Downloaded from Brill.Com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM Via Free Access 182 T

Copy Link

Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access
Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 06:43:08AM via free access

Recommended publications

Sun-Bathing As a Thermo-Regulatory and in Birds

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS SUN-BATHING AS A THERMO- REGULATORY AID IN BIRDS TOM J. CADE Section of Ecology and Systematics Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14850 In their study of the Roadrunner (Gcococcl~x califor- for thermoregulation in cold air without resorting ?o nianus), Ohmart and Lasiewski ( 1971) provided a special sun-bathing posture (Hamilton and Heppner another example of a bird that supplements endo- 1967; Lustick 1969, 1971; Heppner 1970). thermy with absorption of solar radiation at low air Ohmart and Lasiewski never observed their Road- temperatures, but they did not give an entirely runners sun-bathing when the ambient temperature convincing proof of a heliothermic function for sun- was above the birds ’ lower critical temperature, but bathing per se. To do so, they would have to show a many birds do sun-bathe at high ambient tempera- difference between sun-bathing and normally postured tures. I had this fact dramatically brought to my Roadrunners under the same conditions of ambient attention during a visit to the Los Angeles Zoo on temperature and insolation, e.g., a faster rate of 18 August 1969. Shortly after 16:00, the slanting warming from hypothermia or a lower rate of metab- rays of the midafternoon sun began to penetrate olism for sunning birds. Other birds utilize solar through the sides of the roofed aviaries. There was radiation and thereby reduce their energy expenditure a sudden explosion of sun-bathing activity by a wide FIGURE 1A. A e-year old Bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus) sunning in natural light on a hot January after- noon in the austral summer, Pretoria, South Africa, 1966.
Eagle Hill, Kenya: Changes Over 60 Years

Scopus 34: 24–30, January 2015 Eagle Hill, Kenya: changes over 60 years Simon Thomsett Summary Eagle Hill, the study site of the late Leslie Brown, was first surveyed over 60 years ago in 1948. The demise of its eagle population was near-complete less than 50 years later, but significantly, the majority of these losses occurred in the space of a few years in the late 1970s. Unfortunately, human densities and land use changes are poor- ly known, and thus poor correlation can be made between that and eagle declines. Tolerant local attitudes and land use practices certainly played a significant role in protecting the eagles while human populations began to grow. But at a certain point it would seem that changed human attitudes and population density quickly tipped the balance against eagles. Introduction Raptors are useful in qualifying habitat and biodiversity health as they occupy high trophic levels (Sergio et al. 2005), and changes in their density reflect changes in the trophic levels that support them. In Africa, we know that raptors occur in greater diversity and abundance in protected areas such as the Matapos Hills, Zimbabwe (Macdonald & Gargett 1984; Hartley 1993, 1996, 2002 a & b), and Sabi Sand Reserve, South Africa (Simmons 1994). Although critically important, few draw a direct cor- relation between human effects on the environment and raptor diversity and density. The variables to consider are numerous and the conclusions unworkable due to dif- ferent holding-capacities, latitude, land fertility, seasonality, human attitudes, and different tolerances among raptor species to human disturbance. Although the concept of environmental effects caused by humans leading to rap- tor decline is attractive and is used to justify raptor conservation, there is a need for caution in qualifying habitat ‘health’ in association with the quantity of its raptor community.
02 Whole.Pdf

Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. The influence of space and time on the genetic architecture of rail species (Aves: Rallidae) A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Evolutionary Ecology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand JUAN CARLOS GARCIA RAMIREZ 2014 Abstract The main subject of this PhD research is the study of the underlying processes of evolutionary changes that lead to biological diversity. Such processes include those operating within and between populations (population divergence), as well as those operating among species (speciation), above the species level (e.g. genera and families) and the mechanisms that promote these divisions. Fundamental to these processes are the effects of genetic, demographic, geographical, ecological, behavioural and environmental factors on diversification. Rails (Aves: Rallidae) are used as an example to address central questions related to how these biological entities originated, when was that biological diversity generated, and why this biodiversity is distributed as it is. This thesis has been divided into four main chapters/papers for convenience to achieve this aim. In the first chapter, complete mitochondrial genomes and fossil data are used to provide a likely estimated time of rail ecology. I estimated that the origin and diversification of crown group Rallidae was during the Eocene about 40.5 (49–33) Mya with evidence of intrafamiliar diversification from Late Eocene to Miocene time.
Bird List Column A: We Should Encounter (At Least a 90% Chance) Column B: May Encounter (About a 50%-90% Chance) Column C: Possible, but Unlikely (20% – 50% Chance)

THE PHILIPPINES Prospective Bird List Column A: we should encounter (at least a 90% chance) Column B: may encounter (about a 50%-90% chance) Column C: possible, but unlikely (20% – 50% chance) A B C Philippine Megapode (Tabon Scrubfowl) X Megapodius cumingii King Quail X Coturnix chinensis Red Junglefowl X Gallus gallus Palawan Peacock-Pheasant X Polyplectron emphanum Wandering Whistling Duck X Dendrocygna arcuata Eastern Spot-billed Duck X Anas zonorhyncha Philippine Duck X Anas luzonica Garganey X Anas querquedula Little Egret X Egretta garzetta Chinese Egret X Egretta eulophotes Eastern Reef Egret X Egretta sacra Grey Heron X Ardea cinerea Great-billed Heron X Ardea sumatrana Purple Heron X Ardea purpurea Great Egret X Ardea alba Intermediate Egret X Ardea intermedia Cattle Egret X Ardea ibis Javan Pond-Heron X Ardeola speciosa Striated Heron X Butorides striatus Yellow Bittern X Ixobrychus sinensis Von Schrenck's Bittern X Ixobrychus eurhythmus Cinnamon Bittern X Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Black Bittern X Ixobrychus flavicollis Black-crowned Night-Heron X Nycticorax nycticorax Western Osprey X Pandion haliaetus Oriental Honey-Buzzard X Pernis ptilorhynchus Barred Honey-Buzzard X Pernis celebensis Black-winged Kite X Elanus caeruleus Brahminy Kite X Haliastur indus White-bellied Sea-Eagle X Haliaeetus leucogaster Grey-headed Fish-Eagle X Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WINGS ● 1643 N. Alvernon Way Ste. 109 ● Tucson ● AZ ● 85712 ● www.wingsbirds.com
The Gambia: a Taste of Africa, November 2017

Tropical Birding - Trip Report The Gambia: A Taste of Africa, November 2017 A Tropical Birding “Chilled” SET DEPARTURE tour The Gambia A Taste of Africa Just Six Hours Away From The UK November 2017 TOUR LEADERS: Alan Davies and Iain Campbell Report by Alan Davies Photos by Iain Campbell Egyptian Plover. The main target for most people on the tour www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] p.1 Tropical Birding - Trip Report The Gambia: A Taste of Africa, November 2017 Red-throated Bee-eaters We arrived in the capital of The Gambia, Banjul, early evening just as the light was fading. Our flight in from the UK was delayed so no time for any real birding on this first day of our “Chilled Birding Tour”. Our local guide Tijan and our ground crew met us at the airport. We piled into Tijan’s well used minibus as Little Swifts and Yellow-billed Kites flew above us. A short drive took us to our lovely small boutique hotel complete with pool and lovely private gardens, we were going to enjoy staying here. Having settled in we all met up for a pre-dinner drink in the warmth of an African evening. The food was delicious, and we chatted excitedly about the birds that lay ahead on this nine- day trip to The Gambia, the first time in West Africa for all our guests. At first light we were exploring the gardens of the hotel and enjoying the warmth after leaving the chilly UK behind. Both Red-eyed and Laughing Doves were easy to see and a flash of colour announced the arrival of our first Beautiful Sunbird, this tiny gem certainly lived up to its name! A bird flew in landing in a fig tree and again our jaws dropped, a Yellow-crowned Gonolek what a beauty! Shocking red below, black above with a daffodil yellow crown, we were loving Gambian birds already.
Estimations Relative to Birds of Prey in Captivity in the United States of America

ESTIMATIONS RELATIVE TO BIRDS OF PREY IN CAPTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA by Roger Thacker Department of Animal Laboratories The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 Introduction. Counts relating to birds of prey in captivity have been accomplished in some European countries; how- ever, to the knowledge of this author no such information is available in the United States of America. The following paper consistsof data related to this subject collected during 1969-1970 from surveys carried out in many different direc- tions within this country. Methods. In an attempt to obtain as clear a picture as pos- sible, counts were divided into specific areas: Research, Zoo- logical, Falconry, and Pet Holders. It became obvious as the project advanced that in some casesthere was overlap from one area to another; an example of this being a falconer working with a bird both for falconry and research purposes. In some instances such as this, the author has used his own judgment in placing birds in specific categories; in other in- stances received information has been used for this purpose. It has also become clear during this project that a count of "pets" is very difficult to obtain. Lack of interest, non-coop- eration, or no available information from animal sales firms makes the task very difficult, as unfortunately, to obtain a clear dispersal picture it is from such sourcesthat informa- tion must be gleaned. However, data related to the importa- tion of birds' of prey as recorded by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife is included, and it is felt some observa- tions can be made from these figures.
Trade of Threatened Vultures and Other Raptors for Fetish and Bushmeat in West and Central Africa

Trade of threatened vultures and other raptors for fetish and bushmeat in West and Central Africa R. BUIJ,G.NIKOLAUS,R.WHYTOCK,D.J.INGRAM and D . O GADA Abstract Diurnal raptors have declined significantly in Introduction western Africa since the s. To evaluate the impact of traditional medicine and bushmeat trade on raptors, we ex- ildlife is exploited throughout West and Central amined carcasses offered at markets at sites (– stands WAfrica (Martin, ). The trade in bushmeat (wild- per site) in countries in western Africa during –. sourced meat) has been recognized as having a negative im- Black kite Milvus migrans andhoodedvultureNecrosyrtes pact on wildlife populations in forests and savannahs monachus together accounted for %of, carcasses com- (Njiforti, ; Fa et al., ; Lindsey et al., ), and it . prising species. Twenty-seven percent of carcasses were of is estimated billion kg of wild animal meat is traded an- species categorized as Near Threatened, Vulnerable or nually in Central Africa (Wilkie & Carpenter, ). In add- Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Common species were ition to being exploited for bushmeat, many animals are traded more frequently than rarer species, as were species hunted and traded specifically for use in traditional medi- with frequent scavenging behaviour (vs non-scavenging), gen- cine, also known as wudu, juju or fetish (Adeola, ). eralist or savannah habitat use (vs forest), and an Afrotropical The use of wildlife items for the treatment of a range of (vs Palearctic) breeding range. Large Afrotropical vultures physical and mental diseases, or to bring good fortune, were recorded in the highest absolute and relative numbers has been reported in almost every country in West and in Nigeria, whereas in Central Africa, palm-nut vultures Central Africa.
Raptors in the East African Tropics and Western Indian Ocean Islands: State of Ecological Knowledge and Conservation Status

j. RaptorRes. 32(1):28-39 ¸ 1998 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc. RAPTORS IN THE EAST AFRICAN TROPICS AND WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS: STATE OF ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND CONSERVATION STATUS MUNIR VIRANI 1 AND RICHARD T. WATSON ThePeregrine Fund, Inc., 566 WestFlying Hawk Lane, Boise,1D 83709 U.S.A. ABSTRACT.--Fromour reviewof articlespublished on diurnal and nocturnal birds of prey occurringin Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands,we found most of the information on their breeding biology comesfrom subtropicalsouthern Africa. The number of published papers from the eastAfrican tropics declined after 1980 while those from subtropicalsouthern Africa increased.Based on our KnoM- edge Rating Scale (KRS), only 6.3% of breeding raptorsin the eastAfrican tropicsand 13.6% of the raptorsof the Indian Ocean islandscan be consideredWell Known,while the majority,60.8% in main- land east Africa and 72.7% in the Indian Ocean islands, are rated Unknown. Human-caused habitat alteration resultingfrom overgrazingby livestockand impactsof cultivationare the main threatsfacing raptors in the east African tropics, while clearing of foreststhrough slash-and-burnmethods is most important in the Indian Ocean islands.We describeconservation recommendations, list priorityspecies for study,and list areasof ecologicalunderstanding that need to be improved. I•y WORDS: Conservation;east Africa; ecology; western Indian Ocean;islands; priorities; raptors; research. Aves rapacesen los tropicos del este de Africa yen islasal oeste del Oc•ano Indico: estado del cono- cimiento eco16gicoy de su conservacitn RESUMEN.--Denuestra recopilacitn de articulospublicados sobre aves rapaces diurnas y nocturnasque se encuentran en Africa yen las islasal oeste del Octano Indico, encontramosque la mayoriade la informaci6n sobre aves rapacesresidentes se origina en la regi6n subtropical del sur de Africa.
“CHAPUNGU: Nature, Man, and Myth” April 28 Through October 31, 2007 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

“CHAPUNGU: Nature, Man, and Myth” April 28 through October 31, 2007 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS “Chapungu: Nature, Man, and Myth” presents 23 monumental, hand-carved stone sculptures of people, animals, and creatures of legend created by artists from the African nation of Zimbabwe, many from the Shona tribe. The exhibition illustrates a traditional African family’s attitude and close bond to nature, illustrating their interdependence in an increasingly complex world and fragile environment. How does this exhibition differ from the one the Missouri Botanical Garden hosted in 2001? All but one of the sculptures in this exhibition have never been displayed at the Missouri Botanical Garden. “Chapungu: Custom and Legend, A Culture in Stone” made its U.S. debut here in 2001. Two large sculptures from that exhibition were acquired by the Garden: “Protecting the Eggs” by Damian Manuhwa, and the touching “Sole Provider” by Joe Mutasa. Both are located in the Azalea-Rhodendron Garden, near the tram shelter. “Sole Provider” was donated by the people of Zimbabwe and Chapungu Sculpture Park in memory of those who died during the September 11, 2001 tragedy. An opal stone sculpture from the 2001 exhibition – Biggie Kapeta’s “Chief Consults With Chapungu”– returns as a preview piece, installed outside the Ridgway Center in January. Many artists from the 2001 exhibition are represented by other works this time. How do you say Chapungu? What does it mean? Say “Cha-POONG-goo.” Chapungu is a metaphor for the Bateleur Eagle (Terathopius ecaudatus), a powerful bird of prey that can fly up to 300 miles in a day at 30 to 50 miles per hour.
Birds Species in Bonga List

List of Birds observed in Bonga and the surrounding area FAMILY / ORDER LATIN NAME VERNACULAR NAME ORDER PELECANIFORMES Phalacrocorax 1. Phalacrocoracidae africanus Long-tailed Cormorant 2. Anhingidae Anhinga rufa Darter ORDER CICONIIFORMES 3. Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Ardea melanocephala Black-headed Heron 4. Scopidae Scopus umbretta Hamerkop 5. Ciconiidae Ciconia abdimii Abdim’s Stork Ciconia episcopus Wooly -necked stork Ciconia ciconia White Stork Mycteria ibis Yellow -billed stork Bostrychia 6. Threskiornithidae hagedash Hadada Ibis Bostrychia carunculata Wattled Ibis ORDER ANSERIFORMES Alopochen 7. Anatidae aegyptiacus Egyptian Goose Anas sparsa African Black Duck ORDER FALCONIFORMES 8. Accipitridae Milvus aegypticus Yellow -billed Kite Necrosyrtes monachus Hooded Vulture Gyps africanus White -backed Vulture Gyps ruppellii Ruppell’s Vulture Circaetus gallicus Short -toed Snake -eagle Terathopius ecaudatus Bateleur Polyboroides typus African Harrier Hawk Accipiter Red -breasted/Rufous -chested Sparrow rufiventris hawk Accipiter minullus Little Sparrowhawk Buteo augur Augur Buzzard Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle Lophoaetus occipitalis Long-crested Eagle ORDER GALLIFORMES Francolinus 10. Phasianidae squamatus Scaly Francolin FAMILY / ORDER LATIN NAME VERNACULAR NAME Francolinus castaneicollis Chestnut-napped Francolin ORDER GRUIFORMES Balearica 11. Gruidae pavonina Black Crowned Crane Bugeranus carunculatus Wattled crane Ruogetius 12. Rallidae rougetii Rouget’s Rail Podica 13. Heliornithidae senegalensis African Finfoot ORDER CHARADRIIFORMES 14. Scolopacidae Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Tringa hypolucos Common Sandpiper ORDER COLUMBIFORMES 15. Columbidae Columba guinea Speckled Pigeon Columba arquatrix African Olive Pigeon (Rameron Pigeon) Streptopelia lugens Dusky (Pink-breasted) Turtle Dove Streptopelia semitorquata Red-eyed Dove Turtur chalcospilos Emerald-spotted Wood Dove Turtur tympanistria Tambourine Dove ORDER CUCULIFORMES 17. Musophagidae Tauraco leucotis White -cheeked Turaco Centropus 18.
Red List of Bangladesh 2015

Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary Chief National Technical Expert Mohammad Ali Reza Khan Technical Coordinator Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh Country Office 2015 i The designation of geographical entitles in this book and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The biodiversity database and views expressed in this publication are not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Bangladesh Forest Department and The World Bank. This publication has been made possible because of the funding received from The World Bank through Bangladesh Forest Department to implement the subproject entitled ‘Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh’ under the ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ Project. Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office Copyright: © 2015 Bangladesh Forest Department and IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Citation: Of this volume IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+122. ISBN: 978-984-34-0733-7 Publication Assistant: Sheikh Asaduzzaman Design and Printed by: Progressive Printers Pvt.
First Documented Record of Watercock (Gallicrex Cinerea) in Oceania

96 Short note Notornis, 2010, Vol. 57: 96-97 0029-4470 © The Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Inc. SHORT NOTE First documented record of watercock (Gallicrex cinerea) in Oceania DONALD W. BUDEN* Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, College of Micronesia-FSM. P.O. Box 159, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia GLENN MCKINLAY C/-55 Albert Road. Devonport, Auckland, New Zealand The watercock (Gallicrex cinerea) breeds from Pratt et al. (1987) listed this species as hypothetical Pakistan, India, and the Maldive Is east to China, in Palau, based on an unconfirmed sighting by R. P. Korea, Japan (Yaeyama Is), the Russian Far Owen that was mentioned in correspondence from East (Primorskiy Teritory, Bol’shoy Pelis I), the Owen to Pratt. Philippines, and Greater Sunda Is (Brazil 1991; Kosrae (5˚19’N, 162˚59’E; 109 km2; 630 m Mackinnon & Phillipps 1993; Taylor 1996; Coates elevation) is the easternmost island in the Caroline Is & Bishop 1997; Grimmett et al. 1999; Smythies & and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), in the Davison 1999; Strange 2001; Shimba 2007; Mann west-central Pacific Ocean (Fig. 2). The watercock 2008; Nechaev & Gamova 2009). Birds from the was found in a grassy field just outside Utwe northern part of the range regularly migrate to village at the south end of the island. McKinlay as far south as the Lesser Sundas, (Mackinnon & saw it initially the morning of 1 May, once again Phillipps 1993, 2000; Taylor 1996; Taylor & van Perlo during late afternoon (presumably the same bird), 1998; Strange 2001). A few, probably overshooting and once again during mid-afternoon on 2 May their wintering destination, have been recorded before he left the island the following day.