min 25.1 15.6 7.4 7.3 <1 <1 Max 39.2 24.7 9.9 11.5 - - Mean 31.82 20.67 8.64 9.55 - -

S.D. 4.41 2.88 0.74 1.22 - - 98 percentile 39.04 24.7 9.75 11.34 - - A4 Min 26.4 16.9 7.6 8.3 <1 <1 Max 39.5 25.8 10.4 12 - - Mean 33.19 21.74 8.94 10.35 - -

S.D. 3.92 2.74 0.85 1.13 - -

98 percentile 38.8 25.53 10.35 12 - - A5 Min 25.4 15.6 7.3 8.2 <1 <1 Max 38.8 24.7 9.9 11.8 - - Mean 30.91 20.48 8.8 10.15 - -

S.D. 3.68 2.19 0.71 1.13 - - 98 percentile 38.2 24.4 9.85 11.8 - - A6 Min 51.6 31.1 12.2 14.3 <1 <1 Max 64.5 39.7 13.8 17.8 - - Mean 58.55 35.17 13.08 16.08 - -

S.D. 3.24 2.34 0.47 1.16 - -

98 percentile 64.15 39.25 13.8 17.8 - - A7 Min 26.7 16.4 7.3 7.8 <1 <1 Max 38.8 24.9 9.8 11.8 - - Mean 32.74 20.73 8.48 10.03 - -

S.D. 3.15 2.26 0.79 1 - -

98 percentile 37.95 24.8 9.8 11.7 - - A8 Min 55.4 31.4 12.2 14.3 <1 <1 Max 63.5 39.2 13.6 17.9 - - Mean 58.92 35.12 12.96 15.96 - -

S.D. 2.78 2.24 0.48 1.1 - - 98 percentile 63.5 38.95 13.65 17.7 - - Overall Min 25.1 15.6 7.3 7.3 <1 <1 Max 64.5 39.7 14.9 17.9 - - Mean 42.58 26.59 10.47 12.37 - -

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3.4.1.4 Observations

The observations based on the perusal of results for pre-monsoon season (March to April 2011) as given in Table 3.4.2 are summarized below: 3 SO2: The maximum value of 14.9 μg/m was observed at location A1 (Project Site) and minimum value of 7.3 μg/m3 was observed at location A5 and A7 (Vill. Khajuria

and Semra). The observed values of SO2 at all locations are found well within the 3 stipulated standards of 80 μg/m (Annexure 3.4.1). The mean value of SO2 in the study area is obtained as 10.47 μg/m3. 3 NOx: The maximum value of 17.9 μg/m was observed at location A8 (Faridpur) and minimum value of 7.3 μg/m3 was observed at location A3 (Vill. Gopalpur). The observed values of NOx at all locations are found well within the stipulated standards of 80 μg/m3 (Annexure 3.4.1). The mean value of NOx in the study area is obtained as 12.37 μg/m3. 3 PM10: The maximum value of 64.5 μg/m was observed at location A6 (Mohanpur) and minimum value of 25.1 μg/m3 was observed at location A3 (Vill. Gopalpur). The

observed values of PM10 at all locations are found well within the stipulated standards 3 of 100 μg/m (Annexure 3.4.1). The mean value of PM10 in the study area is obtained as 42.58 μg/m3. 3 PM2.5: The maximum value of 39.7 μg/m was observed at location A6 (Mohanpur) and minimum value of 15.6 μg/m3 was observed at location A3 and A5 (Vill.

Gopalpur and Khajuria). The observed values of PM2.5 at all locations are found well within the stipulated standards of 60 μg/m3 (Annexure 3.4.1). The mean value of 3 PM2.5 in the study area is obtained as 26.59 μg/m . CO: The concentration of CO was found to be less than 1 ppm at all locations. And thus observed values of CO at all locations are found well within the stipulated standards of 2 mg/m3 (Annexure 3.4.1). HC: The concentration of HC was found to be less than 1 ppm at all locations.

3.4.2 Traffic Pattern & Density

Traffic counts were carried out for the adjacent roads to provide background values of traffic volume and correlate the data to the levels of air pollution along the road. The examination of traffic volume has also been used to estimate the incremental pollution loads on account of increase in traffic because of project activities. For vehicular traffic monitoring, two locations were chosen. One location was selected on the NH-24, which passes along the western side of the proposed site and runs approximately in the NNW-SSE direction, roughly dividing the study area into two hemispheres. The other location was on the approach road from NH-24 to the project site (NH-24 to Bahadurpur Road). Traffic implications of proposed expansion shall be limited to both these roads. Both locations are marked on Figure 3.4.2.

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Figure 3.4.2: Traffic Monitoring Locations

Vehicular traffic counts were performed on either side of both roads. In total, the road was surveyed for three days (covering weekdays and weekend). Vehicular traffic included two wheelers, three wheelers, four wheelers (light vehicles) and heavy vehicle. Number of vehicles and corresponding traffic densities are presented in Table 3.4.3 and in Table 3.4.4.

Table 3.4.3: Traffic Count at NH-24 Road

Time Two Wheelers Three Wheelers Four Wheelers Heavy Vehicle Density (count/hr) Zone Up Down Total Up Down Total Up Down Total Up Down Total Up Down Total

0600 to 1000 828 528 1356 234 264 498 540 598 1138 424 414 838 506 451 957 hrs

1000 to 1400 743 626 1369 324 395 719 564 564 1128 523 563 1086 538 537 1075 hrs

1400 to 1800 868 778 1646 289 325 614 496 523 1019 386 396 782 509 506 1015 hrs

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1800 to 2200 272 243 515 172 212 384 269 274 543 716 756 1472 357 371 728 hrs

2200 to 0200 25 21 46 35 35 70 169 243 412 624 674 1298 213 243 456 hrs

0200 to 0600 12 9 21 42 32 74 198 176 374 214 244 458 116 115 231 hrs

Density 115 92 206 46 53 98 93 99 192 120 127 247 373 371 744 /hr

Total in 24 2748 2205 4953 1096 1263 2359 2236 2378 4614 2887 3047 5934 hrs

The observation reveals that on an average, 744 (to & fro) vehicles per hour are passing over NH-24. Heavy traffic dominates on the national highway. Traffic density volume and density is maximum between 1000 to 1400 hours and minimum between 0200 to 0600 hours.

Table 3.4.4: Traffic Count at NH-24 to Bahadurpur Approach Road

Time Two Wheelers Three Wheelers Four Wheelers Heavy Vehicle Density (count/hr) Zone Up Down Total Up Down Total Up Down Total Up Down Total Up Down Total

0600 to 1000 25 21 46 3 4 7 7 9 16 2 2 4 9 9 18 hrs

1000 to 1400 14 11 25 5 8 13 4 7 11 4 4 8 7 8 15 hrs

1400 to 1800 32 22 54 3 2 5 5 6 11 5 5 10 11 9 20 hrs

1800 to 2200 38 29 67 5 4 9 7 6 13 2 2 4 13 10 23 hrs

2200 to 0200 5 5 10 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 2 4 hrs

0200 to 0600 3 3 6 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 hrs

Density 5 4 9 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 7 7 14 /hr

Total in 24 117 91 208 16 18 34 25 30 55 13 13 26 hrs

The observation reveals that on an average, 14 (to & fro) vehicles per hour are passing over the approach road. Two-wheeler traffic dominates the road. In contrast to the Epsilon Projects Pvt. Ltd. 49 Rapid EIA: 150 MTPD Paper Mill

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national highway, the volume of heavy traffic on the approach road is minimum. Traffic density volume and density is maximum between 1800 to 2200 hours and minimum between 0200 to 0600 hours.

3.5 Noise Level Survey

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various types of loudness levels distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted scale, which is measured as dB(A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of human ear. The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated during the project operations around the project site.

3.5.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the sampling points, representing the noise pollution status in the study area. Ten sampling points (Figure 3.5.1) were selected in the study area for taking measurement on noise pollution; the description of sampling points is given in Table 3.5.1.

Table 3.5.1: Details of Noise Monitoring Locations

Location Location Distance Direction Category Code w.r.t. site (km) w.r.t. site N1 Factory site 0.00 Site Industrial N2 Andharpur 1.50 SES Rural N3 Gopalpur 1.25 N Rural N4 Rajau Paraspur 2.00 SW Rural N5 Khajuria 5.25 E Rural N6 Mohanpur 6.50 NW Commercial N7 Semra 7.25 SW Rural N8 Faridpur 9.50 SES Commercial N9 NH-24, Junction Point 0.60 WSW Industrial N10 Fatehpur 3.00 NE Rural

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Figure 3.5.1: Noise Sampling Locations

3.5.2 Noise Measurements

The samples were collected and analyzed by Shiva Test House, 6D Extension (Chatterjee Lane), Gardanibagh, Patna (Bihar). The laboratory is accredited by MoEF. The noise measurements were undertaken at each location in the study period, October to December, 2012. At each location continuous 24 hourly noise monitoring was conducted starting at 6.00 hrs to 6.00 hrs next day. Noise levels were recorded in the dB (A) scale.

3.5.3 Presentation of Results

The maximum noise, Lmax, and minimum noise, Lmin, values were computed for each

location. Also, the day’s noise (Ld) and night’s noise (Ln) were computed using

corresponding hourly Leq value of each location. Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m.

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to 10.00 p.m. and night time from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. Results are presented in Table 3.5.2 and Figure 3.5.2. For comparing the noise pollution status of the area, the noise pollution standards prescribed by CPCB are shown in Table 3.5.3 and in Figure 3.5.2. Table 3.5.2: Mean Noise Levels dB(A) in the Study Area

S. Location Code L Min L Max Lday Ln No. 1. Factory site N1 46.1 68.7 61.9 48.6 2. Andharpur N2 46.1 57.3 54.1 47.9 3. Gopalpur N3 42.6 54.2 50.8 44.7 4. Rajau Paraspur N4 45.6 56.5 53.4 47.5 5. Khajuria N5 42.6 54.2 50.8 44.8 6. Mohanpur N6 47.8 58.6 55.3 49.5 7. Semra N7 42.5 53.7 50.8 44.7 8. Faridpur N8 47.2 58.1 55.4 49.5 9. NH-24, Junction Point N9 49.8 60.5 57.3 51.6 10. Fatehpur N10 43.3 54.5 51.6 45.5 Min 49.8 68.7 61.9 51.6 Max 42.5 53.7 50.8 44.7 Mean 45.4 57.6 54.1 47.4

NOISE OBSERVATIONS

70 L Min 60 L Max Ld 50 Ln

Noise Level dB(A) Level Noise 40 Day Std (Res) Night Std (Res) 30 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 Sampling Points

Fig. 3.5.2: Noise Pollution Status of Sampling Points

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3.5.4 Noise Status of the Study Area

a) Day Time Noise Levels (Ld)

The day time (Ld) noise levels ranged from 50.8 dB(A) to 61.9 dB(A). The maximum noise level 61.9 dB(A) was observed at the Project Site (industrial) and the minimum 50.8 dB(A) in rural areas. The mean value of Day’s noise of the study area was observed as 54.1 dB(A). The day standard noise level (55 dB(A)) for residential areas was exceeded at the project site and at the national highway, both of which are non residential areas. b) Night Time Noise Levels (Ln)

The night time (Ln) noise levels ranged from 44.7 dB(A) to 51.6 dB(A). The maximum noise level 51.6 dB(A) was observed at the National Highway and the minimum in rural areas. The mean value of Night’s noise of the study area was observed as 47.4 dB(A). The night standard noise level (45 dB(A)) for residential areas was exceeded at the commercial and industrial locations.

3.6 Water Environment

3.6.1 Water Quantity

The study area occupies a small part of southern fringe of Tarai formation and is as such rich in ground water resources. It lies in the foothills of the Kumaon Range of the Himalayas and forms a part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin. The stage of ground water development as assessed by the Central Ground Water Board for the blocks comprising the study area is given below. As is evident, the entire study area is as safe.

Table 3.6.1: Stage of Ground Water Development of the Assessment Unit (Block)

as on 31.03.2009

Assessment Net Ground Annual Draft Net Ground Water Stage of Category Units Water Recharge Availability Ground Blocks Water Develop

ment ham m/ha ham m/ha ham m/ha % Faridpur 9529.22 0.31 6798.78 0.22 2730.44 0.09 71.35 Safe Bhutah 9771.81 0.30 8392.55 0.26 1379.26 0.04 85.89 Safe Kiyara 5461.88 0.26 4528.62 0.22 933.26 0.04 82.91 Safe Bidhri 11836.3 0.44 7470.46 0.28 4265.87 0.16 63.96 Safe Chainpur 3

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Source: Central Ground Water Board The status of ground water table in the pre and post monsoon period is also given for selected stations falling in the blocks comprising the study area.

Table 3.6.2: Pre- & Post-Monsoon Ground Water Table Status (Yr: 2011)

S. Assessment Hydrograph Station Pre- Post- No. Units- Monsoon Monsoon Blocks (in m) (in m) (Yes/No) (Yes/No) 1. Faridpur Pathera - 6.40 Tighra - 5.94 Fatehganj (E) 5.44 4.04 Kesarpur (E) 2.60 1.45 Pachaumi 4.53 3.51 Shivpuri 6.45 5.20 Maini 6.76 5.36 Faridpur 3.95 3.03 Sukatia Sighavari 5.50 4.05 Rampura Ratan 6.05 4.65 Navada Bilsandi - 6.12 2. Bhutah Dhakani 6.03 5.07 Kuandanda 3.80 2.53 Bhutah 4.45 3.20 Faiznagar 4.62 2.52 Gangapur 3.67 2.28 Kerua 3.93 2.59 Mehatarpur Tejsingh 3.05 2.70 Budhauli 3.95 2.20 Athana 3.20 1.70 Tisua 5.15 3.80 Harharpur 4.50 3.55 Inayatpur 2.95 2.30 3. Kiyara Bukhara 3.37 1.94

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Saidpur Lashkari 6.25 - Ganj Sudanpur 5.35 Anguri Thakuran 5.39 3.79 Itauva Sukhdevpur 4.25 2.10 4. Bidhri Bhandsar 4.00 2.60 Chainpur Bithri Chainpur 5.23 3.40 Kaimua Kalan 4.50 3.05 Dohra Lalpur 5.09 3.30 Kesarpur 3.42 2.42

Source: Central Ground Water Board

Bore-well data and litho-logs from three bore-wells at Rajau Paraspur, Dalpatpur and Karanpur were used to develop the following Fence Diagram. The diagram clearly indicates the water bearing and non-bearing strata in the area surrounding the project site. The coarse sand and medium sand strata are high water bearing strata, fine sand and fine-medium sand strata are medium water bearing strata, and sand with clay strata are low water bearing strata. The clay strata are non-water bearing strata. The presence of the sand-kankar strata at the project site and in its vicinity, clearly indicates the presence of aquifers at a depth of 5-10 m. Presence of deeper aquifers can also be deduced.

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Figure 3.6.1: Fence Diagram of Area Surrounding Project Site

Source: Central Ground Water Board

3.6.2 Water Quality

Water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources within 10 km radius of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and to evaluate anticipated impact of the project. Understanding of the water quality is essential in the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.

3.6.2.1 Methodology

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions: Eight surface water samples (from lakes, canals, rivers) and one sample each upstream and downstream of discharge point collected and analysed for physico- chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters. Ten ground water samples from various sources covering 10 km radial distance from the proposed site were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of proposed plant and other activities on surface and ground water.

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The samples were collected and analyzed by Shiva Test House, 6D Extension (Chatterjee Lane), Gardanibagh, Patna (Bihar). The laboratory is accredited by MoEF. For analysis, APHA/IS 3025 technique was followed and the results were compared with Drinking Water Specifications: IS: 10500, 1991.

3.6.3 Water Sampling Locations

The surface water sampling locations are identified in Table 3.6.3 and shown in Figure 3.6.2. Surface water sampling was done at eight locations to cover major lakes, canal and rivers in the study area. Two additional locations (one 60 m upstream and other 60 m downstream of final outfall of treated effluent) were also sampled. The ground water sampling locations are identified in Table 3.6.4 and shown in Figure 3.6.3. Ground water monitoring was done at ten locations.

Table 3.6.3: Surface Water Sampling Locations

Location Location Distance Direction Nature of Code w.r.t. site (km) w.r.t. site Source SW1 Gopalpur 1.25 N Pond SW2 Rasuiya 3.75 SW Pond SW3 Jerh 5.50 SES Pond SW4 Padarathpur 3.75 NNW Pond SW5 Parsauna 4.00 WNW Pond SW6 Faridpur Branch 3.75 ESE Canal (Mehtarpur) SW7 Nakatia River 6.75 NW River SW8 Behgul River 9.00 SE River

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Figure 3.6.2: Surface Water Sampling Locations

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Table 3.6.4: Ground Water Sampling Locations

Location Location Distance Direction Code w.r.t. site (km) w.r.t. site GW1 Factory site 0.00 Site GW2 Bhatha Handpump 0.50 SW GW3 Longpur 8.75 S GW4 Rajau Paraspur 2.00 SW GW5 Khajuria 5.25 E GW6 Nirotam Nagla 6.50 NE GW7 Naurangabad 6.75 SWS GW8 Faridpur 9.50 SES GW9 Andharpur 1.50 SE GW10 Bareilly City 7.50 NW

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Figure 3.6.3: Ground Water Sampling Locations

3.6.4 Presentation of Results Results of the water quality, monitored during the study period, representing post- monsoon season, are given in Table 3.6.5 for surface water quality and in Table 3.6.6 for ground water quality.

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Table 3.6.5: Surface Water Quality

S. Parameter Units Result No. SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4 I Essential Characteristics 1 Colour Hazen <5 <5 <5 <5 2 Odour - UO UO UO UO 3 Total suspended solids - 17 13 15 19 4 Turbidity NTU 4 2 5 3 5 pH - 7.21 7.34 7.29 7.48

6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 69 57 77 51 7 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.16 0.14 0.19 0.13 8 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 18 13 15 11 9 Conductivity mg/l 149 153 161 150 II Desirable Characteristics 10 Dissolved Solids mg/l 92 98 81 86 11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 20 26 17 22 12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 7 9 11 13 13 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 14 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL

15 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 16 12 21 9

16 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 5 3 4 7 17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.70 0.67 0.78 0.73 18 Phenolic Compounds as mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 19 MercuryC H OH as Hg mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 21 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 22 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Cyanide as Cn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 25 Zinc as Zn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 26 Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 27 Oil and Grease mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 28 Alkalinity mg/l 57 54 60 69 29 Boron as B mg/l 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.08 30 Sodium as Na mg/l 13 17 8 10 31 Percent sodium mg/l 23.71 19.84 24.56 20.58 32 Nickel ( as Ni ) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 33 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.92 4.88 4.93 4.81 34 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 35 Kjeldhal Nitrogen mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 36 Free Ammonia mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 37 Dissolved phosphate mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 38 COD mg/l 7 9 11 8 39 BOD (27oC for 3 days) mg/l 4 5 5 6 40 Total Coliform MPN/100 22 24 28 25

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S. Parameter Units Result No. SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 I Essential Characteristics 1 Colour Hazen <5 <5 <5 <5 2 Odour - UO UO UO UO 3 Total suspended solids - 14 16 12 18 4 Turbidity NTU 2 4 3 5 5 pH - 7.39 7.55 7.53 7.66

6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 72 60 65 63 7 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.15 8 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 16 14 17 12 9 Conductivity mg/l 168 154 170 165 II Desirable Characteristics 10 Dissolved Solids mg/l 105 100 110 100 11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 19 21 18 15 12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 10 5 8 6 13 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 14 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL

15 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 7 4 15 3

16 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 11 2 8 10 17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.69 0.80 0.65 0.75

18 Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 19 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 21 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 22 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Cyanide as Cn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 25 Zinc as Zn mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 26 Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 27 Oil and Grease mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 28 Alkalinity mg/l 63 53 58 55 29 Boron as B mg/l 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.06 30 Sodium as Na mg/l 19 15 9 7 31 Percent sodium mg/l 21.73 24.22 22.81 19.11 32 Nickel ( as Ni ) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 33 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.90 4.84 4.80 4.82 34 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 35 Kjeldhal Nitrogen mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 36 Free Ammonia mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 37 Dissolved phosphate mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 38 COD mg/l 18 20 45 41 39 BOD (27oC for 3 days) mg/l 5 6 12 11 40 Total Coliform MPN/100 27 35 65 72

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S. Parameter Units Result No. SW Upstream SW Downstream I Essential Characteristics 1 Colour Hazen <5 <5 2 Odour - UO UO 3 Total suspended solids - 27 32 4 Turbidity NTU 4 2 5 pH - 7.21 7.34 6 Total Hardness as mg/l 69 74 7 IronC CO as Fe mg/l 0.16 0.18 8 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 18 22 9 Conductivity mg/l 149 153 II Desirable Characteristics 10 Dissolved Solids mg/l 92 98 11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 20 26 12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 7 9 13 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL BDL 14 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL BDL

15 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 16 19

16 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 5 7 17 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.70 0.77 18 Phenolic Compounds as mg/l BDL BDL 19 MercuryC H OH as Hg mg/l BDL BDL 20 Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL BDL 21 Selenium as Se mg/l BDL BDL 22 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL BDL 23 Cyanide as Cn mg/l BDL BDL 24 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL BDL 25 Zinc as Zn mg/l BDL BDL 26 Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l BDL BDL 27 Oil and Grease mg/l <1 <1 28 Alkalinity mg/l 57 59 29 Boron as B mg/l 0.07 0.03 30 Sodium as Na mg/l 13 17 31 Percent sodium mg/l 23.71 25.84 32 Nickel ( as Ni ) mg/l BDL BDL 33 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.92 5.18 34 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l BDL BDL 35 Kjeldhal Nitrogen mg/l BDL BDL 36 Free Ammonia mg/l BDL BDL 37 Dissolved phosphate mg/l BDL BDL 38 COD mg/l 69 73 39 BOD (27oC for 3 days) mg/l 17 19 40 Total Coliform MPN/100 150 165

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Table 3.6.6: Ground Water Quality S. PARAMETERS RESULTS IS 10500 No. DRIKING WATER STANDARD

UNITS GW 1 GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 DESIRABLE PERMISSIBLE LIMITS LIMITS

1 Odour Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless - -

2 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable - -

3 Colour Hazen Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 9 25

4 pH 7.45 7.42 7.8 7.77 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5

5 Turbidity NTU 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 5 10

6 Total Hardness mg/l 318.0 305.0 222.0 218.0 300 600

as CaCO3 7 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.32 0.28 0.18 0.20 0.3 1

8 Chloride as Cl mg/l 62.0 58.0 36.0 54.0 250 1000

9 Dissolved Solids mg/l 384.0 364.0 322.4 310.4 500 2000

10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 15.3 12.8 19.2 16.4 75 200

11 Copper as Cu mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 1.5

12 Manganese as mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.3 Mn

13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 26.0 24.0 32.0 24.0 200 400

14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.38 1.22 1.3 1.41 45 200 15 Floride as F mg/l 0.17 0.16 0.13 0.15 0.6 to 1.2 1.5

16 Mercury as Hg mg/l <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 0.001 0.001

17 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 0.01 0.01

18 Selenium as Se mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.01

19 Arsenic as As mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

20 Cyanide as CN mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

21 Lead as Pb mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

22 Zinc as Zn mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 5 15

23 Cromium as Cr+6 mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

24 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

25 Alkalinity mg/l 83.7 64.0 86.4 91.4 200 600

26 Boron as B mg/l 0.018 0.014 0.01 0.017 1 5

27 Magnesium as mg/l 1.2 1.2 8.7 11.1 30 100 Mg

28 MPN of mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent 10 10 Coliform (E. Coli = (E. Coli = coumt/100 ml Absent) Absent)

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S. PARAMETERS RESULTS IS 10500 No. DRIKING WATER STANDARD

UNITS GW 5 GW 6 GW 7 DESIRABLE PERMISSIBLE LIMITS LIMITS

1 Odour Odourless Odourless Odourless - -

2 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable - -

3 Colour Hazen Colourless Colourless Colourless 5 25

4 pH 7.79 7.76 7.81 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5

5 Turbidity NTU 0.9 0.5 1.0 5 10

6 Total Hardness mg/l 204 238.0 208.0 300 600

as CaCO3 7 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.22 0.14 0.16 0.3 1

8 Chloride as Cl mg/l 38.0 46.0 36.0 250 1000

9 Dissolved Solids mg/l 309.7 312.4 298.6 500 2000

10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 16.5 18.4 20.2 75 200

11 Copper as Cu mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 1.5

12 Manganese as mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.3 Mn

13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 20.6 15.8 22.4 200 400

14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.55 1.63 1.51 45 200 15 Floride as F mg/l 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.6 to 1.2 1.5

16 Mercury as Hg mg/l <.001 <.001 <.001 0.001 0.001

17 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <.001 <.001 <.001 0.01 0.01

18 Selenium as Se mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.01

19 Arsenic as As mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

20 Cyanide as CN mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

21 Lead as Pb mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

22 Zinc as Zn mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 5 15

23 Cromium as Cr+6 mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

24 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

25 Alkalinity mg/l 96.5 94.7 98.2 200 600

26 Boron as B mg/l Nil Nil Nil 1 5

27 Magnesium as mg/l 9.21 8.45 9.85 30 100 Mg

28 MPN of mg/l Nil Nil Nil 10 10 Coliform (E. Coli = Absent) (E. Coli = coumt/100 ml Absent)

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S. PARAMETERS RESULTS IS 10500 No. DRIKING WATER STANDARD

UNITS GW 8 GW 9 GW 10 DESIRABLE PERMISSIBLE LIMITS LIMITS

1 Odour Odourless Odourless Odourless - -

2 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable - -

3 Colour Hazen Colourless Colourless Colourless 5 25

4 pH 7.43 7.55 7.53 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5

5 Turbidity NTU 0.80 0.60 1.20 5 10

6 Total Hardness as mg/l 202.8 203.4 251.5 300 600

CaCO3 7 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.12 0.20 0.18 0.3 1

8 Chloride as Cl mg/l 36.4 42.0 28.4 250 1000

9 Dissolved Solids mg/l 302.5 291.5 288.6 500 2000

10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 14.8 16.5 14.2 75 200

11 Copper as Cu mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 1.5

12 Manganese as Mn mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.1 0.3

13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 52.0 28.0 44.0 200 400

14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.45 1.35 1.59 45 200 15 Floride as F mg/l 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.6 to 1.2 1.5

16 Mercury as Hg mg/l <.001 <.001 <.001 0.001 0.001

17 Cadmium as Cd mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.01

18 Selenium as Se mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.01

19 Arsenic as As mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

20 Cyanide as CN mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

21 Lead as Pb mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 0.05

22 Zinc as Zn mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 5 15

23 Cromium as Cr+6 mg/l Absent Absent Absent 0.05 0.05

24 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

25 Alkalinity mg/l 94.8 90.5 93.6 200 600

26 Boron as B mg/l Nil Nil Nil 1 5

27 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 10.6 9.5 11.4 30 100

28 MPN of Coliform mg/l Nil Nil Nil 10 10 coumt/100 ml (E. Coli = Absent) (E. Coli = Absent)

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3.6.4.1 Surface Water Quality

The surface water quality does not indicate any industrial contamination; villagers are making use of surface water for bathing, washing, cattle washing, etc. 3.6.4.2 Ground Water Quality

It may be seen from Table 3.6.6 that almost all parameters are within desirable limit in all the samples. Some parameters that are exceeding the desirable limit are within the extended limits.

3.7 Soil Quality

It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the current impacts of installation of proposed plant on soil quality and also predict impacts, which may arise due to plant’s operations. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the baseline soil quality has been carried out.

3.7.1 Data Generation

For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil. The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this shall help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the plant. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives: . To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area, and . To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view. Six locations within 10 km radius of the proposed plant boundary were selected for soil sampling during pre-monsoon season. At each location, soil samples were collected from depth of 20-30 cm below the surface. The samples were collected and analyzed by Shiva Test House, 6D Extension (Chatterjee Lane), Gardanibagh, Patna (Bihar). The laboratory is accredited by MoEF. Standard methodology was used for analyzing the samples. The details of the sampling locations are given in Table 3.7.1 and are shown in Figure 3.7.1. The soil quality at all the locations during the study period is tabulated in Table 3.7.2.

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Table 3.7.1: Details of Soil Sampling Locations

Location Location Distance Direction Code w.r.t. site (km) w.r.t. site

S1 Factory site 0.00 Site

S2 Ash Dump Ground 0.50 SW

S3 Rajau Paraspur 2.00 SSW

S4 Khajuria 5.25 E

S5 Naurangabad 6.75 SWS

S6 Mohanpur 6.50 NW

Figure 3.7.1: Soil Sampling Locations

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Table 3.7.2: Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil

Units Results PARAMETRS S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 6 pH (1:2 soil water extract) 7.38 7.21 6.98 7.23 6.76 7.28 Electrical Conductivity µS/ cm 276 229 221.4 223.5 248.6 214.7 Total Soluble Salts mg/Kg 380 264 241 233 251 242 Nitrate as N mg/l 28 22.3 21.9 23.4 20.5 22.7

Phosphorous as P2O5 mg/Kg 24 22 20.2 20.9 18.3 20.3

Potash as K2O mg/Kg 202 214 191.2 185.9 122.2 189.4

Sodium as Na2O mg/Kg 296 268 261 257 231.5 268.3 Calcium as Ca mg/Kg 2180 1958 1957 1961 1431 2012 Magnesium as Mg mg/Kg 380.4 381 347 375.1 102.3 367.2 Chloride as Cl mg/Kg 64 52 43.7 46.2 55.2 48.8 Organic carbon % 1.4 1.2 1.07 1.14 1.11 1.04 Texture SL SL SL SL SL SL Sand % 16.7 17.9 18.2 19.7 14.2 17.5 Silt % 24.3 25.7 24.1 26.7 26.7 25.3 Clay % 45.1 47.4 45.1 46.2 48.2 46.5 Iron as Fe mg/Kg 19 18.5 18.9 17.7 16.8 17.9 Boron as B mg/Kg 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.11 0.12

3.7.2 Baseline Soil Status

It may be seen from the Table 3.7.2 that the soils in general have sandy-loam texture.

3.8 Flora and Fauna Studies

3.8.1 Introduction

An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to the listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystem) conditions in the study area comprising of 10 km radius around the proposed project site as its center. The methods adopted were as follows: • Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature and Government agencies (Social Forestry Division Bareilly Working Plan (2005 - 06 to 2014- 15). • Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and their uses.

3.8.2 Flora

The floral families found in the study area are given in Table 3.8.1.

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Table 3.8.1: Common Flora in the Study Area A. Tree Species in the Study Area

S. No. Local name Botanical name

1 Arjun Terminalia arjuna (W. & A.)

2 Aaowla Emblica officinalis (Gaertn)

3 Arru, Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb.)

4 Amaltas Cassia fistula (Linn.)

5 Aam Mangifera indica (Linn.)

6 Amrood Psidium guava (Linn.)

7 Bargad/Bar Ficus bengalensis (Linn.) Babool Acacia arabica Willd. Syn. A. 8 nilotica (L.) Willd

9 Bairang Hymenedictyon excelsum,Wall.

10 Bahera Teminalia balerica (Roxb.)

11 Bel Aegle marmelos (Corr.)

12 Bakain Melia azedarach (Linn.)

13 Bakaar Premna latifolia (Roxb.)

14 chitvan Alstonia soholaris (Linn.) R. Br.

15 Chilla Casearia Tomentosa (Roxb.)

16 Dhak Butea Monosperma (Lamk.) Taub.

17 Faldu Mitragyna parvifolia,Koerth.

18 Guteil Trewia nudiflora (Linn.)

19 Gular Ficus glomerata (Roxb.)

20 Gulmohar Delonix regia (Boj.) Ref.

21 Haldu Adina cordifolia (Hook. f.)

22 Imli Tamarindus indica (Linn.)

23 Jamun Syzgium cumini (Limm.) Skeels

24 Jarool Lagerstroemia flosreginae (Retz.)

25 Kanji Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre

26 Khajoor Phoenix sylvestris (Roxb.) Haplophragma adenophylum 27 Katsagoan (Wall.) Dop.

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28 Kaala seras Albizzia lebbek (Benth.)

29 Kachnar Bauhinia variegata (Linn.)

30 Khair Acacia catechu wild.

31 Kairukha Diosphros cordifolia (Roxb.)

32 Lasaura Cordia dichotona (Forst. f.)

33 Mahua Madhuca indica (Gmel.)

34 Maulashree Mimusops elengi (Linn.)

35 Neem Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.)

36 Nimboo Citrus medica (Linn.)

37 Pakar Ficus lacor Buch. Ham

38 Peepal Ficus religiosa Linn.

39 Riyonge Acacia leucophoea Willd.

40 Rohini Mallotus phillipensis

41 Sihor Streblus asper Lour.

42 Shahtut Morus alba (Linn.)

43 Siras safed Albizzia procera (Benth.)

44 Sheesham Delbergia sisso (Roxb.)

45 Semul Bombax ceiba

46 Tun Toonaciliata Roem.

47 Tar churbi Sapium sebiferum (Linn.) Roxb.

48 Vilayati babool Prosopis Juliflora (D. C.)

B. Exotic Species

S. No. Local name Botanical name 1 Ashok Polyalthia longifolia (Thw.) 2 August Sesbania grandiflora (Linn.) 3 Australian acacia Acacia auriculiformis 4 Balamkheera Kigelia pinnata 5 Cassia Cassia siamea 6 Cassia Cassia nodusa 7 Eucalyptus/Gum Eucalyptus hybrid (L Herit.)

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8 Jacaranda Jacaranda Ovalifolia 9 Jaiti Sesbania seshan(Linn).Merr. 10 Jarool Lagerstroemia speciosa (Linn) Pers. 11 Kyaya Kyaya senegalesis 12 Peltophorum Peltophorum spp. 13 Parkinsonia Parkinsonia aculeata (Linn.) 14 Putranjeeva Putranjiva roxburghii (Wall) 15 sawni Lagerstroemia indica,Linn. 16 Su-babool Leucaena leucocephala 17 Silver auk Grevillea robusta (A. Cunn.) 18 Tourisperm Tourisperm acerifalelium

C. Herbs & Shrub

S. No. Local name Botanical name

1 Ber Ziziphus oeonoplia,Mill

2 Bansa Adhatoda vasica nees

3 Bhaat Clerodendron viscosum vent.

4 Dhaula Woodfordia fruticosa (kurz)

5 Gandhela Murraya koenigii spreng.

6 Harsingaar Nyctanthes arbortristris (Linn.)

7 Heens Capparis zeylanica (Linn.)

8 Jherveri Zizyphus mauritiana (lamk)

9 Kathneem Acacia ferenciana

10 Karaunda Carissa spinarum (Linn.)

11 Kareel Capparis eiffeela

12 Madaar Calotropis gigantia

13 Panwaar Cassia tora (Linn.)

14 Sarfaunk Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) pers.

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D. Creepers

S. No. Local name Botanical name

1 Aal Mimosa hinalayana (Gamble)

2 Gaunge Milletia auriculata baker

3 Kaali Dudhdhi Ichnocarpus frutescens (Air & Ait, F.)

4 Kuchee Acacia pennaata willd.

5 Mimosa

6 Maljhan

7 Peeli bel

8 Ratti Abrus procatorius (Linn.)

9 Safed bel

E. Grasses

S. No. Local name Botanical name 1 Anjan Cenchrus ciliaris (Linn.) 2 Bhajuha Apluda eristrida 3 Choti jurgi Bothriochloa pertusa (Linn.) A. Camus 4 Doob Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. 5 Daab Desmostachya bipinnata (Stapf.) 6 Guner/Ganer Themeda quadrivalvis (Linn.) O. Ktze 7 Jurgi Dichanthium annulatum (Forsk) stapf 8 Kaans Saccharum spontaneum (Linn.) 9 Kaala luppa Heteropogan contortus (Linn.) 10 Moonj Saccarum munj (Roxb. Jeswit.) 11 Musail Iseilama laxum Hack 12 Safed lappa Aristida depressa (Retz.) 13 Vindra Setaria glauca (Linn.) P. Beauv.

3.8.3 Fauna of the Study Area

The faunal varieties of the study area are given in Table 3.8.2.

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Table 3.8.2: Common Fauna in the Study Area

A. Mammal

S. No. Local Name Zoological Name A Primates 1 Bandar Macaca mulatta 2 Langoor/Hanumaan bandar Presbytis entellus B Carnivorans

a) Felidae Family 1 Jungli billi Falis chaus

2 Guldaar Panthera pardus,(Linn)

3 Cheetah billi Felis vengalensis

4 Fishing cat Felis viverrina

b) Mustelidae Family

1 Siyah gose Felis caracal

2 Vijju Mellivora indica 3 Jal vidaal Lutrafasapicileta c) Canidae Family

1 Geedar/Siyar Canis aureus

2 Lomri Vulpes bengalensis

3 Bheria Canis lupus

4 Lakarbagga charkha Hyena hyena

d) Herpestidae Family

1 Nevla Herpestes Edwardsi C Ungulates

a) Bovidae Family

1 Chinkara Gazellae gazellae

2 Mrig/Kaala hiran Antilope cervicapra

3 Neel gai Boselaphus Tragocamelus

b) Cervidae Family

1 Cheetal Axis axis

2 Sambhar Cervus unicolor

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3 Pada/Hog bear Axis Procinus

c) Suidae Family 1 Jungli Suar Sus scrofa D Rodentia Group 1 Sahi Hystrix indica E Lagomorphs a) Pioridae Family

1 Khargosh Lapus nigricollis F Insectivorous a) Ciricidae Family

1 Chachunder Suncus murimus G Chiroptera 1 Chamgadar Scotophilus Heathi

B. Bird Family

S. No. Local Name Zoological Name A Galliformes Group

a) Phasianidae Family

1 Bhoora teetar Francolinus pondicerianus

2 Kaala teetar Francolinus francolinus

3 Rangeen teetar Francolinus pictus

4 Bater Coturnix coturnix

5 Lava bater Perdicula asiatica

6 Mor Pavo cristatus B Columbiformes Group

a) Pateraclidae Family

1 Bhat teetar Pterocles exestus

2 Pahari/Bhat teetar Pterocles indicus

b) Columbidae Family

1 Hariyal Treron phoenicopterus

2 Kabootar Columba livia

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3 Dhor Fhakta Streptopelia duccocto

4 Parkiya Streptopelia chinanis

5 Chota Fhakta streptopelia senegalensis C Anseriformes Group

a) Anatidae Family

1 Nakta Sarkidiornis melanetos

2 Mugral Anas poecilorhencha

3 Girri/cotton teel Nettaapus coromandalianis

4 Warheaded gooj/Haans Anser indicus

5 Brahmani duck/Surkhav Tadorna ferruginea

6 Fintel/seekh par Anas acuta

7 Common teel Anas cracea D Charadiformes Group 1 Chaha/Snipe Carpella gallinego E Ciconiiformes Group 1 Surakhiya bagula Bubulcus ibis

2 Karchiya Bagula Egretta garzetta

3 Bagula Ardea sinerea

4 Laglag Ciconia episcopus F Gruiformes Group 1 Saaras Grus antigone G Falconiformes Group

1 Baaz Falco species

2 Dhovia cheel Haliastur indus

3 Cheel Milvus migrans

4 Giddh Gyps bengalensis

5 Giddh Gyps fulvus pulvisens

6 Safed giddh Neophron percnopterus

7 Raaz giddh Torgas calvus H Cuculiformes Group 1 Koyal Eudynamys scolopaceus I Strigiformes Group

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1 Jungli Ullu/Jungli chukad Glancidium radiatum

2 Ullu/chota bhura chukad Strix leptogrammica J Caprimulgiformes Group 1 Chappka Caprimulgus indica K Coraciiformes Group 1 Neelkanth Coracias bengalensis

2 Meenrank Alcede atthis

3 Dhanesh Tockus birostris L Piciformes Group 1 Golden backed woodpecker Dinopium bengalensis 2 Yellow backed woodpecker Picus flavinucha M Passeriformes Group 1 Golden eriole Oriolus oriolus

2 Jungli maina acradotheres focus

3 Angarak Dicrurus adsimilis

4 Maandica Hirundo rustica

5 Deshi koa Corvus aplenders

6 Jungli koa Corvus macrorhynchos

7 Red vented bulbul Cafar intermedius

8 Satwahin Turboides striatus

9 Ashi varvler Prinia socialis

10 Magpie robin Copsychus sanlaris

11 Khanjan Motacilla caspica

12 Goraiyya Passer domesticus

13 Baya Plocous philippinus

14 Laal munia Estrilda amandwa N Psittaciformes Group 1 Tota Psittacula krameri

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D. Reptiles

S. No. Local Name Zoological Name A Calonia

1 Kachua Testudy elegance B Lacertelia

1 Goh Varanus monitor C Auffidia

1 Ajgar Python moluras

2 Dhaaman Ptyas mucosus

3 Krishnasaap/Naag Naja naja naja

4 Karait Bungarus caerulaus

5 Fursa/rasels viper Vipera russelli D Crocidilia Group

1 Magar Crocodilus palustris

2 Ghariyal Gavialis gangeticus

E. Fish

S. No. Local Name Zoological Name

1 Rohu Leviyo rohita

2 Baam Ungula vengalensis

3 Mangoor Cladeace mangoor

4 Catla Catla catla

5 Kaali machli Barbus chilinoides

6 Kalvas Levio kaalvasu

7 Kuchiya Amphiprous cuchia

8 Mahaseer Barbus tor

9 Nain Cirrhinus mrigla

10 Silounde Siliundica gejetica

11 Moh Notopterus chitala

12 Singhri Puntius tictoe

13 Tengra Meastus ore

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14 Dariyai tengar Meastus seenghla

15 Chelhva Chela atwar

16 Sor Channa maarulius

17 Singhi Heterope neustais faasiling

3.8.4 Endangered & Vulnerable Species in Study Area

The endangered species in India have been divided into four main categories- Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU) and Threatened. This classification was done by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and Wildlife Institute of India (WII), in the year 2004. In accordance with the above classification, the following endangered and vulnerable species have been identified in the study area:

Endangered Species 1. Giddh (Gyps bengalensis)

Vulnerable Species 1. Geedar/Siyar (Canis aureus) 2. Bheria (Canis lupus) 3. Lomri (Vulpes bengalensis) 4. Fishing cat (Felis viverrina) 5. Ghariyal ( Gavialis gangeticus )

6. Mrig /Kaala hiran (Antilope cervicapra)

3.9 Socio-Economic Environment

Socio-economic studies are one of the important aspects of environmental studies. The socioeconomic parameters viz. population growth, density, sex ratio, health, workforce participation, occupational structure, literacy etc, play an important role in determining the impact of the proposed activity on the human population of the study area, directly or indirectly. These impacts may be beneficial or detrimental.

3.9.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes review of published secondary data, such as the District Census Statistics of 2001, District Bareilly, and local discussions for the parameters of demography, occupational structure of people within the study area of 10 km radial distance from the proposed plant site. 167 revenue villages and parts of urban areas of Bareilly city/cantonment and Faridpur

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were identified in the study area. The village wise demographic data as per 2001 Census is presented in Annexure 3.9.1. The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic aspects are described in the following sections.

3.9.2 Demographic Status

The demographic status of the study area as per 2001 Census is reported in Table 3.9.1A and 3.9.1B.

Table 3.9.1A: Demography Data of the Population in the Study Area Particulars Data % of Total Population Total Male Female Total %Male %Female Total Population 402,383 217,502 184,881 54.06 45.94 Population Age 0-6 75,785 39,803 35,982 Years Population Age 7 Years 3,26,598 1,77,699 1,48,899 or more (Adult) No. of Households 85,359 Area (sq. km) 314 Population density/km2 1281 Female per 1000 Male 850 Scheduled Caste 47,119 25,132 21,987 11.71 6.25 5.46 Scheduled Tribes 35 14 21 0.01 0 0.01 Literate (Adult) 1,71,760 1,11,917 59,843 52.6 34.3 18.3 Genderwise 62.9 40.2 Illiterate (Adult, 1,54,838 65,782 89,056 47.41 20.14 27.27 Excluding Population Genderwise 37.02 59.81 Age 0-6 years) * % of literacy/illiteracy rate of males among total number of males. ** % of literacy/illiteracy rate of females among total number of females.

Table 3.9.1.B: Population Status at Different Distances from the Proposed Project Distance No. of Total Population from Site Households Total Male Female Up to 3 km 3838 24585 13310 11275 Up to 5 km 11641 76579 41117 35462 Up to 7 km 22109 143812 77216 66596 Up to 10 km 85359 402383 217502 184881

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A. Population

From the demographic Table 3.9.1 it can be seen that the total population in the study area is 4,02,383, out of which 54.06% are male and 45.94% female. The population density is 1,281 people per sq. km. B. Average Household Size

The total number of households in the Study Area is 85,359. Thus the average household size is 4.71 people. C. Sex Ratio

The total number of male population of the study area is 2,17,502 compared to female population of 1,84,881 which is lower than male. The gender ratio is found to be 850 females per 1000 males. D. Social Set-up

The Scheduled Caste population in the study area is 11.71% and Scheduled Tribe population is 0.01% of the total population in the study area. E. Literacy The literacy rate in the total adult population of the study area is 52.6% of which 34.3% is male and 18.3% is female literacy rate. Gender wise assessment indicates the male and female literacy rates to be 62.9% and 40.2% respectively. F. Illiteracy The illiteracy rate in the total adult population of the study area is 47.41% of which 20.14% is male and 27.27% is female illiteracy rate. Gender wise assessment indicates the male and female illiteracy rates to be 37.02% and 59.81% respectively. G. Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 4 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and others including those engaged in household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and all other services. The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non- workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants, institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories. The occupational structure of the study area is given in Table 3.9.2. As per 2001 census records altogether the occupational structure of the area shows that among the total population of 4,02,383, the total number of workers are 1,12,593

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(27.98%) of which 1,04,175 (25.89%) are male and 8,418 (2.09%) are female workers. The main workers and marginal workers work out to be 24.71% and 3.27% of the total population. The non-workers constitute to 72.01% of the total population respectively. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non- workers are the predominant population.

Table 3.9.2: Occupational Structure of the Study Area Particulars Data % of Total Population Total Male Female Total %Male %Female Total Workers 112593 104175 8418 27.98 25.89 2.09 Total Main Workers 99439 94247 5192 24.71 23.42 1.29 Cultivators 25676 25115 561 6.38 6.24 0.14 Agriculture Labour 12943 12686 257 3.21 3.15 0.06 Household Industry 4977 4146 831 1.24 1.03 0.21 Other Labours 55843 52300 3543 13.88 13.00 0.88 Marginal Workers 13154 9928 3226 3.27 2.47 0.80 Cultivators 1063 577 486 0.26 0.14 0.12 Agriculture Labour 4011 3630 381 0.99 0.90 0.09 Household Industry 1612 687 925 0.40 0.17 0.23 Other Labours 6468 5034 1434 1.61 1.25 0.36 Non Workers 289790 113327 176463 72.01 28.16 43.85

3.9.3 Amenities of the Study Area: Infrastructural Facilities

As per the 2001 census, the infrastructure facilities available in villages of the study area are presented in Table 3.9.3.

Table 3.9.3: Infrastructure Facilities (Number of Inhabited Village are 167) S. No. Facilities Number/% of Villages Number % A. Education Facilities 131 78.44 B. Medical Facilities 39 23.35 C. Drinking Facilities 166 99.4 D. Transportation Facilities (Bus- 7 4.19 E. Power Supply 117 70.06 F. Approach to Village Paved 132 79.04 G. Post & Telegraph 93 55.69 H. Bank (10) & Credit Societies 20 11.98 I. Recreational Facilities 0 0 J. Newspaper Facilities 58 34.73 K. Most Important Commodities Jaggery,clothes, bricks, Manufactured furniture,menthol, & pesticides

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A. Educational Facilities

The educational amenities are highlighted in Table 3.9.4. It may be seen in Table 3.9.4 that educational facilities in the study area are not very good as regard to higher education. About 71.3% villages have primary school, 20.4% middle schools, 2.9% secondary school, 1.8% senior secondary school and 0.6% adult illiteracy centers. In 36 (21.6%) villages no educational facility is available. Some villagers have to travel long distance to avail the educational facility.

Table 3.9.4: Educational Amenities in the Study Area (Number of Inhabited Village are 167) S. No. Educational Amenities Number/Percentage of Villages Facility Facility Facility Available Available N/A to a Distance No. % No. % <5 5-10 >10 km km km Educational 131 78.4 36 21.6 1 Primary 119 71.3 48 28.7 33 3 12 2 Middle School 34 20.4 133 79.6 108 21 4 3 Secondary School 5 2.9 162 97.1 4 Senior Secondary School 3 1.8 164 98.2 5 College 1 0.6 166 99.4 28 57 81 6 Industrial School 0 0 167 100 7 Training School 0 0 167 100 8 Adult Literacy Centre 1 0.6 166 99.4 9 Other Educational 2 1.2 165 98.8 Institute B. Medical Facilities

The breakup of medical facilities available in buffer zone villages are shown in Table 3.9.5. It may be seen from the table that health care centers in the area are very few. Most of the villagers have to travel a long distance to avail facility of Allopathic Hospitals, Child Welfare Centre and Primary Health Centers.

Table 3.9.5: Medical Amenities in the Study Area (Number of Inhabited Village are 167) S. Medical Amenities Number/Percentage of Villages No. Facility Facility N/A Facility Available Available to a Distance No. % No. % <5 5-10 >10 km km km Medical Amenities 39 23.35 128 76.65 1 Number of Allopathic Hospital 6 3.59 161 96.41 49 60 52 2 Number of Ayurvedic Hospital 2 1.20 165 98.80

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3 Number of Unani Hospital 1 0.60 166 99.40 4 Number of Homeopathic Hospital 1 0.60 166 99.40 5 Number of Allopathic Dispensary 4 2.40 163 97.60 6 Number of Ayurvedic Dispensary 1 0.60 166 99.40 7 Number of Unani Dispensary 0 0.00 167 100.00 8 Number of Homeopathic Dispensary 1 0.60 166 99.40 9 No of Maternity and Child Welfare 23 13.77 144 86.23 93 35 14 Centre 10 Number of Maternity Home 8 4.79 159 95.21 11 Number of Child Welfare Centre 12 7.19 155 92.81 12 Number of Health Centre 9 5.39 158 94.61 13 Number of Primary Health Centre 6 3.59 161 96.41 65 72 25 14 Number of Primary Health Sub Centre 3 1.80 164 98.20 15 Number of Family Welfare Centre 5 2.99 162 97.01 16 Number of T. B. Clinic 0 0.00 167 100.00 17 Number of Nursing Home 0 0.00 167 100.00 18 No of Registered Pvt. Med. Practitioners 5 2.99 162 97.01 19 No of Subsidized Medical Practitioners 1 0.60 166 99.40 20 Number of Community Health Workers 21 12.57 146 87.43 21 Number of Other Medical Facilities 0 0.00 167 100.00 C. Drinking Water Supply

The breakup of drinking water facilities available in buffer zone villages are shown in Table 3.9.6. It may be seen that the drinking water facility is available in all villages. The tap water facility is available in 50.3% of villages of the study area. The percentage of villages availing well’s water facility is 28.14%, tank water facility (1.8%), tube well facility (1.2%) and hand pumps facility (97.6%). River, canal and lake water is used by nil, 1.2% and nil respectively of the villages of buffer zone.

Table 3.9.6: Drinking Water Amenities in the Study Area (Number of Inhabited Village are 167) S. Drinking Water Amenities Number/Percentage of Villages No. Facility Facility N/A Available Number % Number % Drinking Water Facility (A/NA) 166 99.40 1 0.60 1 Tap Water (T) 84 50.30 83 49.70 2 Well Water (W) 47 28.14 120 71.86 3 Tank Water (TK) 3 1.80 164 98.20 4 Tubewell Water (TW) 2 1.20 165 98.80 5 Handpump (HP) 163 97.60 4 2.40 6 River Water 0 0.00 167 100.00 7 Canal (C) 2 1.20 165 98.80 8 Lake (L) 0 0.00 167 100.00 9 Spring (S) 0 0.00 167 100.00 10 Other Drinking Water Sources 0 0.00 167 100.00 (O)

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11 Source of Drinking Water 128 76.65 during Summer HP 73 43.71 T 55 32.93

D. Communication Amenities

In the study area, 3.59% of villages have communication facilities. Bus and railways services are available to 2.99% and 1.20% of the villages respectively. Some of the villagers have to travel long distances to avail bus and railways services (Table 3.9.7).

Table 3.9.7: Communication Amenities in the Study Area (Number of Inhabited Village are 167) S. Communication Number/Percentage of Villages No. Facilities Facility Facility N/A Facility Available to Available a Distance Number % Number % <5 5-10 >10 km km km Communication (Y/N) 6 3.59 161 96.41 1 Bus Services 5 2.99 162 97.01 39 58 65 2 Railways Services 2 1.20 165 98.80 41 59 65 3 Navigable Water Way 0 0.00 167 100.00 0 3 164 including River, Canal etc. E. Power Supply

The breakup of Electrification facilities available in study area villages are shown in Table 3.9.8.

Table 3.9.8: Power Supply Facilities in the Study Area (Number of Inhabited Village are 167) S. Power Supply for No of Villages No. Facility Available Facility N/A Number % Number % Power Supply 117 70.06 50 29.94 1 Electricity for Domestic use 110 65.87 57 34.13 2 Electricity of Agricultural use 63 37.72 104 62.28 3 Electricity of Other Purposes 18 10.78 149 89.22 4 Electricity for all Purposes 18 10.78 149 89.22 It may be seen from Table 3.9.8 that in the study area 70.06% villages are electrified 65.87% villages are availing electricity for domestic use, 37.72% have electricity for agricultural use and 10.78% have electric supply for all purposes.

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F. Approach to Villages Table 3.9.9: Approach to Village Facilities in the Study Area (Number of Inhabited Village are 167) S. Approach to Villages No of Villages No. Facility Available Facility not Available Number % Number % Approach to Village (Y/N) 1 Approach - Paved Road 132 79.04 35 20.96 2 Approach - Mud Road 38 22.75 129 77.25 3 Approach - Foot Path 9 5.39 158 94.61 4 Approach - Navigable River 0 0.00 167 100.00 5 Approach - Navigable Canal 0 0.00 167 100.00 6 Approach - Navigable water- 0 0.00 167 100.00 way other than River or Canal It may be seen from Table 3.9.9 that in the study area 79.04% villages have paved roads, 22.75% mud roads and 5.39% villages are approachable through foot path. G. Postal Facilities:

Table 3.9.10: Post & Telegraph Amenities in the Study Area (Number of Inhabited Village are 167) S. No. Approach to Villages No of Villages Facility Facility not Available Available Number % Number %

1 Number with Post Office 18 10.78 149 89.22 2 Number with Telegraph Office 0 0.00 167 100.00 3 Number with Post and Telegraph Office 0 0.00 167 100.00 4 Number with Telephone Connections 74 44.31 93 55.69 5 Post, Telegraph and Telephone Facilities 93 55.69 74 44.31 In the study area 10.78% of villages have post offices and 44.31% avail telephone facilities. H. Banking Facilities

In the study area the banking facility is available in 10 villages. 10 villages have credit societies. For agricultural, non agricultural and other credit societies all villagers have to travel long distances to avail these facilities. I. Recreational Facilities

In the study area the recreational and cultural facilities (cinema/video hall) are not available in any of the village. All villagers have to travel long distances to avail these facilities.

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J. News Paper

In the study area 58 villages are getting news paper. K. Most Important Commodities Manufactured

The most important commodity manufactured in the study area is Jaggery, clothes, bricks, furniture, menthol, & pesticides. L. Industrial Development

The list of industries in the 10 km radius study area is given in Annexure 3.9.1. i. Cropping Pattern of the Study Area

The block-wise cropping pattern of the study area is as follows:

Table 3.9.11: Land Under Cultivation (Year: 2009-10) Area in Hectare Area Sown Net more Net Total Sown than Irrigated Irrigated Area Once Total Cropped Area Area Area Block Rabi Kharif Jayed Total Faridpur 26692 17677 25870 16625 1350 44369 20426 37838 Bhutah 27130 17139 20265 22486 1090 44269 26323 40430 Kiyara 10676 6673 10132 6074 1012 17349 10049 15451 Bidhri Chainpur 20952 7764 15766 11639 1097 28716 20686 24419 Source: Zila Sankhyakiya Patrika 2011, District Bareilly

Table 3.9.12: Crop Pattern: Area Under Cultivation (Hectare) (Year: 2009-10)

Crop Rice Wheat Jau Jwar Bajra Makka Block Kharif Jayed Total Total Total Total Total Kharif Rabi Jayed Total Faridpur 7080 3 7083 16946 2 6 2334 0 0 3 3 Bhutah 12746 69 12815 19611 8 5 530 0 0 0 0 Kiyara 3760 0 3760 8373 2 10 292 0 0 3 3 Bidhri Chainpur 7552 15 7567 11566 2 6 70 0 0 0 0

Crop Urad Moong Masoor Chana Matar Arhar Block Kharif Jayed Total Kharif Jayed Total Total Total Total Total Faridpur 227 0 227 0 0 0 522 0 14 17 Bhutah 88 0 88 0 0 0 539 0 16 12 Kiyara 72 0 72 0 0 0 504 0 5 2 Bidhri Chainpur 29 0 29 0 0 0 220 0 20 1

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Sarson/ Crop Lahi Alsi Til Peanut Sunflower Soyabean Block Total Total Total Total Total Total Faridpur 385 0 1775 88 0 0 Bhutah 748 0 1988 117 0 0 Kiyara 284 0 204 0 0 0 Bidhri Chainpur 1287 0 29 6 0 0

Crop Sugarcane Vegetables Animal Fodder Block Total Total Rabi Kharif Jayed Faridpur 3199 2056 270 445 200 Bhutah 4660 1133 191 870 373 Kiyara 275 731 152 295 4 Bidhri Chainpur 1268 1077 183 334 184 Source: Zila Sankhyakiya Patrika 2011, District Bareilly

Table 3.9.13: Crop Production (Q per Hectare) (Year: 2009-10) Distt. Bareilly Rice Kharif 17.79 Jayed 17.19 Total 17.79 Wheat Total 27.9 Jau Total 22.82 Jwar Total 10.42 Bajra Total 13.95 Makka Kharif 18.7 Rabi 0 Jayed 14.46 Total 16.64 Urad Kharif 8.19 Jayed 6.04 Total 8.19 Moong Kharif 0 Jayed 0 Total 0 Masoor Total 8.77 Chana Total 8.31 Matar Total 13.02 Arhar Total 6.82 Sarson/ Lahi Total 8.65

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Alsi Total 0 Til Total 1 Peanut Total 8.88 Sunflower Total 22.66 Soyabean Total 10.56 Sugarcane Total 597.16 Potatoes Total 266.39

Source: Zila Sankhyakiya Patrika 2011, District Bareilly

3.9.4 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area Land use pattern of the study reveals various manners in which different parts of the land in an area are being utilized or non-utilized. The present land-use mapping has been done using data acquisitioned from Earth Explorer USGS, having ETM and PAN Sensor. It has been further refined with the help of Goggle Earth data of High Resolution Satellite Images (HRSI) of 1 meter resolution. The land-cover is as depicted in Figure 3.91.

Figure 3.9.1: Land-Use Map of Study Area

The following observations are made for the present land-use pattern: 1. Total land of the study area is 31405.4 hectare. 2. Agricultural land is the largest land-use category in this area, i.e. 79.14% and 24,854.1 hectare.

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3. Area covered by plantation is 479.4 hectare (1.53%). 4. Area under settlement is 3783.3 hectare (12.05%). 5. Fallow land covers an area 995.2 hectare (3.17%). 6. Waste land makes up 1006.1 hectare and 3.20% of total land of the study area. 7. Water bodies occupy 280.8 hectare (0.89%).

3.9.5 Observations Occupations, culture and living standard of people residing in the area give an idea about economic conditions. For this purpose, discussions were held with the local people to gather information on the socio-economic structure of the people residing in this area; the outcome is summarized below: A. Natural Ecosystem

The area on the whole is not endowed with natural ecosystems like forests, wildlife and bird sanctuaries, mostly domestic and agricultural activities are prevalent in the area. B. Occupation

The economy depends mainly on the small scale industries, trade, and commerce. The main items for trade are paddy, pulses, jaggery, clothes, bricks, furniture, menthol, & pesticides. The main occupations of the villagers are farming, followed by agricultural labors, industrial workers and employment in government and semi- government services. C. Sanitation

Sanitation condition is poor in the study area. D. Electrification and Drinking Water Availability

Electricity is not available in all villages. They are using kerosene oil or mustard oil for light. Pipe water supply system is observed in more villages than not. During summers villagers rely on handpump and tubewell water. E. Household Articles

A change was observed in traditional life sustaining system in electrified villages. Several households were having T.V, radio and transistors. Even some rich farmers have fridge, telephones etc. F. Source of Income:

The sources of income are farming, laborer, service, business, etc.

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G. Fuel

Mostly fire wood, cow dung, coal and kerosene are used as means of cooking. Some rich farmers are using LPG as well. H. Transport

Cycles and bullock carts is major modes of transport. Motor cycles and tractors are not frequently used in the villages. I. Illiteracy

In the study area 47.41% of the total population (7 years and above) is illiterate. The gender wise illiteracy among men and women is as high as 37.02% and 59.81% respectively of the total gender population of age 7 years and above. The illiterate people are usually engaged as house maids in cottage industries, security guards, vegetables/fruits sellers, venders, construction and agricultural labourers etc. J. Diseases

Although, no endemic disease is prevailing in the area, but a sizeable people suffers from common and acute diseases like seasonal fever, respiratory problems, cholera, jaundice, malaria, diarrhea, influenza, arthritis etc. Medical facilities are available in some villages. People have to travel a long distances to avail medical facilities. Moreover, many of them do not have adequate transport facility to shift the patient to a good hospital immediately in case of emergency. K. Project Awareness and Opinion

Majority of the respondents are not aware of the proposed project. With respect to the opinion, nearly 95% of the respondents offer positive opinion and the rest have neutral one. During discussions most of the people were happy to know that the proposed plant shall generate additional employment opportunities, both directly and indirectly. None of them have showed negative attitude.

3.9.6 Change in Demographic Pattern of Bareilly District

Although Census report of 2011 has not yet been available but the district wise demographic data are available on internet. The change in demographic pattern from 2001 to 2011 of the Bareilly District has been compiled and incorporated in Table 3.9.14.

Table 3.9.14: Change in Demographic Pattern of Bareilly District Description Data of Data of Data of Bareilly Bareilly Study District in District in area in 2011 2001 2011 Actual Population 4,465,344 3,618,589 402,383

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Male 2,371,454 1,934,119 39,803 Female 2,093,890 1,684,470 35,982 Population Growth 23.40% 27.66% Area Sq. Km. 4,120 4,120 314 Density/km2 1,084 878 1281 Proportion to U.P. 2.24% 2.18% 0.20% Population Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 883 871 850 Child Sex Ratio (0-6 906 906 Age) Literate 2,297,158 1,387,124 171,760 Literacy Rate (%) 60.52% 47.84% 42.69% Male Literate 1,402,668 914,216 1,11,917 Female Literate 894,490 472,908 59,843 Gender-wise Male 69.47% 58.73% 62.90% Literacy Gender-wise Female 50.35% 35.22% 40.20% Literacy Children under Age 0-6 669,681 719,217 75,785 M 352,479 377,360 39,803 F 317,202 341,857 35,982

3.9.7 Conclusion

It may be concluded that the traditional agriculture methods are the main occupation and hence it is the major source of income for the people in the area. The sanitation and education facilities are poor. The area needs setting up more industries where poor could get employment to improve their economic conditions, sanitation, literacy etc.

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CHAPTER FOUR IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

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Chapter 4

IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

The construction and operation phase of the proposed project comprises various activities each of which may have an impact on environmental parameters. Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the environment have been studied to estimate the impact on the environmental attributes and are discussed in the subsequent sections. The probable impacts of each of these activities on various sectors of environment have been mentioned in two stages- Construction Phase and Operation Phase.

4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase

The impact during construction shall be localized and short term as, 1. The mill expansion project (MEP) is being implemented within the existing premises with only a limited amount of civil construction work. 2. The existing paper machine and the pulp mill are being revamped to higher capacities. Impact shall be primarily related to the civil works and less intensive impact is expected during erection of the equipment and trial operation. The existing land use, local geology and land cover shall remain unchanged. The top- soil shall be preserved and reused. The construction debris shall be collected and suitably used on-site as per construction waste management plan. Vegetation cover would also be replaced by planting and surfing wherever feasible. Dust shall be the main pollutant affecting the ambient air quality of the area during the construction phase. It shall be generated during excavation, back filling, hauling and vehicular movement of trucks. Special care, as mentioned below shall be taken to control dust emission from vehicular movement, stockpiles and other construction activities: • In order to minimize the atmospheric generation of dust and gaseous emissions through vehicular traffic and exhaust emissions, only properly maintained certified vehicles shall be deployed at site. • The building material shall be adequately covered while transporting through trucks. • Suitable surface treatment to roads shall be provided to ease the traffic flow. • Sprinkling of water on roads shall be regularized to reduce uncontrolled dust generation. Epsilon Projects Pvt. Ltd. 94 Rapid EIA: 150 MTPD Paper Mill

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• Aggregates and sand shall be stockpiled at suitable places (after stabilizing the surface), near the boundary wall so that the wall acts as windshield. • In case the height of stockpiles exceeds that of the boundary wall then additional windshields of adequate height (preferably with tin sheets) shall be provided. • To prevent dust nuisance from the stockpiles it shall be covered with plastic sheet, wherever required. • Fugitive dust emission during dry weather conditions, arising out of the excavation, leveling, transportation and stockpiling activities shall be controlled by water sprinkling. • Cement shall be stocked inside covered sheds. With these provisions, only short term, localized impacts are anticipated due to dust emissions during the construction stage. Due to the very limited civil construction activity in the MEP, the impact on noise levels shall not be significant. High noise generation equipments viz. concrete mixer, generators, loader, ditcher, etc., shall not be operated during the night and adequate personal protective equipment like ear plugs and ear muffs shall be provided to the person to reduce the effect of noise. The CPCB guidelines (listed below) shall be followed in this regard, as required. Guidelines of CPCB

• Acoustic barriers should be placed near construction sites. • The maximum noise levels near the construction site should be limited to 75 dB (A) Leq (5 min.). • Materials need not be stockpiled and unused equipment to be placed between noisy operating equipments and other areas. • Constructing temporary earth bund around the site using soil etc, which normally is hauled away from the construction site. Thus, only localized and reversible insignificant impact is expected due to noise emissions generated during the construction stage. The water requirement during the construction phase of the proposed plant would be small as construction shall be more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection. Thus, the overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed MEP shall be insignificant.

4.3 Impacts during Operation Phase

The impact during the operation phase shall be continuous in nature. For the mill expansion project proposed, the potential for imparting adverse impacts is not

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expected to be significant. However whatever impact on environment is present due to operation phase related activities shall be minimized through incorporation of efficient technologies for pollution control. In this section the expected impact on different environmental parameters due to operation activities are critically examined and appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated. The following activities related to the operational phase will have varying impacts on the environment and are considered for impact assessment: • Land use • Topography and climate • Air quality • Water resources and water quality • Soil quality • Solid waste • Noise levels • Terrestrial ecology • Aquatic ecology • Demography and socio-economics • Sensitive targets • Infrastructural facilities

4.3.1 Impact on Land Use

The proposed project involving MEP is within the Rama Shyma Paper’ plant premises and the land use is already categorized under industrial zone. Hence, there will not be any change in the land use pattern in the study area due to the proposed MEP.

4.3.2 Impact on Soil Quality

Most of the impacts of the MEP on soils are restricted to the construction phase, which will get stabilized during operational phase. The treated wastewater in the existing Effluent Treatment Plant of 1800 KLD is being utilized for landscaping in the project premises along with other low-end uses. No adverse impact on soil quality had been observed even after continuous discharge of treated wastewater on land as also borne out by the soil quality monitoring. Considering that the quality of the treated mill wastewater after implementation of the proposed MEP would be much improved, no adverse impact of the MEP on soil quality is expected. Over and above it, landscaping will only enhance soil quality. Since agro-waste (rice husk) is to be used as fuel, ash does not contain any hazardous/toxic materials. Ash from ESP shall be disposed off in landfill, the site for

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which is designated. The area for the same is 4326 sq m. Hence, no adverse impact is anticipated due to its disposal.

4.3.3 Impact on Topography and Climate

There will not be much cutting and felling required for the proposed project. The additional structures such as extension of industrial shed etc. will be constructed in the existing plant area. No new stack shall be constructed as the existing stacks will be used for the new boiler of the MEP. Thus there will not be any changes in topography or visual impact. The exit temperatures from the stacks will be maintained in the range of 130-1500C by the proposed new high efficiency boiler, which will not have any significant impact on the climate.

4.3.4 Impact on Air Quality

The manufacturing process of paper requires large amount of process heat, which is made available in the form of steam. While the additional requirement of electric power for the MEP shall be met through purchase from the state UPPCL grid, for meeting the additional requirement of steam, a new FBC, paddy husk fired, 40 TPH boiler is proposed, the existing two boilers, relatively of lower efficiency, shall be kept as standby. The boiler flue gas contains particulate matter, which is the main source of air pollution from the plant. To clean the flue gases of the suspended particulate matter, a high efficiency electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is proposed as APCS having around 99.9% efficiency with a guaranteed particulate matter emission within 50 mg/Nm3. The existing boiler stack of 2.5 M Dia. and 35 M height above the ground level shall be used to minimize the air pollution due to discharge of the flue gases. The recovered fly ash is used as land fill. In the chemical recovery plant gaseous emissions, mainly comprising of H2O and CO2, are discharged from the ventury scrubber-cyclone separator system. The impact on ambient air quality is assessed hereunder considering the following: • The air quality impacts have been predicted through modeling for the proposed project assuming that the pollution due to the existing activities has already been covered under baseline environmental monitoring and continue to remain same till the operation of the project. • Site-specific meteorological parameters recorded for winter season viz. wind speed, direction and temperature are used for estimating the short term GLC's. • Fugitive dust emissions generation will be negligible as compared to the stack emissions. Yet, in order to reduce the fugitive emissions, adequate control measures will be taken in the design and operation of the plant. In addition, the

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existing and proposed afforestation will help in further minimizing the fugitive dust emission from the operation of the mill. • The ambient air quality modeling has indicated an increase in the GLC of maximum 4.8 µg/Nm3 within the study area. When this addition is superimposed on the present ambient air quality the final ambient air quality parameters still remain well within the norms. Modelling results are detailed in Annexure 4.1. Thus, the effect of the particulate matter emissions from the MEP shall not have any significant impact on the ambient air quality in the area. All the air quality parameters shall remain well within the norms.

4.3.5 Impact on Water Resources

The net additional fresh water requirement for the MEP is estimated to be only 981 m3/day which shall be met by ground water abstraction from the existing two bore- wells. The application for the ‘NOC’ for the additional ground water extraction for MEP has already been submitted to the CGWB and the same is in process (Annexure 2.8). The plant is located in the Faridpur development block in District Bareilly. The block falls in the ‘safe’ zone as per CGWB report and the water table has been satisfactory over the years (Section 3.6.1). The plant management has adopted a multi prong approach to reduction in fresh water utilization. On the one hand, extensive recycling of back water has been provided in the process, which has brought the current level of fresh water consumption to 15.2 m3/T paper and shall further reduce it to 13.6 m3/T paper after MEP. On the other hand, harvesting of rain-water, as detailed in Section 9.2.3 is planned, which augment the ground water table. Thus no significant negative impact is envisaged on the water resources of the area.

4.3.6 Impact on Water Quality

The major polluting effluent, black liquor, generated in the agro residue’ pulping, is being disposed in the Chemical Recovery Plant of 120 TPD BL solids processing capacity. The Chemical Recovery Plant comprises of Multi-effect 7-body evaporator section with 2 cooling towers, tanks, pumps and pipe work, and Fluidized Bed Reactor of 120 TPD BL Solid burning capacity with all accessories and auxiliaries to treat the black liquor, having about 6-7% solids generated in the pulping process. The black liquor is concentrated firstly in the evaporator and subsequently in the ventury scrubber - cyclone separator system and then incinerated in the Fluidized Bed Reactor. The Caustic Soda in the black liquor is converted into Soda Ash, which is recovered in granule form and sold off. Thus, with the installation of the CRP, the concentrated

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black liquor disposed in the CRP to produce soda ash and thus, is prevented from entering the effluent to be treated in the ETP. In the proposed mill expansion, two stage brown stock washing system is included for efficient separation and concentration of black liquor from the pulp and its processing in the CRP to recover soda ash, thereby minimizing black liquor ingress in the effluent and increased efficiency of the treatment of effluent. The remaining effluents, after extensive recycling in the process will be treated in the existing Effluent Treatment Plant to conform to the regulatory standards for discharge into inland surface waters. The effluent treatment plant shall be thoroughly augmented in the MEP for assured adequacy for treatment of the wastewaters generated in the process. A part of the fully treated effluent shall also be utilized in the process. Details of the existing water balance and wastewater streams along with the details of the Effluent Treatment Plant have been described in Chapter 2. Post-MEP, the net wastewater generation in the mill is estimated to be about 1,000 m3/day. A part of the treated effluent shall be utilized within the plant for plantation and other non-process, non-critical purposes and the remaining effluent shall flow to the Ram Ganga river after traversing a distance of about 25 kms. A substantial part of this distance is traversed by the treated effluent in a concrete pipeline and not allowed to flow on the ground, thus preventing any contamination or pollution. Thus the no adverse effect is foreseen on either the soil or surface or ground water quality in the area.

4.3.7 Impact of Effluents on Soil Characteristics

All the areas having potential for black liquor spillage have concrete flooring minimizing the chances for contamination of the soil or ground water due to leaching. The present soil analysis data reveals that all the important parameters like electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio etc continue to remain within the tolerable limits. As mentioned earlier, after the implementation of MEP, the treated wastewater quality will substantially improve. Thus no harmful effect of wastewater is anticipated on the ground water or on soil.

4.3.8 Impact of Solid Wastes on Soil Characteristics

The details of the solid wastes from the proposed MEP have been described in chapter 2. The solid waste from the proposed new paddy husk/ bagasse fired boiler is mainly fly ash, which will continue to be disposed as land fill. The ETP sludge will also continue to be sold off to the board mills as per the current practice. Any additional ETP sludge available will be used after dewatering as manure in landscaping.

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Most of the impacts of the proposed mill expansion project on soils are restricted to the construction phase, which shall get stabilized during operation phase. The impact on the topsoil shall be confined to the main plant area only. Further, the greenbelt proposed shall have a very positive impact on soil quality. The probable sources of degradation of soil quality shall be mainly due to generation & disposal of ash. The fly ash is disposed for land fill as mentioned earlier. The fly ash generated mainly out of the use of agro waste’ fuel, is devoid of toxic elements, thus having minimal impact on the soil quality. The airborne fugitive dust from the plant is likely to be deposited on the topsoil in the immediate vicinity of the plant boundary. However, the fugitive emissions are only minimal and are likely to be controlled to a great extent through proposed control measures like dust suppression system, water sprinkling and development of greenbelt. Hence, no major impact of the solid wastes is envisaged on soil quality of the plant site.

4.3.9 Impact on Noise Levels

Any industry in general contains several sources of noise in clusters or single. This clusters/single source may be housed in the enclosures of different dimensions made of different materials or installed in open or under sheds. The different materials imply different attenuation coefficients. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards, the allowable noise level for the workers is 90 dB (A) for 8 hours’ exposure a day. The operators, workers and other personnel working in high noise areas within the plant shall be provided with personal protective measures (PPEs) in the form of ear muffs/ear plugs. In addition, reduction in noise levels in the high noise machinery areas could be achieved by adoption of suitable preventive measures such as suitable enclosures as sound barriers made of appropriate noise absorption material. Further, in addition to the in-plant noise control measures, all the open areas within the plant premises and all along the plant boundary are to be provided with adequate greenbelt to diffuse the noise levels. Thus the impact of the MEP on the noise levels will only be minimal.

4.3.10 Impact on Ecology

The impact on terrestrial ecology is mainly due to emission of SO2. This pollutant at a very low dose acts as atmospheric fertilizer for the vegetation. However, at higher doses, it is injurious to both vegetation as well as animals. In the existing plant as well as the proposed project, appropriate APCS and adequate stack heights have been provided for proper dispersion and control of emissions. Also the agro wastes, viz. paddy husk/ bagasse utilized as fuel in the boiler, have

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insignificant sulphur content. Therefore, there will be little impact of the stack emissions on the surrounding ecosystem. There are no reserved forests or wildlife sanctuaries in the study area around the proposed site. Also, there exist no notified rare species of flora in the study area. The local species of trees and shrubs existing in the study area shall not be affected by the plant’s activities due to the control of the emissions, as mentioned above. Therefore, the floral environment would not be affected due to proposed plant’s activities. On the other hand, floral environment shall be enhanced by the green belt. Similarly, no wild animals like lion, tiger, elephant or endemic species were reported and in the study area. No faunal species of significance have been observed at the proposed site. The domestic animals of the study area shall not suffer any adverse impact of the proposed plant activities due to the control of the emissions, as mentioned above. As such no impact is envisaged on the faunal environment of the study area due to plant’s activities. Extensive plantation comprising pollutant resistant species is being carried out in and around the project site, which will serve as not only a pollution sink but also as a noise barrier. It is expected that with the adoption of these mitigatory measures, the impact due to operation of the expanded plant will be minimal on the terrestrial ecosystem.

4.3.11 Impact on Aquatic Ecology

As mentioned earlier, with the commissioning of the CRP, the mill has attained zero black liquor discharge status by converting black liquor, the main pollutant of the pulping process into Soda-ash. The treated wastewater, conforming to the norms of Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board for inland surface waters, will be partly utilized for irrigation in the green belt. The remaining quantity of the effluent shall be disposed into the river, after traversing a distance of about 25 km, will have little impact on the aquatic ecology.

4.3.12 Demography and Socio-Economics

The positive impacts of the MEP of the plant would begin to be felt with the start-up of the operational activities. The increased utilization of the agro wastes produced in the rural economy, for production of paper, shall result in higher rural incomes and prosperity in the study area. Further, there will be better economic opportunities available in the area due to the increased employment opportunities for the rural youth of the area. The socio-economic impacts of the proposed MEP will be manifested in the following manner: • Increase in employment opportunities leading to reduction in out-migration of locals for employment.

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• Generation of employment in the secondary sectors, which shall include the non-working population of the area. • Improvement in prices of indigenous produce and services benefiting local people. • Improvement in transport, communication and health services. • Businesses outside the project boundary. • Improvement in the basic infrastructure. • Increase in the land prices in the area adjacent to the roads and near the plant due to better accessibility and approach. • Higher duties and taxes shall benefit the state exchequer.

4.3.13 Impact on Sensitive Targets

The sensitive targets include the following: 1. Religious and historical places 2. Archaeological monuments 3. Scenic areas 4. Hill resorts 5. Beach resorts 6. Health resorts 7. Estuaries 8. Biosphere reserves 9. National Parks and sanctuaries 10. Natural lakes, swamps 11. Seismic zone 12. Tribal settlements 13. Areas of scientific and geological interests 14. Defense installations 15. Border areas (international) and 16. Air Ports There exist no such targets as mentioned above in the study area around the proposed project site, and as such there shall be no impact on any of the above target due to proposed plant activities.

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4.2.14 Impact on Human Settlement

The impact of the MEP on human settlements will be varied but not significant. There will be no rehabilitation and resettlement. In addition to the first order employment creation and income generation, there is also second order job and income implications for the host community, termed as multiplier and linkage effects.

4.3.15 Impact on Civic Amenities

The impact of economic development on civic amenities will be substantial. The area already has a fair network of roads, communication and provision of amenities like water supply in the village areas. Although the level of existing communications and support services in the area are adequate, proposed project would strengthen these services. The overall impact is considered to be positive.

4.3.16 Impact on Health

Impact on health, if any, is primarily due to air pollution i.e. emissions of PM, SO2 and noise generation. Adequate air pollution and noise pollution control measures have been provided to conform to regulatory standards. Employees working in high noise work place would be provided with personal protective devices like ear plugs/ear muffs to ensure that there will not be any adverse impact on human health. The plant management has a Health and Accident Insurance Policy for its employees with Star Health and Allied Insurance Company Ltd. (Annexure 7.4). A comprehensive employee health program is planned in accordance with the OSHAs standards (Chapter 7). It shall comprise of periodic monitoring of employee health, maintenance of employee health records, analysis of database, and suitable response plan. The management shall also engage a qualified medical practitioner to form a part of the mill Environment Managament Group (EMG). The environmental management and emergency preparedness plans are proposed to ensure that the probability of undesired events and consequences are greatly reduced and adequate mitigation is provided in case of an emergency.

4.4 Overall Impact Statement

The plant site is basically a land devoid of heavy population. No reserve forest or important historic place is situated at the proposed site or in the vicinity. There exist no notified rare species of flora or fauna in the study area which would be affected due to the plant operation activities. Ground water drawn from the existing bore wells located in the “Safe’ zone shall be used in the process. No new bore well will be constructed for the MEP.

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Carbon-neutral agro waste fuel fired boiler with high efficiency ESP as APCS has been provided to limit the quantity and quality of the PM, SO2 & NOx emissions. Adequate control measures shall be adopted for limiting noise within the permissible limits. The effluents generated in the process shall be adequately treated and disposed – black liquor in the CRP and other effluents, treated in the ETP as per the current regulatory norms of the UPPCB – and partly reused resulting in insignificant impact on the surrounding area. Solid Wastes shall be disposed in environment-friendly manner. It is evident from above that the various mitigation measures proposed to be adopted during the construction and operation phase shall limit the scale of environmental impacts to insignificant levels.

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CHAPTER FIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

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Chapter 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The project proposed comprises of expansion of the existing production capacity – both in paper making and pulping – within the existing premises, along with the required augmentation of the utilities and infrastructure facilities. The objective is to carry out the proposed production capacity expansion with the minimal investment. For the past many years the financial institutions have not been very enthusiastic towards financing of the paper projects in the country, especially for the medium and smaller sized projects and such mill expansion projects have to fall upon the self accruals with minimal bank financing. Accordingly the proposed mill expansion project has been conceived with little change of technology, utilizing the available process and skills. For increasing the paper production capacity, the existing paper machine shall be thoroughly revamped with the replacement and addition of the paper machine elements like, head box, dewatering elements, press section, dryer section, machine drive etc. as also necessary augmentations in the approach flow and finishing sections. The entire expansion shall be carried out within the existing paper machine hall. Increasing the pulping capacity shall be carried out mainly by the addition of 2 Nos. digesters to the existing 8 nos. For effective separation of the black liquor from the pulp, a two-stage brown stock washing system has been proposed. The existing stock preparation shall also be augmented by providing additional refining as required. The extension of the existing pulp mill building shall be carried out as required. In view of the specific nature of the project, as mentioned above, there is no scope of exploration of any project alternatives.

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CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

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Chapter 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any developmental project. It is an integral part of any environmental assessment process. Any development project introduces complex inter-relationships in the project area between people, various natural resources, biota and the many developing forces. Thus, a new environment is created. It is very difficult to predict with complete certainty the exact post-project environmental scenario. Hence, monitoring of critical parameters is essential in the post-project phase. Monitoring is also an effective objective criteria to ensure and verify that the mitigation measures planned for environmental protection function effectively during the entire period of project operation. The data so generated also serves as a data bank for prediction of post project scenarios in similar projects. Also monitoring of environmental indicators signals potential problems and facilitates timely prompt implementation of effective remedial measures. It also allows for validation of the assumptions and assessments made in the present study. An environmental monitoring programme has been developed for the proposed capacity expansion of the paper mill with the objective of assessing the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during construction and operation phases of the project.

6.1 Environmental Monitoring Schedule during Construction Phase Prime Activities during Construction Phase

The completion of the proposed mill expansion project is expected to take about 12 months. This project involves only minimal construction activity. The production capacity increase will be achieved by revamping the existing paper machine in the existing shed. The existing pulp mill shed will be extended to accommodate additional digesters and the associated equipment. No additional township/colony is planned. Keeping in mind the activities and anticipated impacts on the environment, the following monitoring program is proposed during the construction phase:

Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Program during Construction Phase S. Aspect Parameters Frequency Location No. 1. Ambient Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx Once in every two At one on-site Quality months. location and one in the downwind direction.

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2. 3. Noise Equivalent Noise Twice a month At specified locations Level (Leq) of the mill. 4. Ground Water Physical and Chemical Once every two Two locations at Quality Parameters, including months. project site. Heavy Metals 5. Soil Physical and Chemical Once every six months One location at the Parameters mill. 6. Work related Identification of Work Twice during the At the mill. Diseases Related Diseases, construction period (Exposure to Adequacy of Local Dust & Noise) Vector Control and Curative Measure, etc.

6.2 Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase

During operation phase, the following activities are expected to have significant environmental implications: • Raw Material (Straw/Bagasse) and Fuel (Paddy Husk) handling • Operation of boilers/burning of Paddy Husk • Fly ash, bottom ash management • Water and waste water treatment • Run-off water streams • Solid wastes viz. dust from RM & Fuel, ETP Sludge. • Waste oils/lubricants etc. The anticipated environmental impacts can be broadly grouped under the following heads: • Air pollution • Water pollution • Solid waste & • Noise pollution Keeping in mind the activities and anticipated impacts on the environment, the following monitoring program is proposed during the paper mill operation phase:

Table 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Program during Operation Phase S. Aspect Parameters Frequency Location Equipment No. to be Used 1. Ambient PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Once in a month At one on-site Repairable Air NOx at each station location and one Dust Quality location in downwind Sampler direction. 2. Source SPM, SO2, NOx Quarterly Stack Stack Emission Monitoring Kit 3. Meteoro- Temperature, Wind Continuous At project site Automatic logical Speed & Direction, hourly monitoring Weather

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Aspects Relative Humidity, Station Rainfall 4. Ground Physical and Once every two One location at site Standard Water Chemical months. and 2 locations in Laboratory Quality Parameters, impact area. Equipment including Heavy Metals 5. Noise Equivalent Noise Twice a month At specified locations Integrating Level (Leq) within and outside the Noise Level mill. Meter 6. Plant Physical and Twice a month Outlet of the ETP. Standard Effluents Chemical Laboratory Parameters, BOD, Equipment COD & TSS. 7. Soil Physical and Once every month One location at dump Standard Chemical site Laboratory Parameters Equipment 8. Boiler Physical and Once every One location at site Standard Ash Chemical quarter Laboratory Parameters, Equipment including Heavy Metals

Besides this monitoring, compliances of all environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from SPCB/MoEF shall be monitored and reported periodically. Hazardous Waste

Monthly records of each type of hazardous wastes generation, collection, storage and disposal shall be maintained as per the Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003. The hazardous waste may include spent oil from the gear boxes and automobile batteries. Health

The work environment shall be monitored for occupational accidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences. A proper record of the same shall be maintained. First-aid shall be provided at the plant and followed up at the hospital facilities in Bareilly town, as required. The following practices shall be adopted to ensure good health condition of employees: • Pre-employment checkup • Awareness programme • Routine checkup • Periodic vaccination programme etc.

6.3 Data Analysis

All environmental monitoring and relevant operational data shall be stored in a relational database and shall be linked to GIS system. This shall enable efficient

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retrieval and storage and interpretation of the data. Regular data extracts and interpretive reports shall be sent to the regulator.

6.4 Infrastructure for Environmental Monitoring

A well-equipped laboratory with consumable items shall be provided for monitoring of environmental parameters at the site. Alternatively, monitoring can be outsourced to an accredited laboratory. A budget provision of Rs. 25 Lacs has been made for the Environmental Laboratory Equipment (Chapter 9). The plant laboratory shall be equipped with the following equipments and consumable items: Air Quality and Meteorology: Repairable Dust Samplers, Stack Monitoring Kit, Personal Dust Sampler, Electronic Balance, Flame Photometer, AAS, CO & HC Monitor. Water, Wastewater and Soil Quality: The sampling shall be done as per the standard procedures laid down by IS: 2488. The equipments and consumables required are: BOD Incubator, COD Reflex Set-up, Fluoride Analyzer, Mercury Analyzer, Conductivity Monitor Refrigerator, Oven, Stop Watch, Thermometer, pH Meter, Deep Freezer, Desiccators Distilled Water Plant, Pipette Box, Titration Set, Dissolved Oxygen Analyzer and Relevant Chemicals. Noise Levels: Noise monitoring shall be done utilizing an integrating sound level meter to record noise levels in different scales like A-weighting with slow and fast response options.

6.5 Environment Management Group (EMG)

A separate Environment Management Group shall be constituted to implement the Environment Management Plan, including the Environment Monitoring Plan. The group shall be headed by a competent environment professional. The group shall ensure the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the Environment Management Program. The management review process shall ensure that the necessary information is collected to allow management to carry out its evaluation. This review shall be documented. The composition of the Environmental Management Group (EMG) shall be as follows: • Environmental Engineer • Horticulturist • Medical Practitioner • Risk & Disaster Specialist (part time) • Chemist and Lab Technician • Fly Ash Consultant (part time) • ETP In-charge • Representatives from Production &Maintenance Department

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Functions of Environmental Management Group (EMG) shall be: • To implement the Environmental Management Plan. • To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations. • To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices. • Appointment of necessary personnel, training, and identification of scope of work of each concerned personnel, assignment of responsibilities and monitoring their work. • To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the EMP. • To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule. • Compilation of monitoring data, review with senior management and planning future course of action and corrective measures, if required. • Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws as ready reference. • Maintain environmental related records. • Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants, monitoring laboratories. • Maintain of log of public complaints and the action taken. • Conducting periodic training of personnel on safety, health and environment. The trainings are to cover: • Collection, transport, treatment and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. • Operation and maintenance of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). • Requirements of the Disaster Management Plan etc. • Waste minimization, water conservation & recycling and energy conservation. • Applicable environmental health and safety regulations and compliance requirements for the same. • Environmental Management System including environmental monitoring, reporting and documentation needs.

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CHAPTER SEVEN

RISK ASSESSMENT

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CHAPTER 7

RISK ASSESSMENT

7.1 Introduction:

Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe conditions) that exist in the plant. On the other hand, risk analysis deals with the identification and quantification of risks the plant equipment and personnel are exposed to, due to accidents resulting from the hazards present in the plant. Hazard and risk analysis involves very extensive studies, and requires a very detailed design and engineering information. The various hazard analysis techniques that may be applied are hazard and operability studies, fault-tree analysis, event-tree analysis and failure and effects mode analysis.

7.2 Project Background

Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and assessment of risks the neighbouring populations are exposed to as a result of hazards present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of populations etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum credible accident studies. Identification of various hazards, probable risk in the plant and consequences analysis is addressed.

7.3 Scope of the Study

The study aims to analyze the risk associated with the following scenarios in the plant: • Hazards associated with various processes • Raw material & Chemical storages in the plant The risk analysis assessment study covers the following: • Identification of potential hazard areas • Identification of representative failure cases • Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire (thermal radiation) and explosion. • Assessment of the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and the impact zones from the accidental scenarios • Assessment of the overall suitability of the site from hazard minimization and disaster mitigation points of view • Specific recommendations on the minimization of the accident possibilities185

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• Preparation of Occupational and Health safety Plan.

7.4 Approach of the Study 7.4.1 Hazard Identification

The technique employed for the Hazard Identification is Maximum Credible Accident analysis, in other words, an accident with maximum damage distance, which is believed to be probable. MCA analysis does not include quantification of the probability of occurrence of an accident. Process information study and relevant data would help in the identification of hazard prone section of the plant. Inventory analysis and Fire and Explosion and Toxicity Indices and following Manufacture, Storage and Transport of Hazard Chemicals Rules of Government of India (GOI Rules, 1989) are also the methods used in hazard identification. Release of chemicals in the atmosphere from the storage section is then studied on the basis of the properties of the chemicals and the consequences are calculated in terms of damage distances.

7.4.1.1 Methodology

The following steps are employed for visualization of MCA scenarios: • Chemical inventory analysis • Identification of hazardous processes in individual units • Identification of chemical release and accident scenarios • Analysis of past accidents of similar nature to establish credibility of identified scenarios • Short-listing of MCA scenarios.

7.4.1.2 Identification of Major Hazardous Units

Hazardous substances classified into three main classes: • Flammable substances, • Unstable substances and • Toxic substances. Flammable substances require interaction with air for their hazard to be realized. Under certain circumstances, the vapours arising from flammable substances when mixed with air may be explosive, especially in confined spaces. However, if present in sufficient quantity, such clouds may explode in open air also. Unstable substances are liquids or solids, which may decompose with such violence, so as to give rise to blast waves. Finally, toxic substances are dangerous and cause substantial damage to life when released into the atmosphere.

7.4.2 Consequences Analysis

It involves the assessment of hazards in term of quantification.

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7.4.3 Hazard Assessment and Evaluation

Assessment of hazard and its evaluation with the help of preliminary hazard analysis and primary hazard analysis.

7.5 Hazard Identification 7.5.1 Analysis of Units • Brown packaging paper i.e. Agro based for kraft paper production, and • Chemical Recovery Plant Properties of Storage Fuels/Chemicals Used at the Plant • Sodium Hydroxide - Corrosive and Hygroscopic nature • Lubricants – Flammable • Diesels – Flammable

7.5.2 Principal Site Hazards

It is carried out to identify the various hazards associated with the relevant area or process unit. The various activities involved in paper industry, in which following hazards are identified using checklist methods. (i) Raw material stockpiles: Large amounts of wood, recycled/ waste paper and raw material for boiler as fuel (Rise Husk & bagasse) are stored. The fuel stockpile presents an ideal situation for the propagation of a fire. (ii) Boiler: The boiler’s primary function is to generate heat by complete combustion of rice husk. This heat is utilized to generate steam from water. The following hazards were identified as having the most significant impact. Other possible deviations, which do not constitute any foreseeable hazards are not mentioned below. (a) No Water Flow: Failure of the feed water pump to the boiler will result in no water flow into the boiler, therefore no heat sink for the combustion process. This will lead to a release of abnormally hot flue gases. This may cause thermal damage to equipment downstream, and ultimately result in release of very hot gases at the stack. Action/Recommendation: Proper control alarms in place will warn of any deviation in temperature, or water flow, and alert operators on cause of malfunction and allow them to shut down the process before the deviation causes damage. (b) Feed Flow Rate Deviation: A deviation in the firing rate of fuel Rice Husk and combustion air will have an effect on the combustion products generated. A defined ratio must be complied with, to optimize the combustion process. The effects of deviations such as more fuel Rice Husk and/or less air are: incomplete combustion, and a release of larger amounts of particulate matter, undesirable gaseous compounds, including VOC s, noxious gases, and other combustion by-

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products. These gases are potentially harmful in significant concentrations, and contribute to the greenhouse gas problem. Action/Recommendation: Control systems are to be put in place to monitor and regulate the flow rates of the fuel and air, as well as the temperature within the boiler furnace. Any deviation will warn the operators, and immediate corrective action is required. (c) Presence of Contaminants in Feed: Control systems and continuous monitoring of the quality of the fuel going into the boilers will prevent this. (iii) Steam Lines: Regularly scheduled maintenance on all piping infrastructures, repair any leaks as soon as possible, and regular structural testing. (vi) Particulate Filter System: Filter out particles produced during combustion in two stages: a coarse filtration, followed by a fine filtration stage. (a) Blocked Filters: Temperature, oxygen, and CO alarms will alert the operators of the deviation, and will require their immediate attention, because if left unattended, will lead to complete shutdown. Compliance to a regular maintenance schedule will prevent this from occurring. (a) Non-functional Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP): Regular air emission monitoring should be carried out to check the level of particulates present in the flue gas of the stack. Above a certain particulate level, an alarm will alert operators of the deviation, in which the operators will be required to alter the feed and boiler conditions to reduce the amount of particles generated in the combustion process, or to carry out corrective action to remedy this problem. (vii) Digester: The Kraft pulping process is used in the pulp and paper industry to digest the pulp in the papermaking process. The operation is done in a water solution of sodium hydroxide and approx at the 160° C temperature and 7 bar pressure. Batch Digesters – rotary spherical – are adopted for this process. Nearly all of the vessels are made as per the applicable standards/Code for vessels with carbon steel grades and typical design conditions. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) also called as Caustic Lye used in used in digesting pulp are very corrosive material, can cause chemical burns on exposed skin, can cause irritation of skin, eyes, nose and throat. Overexposure to mists or dusts containing sodium hydroxide can lead to fluid build-up in the lungs. (viii) Recovery Plant and Evaporators: The black liquor as available from the washing system is sent to Chemical Recovery comprising Evaporation section & Recovery boiler section. The process of Chemical Recovery breaks the black liquor into water and soda ash. The recovered soda ash is sold in the open market. The advantages of chemical recovery are:

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1. It recovers an expensive item like soda from waste liquor & can be termed as “Wealth out of waste”. 2. It reduces the load on pollution in the liquid stream discharge. (ix) Pressure Vessels: A pressure vessel is a closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. Standards methods, including full compliance of the Factories Act, should be used for operation & maintenance.

7.5.3 Common Causes of Accidents

Based on the analysis of past accident information, common causes of major plant accidents are identified as: • Poor house keeping • Improper use of tools, equipment, facilities • Unsafe or defective equipment facilities • Lack of proper procedures • Improvising unsafe procedures • Failure to follow prescribed procedures • Jobs not understood • Lack of awareness of hazards involved • Lack of proper tools, equipment, facilities • Lack of guides and safety devices • Lack of protective equipment and clothing Based on the storage quantities and properties of the chemicals, the hazard identification has been done and given as follows for carrying out.

7.6 Consequences Analysis

The Paper Mill is having separate area for storage for DG set oil and lubricants (less in quantity) with proper barricade and cautions; it shows that storage of oil falls into light category of fire and explosion index with light toxicity index. Hazardous Substances such as flammables like HSD etc. not stored or handled in much quantity specified in Schedule -3 Column 2/3 of Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 (MSIHC Rules). So consequences analysis not has been done for the Mill.

7.7 Hazard Assessment and Evaluation

Safety of hazard prone section is studied using Preliminary Hazard Analysis. The PHA focuses on the hazardous materials and major plant elements. The PHA consists of formulating a list of hazards related to: • Plant equipment • Operative environment

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• Operations (tests, maintenance, etc.) • Facility • Safety equipment The results include recommendations to reduce or eliminate hazards in the subsequent plant design phase. It includes following hazards. 1. Chemical Hazards A number of chemicals are used and manufactured in the pulp and paper industry that can have adverse impacts on worker health and safety. These include: Liquids like sodium hydroxide, acids used in water treatment, papermaking additives, and dyes. Sodium Hydroxide: Causes eye and skin burns. Causes digestive and respiratory tract burns. Hygroscopic in nature. Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. See MSDS Annexure 7.1. Recommended measures to prevent minimize, and control potential worker health and safety impacts from chemicals include: • Automate pulping operations to the extent possible, such that operators can monitor and operate the processes from control rooms isolated from potential chemical exposures and other health and safety hazards. • Provide engineering controls, like automatic digester capping valves, negative pressure in recovery boilers and ventilation over the digestion vessels; enclosed or • ventilated lime conveyors, elevators, and storage bins; canopy enclosures with dedicated exhaust ventilation for washer and enclosures over sheet dryers. • Protective bunding should be present on all sensitive equipment in the storage area, and the appropriate chemical spill kits should be readily available if the incident does occur. • Proper care i.e. PPEs should be taken while working with chemicals like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acids. • Maintain a current database of all chemicals used and manufactured in the mill, including data on hazards, toxicology, biological properties etc; • Label, mark, package and store all chemicals and hazardous materials according to national standards. • Ensure contractor personnel, including maintenance contractors retained during shutdowns are trained in and follow site safety procedures, including use of personal protective equipment and handling of chemicals; • Implement an inspection and maintenance program to prevent and identify leaks, equipment failure. 2. Physical Hazards

Recommended measures to prevent minimize, and control general physical hazards (e.g. trips, falls, and materials handling hazards) include:

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• Install catch platforms under conveyors that cross passageways or roadways; 97 • Quickly clean up spills; • Working at height • Use non-skid walking surfaces that allow drainage; • Install guard rails on walkways adjacent to production lines or at height, and clearly mark traffic lanes for vehicles and pedestrians. 3. Machine Safety

Pulp mills employ raw material processing and other equipment the potential to expose workers to severe injury. Recommendations to prevent, minimize and control injuries include: • Equipment with moving parts should be fitted with safety guards or interlocks • capable of preventing access to moving parts • Equipment must be shut off and locked out before maintenance, cleaning, or repairs are undertaken. • Workers should be trained specifically in the safe use of the equipment. • Work stations should be aligned to minimize human danger from fragments which could arise from breakage. • Equipment should be regularly inspected and maintained to prevent equipment failure. • All personnel operating cutting equipment should use protective eyewear, and other PPE as necessary. 4. Dust from Raw Material and Fuel handling operations:

Exposure to dust is a potential concern in the material handling area in the initial stages of pulping. Exposure to dust can occur in paper mills. Recommended measures to prevent minimize, and control dust includes: • Enclose and ventilate shredders, dusters, and conveyors; • Avoid use of compressed air to clear dust and waste paper; • Enclose and ventilate areas where dry, dusty additives are unloaded, weighed, and mixed, or use additives in liquid form; • Regularly inspect and clean dusty areas to minimize dust explosion risk. 5. Heat Many pulping operations, including pulping, chemical recovery and paper drying involve high temperatures. Measures to prevent minimize, and control heat exposure in the pulp and paper sector include: • Provide pressurized air control rooms, including in pulping and paper- making areas • Schedule work in hot areas to allow acclimatization and rest periods. • Automate granules removal from the chemical recovery boiler. • Provide heavy-duty protective clothing to workers potentially exposed to high temperature materials

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• Implement safety procedures to minimize the potential for explosions. 6. Fire

In paper industry the areas including recycled waste paper collection, kraft paper preparation and raw materials like rice husk are prone to fire hazard. Measures to prevent minimize, and control fire exposure includes: • Place fire extinguishers and fire hydrants at all identified places. • Sand bucket and slogans should be clearly displayed at all prone locations. Based on the GOI Rules, 1989, Fire which may occur due to the fuel storage identified in RSPL and all measures to prevent minimize, and control fire exposure. 7. Noise

Pulp and paper mills are inherently noisy due to the large amount of mechanical equipment, transport vehicles, physical activities. Use of control rooms and other engineering controls at manufacturer level is advised. The detailed study of Noise environment in RSPL was examined at all possible section and found that noise level is less than 85 dB(A) Leq daily noise exposure level, at all location.

7.7.1 Primary Hazard Analysis:

It is carried out initially to identify the hazard associated with process of Plant/factory. The various activities involves in paper industry is as follows: 1. Raw material preparation and handling 2. Pulping of raw material with chemicals (NaOH) 3. Washing, screening and cleaning 4. Chemical recovery from black liquor 5. Stock preparation 6. Paper making 7. Finishing and packaging • Except the paper making, pulping, washing, screening and cleaning all the other process involves purely mechanical operations that are not hazardous. • Raw materials received from field contain dust and fine particles, pith etc. • Screening and de-dusting of raw material is carried out in raw material preparation. In this process inhalation of fine and dust particles involves that may lead to respiratory problems. • Pulping involves the cooking of raw material with sodium hydroxide at 6 – 7 bar pressure and approx. 1600C. NaOH is mild hazardous chemical. • The boiler’s primary function is to generate heat by complete combustion of fuel wood with air. This heat is utilized to generate steam from water. • Chemical recovery plant consisting of film evaporator in which black liquor containing spent chemical from pulp mills is concentrated and is then fired in the black liquor incinerator. In this process Soda Ash is regenerated as by product, it has been sell out to soap makers and other industries. Thus, this process cannot be considered as a major hazardous process.

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The boiler's primary function is to generate heat by complete combustion of rice husk with air. This heat is utilized to generate steam from water. Proper control alarms in place will warn of any deviation in temperature, or water flow, and alert operators on cause of malfunction and allow them to shut down the process before the deviation causes damage. Control systems are to be put in place to monitor and regulate the flow rates of the fuel and air, as well as the temperature within the boiler furnace. Any deviation will warn the operators, and immediate corrective action is required. Presence of Contaminants in Feed: Control systems and continuous monitoring of the quality of the fuel wood going into the boilers will prevent this. • Particulate Filter System: Compliance to a regular maintenance schedule will prevent this from occurring. Regular air emission monitoring should be carried out to check the level of particulates present in the flue gas of the stack. Above a certain particulate level, an alarm will alert operators of the deviation, in which the operators will be required to alter the feed and boiler conditions to reduce the amount of particles generated in the combustion process, or to carry out corrective action to remedy this problem. • Digester: Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) also called as Lye used in used in digesting pulp are very corrosive material, can cause chemical burns on exposed skin, can cause irritation of skin, eyes, nose and throat. Proper and scheduled maintenance of digester with Standard Operating Procedure should be laid down according to chemical being used in plant. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Annexure 7.1 should be displayed for Chemicals used in digester. • Recovery Plant and Evaporators: The black liquor as available from the washing system is sent to Chemical Recovery comprising Evaporation section, & Recovery boiler section. The process of Chemical Recovery breaks the black liquor into water and soda ash. The recovered soda is sold in the open market. All procedures are mechanically operated. • Pressure Vessels: Regular maintenance and Standard Operating Procedure should be display. Maximum allowable and test procedure should be clearly marked above vessels. Regular checking and preventive maintenance of crakes, corrosion, leaks and other faulty operations to avoid hazards. Hence, no major hazards with potential for any emergency situation exist in the process plants. Power Transformers

Fire and explosion • All electrical fittings and cables are provided as per the specified standards. Switch Yard Control Room

Fire in cable galleries and switch • As above

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Fuel Stockpile

Fire Hazard • The appropriate fire hydrants are to be available, to enable containment and reduce the risk of further propagation.

Table 7.2: Preliminary Hazard Analysis for the Whole Plant in General Particulars/Process

Plausible Hazards Mitigation /Measures

Loading/Unloading of raw material Ergonomical hazard • Safe handling procedure should be adopted Conveyer belt Ergonomical hazard Air borne particles • Screening before start of particular work • Loose cloths should not wear while working. • Proper maintenance of conveyer belt Digester Heat hazard Chemical hazard Noise Hazard • A well-designed fire protection including protein foam, dry powder and CO2 extinguisher should be provided. Machines Physical hazard Heat hazard Noise Hazard Ergonomical hazard • Adequate safe guard and safe distance should be display. • Loose cloths should not wear while working. • Use adequate PPEs like Ear muffs and Ear Plugs etc. • Standard Operating Procedure should be implemented Operation and maintenance schedule Physical hazard Heat hazard

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Noise Hazard Ergonomical hazard • Operation and maintenance of vessels and equipment should be done by as per norms and the Factories Act. • Adequate Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) should be used during operation and maintenance. Ergonomical hazard Fire hazard, • Fire extinguisher of small size and big size are provided at all potential fire hazard places. In addition to the above, fire hydrant network is also provided. • Cautions must be display at all the places related to particular hazards. • Use of Personnel protective equipment while working with rice husk or other dusty material to prevent respiratory problems.

7.8 Disaster Management Plan 7.8.1 Disasters

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which, suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and other necessities of life. Disasters can be divided into two main groups. In the first, are disasters resulting from natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storm surges, cyclones, tropical storms, floods, avalanches, landslides, forest fires. The second group includes disastrous events occasioned by man, or by man's impact upon the environment. Examples are armed conflict, industrial accidents, radiation accidents, factory fires, explosions and escape of toxic gases or chemical substances, river pollution, mining or other structural collapses, air, sea, rail and road transport accidents and can reach catastrophic dimensions in terms of human loss. There can be no set criteria for assessing the gravity of a disaster in the abstract, since this depends to a large extent on the physical, economic and social environment in which it occurs. What would be considered a major disaster in a developing country, ill-equipped to cope with the problems involved may not mean more than a temporary emergency elsewhere. However, all disasters bring in their wake similar consequences that call for immediate action, whether at the local, national or international level, for the rescue and relief of the victims. This includes the search for the dead and injured, medical and social care, removal of the debris, the provision of temporary shelter for the homeless, food, clothing and medical supplies, and the rapid re-establishment of essential services.

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7.8.2 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan [DMP]

The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in the same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the DMP, it should be widely circulated and personnel training through rehearsals/drills should be organised. The DMP should reflect the probable consequential severities of the undesired event due to deteriorating conditions or through 'Knock on' effects. Further, the management should be able to demonstrate that its assessment of the consequences uses good supporting evidence and is based on currently available and reliable information, incident data from internal and external sources and, if necessary, the reports of external, independent, agencies. To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the factory or immediate vicinity of the factory, a DMP has to be formulated and this planned emergency document is called "Disaster Management Plan". The objective of the Industrial Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following: • Effect the rescue and medical treatment of causalities • Safeguard other people • Minimise damage to property and the environment • Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control • Identify any dead • Provide for the needs of relatives • Provide authoritative information to the news media • Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area • Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency. In effect, it is to optimise operational efficiency to rescue, rehabilitation and render medical help and to restore normalcy.

7.9 Emergencies 7.9.1 General Industrial Emergencies

The emergencies that could be envisaged in the plant and tank farm are as follows: • A situation of fire at the tank farm of all storages • Slow isolated fires • Fast spreading fires • Structural failures • Contamination of food/water • Sabotage/Social disorder.

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7.9.2 Specific Emergencies Anticipated 7.9.2.1 Fire and Explosion

Fire consequences can be disastrous, since they involve huge quantities of fuel either stored or in dynamic inventory in pipelines or in nearby areas. Toxic releases can affect persons working around. Preliminary Hazard Analysis has provided a basis for consequence estimation. Estimation can be made by using various pool fire, tank fire consequence calculations. During the study of Risk Assessment, the nature of damages is worked out and the probability of occurrence of such hazards is also drawn up. Therefore, the risk assessment report is to be essentially studied in conjunction with the Disaster Management Plan.

7.10 Emergency Organisation

It is recommended to set up or strengthen the Emergency Organisation. A senior executive who has control over the affairs of the plant would be heading the Emergency Organisation. He would be designated as Site Controller. As per the General Organisation chart, Resident Director would be designated as the Incident Controller. In the case of stores, utilities, open areas, which are not under the control of the Production Heads, Senior Executive responsible for maintenance of utilities would be designated as Incident Controller. All the Incident Controllers would be reporting to the Site Controller. Each Incident Controller, for him, organises a team responsible for controlling the incidence with the personnel under his control. Shift Incharge would be the reporting officer, who would bring the incidence to the notice of the Incident Controller and Site Controller. Emergency Co-ordinators would be appointed who would undertake the responsibilities like fire fighting, rescue, rehabilitation, transport and provide essential and support services. For this purpose, Security Incharge, Personnel Department, Essential services personnel would be engaged. All these personnel would be designated as key personnel. In each shift, electrical supervisor, electrical fitters, pump house incharge, and other maintenance staff would be drafted for emergency operations. In the event of power or communication system failure, some of the staff members in the office/plant offices would be drafted and their services would be utilised as messengers for quick passing of communications. All these personnel would be declared as essential personnel.

7.10.1 Emergency Communication

Whoever notices an emergency situation such as fire, growth of fire, leakage etc. shall inform his immediate superior and Emergency Control Centre. The person on duty in the Emergency Control Centre shall appraise the Site Controller. Site Controller shall verify the situation from the Incident Controller of that area or the Shift Incharge and

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shall decide about an impending On Site Emergency. This shall be communicated to all the Incident Controllers and Emergency Co-ordinators. Simultaneously, the emergency warning system shall be activated on the instructions of the Site Controller.

7.11 Emergency Responsibilities

The responsibilities of the key personnel are appended below.

7.11.1 Site Controller

On receiving information about emergency, he would rush to Emergency Control Centre and take charge of ECC and the situation and assesses the magnitude of the situation on the advice of Incident Controller and would decide: • Whether the affected area needs to be evacuated • Whether personnel who are at assembly points need to be evacuated • About declaration of emergency and ordering the for operation of emergency siren • To organise announcement by public address system about location of emergency • To assess which areas are likely to be affected, or need to be evacuated or are to be alerted • To maintain a continuous review of possible development and assess the situation in consultation with Incident Controller and other Key Personnel as to whether shutting down the plant or any section of the plant is required and if evacuation of persons is required • To direct personnel for rescue, rehabilitation, transport, fire, brigade, medical and other designated mutual support systems locally available, for meeting emergencies • To control evacuation of affected areas, if the situation is likely to go out of control or effects are likely to go beyond the premises of the factory to inform District Emergency Authority, Police, Hospital and seek their intervention and help • To inform Inspector of Factories, Deputy Chief Inspector of Factories, TNPCB and other statutory authorities • To give a public statement if necessary • To keep a record of chronological events and prepare an investigation report and preserve evidence • On completion of On Site Emergency and restoration of normalcy, to declare ‘all clear’ and order for ‘all clear’ signal.

7.11.2 Incident Controller • Assembles the incident control team.

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• Directs operations within the affected areas with the priorities for safety to personnel, minimise damage to the plant, property and environment and minimise the loss of materials. • Directs the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas likely to be adversely affected by the emergency. • Ensures that all key personnel’s help is sought. • Provides advice and information to the Fire and Security Officer and the Local Fire Services as and when they arrive. • Ensures that all non-essential workers/staff of the affected areas are evacuated to the appropriate assembly points, and the areas are searched for causalities. • Has regard to the need for preservation of evidence so as to facilitate any inquiry into the causes and circumstances, which caused or escalated the emergency. • Co-ordinates with emergency services at the site. • Provides tools and safety equipment to the team members. • Keeps in touch with the team and advises them regarding the method of control to be used. • Keeps the Site Controller of Emergency informed of the progress being made.

7.11.3 Emergency Co-ordinator - Rescue, Fire Fighting • On knowing about emergency, rushes to ECC. • Helps the Incident Controller in containment of the emergency. • Ensures fire pumps in operating conditions and instructs pump house operator to be ready for any emergency with standby arrangement. • Guides the fire fighting crew i.e. firemen, trained plant personnel and security staff. • Organises shifting the fire fighting facilities to the emergency site, if required. • Takes guidance of the Incident Controller for fire fighting as well as assesses the requirements of outside help. • Arranges to control the traffic at the gate and the incident area. • Directs the security staff to the incident site to take part in the emergency operations under his guidance and supervision. • Evacuates the people in the plant or in the nearby areas as advised by Site Controller. • Searches for casualties and arranges proper aid for them. • Assembles a search and evacuation team. • Arranges for safety equipment for the members of this team. • Decides which paths the evacuated workers should follow. • Maintains law and order in the area and, if necessary, seeks the help of police.

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7.11.4 Emergency Co-ordinator - Medical, Mutual Aid, Rehabilitation, Transport and Communication • In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby internal telephone, sets up communication point and establishes contact with the Emergency Control Centre (ECC). • Organises medical treatment to the injured and, if necessary, arrange to shift the injured to nearby hospitals. • Mobilises extra medical help from outside, if necessary. • Keeps a list of qualified first aiders of the factory and seeks their assistance. • Maintains first aid and medical emergency requirements. • Makes sure that all safety equipment is made available to the emergency team. • Assists Site Controller with necessary data and to coordinate the emergency activities. • Assists Site Controller in updating the emergency plan, organising mock drills, verification of inventory of emergency facilities and furnishing report to Site Controller. • Maintains liaison with Civil Administration. • Ensures availability of canteen facilities and maintenance of rehabilitation centre. • He will liaise with Site Controller/Incident Controller. • Ensures transportation facility. • Ensures availability of necessary cash for rescue/rehabilitation and emergency expenditure. • Controls rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation of emergency. • Makes available diesel/petrol for transport vehicles engaged in emergency operation.

7.11.5 Emergency Co-ordinator - Essential Services • He would assist Site Controller and Incident Controller. • Maintains essential services like Diesel Generator, Water, Fire Water, Compressed Air/Instrument Air and power supply for lighting. • He would plan alternate facilities in the event of power failure, to maintain essential services such as lighting, refrigeration plant etc. • He would organise separate electrical connections for all utilities and emergency services so that in the event of emergency or fires, essential services and utilities are not affected. • Gives necessary instructions regarding emergency electrical supply, isolation of certain sections etc. to shift in charge and electricians. • Ensures availability of adequate quantities of protective equipment and other emergency materials, spares etc.

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7.11.6 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency

During an emergency, it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an emergency warning is raised; the workers, if they are incharge of process equipment, should adopt safe and emergency shut down and attend to any prescribed duty as essential employee. If no such responsibility is assigned, he should adopt a safe course to assembly point and await instructions. He should not resort to spread panic. On the other hand, he must assist emergency personnel towards objectives of DMP.

7.12 Emergency Facilities 7.12.1 Emergency Control Centre (ECC)

RSPL has established an Emergency Control Centre. It has external telephone, telefax and telex facility. All the Site Controller/ Incident Controller Officers, Senior Personnel would be located here. The following information and equipment will be provided at the Emergency Control Centre (ECC): • Intercom, telephone • P and T telephone • Safe contained breathing apparatus • Fire suit/gas tight goggles/gloves/helmets • Hand tools, wind direction/velocities indicators • Public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories • (Internal, P and T) factory layout, site plan • Emergency lamps/torch lights/batteries • Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, sources of safety equipment, work road plan, assembly points, rescue location, vulnerable zones, and escape routes • Hazard chart • Emergency shut-down procedures • Nominal roll of employees • List of key personnel, list of essential employees, list of Emergency Co- ordinators • Duties of key personnel • Addresses with telephone numbers of key personnel, emergency coordinator, essential employees. • Important addresses and telephone numbers including Government agencies, neighbouring industries and sources of help, outside experts, chemical fact sheets, population details around the factory.

7.12.2 Assembly Point

Number of assemblies depending upon the plant location would be identified wherein employees who are not directly connected with the disaster management would be

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assembled for safety and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus, minimum facilities like water etc. would be organised. In view of the size of plant, different locations are earmarked as assembly points. Depending upon the location of hazard, the assembly points are to be used.

7.12.3 Emergency Power Supply

Plant facilities would be connected to Generator and would be placed in auto mode. Thus, water pumps, plant’s lighting and emergency control centre, administrative building and other auxiliary services are connected to emergency power supply. In all the blocks, flameproof type emergency lamps would be provided.

7.12.4 Fire Fighting Facilities

First Aid and Fire fighting equipment suitable for emergency are maintained well in each section in the plant. This would be developed according to the statutory requirements as well as per Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) Regulations. However, fire hydrant line covering major areas has been laid. Fire alarms have been located in the bulk storage areas. Existing Fire Fighting Facilities The RSPL plant already has adequate fire fighting facilities and the same will be used in post MEP also, after augmenting, if necessary.

7.12.5 Location of Wind Sock

Windsocks exist in the plant and the same will continue to be used after the implementation of the MEP also to indicate direction of wind for emergency escape.

7.12.6 Emergency Medical Facilities

Stretchers, gas masks and general first aid materials for dealing with chemical burns, fire burns etc. will be maintained in the medical centre as well as in the emergency control room. Private medical practitioners’ help would be sought. Government hospital would be approached for emergency help. Apart from plant first aid facilities, external facilities would be augmented. Names of medical personnel and medical facilities in the area would be prepared and updated. Necessary specific medicines for emergency treatment of burns patients, and for those affected by toxicity would be maintained. Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment would be provided and maintained. The help of nearby industrial managements in this regard would be taken on mutual support basis.

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7.12.7 Ambulance

An ambulance with driver availability in all the shifts on call, emergency shift vehicle will be ensured and maintained to transport injured or affected persons. Many persons would be trained in first aid so that, in every shift, first aid personnel would be available.

7.13 Emergency Actions 7.13.1 Emergency Warning

Communication of emergency will be made familiar to the personnel inside the plant and people outside. An emergency warning system has already been established in the plant.

7.13.2 Emergency Shutdown

There are a number of facilities which can be provided to help deal with hazardous conditions, when a tank is on fire. The suggested arrangements are: • Stop feed • Dilute contents • Remove heat • Deluge with water • Transfer contents. Whether a given method is appropriate depends on the particular case. Cessation of agitation may be the best action in some instances but not in others. Stopping of the feed may require the provision of bypass arrangements. Methods of removing additional heat include removal through the normal cooling arrangements or use of an emergency cooling system. Cooling facilities, which use vaporising liquid, may be particularly effective, since a large increase in vaporisation can be obtained by dropping pressure.

7.13.3 Evacuation of Personnel

There could be more number of persons in the storage area and other areas in the vicinity. The area would have adequate number of exits and staircases. In the event of an emergency, unconnected personnel have to escape to assembly point. Operators have to take emergency shutdown procedure and escape. Time Office maintains a copy of deployment of employees in each shift. If necessary, persons can be evacuated by rescue teams.

7.13.4 All Clear Signal

Also, at the end of an emergency, after discussing with Incident Controllers and Emergency Co-ordinators, the Site Controller orders an all clear signal. When it becomes essential, the Site Controller communicates to the District Emergency

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Authority, Police, Fire Service personnel regarding help required or development of the situation into an Off-Site Emergency.

7.14 General 7.14.1 Employee Information

During an emergency, employees would be warned by raising siren in specific pattern. Employees would be given training of escape routes, taking shelter, protecting from toxic effects. Employees would be provided with information related to fire hazards, antidotes and first aid measures. Those who would be designated as key personnel and essential employees should be given training in emergency response.

7.14.2 Public Information and Warning

The industrial disaster effects related to this plant may mostly be confined to the plant area. The detailed risk analysis has indicated that the pool fire effects would not be felt outside. However, as an abundant precaution, the information related to chemicals in use would be furnished to District Emergency Authority (normally the Collector) for necessary dissemination to general public and for any use during an offsite emergency.

7.14.3 Co-ordination with Local Authorities

Keeping in view the nature of the emergency, two levels of co-ordination are proposed. In the case of an On Site Emergency, resources within the organisation would be mobilised and in the event of an extreme emergency, local authorities’ help should be sought. In the event of an emergency developing into an offsite emergency, local authority and District Emergency Authority (normally the Collector) would be appraised and under his supervision, the Off Site Disaster Management Plan would be exercised. For this purpose, the facilities that are available locally, i.e. medical, transport, personnel, rescue accommodation, voluntary organisations etc. would be mustered. Necessary rehearsals and training in the form of mock drills should be organised.

7.14.4 Mutual Aid

Mutual aid in the form of technical personnel, runners, helpers, special protective equipment, transport vehicles, communication facility etc. should be sought from the neighbouring industrial managements.

7.14.5 Mock Drills

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physically in emergency response through carefully planned, simulated procedures. Similarly, the key personnel and essential personnel are being trained in the operations.

7.14.6 Important Information

Important information such as names and addresses of key personnel, essential employees, medical personnel, transporters’ addresses, addresses and phone numbers of those connected with Off Site Emergency such as Police, Local Authorities, Fire Services, District Emergency Authority are prepared and maintained.

7.15 Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan

The task of preparing the Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the District Collector; however, the off-site plan will be prepared with the help of the local district authorities. The proposed plan will be based on the following guidelines.

7.15.1 Introduction

Off-site emergency plan follows the on-site emergency plan. When the consequences of an emergency situation go beyond the plant boundaries, it becomes an off-site emergency. Off-site emergency is essentially the responsibility of the public administration. However, the factory management will provide the public administration with the technical information relating to the nature, quantum and probable consequences on the neighbouring population. The off-site plan in detail will be based on those events, which are most likely to occur, but other less likely events, which have severe consequence, will also be considered. Incidents, which have very severe consequences yet have a small probability of occurrence, should also be considered during the preparation of the plan. However, the key feature of a good off-site emergency plan is flexibility in its application to emergencies other than those specifically included in the formation of the plan. The roles of the various parties who will be involved in the implementation of an off- site plan are described below. Depending on local arrangements, the responsibility for the off-site plan should either rest with the works management or, with the local authority. Either way, the plan should identify an emergency co-ordinating officer, who would take the overall command of the off-site activities. As with the on-site plan, an emergency control centre should be set up within which the emergency co- ordinating officer can operate. An early decision will be required in many cases on the advice to be given to people living "within range" of the accident; in particular, whether they should be evacuated or told to go indoor. In the latter case, the decision can regularly be reviewed in the event of an escalation of the incident. Consideration of evacuation may include the following factors:

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• In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. an oil storage tank), only houses close to the fire are likely to need evacuation, although a severe smoke hazard may require this to be reviewed periodically. • If a fire is escalating and in turn threatening a store of hazardous material, it might be necessary to evacuate people nearby, but only if there is time; if insufficient time exists, people should be advised to stay indoors and shield themselves from the fire. For release or potential release of toxic materials, limited evacuation may be appropriate downwind if there is time. The decision would depend partly on the type of housing "at risk". Conventional housing of solid construction with windows closed offers substantial protection from the effects of a toxic cloud, while shanty house, which can exist close to factories, offers little or no protection. The major difference between releases of toxic and flammable materials is that toxic clouds are generally hazardous down to much lower concentrations and therefore hazardous over greater distances. Also, a toxic cloud drifting at, say, 300 m per minute, covers a large area of land very quickly. Any consideration of evacuation should take this into account. Although the plan will have sufficient flexibility built in to cover the consequences of the range of accidents identified for the on-site plan, it will cover in some detail the handling of the emergency to a particular distance from each major hazard works.

7.15.2 Aspects Proposed to be considered in the Off-Site Emergency Plan

The main aspects, which should be included in the emergency plan, are: Organisation Details of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures, emergency control centres. Names and appointments of incident controller, site main controller, their deputies and other key personnel. Communications Identification of personnel involved, communication centre, call signs, network, lists of telephone numbers. Specialised knowledge Details of specialist bodies, firms and people upon whom it may be necessary to call e.g. those with specialised chemical knowledge, laboratories. Voluntary organisations Details of organisers, telephone numbers, resources etc. Chemical information Details of the hazardous substances stored or processed on each site and a summary of the risk associated with them. Meteorological information Arrangements for obtaining details of weather conditions prevailing at the time and weather forecasts.

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Humanitarian arrangements Transport, evacuation centres, emergency feeding treatment of injured, first aid, ambulances, temporary mortuaries. Public information Arrangements for (a) dealing with the media press office; (b) informing relatives, etc. Assessment Arrangements for: (a) collecting information on the causes of the emergency; (b) reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan.

7.15.3 Role of the Emergency Co-ordinating Officer

The various emergency services should be co-ordinated by an emergency co- ordinating officer (ECO), who will be designated by the District Collector. The ECO should liaise closely with the Site Controller. Again, depending on local arrangements, for very severe incidents with major or prolonged off-site consequences, the external control should be passed on to a senior local authority administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state government.

7.15.4 Role of the Local Authority

The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The emergency planning officer (EPO) appointed should carry out his duty in preparing for a whole range of different emergencies within the local authority area. The EPO should liase with the works, to obtain the information to provide the basis for the plan. This liaison should ensure that the plan is continually kept upto date. It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organisations, which will be involved off site in handling the emergency, know of their role and are able to accept it by having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to cover their particular responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans should be organised by the EPO.

7.15.5 Role of Police

Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and property and controlling traffic movements. Their functions should include controlling bystanders, evacuating the public, identifying the dead and dealing with casualties, and informing relatives of dead or injured.

7.15.6 Role of Fire Authorities

The control of a fire should normally be the responsibility of the senior fire brigade officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the site incident controller on arrival at the site. The senior fire brigade officer should also have a similar responsibility for other events, such as explosions and toxic release. Fire authorities in

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the region should be apprised about the location of all stores of flammable materials, water and foam supply points, and fire-fighting equipment. They should be involved in on-site emergency rehearsals both as participants and, on occasion, as observers of exercises involving on-site personnel.

7.15.7 Role of Health Authorities

Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, ambulances, and similar other persons/institutions should have a vital part to play following a major accident, and they should form an integral part of the emergency plan. For major fires, injuries should be the result of the effects of thermal radiation to a varying degree, and the knowledge and experience to handle this in all but extreme cases may be generally available in most hospitals. For major toxic releases, the effects vary according to the chemical in question, and the health authorities should be apprised about the likely toxic releases from the plant, which will enable them to deal with the aftermath of a toxic release with treatment appropriate to such casualties. Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities in additional to those available locally, and a medical "mutual aid" scheme should exist to enable the assistance of neighbouring authorities to be obtained in the event of an emergency.

7.15.8 Role of Government Safety Authority

This will be the factory inspectorate available in the region. Inspectors are likely to want to satisfy themselves that the organisation responsible for producing the off-site plan has made adequate arrangements for handling emergencies of all types including major emergencies. They may wish to see well documented procedures and evidence of exercise undertaken to test the plan. In the event of an accident, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory inspector will apply. These may vary from keeping a watch to a close involvement in advising on operations. While the industry will activate the DMP and take necessary alleviating measures and arrange to extend all medical and security support, the factory inspectorate may be the only external agency with equipment and resources to carry out appropriate tests to assess the impact.

7.16 Occupational Health and Safety

Large industries, in general, where multifarious activities are involved during construction, erection, testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance, the men, materials and machines are the basic inputs. Along with the boons like socio- economic growth, improvements in infrastructural facilities and better facilities for education, industrialisation also raises issues of occupational health and safety.

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In general occupational health and safety is an interdisciplinary area concerned with safety, health and welfare of people engaged in industries. The main concerns of occupational health are: i. promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations ii. prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions iii. protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health and iv. placing of worker in an occupational environment suitable to his physiological and psychological capabilities Working conditions and the nature of employment tend to have major repercussions on the health of a workman. The concept of ‘Occupational health’ has evolved from work-related ailments. Occupational health broadly means any injury, impairment or disease affecting a worker or employee during his course of employment. Further, it not only deals with work-related disorders but also encompasses all factors that affect community health within it. The industrial planner, therefore, has to properly plan and take steps to mitigate minimise the adverse impacts of industrialisation and to ensure provision of appropriate and adequate occupational health and safety measures, including fire plans. All these activities again may be classified under construction and erection, and operation and maintenance.

7.16.1 Occupational Health

Occupational health needs attention both during construction and erection and operation and maintenance phases. However, the events that occur vary both in magnitude and variety in the above phases. Construction and Erection The possible occupational health hazards envisaged at this stage may mainly be due to constructional accident and noise. To overcome these, in addition to arrangements to reduce the impacts within Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), personal protective equipment should also be supplied to construction workers. Operation and Maintenance The possible occupational health hazard, in the operation and maintenance phase, is hearing loss due to noise. Suitable personal protective equipments are provided to employees. The working personnel should be given the following appropriate personal protective equipment. • Industrial safety helmet

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• Crash helmet • Face shield with replaceable acrylic visor • Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends • Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue colour glasses • Welder’s equipment for eye and face protection • Cylindrical type earplug • Ear muffs • Canister gas mask • Self contained breathing apparatus • Leather apron • Aluminised fibre glass fix proximity suit with hood and gloves • Boiler suit • Safety belt/line man's safety belt • Leather hand gloves • Asbestos hand gloves • Acid/Alkali proof rubberised hand gloves • Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palms • Lead hand gloves • Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves • Industrial safety shoes with steel toe Meeting this requirement, RSPL has a well organised First Aid Medical Centre for tackling any kind of emergency. The existing hospital facilities should be made available round the clock for attending to emergency arising out of accidents, if any. All working personnel should be medically examined at least once every year and at the end of the term of their employment See Annexure 7.3 (Periodical Medical Examination Form). This is in addition to the pre-employment medical examination. See Annexure 7.2 (Preplacement Medical Examination Form).

7.16.2 Safety Plan

Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of concern. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency plan. RSPL already has a proper safety plan and the same will be made available during construction, operation and maintenance phases of the proposed modernisation of the plant with the following regulations: • To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work. • To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment. • To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees.

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• To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing, and to ensure their proper use. • To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work, which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety. • To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and up-to-date knowledge. • To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at work. • To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters. • To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service. • To organise collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and incident involving personal injury or injury to health with a view to take corrective, remedial and preventive action. • To promote, through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees. • To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language of employees. • To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/ processes involved in a project. • To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all buildings, equipment, work places and operations.

7.16.3 Safety Organisation Construction and Erection Phase

A qualified and experienced safety officer should be appointed. The responsibilities of the safety officers include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advice on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organise training programmes and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to occupational safety and health. He is also responsible to ensure compliance of Safety Rules/ Statutory Provisions. In addition to employment of a safety officer by RSPL, every contractor, who employs more than 250 workers, should also employ one safety officer to ensure safety of the worker, in accordance with the conditions of contract. Operation and Maintenance Phase

When the construction is completed, the posting of safety officers should be in accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities should be as defined thereof.

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7.16.4 Safety Circle

In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of work. The circle would consist of 5-6 employees from that area. The circle normally should meet for about an hour every week.

7.16.5 Safety Training

A full-fledged training centre already exists the plant. Safety training is being provided by the Safety Officers with the assistance of faculty members called from Corporate Centre, Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees, limited contractor labour should also be provided safety training. To create safety awareness, safety films should be shown to workers and leaflets and literature should be distributed. Some precautions and remedial measures to be adopted to prevent fires are given below: • Compartmentation of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable passages and crevices in all directions would help in localising and identifying the area of occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual fire fighting operations • Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for cable shafts • Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries • Housekeeping of a high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and regular fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting • Proper fire watching by all concerned should be ensured.

7.16.6 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan

All the potential occupational hazardous work places such as acid and alkali storage areas should be monitored regularly. The health of employees working in these areas should be monitored once a year for early detection of any ailment due to exposure to hazardous chemicals.

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CHAPTER EIGHT

PROJECT BENEFITS

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Chapter 8 PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Need for the Project

The paper industry in India is more than a century old. At present there are over 800 paper mills. Consumption of paper is directly related to cultural, commercial & industrial development in the country. As per Indian Agro & Recycled Paper Mills Association (IARPMA) the demand for paper in India will reach 21 million ton within the next few years. The per capita paper consumption has increased up to 9.18 kg per year in 2009-10 as compared to 8.3 kg during 2008-09. Due to the growth in economy, this per capita paper consumption is expected to reach near to 20 kg by 2020 related to cultural, commercial & industrial development in the country. Though domestic consumption is growing, the present per capita consumption is only about 10 kg per year against the global average of 57 kg.

With the growth of Indian economy overall use of papers has increased substantially. The large and growing middle class along with the growth in organized retail in the country are driving demand in the packaging industry. Increasing investment by both domestic and foreign companies in Indian Food Processing sector, especially in beverage and dairy products, have expanded the market for high-end packaging. Also the increase in demand to use paper as replacement for plastic has increased the demand of good quality packaging paper. The opening up of global markets has given further fillip to demand for paper and paper products. The market for various types and grades of paper is also increasing. There is a growing demand for higher BF Kraft and higher grammage papers by the packaging industry and many MNCs. Big Corrugators use this quality of paper for

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various types of packaging, thus getting a bio-degradable substitute for plastics. Many variants of Kraft and poster paper can be manufactured by varying the proportions of agro and waste paper pulp mix and by use of other processes and consumable inputs. The Govt. of India has relaxed the rules and regulations and also delicensed the paper industry to encourage investment in this sector. Keeping in mind these industry trends, the management at Rama Shyma Papers Ltd. proposes to expand its paper production capacity. The expansion has also been necessitated to ensure viability of the Chemical Recovery Plant (CRP) that the mill is in the process of installing. The CRP is an important process for treating paper mill effluent and soda ash recovery, where agro-based pulping is being done.

8.2 Employment Generation

The proposed expansion shall result in employment generation. As the mill is located in a rural area, this benefit shall have the ripple effect in the rural economy with wider economic benefits. The project shall directly employ 250 people, being source of lively-hood for 250 families. As the project shall use agro-waste as raw material, it shall benefit a large number of agriculturist/small traders, who shall be able to sell agro waste to the mill at remunerative prices. This would ultimately enhance the economic well being of those people and increase rural incomes. Also a large number of suppliers of raw material, chemicals, and machinery shall come in contact with the mill and likewise dealers/customers network shall also be benefited.

8.3 Benefits to the Economy

The project will contribute to meeting the growing demand of paper products in the country. Further, the ripple effect of industrial development shall impact suppliers (raw material, chemicals, and machinery) and dealers/customers. Employment generation shall pump money into rural economy that shall benefit the area. The Project will pay annually Rs.600 Lac as Excise Duty, Rs.600 Lac as VAT/ Entry Tax/ CST and Rs.200 Lac as Corporate Taxes per annum. The electricity bill shall amount to approximately Rs. 750.00 laces p.a. The Project would pay annually Rs.700 Lac as Interest & other charges.

8.4 Social Benefits

CSR is in the company culture with focus on the weaker sections of the society. Promoting waste paper saving by public at large, awareness campaigns to recycle of all possible rejects/ scrap is promoted by the company as it forms lively-hood for the economically weakest society involved in their collection. A regular dispensary for

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free OPD and other support systems is continuously supported and maintained by the company. The CSR culture will get a boost with increased availability of resources as two (2%) percent of the capital investment in the project shall henceforth be allocated to the CSR activities of the Company. The specific CSR activities shall be decided after consultations with local persons and shall be as per local need assessment.

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CHAPTER NINE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

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Chapter 9 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environment Management Plan (EMP) is aimed at mitigating the possible adverse impacts of a project and for ensuring maintenance of existing environmental quality. Formulation and implementation of EMP also reinforces beneficial impacts of a project. The EMP covers all aspects of planning, construction and operation of the project, which are relevant to the environment. It is essential to implement the EMP right from the planning stage and then continuing it throughout the construction and operation stages. Therefore the main objective of the EMP is to identify the project specific activities that would have to be considered for investigation of the significant adverse impacts and the mitigation measures required.

9.1 Environment Management Plan during Construction Phase

The major construction activities that have potential environmental impacts involve pre-construction site preparation and installation of temporary and permanent facilities to meet the future requirements for success of the project. However, except for permanent change in local landscape and land use pattern of the project site, the construction phase impacts are temporary and localized phenomena. To implement the Environment Management Plan (EMP), a structured Environment Management Group (EMG) shall be created. The EMG shall undertake regular monitoring of the environment during the construction (as well as operation phase) of the project. It shall also check that the stipulated measures are being satisfactorily implemented. It shall also co-ordinate with local authorities and ensures filing of relevant reports to statutory bodies. The necessary measures that shall be taken up with respect to construction activities are outlined in the following sub-sections.

9.1.1 Safety and Infrastructure Services for Personnel

Manpower required during construction phase is expected to be approx. 50. Construction personnel shall be made aware of possible hazards and safety measures that need to be taken while construction is underway through proper training. Adequate personal protective equipments (PPEs) such as dust masks, goggles, earplugs/earmuffs, safety gloves, safety belts, shoes with toe protection, gumboots shall be made available at the construction site and the construction company shall strictly observe applicable safety norms. Temporary accommodation facilities shall be created for staff and construction workers coming from outside and necessary arrangements shall be made to meet the basic requirements, as highlighted below:

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• Temporary shelters • Canteen facility • Fuel facility (so that they do not cut any fuel wood) • Safe drinking water facility • Sanitation/toilets with septic tank • Rest room • Medical facility • Crèche

9.1.2 Land Environment Management

Topography of the proposed site is almost flat and no major filling/cutting works are anticipated except for the purpose of laying of foundation. Dust generated due to earthwork including excavation and transportation activities, especially during dry weather conditions, shall be controlled by water sprinkling. The earth generated during excavation shall be used in refilling, leveling and landscaping the area. No nallas or water courses are present at the project site. Natural drainage pattern shall not be disturbed as far as possible. The approach road to project site shall be appropriately upgraded to facilitate vehicular movement. Even before start of construction, work on development of the greenbelt area has been initiated and plantation of trees carried out. The measures, which would be followed to prevent soil erosion and contamination, are summarized below: • Maximize use of top soil for landscaping • To prevent soil contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers shall be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. • Removal of as little vegetation as possible during the development • Plantation of trees in green belt area.

9.1.3 Handling of Construction Equipment

Loading and unloading operations and movement of trucks shall be properly regulated to minimize the impact of noise on the personnel engaged in civil, mechanical and erection works. Roads shall be maintained in good condition.

9.1.4 Solid Waste during Construction Phase

A. Non-Hazardous Solid Waste

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ii) Metal Scrap: Metal scrap from structural steel, piping, concrete reinforcement and sheet metal work shall be removed from the site by construction contractors. A significant portion of wood scrap can be reused on site. Recyclable wastes such as plastics, glass fiber insulation, roofing etc shall be sold to recyclers. B. Hazardous Waste

Construction sites are sources of many toxic substances, such as paints, solvents, wood preservatives, pesticides, adhesives and sealants. Hazardous waste generated during construction phase shall be stored in sealed containers, labeled, and disposed of as required by the Hazardous Wastes Management and Handling Act Amendment Rules (MoEF, 2003) at the nearest CSWTDF site. Some management practices to be developed are: • Paintbrushes and equipment for water and oil based paints shall be cleaned within a contained area and shall not be allowed to contaminate site soils, watercourses or drainage systems. • Hazardous waste storage facilities shall be adequately provided; care shall be taken to designate hazardous waste storage areas away from storm drains or watercourses. Hazardous waste collection containers shall be conveniently located. • Potentially hazardous waste shall be segregated from non-hazardous construction site debris. • All hazardous waste shall be clearly labeled.

9.1.5 Air Quality Management

The dust nuisance created by the excavation, leveling and transportation activities shall be properly controlled by: • Sprinkling water on roads, • Providing dust arresting panels/sheets, • Tree plantation to act as dust barriers, • Regular removing of construction waste material, • Proper storage of building material in sheds or under plastic covers, stockpiling along predominant wind direction, maintaining stockpile height close to boundary height (and use of tin sheets to provide wind barrier in case height exceeds boundary height), • Use of cover sheets on trucks used for transportation, • Avoiding of truck overloading and implementation of speed limits for vehicles. • Emissions from vehicles and construction equipment shall be controlled by ensuring that vehicles used during construction undergo periodic pollution control checks and use cleaner fuels.

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• The ambient air quality shall be monitored at the project site for PM10, PM2.5,

SO2 and NOX at frequency given in Table 6.1 (Environment Monitoring Program during Construction Phase).

9.1.6 Noise Level Management

Noise resulting from operation of construction machinery and vehicular movement, though localized, may constitute an additional environmental stress. Recommended mitigation measures for noise pollution are: • Good maintenance of vehicles, construction equipment and roads. • Restriction of noisy construction activities to day time only. • Plantation of trees in the greenbelt area and around the plant boundary to attenuate the noise. • Provision of earplugs and earmuffs to workers for work in unavoidable noisy operations. • Acoustic housing for DG sets. • The Ambient Noise Levels shall be monitored weekly at major construction sites. In case a source is found making significantly higher noise, immediate action shall be taken to bring down its noise to a tolerable limit.

9.1.7 Water Quality Management

The mitigation measures recommended for water quality management are as follows: • The open drains carrying construction waste-water shall be collected in cemented trenches for reutilization to a greater extent. • Storm water drains shall be constructed for storm water collection into a reservoir, water from which shall be used in construction activities and green belt development. • Soak pit for construction workers/canteen. • The vehicle maintenance area shall be located in such a manner so as to prevent contamination of ground water by accidental spillage of oil. Oil and grease trap shall be provided at equipment maintenance area. • Unauthorized dumping of waste oil shall be prohibited. • Site of deposition of building material wastes shall be cordoned. • Groundwater quality of the site area shall be monitored monthly during the development period.

9.1.8 Ecological Management

In order to prepare the site for the construction work, there might be marginal cleaning of shrubs present at the site. To compensate, proper landscaping and tree plantation activities shall be initiated during construction phase itself. Almost 32%

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(26,000 sq.m.) land has been earmarked for green belt development. Large size species of trees shall be planted at the time of preparation of site. Construction workers shall be provided domestic fuel (kerosene oil) so as to prevent cutting of trees for firewood.

9.1.9 Socio-economic

Any construction activity shall benefit the local population in a number of ways. The project shall generate both direct and indirect employment opportunities. In addition, development of infrastructure in the area, and other secondary developments shall provide ample opportunity to the locals to up-lift their living standards.

9.2 Environment Management Plan during Operation Phase

The impacts of operation phase shall be long term in nature. During operation phase of the proposed project, pollution impacts are envisaged on air, noise, water, socio- economy, land and ecological aspects of the environment. However, in order to ensure predicted impact levels and to further mitigate the impacts wherever possible from proposed project on individual environment components, the environment management plan has been drawn and presented in this chapter. The EMP addresses the matter both from preventive and curative perspectives. The Environment Monitoring Plan (Chapter 6) and constitution of Environment Management Group (EMG) shall be key to ensuring that the environment does not suffer adversely in the long term.

9.2.1 Air Pollution Management

Environment management at the operation stage includes all the steps undertaken at the design stage by the project proponents to meet the statutory requirements and towards minimizing environmental impacts. The design basis for all process units shall lay special emphasis on measures to minimize/control emissions at source. The specific control measures related to air emissions for the proposed MEP are described below. A. Air Quality Management for Source Emissions

• Suitably designed ESP of efficiency 99.9% shall be placed upstream of the stack, which shall separate out the incoming dust in flue gas and limit the dust concentration at its designed outlet concentration of 50 mg/Nm3. Thus the incremental GLC of dust over the area is likely to be within the permissible limit. • For effective dispersion of the pollutants stack height of 35 m has been provided as per CPCB requirements.

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• The boiler procured for the MEP shall have AFBC technology to achieve higher thermal efficiency while utilizing agro wastes viz. paddy husk & bagasse as fuel. • Stack emissions shall be regularly monitored by the EMG/external agencies on regular basis as per Table 6.2 (Environment Monitoring Program during Operation Phase). B. Fugitive Emission Management • The dust generated from the raw material and fuel handling plants shall not be very significant, mostly generated during the unloading operations. However, for suppression of dust emissions adequate water spray system shall be provided at appropriate locations. • The conveyors shall be provided with covers to prevent spillages and leakage of dust. • Fugitive emissions from the ash handling shall be controlled by providing water spray system. • All the internal roads shall be metalled (asphalted) to reduce the emission of dust on the roads due to vehicular movement. Regular periodic cleaning of the roads shall be carried out to prevent the dust getting finer and settling in the ambient air. • All vehicles would be well maintained and their exhausts tested regularly for emission concentration. • Green belt around periphery of the plant and around raw material, fuel and ash handling yard shall be provided. • Other control measures shall include tarpaulin covers on the vehicles carrying raw materials, fuel and ash. C. Thermal Pollution • Adequate insulation shall be provided for the hot surfaces of the digesters and various tanks to control the thermal pollution. • The effect of tall chimney, which shall be installed primarily to take care of the gaseous discharges, would also help in diffusing the thermal pollution load. Due to the high kinetic energy gained by the flue gases issuing from the stack, the effective rise of the plume would ensure discharge of flue gas at a considerably higher stratum ensuring dilution of the gas dispersed leaving the local environment virtually unaffected.

9.2.2 Water Pollution Management

A. Fresh Water

The total additional fresh water requirement for the MEP is estimated at 981 m3/day. Water shall be drawn from existing bore wells at site. Continuous efforts would be made to reduce the water consumption and thereby to reduce the wastewater generation. Flow meters would be installed at the bore wells and the flow rates would

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be continuously monitored. Periodic water audits would be conducted to explore the possibilities for minimization of water consumption. An application seeking permission from the Central Ground Water Authority for the extraction of ground water has been submitted. The application has been recommended and forwarded by the Regional Director, CGWB, to the Authority for grant of permission. A copy of the recommendation letter of the Regional Director, CGWB, is enclosed as Annexure 2.8. B. Waste-Water Treatment, Recycle and Re-Use

Fresh water is utilized in various processes of the plant, mainly the paper machine and pulping sections. Corresponding to these fresh water consumptions, effluents are generated in these processes, which contain chemicals and fiber. A large percentage of these effluents are extensively recycled in the process, i.e. the paper machine backwater is reused in the pulping section. The balance is treated in the ETP. Wastewater is also generated from sanitary & domestic blocks, mainly the residential colony, boiler blow down, water softening plant regeneration and other miscellaneous sources. The wastewaters produced is about 90% of the quantity of water consumed, have substantial pollution loads and require to be treated to conform to the specified regulatory standards before their disposal on land or streams. The existing effluent treatment plant of the mill based on activated sludge process shall be augmented to treat the process effluents generated post-project as per the ETP scheme attached as Annexure 2.7. The existing units shall be modified as required for incorporation in the new ETP scheme. The treated effluent shall be of a quality suitable for discharge into streams. The modifications for more effective performance include diffused aeration as also the tertiary treatment through duel media filter. A part quantity of the treated effluent is reused. The treated effluent is utilized in wet washing of straw, fire sprinkler system as well as dust suppression wherever required. Water is also needed for gardening and plantations. The requirement of the water needed for gardening and plantations is also met by the fully treated effluent. Treatment of the wastewater generated from sanitary & domestic blocks, will remain same as per the existing practice. The chemical recovery plant has been installed to incinerate the highly polluting non- biodegradable black liquor generated in the pulping process, thus achieving major reduction of polluting load in the effluent. The wastewater streams in the project area shall also be periodically analyzed for flow rate and physical & chemical characteristics to ensure that the treated quality is meeting the stipulated current regulatory norms as given in Table 9.2. Details of waste-water treatment, recycle and re-use scheme is given in Sections 2.2.12 & 2.2.13.

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Table 9.1: Paper Mills- Standards for Liquid Effluents Outfall Parameter Concentration not to Exceed, mg/l (except for pH & temp.) For Discharge into pH 5.5-9.0 Inland Surface Suspended Solids 100 Waters BOD 30 For Disposal on pH 5.5-9.0 Land Suspended Solids 100 BOD 100 Sodium Absorption 26 Ratio

9.2.3 Rainwater Harvesting System

The rainwater harvesting scheme at the plant is divided into two sections, as discussed below. • Scheme for harvesting rainwater from rooftop run-off: Rooftop runoff shall be collected through down pipes and drain network into an underground storage reservoir. This water shall be used for process and others. In case of overflow from the reservoir, it shall be discharged in the Rain Water Harveting pit. • Scheme for harvesting rainwater from paved, green and other areas run-off: Run-off from paved, green and other areas shall be directed into Rain Water Harveting pits (5 proposed) for ground water recharging. The pit design shall ensure oil/grease trap and adequate filtering to eliminate possibility of ground water contamination. Overflow from pits shall be discharged in storm water drain.

Table 9.2: Design Criteria of Rainwater Harvesting Scheme

Total Run- Total Annual off Annual Hourly Hourly Nature of Area Rainfall Coeff Run-off Rainfall Run-off Method of Storage/ Surface (m2) (m3) icient (m3) (m3/hr) (m3/hr) Recharge To underground storage reservoir. To be used for process and others. In case of overflow, to be Roof-top 11975 12574 0.8 10059 419 335 discharged in RWH pit. Paved/Road 5 recharge pits Area 13274 13938 0.6 8363 465 279 proposed. Overflow to Green Belt be discharged in storm & others 56021 58822 0.15 8823 1961 294 water drain. One underground storage reservoir and Total 81270 85334 27245 2844 908 5 recharge pits.

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Note: Annual Rainfall-1.05 m; Intensity of Rainfall- 0.035 m These structures shall facilitate percolation of water into the ground and thus augment the groundwater sources. The size and the locations of rainwater harvesting pits shall be decided during detailed engineering of the project. The rainwater harvesting pit design shall be as per standard specifications. An indicative design is given below:

9.2.4 Noise Pollution Management

In the process, various equipments like diesel generating sets, compressors and other rotating equipment generate significant noise. Manufacturers and suppliers of such equipment shall be asked to provide, where ever possible, the required acoustic enclosures for noise control by adopting appropriate design and state of art technology for fabricating/assembling machines. For the control of noise, proper noise barriers/shields etc shall be provided around the equipment wherever required. Noise from equipment shall be adequately attenuated by providing soundproof enclosure and insulation to minimize the noise level. Recommendations to mitigate higher noise levels areas are as follows:

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• Equipments shall be designed to conform to noise levels prescribed by regulatory authorities. • Provision of acoustic barriers or shelters in noisy workplaces. • Provision of hoods to noise generating equipments like pumps. • Provision of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) such as earplugs, earmuffs to workers working in high noise level areas. • Proper lubrication and housekeeping to avoid excessive noise generation. • Provision of thick greenbelt to attenuate noise levels. • Occupational Health and Safety Administration System shall be developed for evaluation of exposure to noise pollution periodically (yearly) on the concerned staff. This shall be compared with permissible exposure limits and corrective actions taken in accordance. By these measures, it is anticipated that noise levels in the plant shall be maintained within the permissible limits (Annexure 3.5.1).

9.2.5 Solid Waste Management

A. Ash management

Ash is the main solid waste generated in the boiler plant utilizing agro wastes viz. paddy husk and bagasse as fuel. The ash generation scenario of the proposed plant is given below (Table 9.3).

Table 9.3: Ash Generation (post–project) Fuel consumption at full load 8.56 TPH Ash content in fuel (max.) for design 15% Total ash produced. 1.3 TPH Bottom Ash (15%) for design purpose 0.2 TPH Fly Ash (85%) for design purpose 1.1 TPH

Fly ash collected in the APH/ESP hoppers along the flue gas path, shall be automatically and sequentially collected in air locked feeders in dry form in the tractor trolleys for removal to the ash storage yard and utilized for landfills. Low- lying land has been acquired in the neighbouring area (4326 m2) and designated for landfill purpose. Uses of Fly Ash: Fly ash can improve the physical health of the soil. It can serve as a soil modifier and also enhance the water retaining capacity and fertility of the soil. It improves the plants water and nutrient uptake; helps in development of roots and soil binding, stores carbohydrates and oils for use when needed, protects the soil from soil borne diseases and detoxifies contaminated soil. Use of Fly ash in agriculture can increase the yield of cereals, oil seeds, pulses, cotton and sugarcane by 10-15%, vegetables by about 20-25% and root vegetables by 30-40%. Waste lands, degraded lands, saline

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alkaline soils, eroded soils etc., can be successfully reclaimed by fly ash. (Quoted by government owned http://www.bmtpc.org/) Some of the high volume applications of fly ash are for use in paving, building embankments and mine fills. Utilizing fly ash in roads saves top soil, avoids creation of low lying areas, does not deprive the nation of the productivity of top soil and reduces the demand of land for fly ash disposal. B. Solid Wastes other than Ash

The following measures are recommended for management of other solid wastes: • Waste Oil: The use of waste oil in CRP furnace along with diesel shall be explored or else it shall be given to authorized recyclers. It shall be stored in leak proof steel drums with proper identified label. • Municipal Solid Waste: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) shall be transported to the nearest collection facility of the local authority. • ETP Sludge: STP sludge shall be sold to the sun dried board making plants as per the present practice. • Scrap: Scrap from stores and workshop may be generated during operation, which shall be given to recyclers. • The database on solid waste generation such as quantity, quality and treatment/management shall be maintained. With the implementation of above precautionary measures for solid waste disposal, no adverse impact is envisaged on water or soil.

9.2.6 Greenbelt Development

The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the source of pollution and the surrounding areas. The green belt helps to capture the fugitive emission and to attenuate the noise generated apart from improving the aesthetics. Development of green belt and other forms of greenery shall also prevent soil erosion and washing away of topsoil besides helping in stabilizing the functional ecosystem and further to make the climate more conducive and to restore water balance. While making choice of plant species for cultivation in green belts, priority has to be given to the natural factor of climate. It is also presumed that the selected plants shall be grown as per normal horticultural (or forestry) practice and authorities responsible for plantation shall also make sure that adequate provision for watering and protection of the saplings exists at site.

9.2.7 Green Belt Development Plan

Almost 32% (26,000 sq.m.) land has been earmarked for green belt development. Large size species of trees shall be planted at the time of preparation of site. In the proposed greenbelt area approx. 4,000 trees shall be planted with a density of around

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1500 trees/hec. The plantation has already commenced and shall be expanded gradually.

9.2.8 Species for Plantation

Species to be planted shall fulfill the following specific requirements of the area: • Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to ecophysiological conditions; • Rapid growth; • Capacity to endure water stress and climate extremes after initial establishment; • Pleasing appearances; and • Providing shade. Based on the above, the recommended species for greenbelt and plantation are given in Table 9.5.

Table 9.4: Recommended Tree Species for Green Belt S.No Local Names Botanical Narnes 1. Aonla (Emblica officinalis) 2. Arjun Terminalia arjuna 3. Ashok (Polyalthia longifolia) 4. Bargad (Ficus bengalensis) 5. Barhal (Artocarpus lakoocha) 6. Bel (Aegle marmelos) 7. Dhak (Butea monosperma) 8. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis) 9. Gul Mohar (Delonix regia) 10. Gular (Ficus glomerata) 11. Imli Tamarindus indica 12. Jamun (Suzygium cumini) 13. Kathal (Artcarpus heterophyllus) 14. Mahua (Madhulka indica) 15. Neem (Azadirachata indica) 16. Pipal (Ficus religiosa) 17. Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo)

9.3 Environment Management Group (EMG)

An environmental management Group shall be constitituted. The compositions of the EMG and its role and responsibilities have been detailed in Section 6.5. It shall be the overall responsibility of the EMG to oversee and ensure effective implementation of the Environment Management Plan.

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9.4 Environmental Monitoring Program

The Environment Monitoring Program is given in Table 6.2. Besides this monitoring, compliances of all environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from SPCB/MoEF shall be monitored and reported periodically. A well-equipped laboratory with consumable items shall be provided for monitoring of environmental parameters at the site. Alternatively, monitoring can be outsourced to an accredited laboratory.

9.5 Documentation

Documentation is an important step in implementing Environmental Management Plan. All statutory norms should be kept at one place for quick references. All monitoring results shall be documented and stored systematically for easy access and retrieval. The presentation of the results should also be planned. Graphs and diagrams can be used to show the trend in environmental quality or achievement. Documentation shall include: • Major technical information in operation • Organizational Charts • Environmental Monitoring Standards • Environmental and related legislation • Operational Procedure • Monitoring Records • Quality Assurance Plan for Monitoring • Emergency Plans

9.6 Expenditure on Environmental Measures Table 9.5: Cost Provision for Environmental Measures Environmental Control System Cost, Rs. Lacs 1 Vibro screen 5.00 2 ESP (To control dent from boiler) 175.00 3 Silencers of generators to control 2.50 noise 4 Modification in the E.T.P. 30.00 Total: 212.50 Add: Taxes (Excise+CST+Vat): 25.5 Loading/ Unloading/ & Handling: 2.1 Freight/ Octroi: 8.5 Erection & Commissioning: 31.9 Total Capital Cost: 280.50 The annual running cost of the environmental control system is estimated at about 2.5% of the capital cost, i.e. Rs. 7.0 Lacs/Annum.

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CHAPTER TEN

DISCLOSURE OF

CONSULTANT

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Chapter 10 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT FOR EIA STUDY

M/s Rama Shyma Paper Ltd. has engaged M/s Epsilon Projects Pvt. Ltd., having its office at 5th Floor, New Janpath Complex, 9-A Ashok Marg, Hazratganj, Lucknow- 226001, as its consultant for the EIA study. The EPPL team comprised the following personnel for the study: 1. Mr. T.N. Chaturvedi: EIA Coordinator 2. Ms. Saloni Goel: Functional Area Expert 3. Mr. Sanjay Agarwal: Functional Area Expert 4. Dr. Shashank Shekhar Mishra: Functional Area Expert 5. Dr. Shailja Singh: Functional Area Expert 6. Ms. Charu Mittal: Scientist 7. Mr. Ajay Bhatnagar: Computer Analyst For the purpose of monitoring of Baseline Environmental Parameters, Shiva Test House, 6D Extension (Chatterjee Lane), Gardanibagh, Patna (Bihar) was engaged. The samples were collected and analyzed by the laboratory. The laboratory is recognized by MoEF (Annexure 10.1). Baseline data was collected during the post- monsoon period of October to December, 2012 and covered the study area of 10 km radius around the proposed project site.

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CHAPTER ELEVEN

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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Chapter 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

11.1 Project Profile

M/s Rama Shyma Paper Mill (RSPL), commissioned in the year 1995, is an existing paper mill of 70 TPD capacity producing semi-kraft varieties of papers utilizing agro residues, viz. wheat straw, bagasse, sarkanda and waste papers as raw materials. The plant is located 700 m. on the link road to Village Rajau Paraspur/ Bahadurpur Karod, 12-13 km from Bareilly on NH 24 leading to Lucknow. The location is rural setting close to Bareilly, the second largest city in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The unit is a public limited company managed by its Board of Directors with Mr. Dinesh Goyal as Chairman cum Managing Director and the Directors Mr. Abhinav Agarwal and Mr. Paawan Agarwal, who are reputed businessmen having over 15 years of experience in paper mill operations. The unit is an integrated Pulp & Paper Mill having one paper machine with a capacity of producing 23,100 tons per annum (70 TPD) of different varieties of kraft papers. The pulp furnish comprises of 9,900 TPA (30 TPD) of agro residue’ pulp manufacturing blended with recycled waste paper pulp. The company has also set up a chemical recovery plant to recover soda ash from the main pollutant, black liquor, generated during the process of agro residue’ pulping. The recovered soda ash is sold in the market. The chemical recovery plant helps to achieve substantially reduced pollution load in the process effluents discharged. The company has a suitable effluent treatment plant of adequate capacity, to be further augmented as required, to treat effluent to the specified regulatory standards. A part of the treated effluent shall also be recycled in the process.

11.2 The Mill Expansion Plan (MEP)- Salient Features

As mentioned above, the present installed capacity of RSPL is 23,100 TPA with 9,900 TPA of agro pulp manufacturing (70 tons per day including 30 tons per day of agro- pulping), which is proposed to be expanded to 150 tons per day (49,500 TPA) with 100 tons per day (33,000 TPA) of agro pulping. The proposed mill expansion project (MEP) shall help in, • Maintaining the status of the mill as one of the leading players of packaging grade papers in the Indian Pulp and Paper Industry. • Meeting the growing demand for packaging paper products in the country. • With steady increase in input costs and a continuous competition from the new units with better quality products, apart from the threat of dumping from overseas manufacturers, the mill has to find ways and means to meet these

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challenges as also for its continued economically viable operations for sustenance. The product quality shall improve due to higher virgin pulp content in the pulp furnish and the improvement in the pulping process viz. wet washing of the raw material and the chemical recovery shall lead to improvement in productivity and product quality. • The main raw materials used for manufacturing the kraft paper are agricultural residues such as wheat straw & bagasse, which are abundantly available in the area. The gainful utilization of the agro wastes in paper making generates rural incomes and contributes to the well being of the farming community. These gains are to be further extended by the proposed higher production of agro residue’ pulp, which is to increase to 100 TPD from the present 30 TPD. • The higher quantum of utilization of the agro residues in the pulping process, incineration of the black liquor and recovery of soda ash, as well as use of biomass (paddy husk) as fuel shall lead to an eco-friendly process of paper manufacture and reduction of the Carbon Footprint of the operations. • A new paddy husk fired 40 TPH capacity FBC boiler is proposed in the MEP for meeting the steam requirements of the process. For air pollution control, a high efficiency Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) is proposed to minimize the adverse impact of particulate matter emission on the environment. • The estimated total capital outlay for the proposed expansion project is about Rs. 31.25 crores.

11.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

The Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study has been conducted for the purpose of getting Environmental Clearance for the plant expansion. The study addresses the Terms of Reference (TOR) issued to the project proponent by the EAC of MoEF. Baseline environmental scenario was determined by collecting baseline environmental data during the period October 2012-December 2012. This included data from both primary and secondary sources. Impact assessment and identification of mitigation measures was done by superimposing environmental aspects of the proposed expansion on the baseline environmental scenario. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (including Environmental Monitoring Plan) has been drawn up accordingly.

11.3.1 Construction Phase

The construction activities of new installations will not necessitate any displacement of people, cutting of vegetation, etc., as the construction will be carried out within the existing mill premises. This phase does not involve major changes in the terrain.

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11.3.2 Operation Phase

11.3.2.1 Impact on Land Use

The proposed project involving MEP is within the Rama Shyma Paper plant premises and the land use is already categorized under industrial zone. Hence, there will not be any change in the land use pattern in the study area due to the proposed MEP. 11.3.2.2 Impact on Soil Quality

Most of the impacts of the MEP on soils are restricted to the construction phase, which will get stabilized during operational phase. The treated wastewater in the existing Effluent Treatment Plant of 1800 KLD is being utilized for landscaping in the project premises along with other low-end uses. No adverse impact on soil quality had been observed even after continuous discharge of treated wastewater on land as also borne out by the soil quality monitoring. Considering that the quality of the treated mill wastewater after implementation of the proposed MEP would be much improved, no adverse impact of the MEP on soil quality is expected. Over and above it, landscaping will only enhance soil quality. Since agro-waste (rice husk) is to be used as fuel, the ash does not contain any hazardous/toxic materials. Ash from ESP shall be disposed off in landfill, the site for which is designated. Hence, no adverse impact is anticipated due to its disposal. 11.3.2.3 Impact on Topography and Climate

There will not be much cutting and felling required for the proposed project. The additional structures such as extension of industrial shed etc. will be constructed in the existing plant area. No new stack shall be constructed as the existing stacks will be used for the new boiler of the MEP. Thus there will not be any changes in topography or visual impact. The exit temperatures from the stacks will be maintained in the range of 130-1500C by the proposed new high efficiency boiler, which will not have any significant impact on the climate. 11.3.2.4 Impact on Air Quality

The manufacturing process of paper requires large amount of process heat, which is made available in the form of steam. While the additional requirement of electric power for the MEP shall be met through purchase from the state UPPCL grid, for meeting the additional requirement of steam, a new FBC, paddy husk fired, 40 TPH capacity, high efficiency boiler is proposed, the existing two boilers, relatively of lower efficiency, shall be kept as standby. The boiler flue gas contains particulate matter, which is the main source of air pollution from the plant. To clean the flue gases of the suspended particulate matter, a high efficiency electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is proposed as APCS having around 99.9% efficiency with a guaranteed particulate matter emission within 50 mg/Nm3. The existing boiler stack of 2.5 M Dia. and 35 M height above the ground level shall

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be used to minimize the air pollution due to discharge of the flue gases. The recovered fly ash is used as land fill.

In the chemical recovery plant gaseous emissions, mainly comprising of H2O and

CO2, are discharged from the ventury scrubber-cyclone separator system. The impact on ambient air quality is assessed hereunder considering the following: • The air quality impacts have been predicted for the proposed project through modelling assuming that the pollution due to the existing activities has already been covered under baseline environmental monitoring and continue to remain same till the operation of the project. • Site-specific meteorological parameters recorded for winter season viz. wind speed, direction and temperature are used for estimating the short term GLC's. • Fugitive dust emissions generation will be negligible as compared to the stack emissions. Yet, in order to reduce the fugitive emissions, adequate control measures will be taken in the design and operation of the plant. In addition, the existing and proposed afforestation will help in further minimizing the fugitive dust emission from the operation of the mill. • The ambient air quality modeling has indicated an increase in the GLC of maximum 4.8 µg/Nm3 within the study area. When this addition is superimposed on the present ambient air quality the final ambient air quality parameters still remain well within the norms.

Thus, the effect of the particulate matter emissions from the MEP shall not have any significant impact on the ambient air quality in the area. All the air quality parameters shall remain well within the norms. 11.3.2.5 Impact on Water Resources

The net additional fresh water requirement for the MEP is estimated to be only 981 m3/day, which shall be met by ground water abstraction from the existing two bore- wells. The application for the ‘NOC’ for the additional ground water extraction for MEP has already been submitted to the CGWB and the same is in process. The plant is located in the Faridpur development block in District Bareilly. This block falls in the ‘safe’ zone as per CGWB report and the water table has been satisfactory over the years (Section 3.6.1). The plant management has adopted a multi prong approach to reduction in fresh water utilization. On the one hand, extensive recycling of back water has been provided in the process, which has brought the current level of fresh water consumption to 15.2 m3/T paper and shall further reduce it to 13.6 m3/T paper after MEP. On the other hand, harvesting of rain-water, as detailed in Section 9.2.3 is planned, which augment the ground water table. Thus no significant negative impact is envisaged on the water resources of the area.

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11.3.2.6 Impact on Water Quality The major polluting effluent, black liquor, generated in the agro residue’ pulping, is being disposed in the Chemical Recovery Plant of 120 TPD BL solids processing capacity. The Chemical Recovery Plant comprises of Multi-effect 7-body evaporator section with 2 cooling towers, tanks, pumps and pipe work, and Fluidized Bed Reactor of 120 TPD BL Solid burning capacity with all accessories and auxiliaries to treat the black liquor, having about 6-7% solids generated in the pulping process. The black liquor is concentrated firstly in the evaporator and subsequently in the ventury scrubber - cyclone separator system and then incinerated in the Fluidized Bed Reactor. The Caustic Soda in the black liquor is converted into Soda Ash, which is recovered in granule form and sold off. Thus, with the installation of the CRP, the concentrated black liquor is disposed in the CRP to produce soda ash and thus, is prevented from entering the effluent to be treated in the ETP. In the proposed mill expansion, two stage brown stock washing system is included for efficient separation and concentration of black liquor from the pulp and its processing in the CRP to recover soda ash, thereby minimizing black liquor ingress in the effluent and increased efficiency of the treatment of effluent. The remaining effluents, after extensive recycling in the process will be treated in the existing Effluent Treatment Plant to conform to the regulatory standards for discharge into inland surface waters. The effluent treatment plant shall be thoroughly augmented in the MEP for assured adequacy for treatment of the wastewaters generated in the process. A part of the fully treated effluent shall also be utilized in the process. Post-MEP, the net wastewater generation in the mill is estimated to be about 1,500 m3/day. A part of the treated effluent shall be utilized within the plant for plantation and other non-process, non-critical purposes and the remaining effluent shall flow to the Ram Ganga river after traversing a distance of about 25 kms. A substantial part of this distance is traversed by the treated effluent in a concrete pipeline and not allowed to flow on the ground, thus preventing any contamination or pollution. Thus the no adverse effect is foreseen on either the soil or surface or ground water quality in the area. 11.3.2.7 Impact of Effluents on Soil Characteristics

All the areas having potential for black liquor spillage have concrete flooring minimizing the chances for contamination of the soil or ground water due to leaching. The present soil analysis data reveals that all the important parameters like electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio etc continue to remain within the tolerable limits. As mentioned earlier, after the implementation of MEP, the treated wastewater quality will substantially improve. Thus no harmful effect of wastewater is anticipated on the ground water or on soil.

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11.3.2.8 Impact of Solid Wastes on Soil Characteristics

The details of the solid wastes from the proposed MEP have been described in chapter 2. The solid waste from the proposed new paddy husk/ bagasse fired boiler is mainly fly ash, which will continue to be disposed as land fill. The ETP sludge will also continue to be sold off to the board mills as per the current practice. Any additional ETP sludge available will be used after dewatering as manure in landscaping. Most of the impacts of the proposed mill expansion project on soils are restricted to the construction phase, which shall get stabilized during operation phase. The impact on the topsoil shall be confined to the main plant area only. Further, the greenbelt proposed shall have a very positive impact on soil quality. The probable sources of degradation of soil quality shall be mainly due to generation & disposal of ash. The fly ash is disposed for land fill as mentioned earlier. The fly ash generated mainly out of the use of agro waste’ fuel, is devoid of toxic elements, thus having minimal impact on the soil quality. The airborne fugitive dust from the plant is likely to be deposited on the topsoil in the immediate vicinity of the plant boundary. However, the fugitive emissions are only minimal and are likely to be controlled to a great extent through proposed control measures like water sprinkling and development of greenbelt. Hence, no major impact of the solid wastes is envisaged on soil quality of the plant site. 11.3.2.9 Impact on Noise Levels

Any industry in general contains several sources of noise in clusters or single. This clusters/single source may be housed in the enclosures of different dimensions made of different materials or installed in open or under sheds. The different materials imply different attenuation coefficients. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards, the allowable noise level for the workers is 90 dB (A) for 8 hours’ exposure a day. The operators, workers and other personnel working in high noise areas within the plant shall be provided with personal protective measures (PPEs) in the form of ear muffs/ear plugs. In addition, reduction in noise levels in the high noise machinery areas could be achieved by adoption of suitable preventive measures such as suitable enclosures as sound barriers made of appropriate noise absorption material. Further, in addition to the in-plant noise control measures, all the open areas within the plant premises and all along the plant boundary are to be provided with adequate greenbelt to diffuse the noise levels. Thus the impact of the MEP on the noise levels will only be minimal.

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11.3.2.10 Impact on Ecology

The impact on terrestrial ecology is mainly due to emission of SO2. This pollutant at a very low dose acts as atmospheric fertilizer for the vegetation. However, at higher doses, it is injurious to both vegetation as well as animals. In the existing plant as well as the proposed project, appropriate APCS and adequate stack heights have been provided for proper dispersion and control of emissions. Also the agro wastes, viz. paddy husk/ bagasse utilized as fuel in the boiler, have insignificant sulphur content. Therefore, there will be little impact of the stack emissions on the surrounding ecosystem. There are no reserved forests or wildlife sanctuaries in the study area around the proposed site. Also, there exist no notified rare species of flora in the study area. The local species of trees and shrubs existing in the study area shall not be affected by the plant’s activities due to the control of the emissions, as mentioned above. Therefore, the floral environment would not be affected due to proposed plant’s activities. On the other hand, floral environment shall be enhanced by the green belt. Similarly, no wild animals like lion, tiger, elephant or endemic species were reported and in the study area. No faunal species of significance have been observed at the proposed site. The domestic animals of the study area shall not suffer any adverse impact of the proposed plant activities due to the control of the emissions, as mentioned above. As such no impact is envisaged on the faunal environment of the study area due to plant’s activities. Extensive plantation comprising pollutant resistant species is being carried out in and around the project site, which will serve as not only a pollution sink but also as a noise barrier. It is expected that with the adoption of these mitigatory measures, the impact due to operation of the expanded plant will be minimal on the terrestrial ecosystem. 11.3.2.11 Impact on Aquatic Ecology

As mentioned earlier, with the commissioning of the CRP, the mill has attained zero black liquor discharge status by converting black liquor, the main pollutant of the pulping process into Soda-ash. The treated wastewater, conforming to the norms of Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board for inland surface waters, will be partly utilized for irrigation in the green belt. The remaining quantity of the effluent shall be disposed into the river, after traversing a distance of about 25 km, will have little impact on the aquatic ecology. 11.3.2.12 Impact on Demography and Socio-Economics

The positive impacts of the MEP of the plant would begin to be felt with the start-up of the operational activities. The increased utilization of the agro wastes produced in the rural economy, for production of paper, shall result in higher rural incomes and prosperity in the study area. Further, there will be better economic opportunities available in the area due to the increased employment opportunities for the rural youth

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of the area. The socio-economic impacts of the proposed MEP will be manifested in the following manner: • Increase in employment opportunities leading to reduction in out-migration of locals for employment. • Generation of employment in the secondary sectors, which shall include the non-working population of the area. • Improvement in prices of indigenous produce and services benefiting local people. • Improvement in transport, communication and health services. • Businesses outside the project boundary. • Improvement in the basic infrastructure. • Increase in the land prices in the area adjacent to the roads and near the plant due to better accessibility and approach. • Higher duties and taxes shall benefit the state exchequer.

11.3.2.13 Impact on Sensitive Targets

The sensitive targets include Religious and historical places, Archaeological monuments, Scenic areas, Hill resorts, Beach resorts, Health resorts, Estuaries, Biosphere reserves, National Parks and sanctuaries, Natural lakes, swamps, Seismic zone, Tribal settlements, Areas of scientific and geological interests, Defense installations, Border areas (international) and Air Ports. There exist no such targets as mentioned above in the study area around the proposed project site, and as such there shall be no impact on any of the above target due to proposed plant activities. 11.3.2.14 Impact on Human Settlement

The impact of the MEP on human settlements will be varied but not significant. There will be no rehabilitation and resettlement. In addition to the first order employment creation and income generation, there is also second order job and income implications for the host community, termed as multiplier and linkage effects. 11.3.2.15 Impact on Civic Amenities

The impact of economic development on civic amenities will be substantial. The area already has a fair network of roads, communication and provision of amenities like water supply in the village areas. Although the level of existing communications and support services in the area are adequate, proposed project would strengthen these services. The overall impact is considered to be positive. 11.3.2.16 Impact on Health

Impact on health, if any, is primarily due to air pollution i.e. emissions of PM, SO2 and noise generation. Adequate air pollution and noise pollution control measures have been provided to conform to regulatory standards. Employees working in high noise work place would be provided with personal protective devices like ear plugs/ear muffs to ensure that there will not be any adverse impact on human health.

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The plant management has a Health and Accident Insurance Policy for its employees with Star Health and Allied Insurance Company Ltd. (Annexure 7.4). A comprehensive employee health program is planned in accordance with the OSHAs standards (Chapter 7). It shall comprise of periodic monitoring of employee health, maintenance of employee health records, analysis of database, and suitable response plan. The management shall also engage a qualified medical practitioner to form a part of the mill Environment Managament Group (EMG). The environmental management and emergency preparedness plans are proposed to ensure that the probability of undesired events and consequences are greatly reduced and adequate mitigation is provided in case of an emergency.

11.4 Overall Impact Statement

The plant site is basically a land devoid of heavy population. No reserve forest or important historic place is situated at the proposed site or in the vicinity. There exist no notified rare species of flora or fauna in the study area which would be affected due to the plant operation activities. Ground water drawn from the existing bore wells located in the “Safe’ zone shall be used in the process. No new bore well will be constructed for the MEP. Carbon-neutral agro waste fuel fired boiler with high efficiency ESP as APCS has

been provided to limit the quantity and quality of the PM, SO2 & NOx emissions. Adequate control measures shall be adopted for limiting noise within the permissible limits. The effluents generated in the process shall be adequately treated and disposed – black liquor in the CRP and other effluents, treated in the ETP as per the current regulatory norms of the UPPCB – and partly reused resulting in insignificant impact on the surrounding area. Solid Wastes shall be disposed in environment-friendly manner. It is evident from above that the various mitigation measures proposed to be adopted during the construction and operation phase shall limit the scale of environmental impacts to insignificant levels.

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ANNEXURES

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Annexure 2.1

NOC and Compliance Related Documents

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Annexure 2.2 Photographs of Existing and Proposed Plant Area

Milling Section at Paper Mill

Raw Material Yard and Pulping Section

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Existing Plant

Sedicell

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Sedicell

Chemical Recovery Plant

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Chemical Recovery Plant

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Tertiary Treatment at ETP

Approach Road of Paper Mill

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Green Belt under Development

Green Belt under Development

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Annexure 2.3 Recent Monitoring Reports (Treated Effluent, Stacks) by UPPCB

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Annexure 2.4 Manufacturing Process Flow Sheet

WHEAT DIGES STRAW CENTRI CLEANER BLACK LIQUOR TO CLINI CAL RERECOVERY TO LIQUOR BLACK BAGASSE 3-STAGE SAKANDA

WET WASTER PRESSURE SCREEEN WASTE PAPER DIGESTER WIRE PART BLOW TANK PULPER

PRESS PART SCREW PRESS PULPER PIT

H D CLEANER PRE DRYERS POTCHER

DECKER 1 ,2 AND 3 M G CYLENDERS REFINER

BLENDING CHEST POST DRYERS TWIN TURBO WASHER ST 1 STAGE POPE REEL REFINER 24

TWIN TURBO WASHER REWINDERS 2ND STAGE MACHINE CHEST

GODOWN S. R. BOX TWIN TURBO WASHER 3RD STAGE DISPATCH FAN PUMP AGRO CHEST

REFINER 24

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Annexure 2.5

Project Site Layout Plan

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Schematic Flow Sheet of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

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Rama Shyma Papers Ltd. Annexure 2.7 Schematic Diagram of Proposed Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

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Annexure 2.8

Letter of Recommendation to Central Ground Water Authority by RD, CGWB

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Annexure 3.4.1

National Ambient Air Quality Standards S. No. Pollutant Time Concentration in Ambient Air No. Sensitive Methods of Measurements Area Ecologically 1. Sulphur Dioxide Annual* 50 20 -Improved West and Gaeke 3 (SO2) μg/m 24 hours** 80 80 -Ultraviolet fluorescence 2. Nitrogen Dioxide Annual* 40 30 -Modified Jacob & 3 (NO2) μg/m 24 hours** 80 80 Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite) -Chemiluminescence 3. Particulate Matter Annual* 60 60 -Gravimetric (size less than 10 μm) 24 hours** 100 100 -TOEM 3 or PM10 μg/m -Beta attenuation 4. Particulate Matter Annual* 40 40 -Gravimetric (size less than 2.5 24 hours** 60 60 -TOEM 3 μm) or PM2.5 μg/m -Beta attenuation 3 5. Ozone (O3) μg/m 8 hours** 100 100 -UV photometric 1 hours** 180 180 -Chemiluminescence -Chemical method 6. Lead (Pb) μg/m3 Annual* 0.50 0.50 -AAS/ICP method after 24 hours** 1.00 1.00 sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper -ED-XRF using Teflon filter 7. Carbon Monoxide 8 hours** 02 02 Non Dispersive Infrared (CO) mg/m3 1 hours** 04 04 Spectroscopy 8. Ammonia (NH3) Annual* 100 100 -Chemiluminescence μg/m3 400 400 -Indophenol blue method 9. Benzene (C6H6) Annual* 05 05 -Gas chromatography μg/m3 based continuous analyzer -Adsorption and Desorption followed by GC analysis 10. Benzo Pyrene (BaP) Annual* 01 01 -Solvent extraction followed -particulate phase by HPLC/GC analysis only ng/m3 11. Arsenic (As) ng/m3 Annual* 06 06 -AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper 12. Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 Annual* 20 20 -AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper * Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals. ** 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values as applicable shall be compiled with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.

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Annexure 3.5.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise (AAQSRN)

As per Ministry of Environment the limits in the noise levels for various categories of areas are as follows:

S. No. Category of area Limit in dB(A)

Day time Night time

1. Industrial area 75 70 2. Commercial area 65 55 3. Residential area 55 45 4. Silence zone 50 40 Note: (i) Day time is reckoned in between 6 AM and 9 PM (ii) Night time is reckoned in between 10 PM and 6 AM (iii)Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 metres around hospitals, educational institutions, courts, religious places or any other area which is declared as such by the competent authority. (iv) Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority.

Industrial Noise Duration per Day Permissible Noise (in hours) Levels in dB(A) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1.5 102 1 105 1/2 110 1/4 115

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Annexure 3.6.1

DRINKING WATER SPECIFICATIONS: IS: 10500, 1992 (REAFFIRMED 1993) TOLERANCE LIMITS

S. No. Characteristics Unit IS: 10500 Undesirable Effect outside IS: 10500 Requirement Desirable Limit Permissible Limit (Desirable Limit) in absence of Alternate Source

Essential Characteristics 1 PH 6.5 to 8.5 Beyond this range the water will No relaxation effect the mucous membrane and/or water supply system

2 Colour Hazen 5 Above 5, consumer acceptance 25 Units decreases 3 Odour Unobjectionable - - 4 Taste Agreeable - - 5 Turbidity NTU 5 Above 5, consumer acceptance 10 decreases 6 Total hardness (as mg/l 300 Encrustation in water supply structure 600 CaCO3) and adverse effects on domestic use

7 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.3 Beyond this limit taste/appearance are 1 affected, has adverse effect on domestic uses and water supply structures, and promotes iron bacteria

8 Chlorides (as CI) mg/l 250 Beyond this limit taste, corrosion and 1000 palatability are affected

9 Residual Free mg/l, min 0.2 - - Chlorine Desirable Characteristics 10 Dissolved Solids mg/l 500 Beyond this palatability decreases and 2000 may cause gastro-intestinal irritation

11 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 75 Encrustation in water supply structure 200 and adverse effects on domestic use

12 Magnesium (as mg/l 30 - 100 Mg) 13 Copper (as Cu) mg/l 0.05 Astringent taste, discoloration and 1.5 corrosion of pipes, fitting and utensils will be caused beyond this

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14 Manganese (as mg/l 0.1 Beyond this limit taste/appearance are 0.3 Mn) affected, has adverse effect on domestic uses and water supply structure 15 Sulphates (as mg/l 200 Beyond this causes gastro-intestinal 400 SO4) irritation when magnesium or sodium are present

16 Nitrates (as NO3) mg/l 45 Beyond this methanemoglobinemia 100 takes place 17 Fluorides (as F) mg/l 1 Fluoride may be kept as low as 1.5 possible. High Fluoride may cause fluorosis

18 Phenolic mg/l 0.001 Beyond this it may cause 0.002 compounds (as objectionable taste and odour Phenol) 19 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 0.001 Beyond this water becomes toxic No relaxation

20 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l 0.01 Beyond this water becomes toxic No relaxation

21 Selenium (as Se) mg/l 0.01 Beyond this water becomes toxic No relaxation 22 Arsenic (as As) mg/l 0.05 Beyond this water becomes toxic No relaxation 23 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l 0.05 Beyond this water becomes toxic No relaxation

24 Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.05 Beyond this water becomes toxic No relaxation 25 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 5 Beyond this limit it can cause 15 astringent taste and an opalescence in water 26 Anionic mg/l 0.2 Beyond this limit it can cause a light 1 detergents (as froth in water MBAS) 27 Chromium (as mg/l 0.05 May be carcinogenic above this limit No relaxation Cr6+)

28 Polynuclear - - May be carcinogenic - aromatic hydrocarbons (as PAH) 29 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.01 Beyond this limit undesirable taste 0.03 and odour after chlorination takes place 30 Pesticide - Absent Toxic 0.001

31 Gross Alpha Bq/l - - 0.1 activity Gross Beta pci/l - - 1 activity

32 Alkalinity mg/l 200 Beyond this limit taste becomes 600 unpleasant 33 Aluminium (as mg/l 0.03 Cumulative effect is reported to cause 0.2 Al) dementia

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34 Boron mg/l 1 - 5

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Annexure 3.9.1

List of Industries in 10 km Study Area

S. No. Name of Firm S. No. Name of Firm Ram Kumar Agro Products Pvt 1 Amar Alum Pvt Ltd 19 Ltd 2 Amar Sulpha Pvt Ltd 20 Amar Narian Industries 3 Bhagwati Pets India Pvt Ltd 21 SPA Agri Foods Pvt Ltd 4 Bhagwati Veneer Pvt Ltd 22 Shri Raghunanadn Dal Industries 5 Goel Coir Foam P Ltd 23 Joti bricks 6 Grover Foods Pvt Ltd 24 Super bricks 7 Jyoti Bricks 25 Sahani bricks 8 Laxmi Cold Storage 26 Chabra bricks 9 Premier Milk Pvt Ltd 27 Nuri bricks 10 Raj Shree Floor Mills Pvt Ltd 28 Ganga bricks 11 Rama Shyma Papers Ltd 29 Sahani bricks 12 Ratan Cold Storage 30 Laxmi bricks 13 S.K.Wheat 31 Singh bricks 14 SA Timber 32 Sanni bricks 15 Singh Timber 33 Moni bricks 16 Swaroop Agro industries 34 HJA Hazzi bricks 17 Tarun Alum Pvt Ltd 35 AB hazzi bricks 18 Marya Frozen Agro Foods Pvt Ltd

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Annexure 3.9.2

Village-wise Demographic Profile of Study Area

Block Name No. Total Population Age 0-6 S.C. S.T. Literates HH T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F Block Rajau Paraspur 578 3809 2044 1765 819 425 394 806 413 393 0 0 0 1396 986 410 Faridpur Shankarpur 81 484 259 225 102 52 50 308 160 148 0 0 0 177 125 52

Birpur Ilaka Mehtarpur 63 485 265 220 105 56 49 1 1 0 0 0 0 201 130 71 Hardevpur Urf Andharpur 205 1165 626 539 297 145 152 126 64 62 0 0 0 308 244 64

Kamaria Ilaka Jerh 29 200 124 76 43 27 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 50 10

Kesharpur 152 989 541 448 246 130 116 235 127 108 0 0 0 346 235 111 Sathrapur 19 143 80 63 26 14 12 3 2 1 0 0 0 48 39 9

Maganpur 86 548 285 263 99 51 48 15 8 7 0 0 0 167 115 52

Rasuiya 194 1260 665 595 222 105 117 171 85 86 0 0 0 423 343 80

Karanpur Jerh 32 194 106 88 37 22 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 55 21

Megi Nagla 112 594 318 276 115 50 65 112 61 51 0 0 0 155 112 43 Bahanpur 240 1627 837 790 348 176 172 56 32 24 0 0 0 404 308 96

Maksoodanpur 95 95 50 45 24 10 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 28 5

Matiya Nagla 618 618 352 266 109 59 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 296 222 74 Duthaula 567 567 305 262 102 54 48 17 7 10 0 0 0 167 146 21

Aurangabad 895 895 479 416 186 91 95 31 17 14 0 0 0 211 177 34

Sarkara 1270 1270 683 587 332 181 151 391 224 167 0 0 0 479 328 151

Jerh 3415 3415 1831 1584 881 485 396 122 64 58 0 0 0 753 543 210

Sarai Patti Sabdalpur 221 221 112 109 68 30 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 57 11 Dewraniya 674 674 382 292 159 91 68 34 18 16 0 0 0 225 178 47

Kuiyan Khera 299 299 165 134 69 38 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 103 76 27

Kiratpur Parewa 964 964 542 422 185 114 71 355 198 157 0 0 0 318 243 75 Latarpur Patti Karor 731 731 397 334 162 86 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 203 161 42

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Naugawan 2242 2242 1185 1057 545 283 262 120 63 57 0 0 0 602 440 162

Gausganj Sarai 2477 2477 1333 1144 656 339 317 88 52 36 0 0 0 441 341 100

Bilehra 1157 1157 648 509 247 128 119 378 220 158 0 0 0 419 317 102 Jiganiya Harchahar Muhal 1622 1622 846 776 349 162 187 280 151 129 0 0 0 428 327 101

Tigra 206 206 119 87 41 28 13 66 38 28 0 0 0 52 41 11 Saripur 1322 1322 744 578 340 179 161 29 15 14 0 0 0 471 370 101 Mohanpur Taluka Saripur 64 64 39 25 8 4 4 8 6 2 0 0 0 42 30 12 Khanpura 1188 1188 675 513 215 106 109 364 198 166 0 0 0 346 260 86 Longpur 1169 1169 647 522 210 115 95 215 122 93 0 0 0 617 396 221 Fatehpur Majhuawa 1629 1629 836 793 405 193 212 0 0 0 0 0 0 306 227 79 Majhuawa Majra Bilra 431 431 224 207 117 65 52 236 126 110 0 0 0 121 84 37 Dharmpur 822 822 420 402 232 107 125 342 177 165 0 0 0 210 145 65 Tumadiya 524 524 274 250 131 61 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 117 96 21 Khimupura 1307 1307 704 603 289 158 131 44 25 19 0 0 0 446 355 91 Gaj Singhpur 43 299 169 130 59 32 27 60 30 30 0 0 0 47 36 11 Parwata 21 110 58 52 17 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 44 28 Sitarganj 211 1545 876 669 243 140 103 64 31 33 0 0 0 371 281 90 Kishorra 233 1357 771 586 295 166 129 536 302 234 0 0 0 425 310 115 Tanda Sikandarpur 179 1109 607 502 248 129 119 526 286 240 0 0 0 357 260 97 Nawadiya Ashok 61 299 152 147 78 37 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 22 8 Sukhedevpur 31 179 91 88 44 18 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 21 10 Block Bhutah Bhagwatipur Rajaram 163 1187 640 547 237 109 128 47 29 18 0 0 0 328 242 86

Mehtarpur Karor 358 2138 1164 974 433 213 220 134 75 59 0 0 0 601 460 141 Shajanpur Ilaka Mehtarpur 60 326 178 148 79 39 40 12 6 6 0 0 0 89 80 9 Fatehpur 101 568 324 244 126 64 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 69 7 Bhadurpur Karor 166 1042 575 467 251 132 119 119 72 47 0 0 0 329 247 82 Bhojpur Ram Nath 140 973 516 457 242 124 118 0 0 0 0 0 0 244 183 61 Bihari Pur 168 1041 580 461 231 132 99 372 213 159 0 0 0 480 320 160 Bahgulpur 95 903 493 410 189 94 95 85 43 42 0 0 0 213 160 53

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Dalpatpur 105 669 381 288 153 84 69 61 33 28 0 0 0 206 163 43 Harharpur Hazipur 58 422 231 191 119 68 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 116 106 10 Khajuria Shampat 362 2252 1224 1028 392 212 180 476 253 223 0 0 0 1124 781 343 Rampur Sultanpur 7 38 20 18 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 16 11

Jataua 87 551 310 241 88 49 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 105 20

Biku Nagla 27 244 133 111 55 29 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 47 12

Banjaria Ilaka Jeth 59 502 285 217 85 53 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 92 18 Barua Husanpur 121 671 388 283 132 77 55 61 38 23 0 0 0 282 190 92 Nagirampur 209 1323 693 630 299 148 151 375 200 175 0 0 0 474 327 147 Bhawanpur Niamatullah 194 1189 610 579 308 148 160 521 276 245 0 0 0 448 300 148 Bhagwanpur Jihi 128 755 392 363 139 68 71 463 232 231 0 0 0 350 223 127 Mekpur Kala 156 962 510 452 216 110 106 119 63 56 0 0 0 260 189 71 Faiz Nagaar 651 4433 2294 2139 1031 507 524 472 243 229 0 0 0 1346 1012 334 Bhojpur Patti Katra 18 120 70 50 28 16 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 34 10 Jihi 198 1156 634 522 237 136 101 87 48 39 0 0 0 286 208 78 Malahpur 438 3032 1618 1414 634 312 322 162 84 78 0 0 0 957 723 234 Gularia Hazari 108 753 399 354 162 93 69 201 113 88 0 0 0 330 216 114

Singhai Kala 253 1744 931 813 411 227 184 11 6 5 0 0 0 573 414 159

Shora Khurd 77 458 256 202 91 53 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 186 137 49 Udaipur Ganesh Khera 152 998 524 474 217 109 108 67 36 31 0 0 0 244 182 62 Umedpur Bhuta 804 5133 2739 2394 1117 611 506 847 446 401 0 0 0 2315 1570 745 Jadopur Basha 46 339 192 147 81 49 32 121 73 48 0 0 0 155 105 50 Hazipur Khjooria 103 677 372 305 153 87 66 123 70 53 0 0 0 300 199 101 Simra Keshopur 143 954 506 448 168 88 80 105 61 44 0 0 0 469 308 161 Shajanpur Hetram 84 547 279 268 108 46 62 165 88 77 0 0 0 231 163 68 Majhwa Hetram 168 1088 614 474 247 137 110 169 78 91 0 0 0 242 190 52 Khwajgipur 50 303 157 146 67 38 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 43 16 Masora Mohanpur 44 258 138 120 44 19 25 72 44 28 0 0 0 98 67 31 Dalpura 64 420 230 190 86 48 38 101 53 48 0 0 0 165 114 51

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Imalia 58 420 233 187 87 45 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 81 11 Gulab Nagar 137 832 422 410 162 70 92 125 71 54 0 0 0 248 178 70 Khimpura 49 425 216 209 89 44 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 98 72 26 Rampura 81 582 295 287 155 71 84 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 53 11

Kali Nagla 57 377 214 163 79 38 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 108 94 14

Sabdalpur Ilaka Jerh 153 940 501 439 191 95 96 204 108 96 0 0 0 302 239 63

Inayatpur 197 1138 620 518 248 130 118 694 359 335 0 0 0 440 311 129 Pahalu Patti 67 412 237 175 90 47 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 68 17 Padarathpur 176 1235 661 574 276 138 138 10 5 5 0 0 0 259 198 61 Dhakni Rajpuri 739 5002 2653 2349 1113 577 536 611 318 293 0 0 0 1569 1151 418 Charpur 220 1395 745 650 322 155 167 568 303 265 0 0 0 420 302 118 Block Kyara Kareli 1230 7859 4240 3619 1757 936 821 1083 586 497 0 0 0 2590 1802 788

Bukhara 402 2327 1214 1113 462 236 226 464 237 227 0 0 0 1193 767 426

Kandharpur 920 6017 3164 2853 1245 649 596 1305 672 633 0 0 0 2732 1722 1010 Chaneti 422 2560 1358 1202 551 273 278 943 502 441 0 0 0 990 671 319

Chaneta 503 3491 1910 1581 523 265 258 670 363 307 0 0 0 1795 1194 601

Umarsia 522 3576 1927 1649 763 411 352 783 407 376 0 0 0 1216 876 340 Ichoria 118 810 431 379 179 92 87 20 13 7 0 0 0 306 224 82

Bari Nagla 219 1343 720 623 281 150 131 139 79 60 0 0 0 507 358 149

Pargawan 280 1687 943 744 297 156 141 202 118 84 0 0 0 628 452 176

Lakhaura 276 1804 949 855 405 199 206 683 367 316 0 0 0 476 366 110

Dubari 55 367 226 141 78 47 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 53 3 Nabi Nagar 502 3547 1936 1611 754 397 357 369 186 183 0 0 0 814 604 210

Jhingri 28 168 102 66 26 17 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 34 3

Jallapur Ram Dayal 77 451 258 193 105 57 48 22 12 10 0 0 0 99 76 23 Babhia 333 2320 1305 1015 554 289 265 56 32 24 0 0 0 545 409 136

Kiara Ehtmali 175 1109 620 489 240 120 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 52 14

Kiara Mustqil 733 4810 2661 2149 1105 581 524 466 244 222 0 0 0 1311 932 379

Hardua 118 781 421 360 187 93 94 185 106 79 0 0 0 208 145 63

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Manpur Chikitia 605 3863 2103 1760 877 473 404 710 389 321 0 0 0 1169 870 299 Palpur Kamalpur 426 2757 1485 1272 640 319 321 267 137 130 0 0 0 741 598 143 Dharoopur Thakuran 244 1414 773 641 271 145 126 293 163 130 0 0 0 536 400 136 Saidoopur Lashkariganj 520 3341 1823 1518 723 398 325 426 241 185 0 0 0 1160 783 377 Manpur Ahaiyapur 538 3322 1869 1453 685 372 313 322 173 149 0 0 0 1089 836 253 Faridapur Barkalisaheb 90 514 279 235 108 49 59 18 9 9 0 0 0 87 77 10 Jagatpur 27 162 96 66 45 26 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 Hadauria 272 1671 914 757 425 221 204 106 52 54 0 0 0 308 254 54 Simraboripur 236 1477 789 688 256 142 114 159 83 76 0 0 0 931 553 378 Karonda 193 1284 730 554 255 131 124 33 21 12 0 0 0 353 300 53 Paigapur 94 566 298 268 121 63 58 84 44 40 0 0 0 160 116 44 Block Bithri Bhartapur 3 16 10 6 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 7 5 Chainpur Uganpur 121 751 426 325 121 69 52 100 57 43 0 0 0 379 271 108

Dohara 178 1069 584 485 239 138 101 617 347 270 0 0 0 475 329 146 Dogharia 307 1768 968 800 431 242 189 190 105 85 0 0 0 675 454 221

Kacholi 105 609 326 283 122 71 51 213 114 99 0 0 0 286 203 83

Simra Ajooba Begum 122 733 393 340 158 80 78 254 133 121 0 0 0 249 173 76 Khajuria Brahmnan 85 458 245 213 94 44 50 381 205 176 0 0 0 147 106 41

Bhartaul 472 2809 1504 1305 420 233 187 1086 588 498 0 0 0 1727 1043 684

Saidpur Khajuria 939 6728 3623 3105 1349 708 641 46 25 21 0 0 0 1584 1195 389

Mohenpur 2452 14882 7855 7027 2678 1400 1278 1596 859 737 13 7 6 6753 4188 2565

Naryawal 349 2256 1187 1069 458 231 227 195 96 99 0 0 0 1065 659 406 Alampur 80 501 272 229 119 61 58 71 43 28 0 0 0 123 100 23

Gajraula 385 2709 1448 1261 659 348 311 135 77 58 0 0 0 568 393 175

Padarathpur 902 6712 3505 3207 1445 747 698 227 125 102 0 0 0 1641 1147 494 Parsonia 806 5327 2831 2496 1205 646 559 77 40 37 0 0 0 1459 1052 407

Manpuria Delel 289 1779 962 817 442 233 209 141 74 67 0 0 0 543 399 144

Parataspur 246 1532 873 659 309 198 111 472 270 202 0 0 0 668 449 219

Sunderpur 83 466 239 227 81 34 47 122 55 67 0 0 0 282 173 109

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Bhindaulia 488 3070 1619 1451 719 371 348 180 96 84 0 0 0 599 403 196

Gopalpur Nagaria Anoop 215 1243 651 592 254 129 125 339 175 164 0 0 0 549 371 178

Balipur Ahmedpur 121 749 416 333 154 95 59 212 113 99 0 0 0 368 241 127 Kanthri 46 314 184 130 58 38 20 19 10 9 0 0 0 180 125 55

Nawadia Jhada 68 459 245 214 83 46 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 199 121 78

Purnapur 307 1923 1080 843 379 217 162 395 226 169 0 0 0 681 491 190 Taimatpur 50 314 177 137 50 35 15 27 13 14 0 0 0 135 93 42

Kuan Danda Kurmian 116 765 389 376 183 89 94 212 112 100 0 0 0 323 221 102

Bithri Chainpur 684 4251 2212 2039 1007 523 484 677 357 320 0 0 0 1358 958 400

Faridapur Inayat Khan 213 1237 667 570 243 127 116 211 119 92 0 0 0 550 403 147

Urla Jagir 1029 7229 3818 3411 1659 859 800 1266 708 558 0 0 0 1844 1336 508 Tahtajpur 93 559 310 249 134 68 66 5 4 1 0 0 0 140 114 26

Benipur Sadat 160 1079 609 470 198 100 98 536 308 228 0 0 0 339 234 105

Sari Pur 166 1138 632 506 197 116 81 169 98 71 0 0 0 406 283 123 Lilauri 73 404 226 178 90 52 38 50 31 19 0 0 0 124 83 41 Udaipur Jasrathpur 479 3406 1810 1596 847 426 421 359 184 175 0 0 0 576 474 102 Tirkunia 148 968 512 456 234 125 109 77 42 35 0 0 0 375 256 119 Nagipur 103 543 294 249 106 62 44 286 155 131 0 0 0 199 134 65 Bhagwatipur 166 1007 518 489 211 107 104 165 84 81 0 0 0 338 254 84 Kamuan Khurd 39 237 121 116 41 18 23 51 24 27 0 0 0 124 93 31 Kamuan Kalan 116 642 339 303 144 78 66 186 97 89 0 0 0 268 192 76 Tandua 90 489 261 228 132 79 53 447 239 208 0 0 0 136 98 38 Chahar Nagla 5 29 16 13 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 11 3 Manpuria Janki Prasad 71 354 185 169 79 41 38 138 73 65 0 0 0 146 99 47 Meondi Khurd Lalan 443 2913 1575 1338 641 344 297 273 142 131 0 0 0 959 677 282 Amlaunipur 64 476 270 206 61 31 30 37 22 15 0 0 0 225 160 65 Barehpura 3 18 9 9 5 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 5 2 Rajpuri Nawada 166 1110 604 506 218 116 102 0 0 0 0 0 0 492 336 156 Total Faridpur Ward 5981 40115 21238 18877 7994 4163 3831 2837 1500 1337 0 0 0 15331 9534 5797

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Total Bareilly M corp 14345 85569 45024 40545 11490 6070 5420 4205 2178 2027 10 2 8 52249 29526 22723 Total Bareilly (CB) 4651 28038 17433 10605 2946 1590 1356 4130 2110 2020 12 5 7 21590 14687 6903 85359 402383 217502 184881 75785 39803 35982 47119 25132 21987 35 14 21 171760 111917 59843

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Annexure 4.1

Results of Air Quality Dispersion Modelling

Dispersion Modelling of Particulate Matter from Paddy Husk Fired Boilers

January 2013

Project Setup

The air dispersion modelling study was carried out to assess the impact of particulate matters from the proposed 40TPH boiler at M/s Rama Shyma Papers Limited, Bareilly.

The project site is 12 KM from Bareilly located at Rajau Paraspur village of Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh. The surrounding areas are primarily agricultural lands (RURAL) as shown in Figure 1.11.

The proposed boiler will be installed to 28°17'22.77"N, 79°30'11.09"E Rama Shyma Papers Limited meet the requirement Figure 0-1: Location of M/s Rama Shyma Papers Limited, Bareilly of the capacity expansion of the plant. Besides the proposed 40TPH boiler, there are two existing boilers of 8 and 14 TPH respectively. The fuel used to fire these boilers is Paddy Husk.

After the commissioning of the proposed 40TPH boiler, the existing boilers (8 and 14 TPH) will be utilized as standby. Therefore, it is assumed that at a time either 14TPH or 40TPH boilers will be operational. Based on this assumption following two scenarios have been modelled:

Scenario I 40TPH boiler operating alone

Scenario II Both 14 TPH and 40TPH boilers are operating simultaneously (worst case scenario)

1 Screen shot from Google Map

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Dispersion Model Details

The impact of suspended particulate matter on ambient air quality because of the emission from the boilers were modelled using US EPA ISCST3 - Industrial Source Complex – Short Term Model (Version 02035). The ISCST3 model is capable of handling multiple sources, including point, volume, area and open pit source types. However, in the present scope the model was used for point emission (chimney) source type.

Model Input Parameters

Meteorological Data

The hourly measured micro-meteorological parameters (wind direction, wind speed and ambient temperature) were provided by the client for three months through October 2012 to December 2012. There were six days metrological data missing besides some duplicate sets of records. The duplicate sets of data were deleted randomly however; the missing data was treated as per the US EPA “Meteorological Monitoring Guidance for Regulatory Modelling Applications2”.

In addition to the measured meteorological parameters, ISCST3 also required atmospheric stability classes and mixing height data. These additional parameters were estimated or obtained from the secondary sources as discussed in the following paragraph. Atmospheric Stability Classes The required hourly Pasquill – Gifford Stability Classes were determined using Turner’s method and solar isolation as per the provisions described by Central Pollution Control Board3, Delhi. The reference longitude and latitude for the estimation of solar insulation were 79°30'11.09"E and 28°17'22.77"N respectively.

Mixing Height The mixing height information for the above mentioned location was obtained from the mixing height contours publication by India Meteorological Department4.

Important: The analysis of meteorological data reveals that the winds were flowing predominantly from the West and the calm conditions were significantly high throughout the study period. The site specific wind-roses are enclosed as Annexure 1 for reference.

Emission Source Data

The emission source data and the calculations were provided by the client. The summary of the calculation is presented in Table 3-1; see Annexure 2 for detailed calculation.

2 EPA-450/4-87-013. 3 Assessment of Impact of Air Environment: Guidelines for conducting air Quality Modelling, PROBES/70/1997-98 4 Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height and Assimilative Capacity of Atmosphere in India, India Meteorological Department:31-45, New Delhi, 2008

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Table 0-1: Emission Source Details

EXISTING STACK EMISSIONS: PROPOSED STACK EMISSIONS: 14 TPH Boiler 40 TPH Boiler APCS - Wet Scrubber APCS - ESP Flue Gas per kg Fuel (Theoritical), m3: 4.6 Flue Gas per kg Fuel (Theoritical), m3: 4.6 Flue Gas per kg Fuel (70% excess air), m3: 7.82 Flue Gas per kg Fuel (50% excess air), m 6.9 Flue Gas generated per hour, m3/hour: 132,940 Flue Gas generated per hour, m3/hour 234,600 m3/H Stack height, m: 35 Stack height, m: 35 Stack Diameter, m: 2.5 Stack Diameter, m: 2.5 Stack Gas Velocity, mps: 9.72 Stack Gas Velocity, mps: 13.28 Flue Gas Temperature, oC 120 Flue Gas Temperature, oC 140 Maxm. Emission, mg/m3: 150 Maxm. Emission, mg/m3: 50 Total maxm. Emmision, gms/sec: 5.54 Total maxm. Emmision, gms/sec: 3.26

Normally the 14 TPH Boiler is in operation Only one boiler (40 TPH) to operate with both the with 8 TPH Boiler utilized for the CRP. existing boilers (14 TPH & 8 TPH) kept standby.

Note that reduction is particulate emission load in the proposed stack emission. This reduction is primarily because of the particulate load has been calculated based on the revised permissible emission standards as well as the ESP as air pollution control systems.

Modelling Scenarios

As discussed earlier, the following conditions were considered as the worst case scenario while modelling the impact –

Scenario I 40TPH boiler operating alone

Scenario II Both 14 TPH and 40TPH boilers are operating simultaneously (worst case scenario)

Results and Discussions

The softcopy of the model input, output and meteorological files are supplied separately for reference. It was not practical to include these file in the report because of the file lengths.

The modelling results and the respective isopleths are presented in the following paragraphs.

Scenario I

The estimated 24 hourly maximum ground level concentration of PM was 1.3 µg/m3 at approximately 10km in East with respect to plant site. The isopleth of the predicted particulate concentration is shown in Figure 4-1.

Scenario II

The estimated 24 hourly maximum ground level concentration of PM was 4.8 µg/m3 at approximately 10km in East with respect to plant site. The isopleth of the predicted particulate concentration is shown in Figure 4-2.

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8000

6000

4000

2000 r t e e , m

e 0 c n t a s i D -2000

-4000

-6000

-8000

-10000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Distance, meter

Figure 0-1: 24hourly Isopleth of Predicted Particulate Matter Concentration due to emissions from 40TPH Boiler

The comparative summary of the predicted ground level concentrations of particulate matters for both scenarios are given in Table 4-1.

Table 0-1: Scenario Specific Comparative 24hourly GLC of Particulate Matter

Scenarios Predicted GLC, µg/m3

I 1.3

II 4.8

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8000

6000

4000

2000 r t e e m ,

e 0 c n t a s i D -2000

-4000

-6000

-8000

-10000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Distance, meter

Figure 0-2: Cumulative 24hourly Isopleth of Predicted Particulate Matter Concentration due to emissions from both 14 TPH and 40TPH Boilers (Worst Case Scenario)

Conclusions

It is evident from the model results that there may be marginal increase in ambient concentration of particulate matter of the order of 1.3 - 4.8 µg/m³ due to the boiler operations. The impacts of controlled (APCS) emission from the boilers may not cause significant impact the ambient air quality.

Meanwhile, while interpreting the model results, please be advised to consider the background ambient air quality.

It is important to note that the maximum concentrations where observed at distance of approximately 10km from the source. This observation can be related to the high frequency of calm hours and persistent inversion.

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ANNEXURE 1

Emission Calculation Sheet

PRESENT: POST PROJECT:

Paper Production Capacity, TPD: 70 Paper Production Capacity, TPD: 150 Agro Pulp Production Capacity, TPD: 30 Agro Pulp Production Capacity, TPD: 100 Steam Requirement: Steam Requirement: 1 Steam for Paper, TPD: 175 1 Steam for Paper, TPD: 375 @ 2.5 T/T @ 2.5 T/T 2 Steam for Pulp, TPD: 60 2 Steam for Pulp, TPD: 200 @ 2 T/T @ 2 T/T 3 Steam for Chem Prepn., TPD: 35 3 Steam for Chem Prepn., TPD: 75 @ 0.5 T/T @ 0.5 T/T 4 Steam for CRP, TPD: 120 4 Steam for CRP, TPD: 120 5 Losses @5%, TPD: 13.5 5 Losses @5%, TPD: 38.5 TOTAL: 403.5 TPD TOTAL: 808.5 TPD 16.8 33.7 Say, 17 TPH Say, 34 TPH Fuel (Paddy Husk) Requirement: Fuel (Paddy Husk) Requirement: 1 Enthalpy of the Steam (10.5 bar, saturated), kcal/kg: 664 1 Enthalpy of the Steam (10.5 bar, saturated), kcal/kg: 664 2 Enthalpy of the feed water at 60 C, kcal/kg: 60 2 Enthalpy of the feed water at 60 C, kcal/kg: 60 3 Calorific Value of fuel (paddy husk), kcal/kg: 3,000 3 Calorific Value of fuel (paddy husk), kcal/kg: 3,000 4 Boiler efficiency, %: 75 4 Boiler efficiency, %: 80 Paddy Husk requirement, TPH: 4.56 Paddy Husk requirement, TPH: 8.56 Steam/Husk: 3.73 Steam/Husk: 3.97

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Annexure 7.1 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) of Sodium Hydroxide (NAOH)

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Annexure 7.2 PRE-PLACEMENT MEDICAL EXAMINATION FORM

CONFIDENTIAL ENTRY MEDICAL EXAMINATION Rama Shyma Papers Ltd.

I hereby authorize any of the doctors, hospitals or clinics mentioned in this form to provide the Medical Service with copies of all my medical records so that the Organization can take action upon my application for employment.

I certify that the statements made by me in answer to the questions below are, to the best of my knowledge, true, complete and correct. I realize that any incorrect statement or material omission in the medical information form or in any other document required by the Organization renders a staff member liable to termination or dismissal.

Date:(dd/mm/yy) Signature:

Pages 1 and 2 are to be completed by the candidate

FAMILY NAME (IN BLOCK CAPITALS) GIVEN NAMES MAIDEN NAME (FOR WOMEN ONLY) SEX

M F

ADDRESS (STREET, TOWN, DISTRICT OR PROVINCE, COUNTRY) AND TELEPHONE DATE OF BIRTH (day/month/year)

NATIONALITY

POSITION APPLIED FOR (DESCRIBE NATURE OF WORK) TELEPHONE BIRTHPLACE

PRESENT MARITAL STATUS Single

Married DATE : (dd/mm/yy) ……………………. Divorced DATE : (dd/mm/yy) …………………….

DUTY STATION Separated DATE : (dd/mm/yy) ……………………. Widowed DATE : (dd/mm/yy) …………………….

Have you ever undergone a medical examination for any other agency? ______

Have you ever been employed by this company or any other agency? ______If so, please stae when, where and for which organization : ______

FAMILY HISTORY

State of Health Age (if still Age at Have members of your family had the following Relative (If still alive, present state; Yes No Who? alive) death illnesses or disorders? If deceased, cause of death)

Father High Blood Pressure

Mother Heart Disease

Brothers Diabetes

Sisters Tuberculosis

Spouse Asthma

Children Cancer

Epilepsy

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Mental Disorders

Paralysis

TO BE COMPLETED BY THE OFFICIAL REQUESTING TO BE COMPLETED BY THE DIRECTOR THE MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE

Name of the Official : Comments :

Department or Unit :

Date : Date : (dd/mm/yy) Signature:

VERY IMPORTANT : Please indicate the recruiting Agency or Organization:

Each question requires a specific answer (yes, no, date etc.); to leave a blank or draw a line is not sufficient. If the questionnaire is not fully completed and enquires are therefore needed, time may be lost.

1. Have you suffered from any of the following diseases or disorders? Check yes or no. If yes, state the year.

YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO Date Date Date Date Frequent sore Heart and blood Urinary disorder Fainting spells throats vessel disease

Pains in the heart Hay fever Kidney trouble Epilepsy region Asthma Varicose veins Kidney stones Diabetes

Frequent Tuberculosis Back pain Gonorrhoea indigestion

Ulcer of stomach Any other sexually Pneumonia Joint problems or duodenum transmitted disease Pleurisy Jaundice Skin disease Tropical diseases Repeated Gall stones Sleeplessness Amoebic dysentery bronchitis Any nervous or Rheumatic fever Hernia Malaria mental disorder High blood Haemorrhoids Frequent headaches pressure

2. Are you being treated for any condition now? ______Describe : ______

3. Have you ever coughed up blood? ______

4. Have you ever noticed blood in your stools? ______In your urine? ______Give details: ______

5. Have you ever been hospitalized (hospital, clinic, etc.)? ______

Why, where and when? ______

6. Have you ever been absent from work for longer than one month through illness? ______If so, when? ______

And for what illness? ______

7. Have you had any accidents as a result of which you are partially disabled? ______If so, what and when? ______

Do you have any other disability? ______

8. Have you ever consulted a neurologist, a psychiatrist or a psychoanalyst? ______

9. Are you taking any medicine regularly? ______If so, which? ______

10. Have you gained or lost weight during the last three years? ______If so, which? ______

11. Have you ever been refused life insurance? ______If so, state reason: ______

12. Have you ever been refused employment in health grounds? ______If so, state reason: ______

13. Have you ever received or applied for a pension or compensation for any permanent disability? ______Degree? ______

Please give details: ______

14. Have you ever stayed in any other country? ______If so, for how long? ______

15. Have you in the past suffered from any condition which prevented travel by air? ______

16. Do you consider yourself to be in good health? ______Do you have full work capacity? ______

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Rama Shyma Papers Ltd. 17. Do you smoke regularly? Yes No If so, what do you smoke? Cigarettes Pipe Cigars

For how many years have you smoked? ______How much per day? ______

18. Daily consumption of alcoholic beverages: ______

19. Has any doctor or dentist advised you to undergo medical or surgical treatment in the foreseeable future? ______

Give details: ______

20. Give any other significant information concerning your health: ______

______

21. What is your occupation? ______Indicate at least three posts you have occupied: ______

______

22. List any occupational or other hazards to which you have been exposed: ______

______

23. Have you ever been rejected for military service for medical reasons? ______

24. FOR WOMEN Are your periods regular? Yes No | Do you take contraceptive pills? Yes No If so, for how many years have

Are they painful? Yes No | you been doing so? ______Have you ever been treated for a gynecological

Do you have to stay in bed when they come Yes No | complaint? Yes No

If so for how long? ______Date of your last period: ______| If so, which? ______

TO BE COMPLETED BY THE EXAMINING PHYSICIAN

GENERAL APPEARANCE Height: cm. Weight: kg.

Skin: Scalp:

SIGHT, MEASURED VISUAL ACUITY

Gross vision Right Left Pupils: Equal? Regular?

Vision with spectacles Right Left Fundi (if necessary):

Near vision Right Left Colour vision:

With correction Right Left

Right Normal : Sufficient: Insufficient: HEARING (test by Left Normal : Sufficient: Insufficient: whispering) Ear drum Right : Left:

Nose : Pharynx : Teeth : NOSE-MOUTH-NECK Tongue : Tonsils : Thyroid :

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Peripheral arteries

Pulse rate : Auscultation : -carotid :

Rhythm : Blood pressure : -posterior tibial :

Apex beat : Varicose veins : -dorsalis pedis :

Electrocardiogram – Please attach tracing

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RIGHT LEFT Breasts Thorax:

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Spleen:

Abdomen : Hernia:

Liver : Rectal examination:

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NERVOUS SYSTEM Plantar reflexes

- To light: Motor functions : Papillary reflexes: - On accommodation: Sensory functions :

Patellar reflexes : Muscular tonus :

Achilles reflexes: Romberg’s sign :

MENTAL STATE

Appearance: Behaviour:

GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM

Kidneys: Genitals:

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Skull : Upper extremities:

Spine: Lower extremities:

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

CHEST X-RAY (Full size film – Please send the radiologist’s report.)

LABORATORY The results of all the following investigations must be included except where marked “if indicated”.

Urine : Albumin Sugar Microscopic

Haemoglobin : % grams/l Leucocytes :

Blood: Haematocrit : % Differential count (if indicated):

Erythrocytes : Blood sedimentation rate:

Blood chemistry:

Sugar : Urea or creatinine:

Cholesterol : Uric acid :

Serological test for syphilis: Please attach laboratory report

Stool examination:

COMMENTS (Please comment on all the positive answers given by the staff member and summarize the abnormal findings):

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CONCLUSIONS (Please state your opinion on the physical and mental health of the candidate and fitness for the proposed post):

The examining doctor is requested before sending this report to verify that the questionnaire, pages 1 and 2 of this form, has been fully completed by the candidate and that all the results of the investigations required are given on the report. Incomplete reports are a major source of delay in recruitment.

Name of the examining physician (in block capitals): Signature:

Address:

Date: (dd/mm/yy)

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ANNEXURE 7.3 PERIODICAL MEDICAL EXAMINATION FORM

CONFIDENTIAL PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION Rama Shyma Papers Ltd.

For recruitment do not use Periodic Examination Extension Reassignment End of Service this form.

Pages 1 and 2 are to be completed by the staff member

FAMILY NAME (IN BLOCK CAPITALS) GIVEN NAMES MAIDEN NAME (FOR WOMEN ONLY) SEX

M F

ADDRESS (STREET, TOWN, DISTRICT OR PROVINCE, COUNTRY) AND TELEPHONE DATE OF BIRTH (day/month/year)

NATIONALITY

EMPLOYMENT HELD SINCE FAMILY CHANGES SINCE THE LAST EXAMINATION: (MARRIAGE, BIRTHS, DEATHS, DIVORCE; GIVE THE DATES)

YEARS OF SERVICE

DEPARTMENT OR UNIT

OFFICE OR DIVISION/SECTION LAST COMPLETE MEDICAL EXAMINATION

DUTY STATION (CITY AND COUNTRY) Date:(d/m/y) Place:

A. INTERIM HISTORY – Since your last examination:

1. Indicate the illnesses or accidents which you have had, stating their length. Give the place of hospitalization if applicable.

2. Do you consider that your health is altogether satisfactory? If not, for what reason?

3. Have you been examined by: Your own doctor? Yes No A specialist? Yes No If so, when and for what reason?

4. Have you consulted: A neurologist? Yes No A psychiatrist? Yes No A psychoanalyst? Yes No If so, when and for what reason?

5. Are you under medical treatment at present? If so, state treatment followed:

6 Have members of your family had any serious health problems? Yes No If yes, give details:

7. Please give any additional information that might help the examining doctor:

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8. Name and address of your own doctor:

TO BE COMPLETED BY STAFF MEMBER TO BE COMPLETED BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE

Place: Medical Classification: 1a 1b 2a 2b

Date (d/m/y): Comments: Signature:

Date: (d/m/y) Signature:

VERY IMPORTANT: Please indicate the Agency or Organization concerned:

B. PRESENT HEALTH - Each question requires a specific answer (yes, no, date, etc.); to leave a blank or draw a line is not sufficient. If the questionnaire is not fully completed and enquiries are therefore needed, time may be lost.

1. Have you suffered from any of the following diseases or disorders? Check yes or no. If yes, state the year.

YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO Date Date Date Date

Frequent sore Heart and blood Urinary disorder Fainting spells throats vessel disease

Pains in the heart Hay fever Kidney trouble Epilepsy region

Asthma Varicose veins Kidney stones Diabetes

Frequent Tuberculosis Back pain Gonorrhoea indigestion

Ulcer of stomach Any other sexually Pneumonia Joint problems or duodenum transmitted disease

Pleurisy Jaundice Skin disease Tropical diseases

Repeated Gall stones Sleeplessness Amoebic dysentery bronchitis

Any nervous or Rheumatic fever Hernia Malaria mental disorder

C. DAILY HABITS

1. Do you smoke regularly? Yes No

If so, what do you smoke? Cigarettes Pipe Cigars

For how many years have you smoked?

How much per day?

2. Daily consumption of alcoholic beverages:

3. Recreation:

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What kind now?

How often?

D. FOR WOMEN STAFF ONLY

1. Do you take contraceptive pills? Yes No

2. When did you last visit a gynaecologist? For what reason?

3. Any pregnancies since last examination?

4. Date of menopause (if applicable): (d/m/y)

TO BE COMPLETED BY THE EXAMINING PHYSICIAN

GENERAL APPEARANCE Height: cm. Weight: kg.

Skin: Scalp:

SIGHT, MEASURED VISUAL ACUITY

Gross vision Right Left Pupils: Equal? Regular?

Vision with spectacles Right Left Fundi (if necessary):

Near vision Right Left Colour vision:

With correction Right Left

Right Normal : Sufficient: Insufficient: HEARING (test by Left Normal : Sufficient: Insufficient: whispering) Ear drum Right : Left:

Nose : Pharynx : Teeth : NOSE-MOUTH-NECK Tongue : Tonsils : Thyroid :

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Peripheral arteries

Pulse rate : Auscultation : -carotid :

Rhythm : Blood pressure : -posterior tibial :

Apex beat : Varicose veins : -dorsalis pedis :

Electrocardiogram (if indicated or after age of 45) – Please attach tracing

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RIGHT LEFT Breasts Thorax:

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Spleen:

Abdomen : Hernia:

Liver : Rectal examination:

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NERVOUS SYSTEM Plantar reflexes

- To light: Motor functions : Papillary reflexes: - On accommodation: Sensory functions :

Patellar reflexes : Muscular tonus :

Achilles reflexes: Romberg’s sign :

MENTAL STATE

Appearance: Behaviour:

GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM

Kidneys: Genitals:

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Skull : Upper extremities:

Spine: Lower extremities:

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

CHEST X-RAY (Full size film – Please send the radiologist’s report.)

LABORATORY Except by prior agreement, only the investigations mentioned are done at the Organization’s expense.

Urine : Albumin Sugar Microscopic

Haemoglobin : % grams/l Leucocytes :

Blood: Haematocrit : % Differential count (if indicated):

Erythrocytes : Blood sedimentation rate:

Blood chemistry:

Sugar : Urea or creatinine:

Cholesterol : Uric acid :

Serological test for syphilis: (if indicated):

Stool examination (if indicated):

COMMENTS (Please comment on all the positive answers given by the staff member and summarize the abnormal findings):

CONCLUSIONS (Please state your opinion on the physical and mental health of the staff member):

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The examining doctor is requested before sending this report to verify that the questionnaire, pages 1 and 2 of this form, has been fully completed by the staff member and that all the results of the investigations required are given on the report.

Name of the examining physician (in block capitals): Signature:

Address:

Date: (d/m/y)

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Annexure 7.4

Health & Accident Insurance Policy of RSPL Employees

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Annexure 10.1 Gazette Notification for Recognition of Shiva Test House, Patna

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