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Viajes De Un Botánico Sajón Por La Península Ibérica. Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821-1895)

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Viajes De Un Botánico Sajón Por La Península Ibérica. Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821-1895) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268514669 Viajes de un botánico sajón por la Península Ibérica. Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821-1895). Book · January 2001 READS 82 1 author: Juan Antonio Devesa Alcaraz University of Cordoba (Spain) 563 PUBLICATIONS 1,176 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Juan Antonio Devesa Alcaraz Retrieved on: 28 May 2016 Viajes de un botánico sajón por la Península Ibérica HEINRICH MORITZ WILLKOMM (1821-1895)- por J. A. DEVESA & C. VIERA Viajes de un botánico sajón por la Península Ibérica HEINRICH MORITZ WILLKOMM (1821-1895) por JUAN ANTONIO DEVESA ALCARAZ Catedrático de Botánica de la Universidad de Extremadura y MARÍA DEL CARMEN VIERA BENÍTEZ Profesora Titular de Botánica de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Colaborador JORGE OTERO SCHMITT Profesor Asociado de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Cáceres 2001 DEVESA ALCARAZ, Juan Antonio Viajes de un botánico sajón por la Península Ibérica : Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821-1895) / por Juan Antonio Devesa Alcaraz y Maria del Carmen Viera Benítez ; colaborador Jorge Otero Schmitt. — Cáceres: Universidad de Extremadura. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2001 376 pp. ; 17 x 24 cm. ISBN 84-7723-451-5 1. Willkomm, Heinrich Moritz - Biografía. 2. Botánicos – España - Biografías. 3. Via- jes - Siglo 19°. I. Viera Benítez, M a del Carmen. II. Otero Schmitt, Jorge (col.) III. Títu- lo. IV. Universidad de Extremadura, Servicio de Publicaciones. 58(46) 910.4:58(46) © Universidad de Extremadura © Los autores Edita: Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad de Extremadura C/ Pizarro, 8. 10071 Cáceres (España) Tel. 927 24 76 50 - Fax 927 21 30 23 E-Mail: [email protected] http://www.pcid.es/public.httm I.S.B.N.: 84-7723-451-5 Depósito Legal: S. 901-2001 Imprime: Gráficas LOPE Laguna Grande, Parc. 79 (Pol. El Montalvo II) Teléf. 923 19 41 31 37008 SALAMANCA A Desiré Preámbulo Son muchos los botánicos que con su trabajo han contribuido decisiva- mente al conocimiento de la flora vascular de la Península Ibérica. Entre ellos, Heinrich Moritz Willkomm ocupa, sin lugar a dudas, un puesto muy destacado, no sólo por haber explorado en varias ocasiones a lo largo del siglo xtx buena parte del territorio peninsular sino también, por haber plas- mado toda su experiencia y conocimientos en una obra sintética de extraor- dinario valor. Los tres volúmenes del Prodromus Florae hispanicae, que publicó en colaboración con el danés Johan Martin Christian Lange durante el pe- ríodo 1861-1880, sigue constituyendo una obra de consulta obligada para todos los estudiosos de las plantas vasculares españolas y portuguesas; en ella, además, gran número de los taxones recogidos habían sido descritos previamente por el botánico sajón en las muy diversas publicaciones en que dio a conocer sus hallazgos, fruto de las expediciones botánicas por el terri- torio. Willkomm fue una de las personalidades científicas más destacadas de la segunda mitad del siglo xix, no sólo por su actividad botánica sino también por sus importantes contribuciones al conocimiento de la Geografía y en el campo de la Fitopatología. Sin embargo, los detalles sobre su biografía y buena parte de su producción científica en los diversos campos pasa hoy inadvertida a las nuevas generaciones de botánicos y naturalistas, quienes al consultar obras sintéticas de mayor actualidad, no alcanzan a conocer y a valorar en su justa medida la enorme aportación de este incansable viajero y científico. Una reseña sobre su vida y, sobre todo, la descripción de sus fecundos viajes, constituyen el objetivo que hemos pretendido cubrir con este libro. La descripción de sus tres expediciones constituye el núcleo básico de la obra, viajes que se han abordado cronológicamente indicando la ruta efectuada, y atendiendo muy especialmente a la enumeración de las plantas que el botá- nico fue observando o colectando en las distintas zonas que visitó. De esta forma, no sólo queda manifiesto el enorme esfuerzo que hubo de realizar Willkomm, en una época en la que las comunicaciones y la situación social eran realmente difíciles sino que, sobre todo, la información botánica que 10 J. A. DEVESA & M. C. VIERA complementa el relato de los itinerarios constituye una auténtica guía botá- nica del territorio recorrido. La elaboración de este libro ha exigido la recopilación de información dispersa en gran cantidad de libros y de artículos dados a conocer en diver- sas publicaciones periódicas, la mayoría de ellos debidos al mismo Will- komm. La labor de síntesis desarrollada a lo largo de los últimos diez años, junto con las aportaciones de otros autores que previamente habían publica- do datos importantes sobre el botánico sajón y su obra, ha cristalizado en el libro que presentamos al lector. Sin embargo, éste no habría sido posible sin la colaboración desinteresada de numerosos científicos, a quienes deseamos hacer patente nuestro agradecimiento. Entre ellos, muy especialmente al Prof. Dr. Emilio Fernández-Galiano (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), y a los investigadores siguientes: Prof. Dr. Baltasar Cabezudo Artero ( Universidad de Málaga), Prof. Dr. Abilio Fernandes (t, Instituto Botánico, Universidade de Coimbra), Prof. Dr. Matías Mayor López ( Universidad de Oviedo), Prof. Dr. Jaanus Paal (Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tartu), Prof. Dr. F. A. Stafleu (t, University of Utrecht), Prof. Dr. Salvador Tala- vera Lozano ( Universidad de Sevilla), Prof. Dr. Benito Valdés Castrillón ( Uni- versidad de Sevilla), Prof. Dr. Wolfredo Wildpredt ( Universidad de la Laguna), Dr a . Teresa Almeida (Instituto Botánico, Universidade de Coimbra), Dr. U. Braun (Herbarium Martin-Luther-Universitát Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale), Dr. Josep Maria Camarasa (Sociedad Catalana de Historia de la Ciencia y de la Técnica, Barcelona), Dr. Javier Fernández Casas (Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid), Dr. A. González Bueno ( Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Dr. Grof3 (Sáchsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Dresde), Dr. Manuel Laínz Gallo (Colegio de la Inmaculada, Gijón), Dr. Lienert (Der Kanzler, Universitátsarchiv, Dres- de), Dr. Jose E. M. Ormonde (Instituto Botánico, Universidade de Coimbra), Dr. Jorge A. R. Paiva (Instituto Botánico, Universidade de Coimbra), Dr. Fran- a cisco Pelayo (Departamento de Historia de la Ciencia, C. S. I. C.), Dr Ana Ramil Rego ( Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), Dr. V. Rejzlová, (Uni- verzity Karlovy, Praga), Dr. Jacobo Ruiz del Castillo (geólogo e ingeniero de montes, Madrid), Dr a Trinidad Ruiz Téllez ( Universidad de Extremadura), Dr. Hain Tankler (Baer Museum, Tartu), Dr a Rosa Ana Vázquez Ruiz de Ozenda (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), Dr. Kuno Thomasson (Váxtbiologis- ka Institutionen, Uppsala), Dr. Gerald Wiemers (Universitátsarchiv Direktor, Universitát Leipzig), Doris Behnke (Christian-Weise-Bibliothek, Zittau), Ulla Held (Departamento de Defensa, antigua Embajada de España, Bonn), Vicen- te Martínez Tejero (farmacéutico, Zaragoza), Erika Neubert (Technische Univer- sitát Dresden, Abteilung Forswirtschaft-Bibliothek, Tharandt) y Erki Tammiksaar (Baer Museum, Tartu). Finalmente, los autores desean expresar también su agradecimiento a las siguientes instituciones: Botanischer Garten and Botanisches Museum Berlin- Dahlem-Bibliothek, Berlin; Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Ginebra; Facul- VIAJES DE UN BOTÁNICO SAJÓN POR LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA 11 tad de Ciencias Geológicas, Biblioteca, Universidad Complutense, Madrid; Harvard University Library, Massachusetts, U. S. A.; Helsingfors Universitet, Helsingin Yliopisto, Kasvitieteen Laitoskirjasto, Helsinki; Instituto Botánico, Universidade de Coimbra; Instituto J. Almera, C. S. I. C., Biblioteca, Facultad de Geología, Universitat de Barcelona; Instituto José Cornide de Estudios Coruñeses, La Coruña; Instituto Tecnológico y Geominero de España, Biblio- teca, Madrid; Martin-Luther- Universitát Halle-Wittenberg, Universitáts- and Landesbibliothek, Sachsen-Anhalt, Halle (Saaie); Ministério da Agricultura, Pescas e Alimentacáo, Instituto Nacional de Investigacdo Agrária-INIA, Esta- Agronómica Nacional, Biblioteca, Quinta do Marques, Oeiras; Missouri Botanical Garden-Library, St. Louis, Missouri; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Biblioteca, C. S. I. C., Madrid; Museo, Laboratório e Jardim Botá- nico, Instituto Botánico Dr. Júlio Henriques, Universidade de Coimbra; Rat der Stadt Tharandt, Stadtbibliothek, Tharandt; Real Academia de Ciencias, Biblioteca, Madrid; Real Jardín Botánico, Biblioteca, Madrid; The Natural History Museum, General Library, London; The New York Botanical Garden, Library, y Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Monreal del Campo, Teruel. LOS AUTORES Prólogo Saludo complacido, mediante estas líneas, el libro en el que los autores, Juan Antonio Devesa y María del Carmen Viera, nos refieren las andanzas del botánico sajón Mauricio Willkomm por tierras españolas, en el siglo xlx. Si ha existido un autor que haya influido más en la ciencia botánica española y en su posterior desarrollo, ése ha sido, sin duda alguna, Will- komm, que en muchos aspectos de su obra no ha sido del todo reconocido, en parte por haberla escrito siempre en latín o en su idioma, el alemán. Era necesario, pues, conocer con detalle, a partir de sus propios escritos, una parte importante de su vida y su obra, y percibir su visión sobre el paisaje vegetal de nuestro país, para que las jóvenes, y las no tan jóvenes, genera- ciones de botánicos y naturalistas españoles, adquirieran mayor información sobre el
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