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Puccinia Cnici-Oleracei Em Acmella Uliginosa Na Região Sul Da Bahia

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Puccinia Cnici-Oleracei Em Acmella Uliginosa Na Região Sul Da Bahia Puccinia cnici-oleraceiDIVULGAÇÃO em Acmella uliginosa TÉCNICA na região Sul da Bahia. 31 PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI EM ACMELLA ULIGINOSA NA REGIÃO SUL DA BAHIA C.C. Aparecido1, T.R. Santos2, J.L. Bezerra2 1Instituto Biológico, Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Vegetal, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, CEP 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] RESUMO Acmella uliginosa conhecida popularmente como agrião bravo ou jambú, pertence à família Compositae e é uma planta nativa da África, Ásia-tropical e América do Sul, sendo vastamente distribuída pelo Nordeste brasileiro, bem como na região Amazônica. Suas folhas e flores têm várias aplicações na culinária e farmacologia. Em outubro de 2007, em uma área do Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau/CEPEC (Município de Ilhéus, BA) foram coletadas folhas de A. uliginosa que exibiam manchas circulares, castanhas, contornadas por halo amarelado, com a existência de pústulas na face abaxial, características de fungo pertencente à ordem Pucciniales (ferrugem). Exames micros- cópicos possibilitaram identificar o fungo comoPuccinia cnici-oleracei. Esta espécie havia sido, até 2007/2008, relatada nos Estados do Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. No entanto, este é o primeiro registro do patógeno no Estado da Bahia. A ocorrência de P. cnici-oleracei em A. uliginosa é de interesse especial no Brasil, uma vez que as folhas têm ampla utilização tanto na culinária como na farmacologia, e a presença de patógenos, principalmente foliares, pode prejudicar a planta como um todo e, especialmente, na síntese dos compostos com aplicação famacológica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pucciniales, ferrugem, agrião-bravo, jambú. ABSTRACT PUCCINIA CNICI-OLERACEI ON ACMELLA ULIGINOSA IN SOUTH OF BAHIA, BRAZIL. Acmella uliginosa popularly known as agrião-bravo or jambu belongs to the Compositae family and is native to Africa, Asia and tropical South America, being widely distributed throughout northeastern Brazil and the Amazon region. Its leaves and flowers have various applications in cooking and pharmacology. In October 2007, from an area of the Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau/ CEPEC (Ilheus, BA, Brasil) were collected leaves of A. uliginosa exhibiting circular patches, brown, with pustules on the abaxial surface, characteristics of fungi belonging to Uredinales (rust). Microscopic examination allowed us to identify the fungus as Puccinia cnici-oleracei. This fungus was, until 2007/2008, reported in the states of Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. However, this is the first record of the pathogen in the state of Bahia. The occurrence of P. cnici oleracei on A. uliginosa has a particular interest in Brazil, once the plant has widespread use in both cooking and pharmacology and in the presence of pathogens, especially leaf can damage the plant as a whole, and specialy in the synthesis of the compounds give pharmacological application. KEY WORDS: Pucciniales, rust, Acmella uliginosa. Acmella uliginosa (SW.) Cass., sinonímia Spilan- suculentas, flores liguladas, tubulosas e pequenas, thes uliginosa, conhecida popularmente como agrião corolas de coloração amarelada, heterógama ou bravo ou jambú, pertence à família Asteraceae (= homógama e discoide, pedunculada, terminal ou Compositae). É nativa da África, Ásia-tropical e axilar, usualmente solitária (JSTOR PLANT SCIENCE, América do Sul, sendo vastamente distribuída pelo 2011). Nordeste brasileiro, bem como na região Amazônica. A planta inteira é reivindicada por possuir pro- É uma dicotiledônea herbácea, propagada por priedades medicinais. As flores são mastigadas para sementes, que apresenta porte ereto ou decumbente aliviar dor de dente e as plantas trituradas são usadas com aproximadamente 50 a 80 cm de altura, anual em reumatismo. As folhas também são comidas cruas ou perene, com raízes fasciculadas, folhas opostas e ou como um vegetal, por muitas tribos da Índia. 2Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil. Biológico, São Paulo, v.74, n.1, p.31-33, jan./jun., 2012 32 C.C. Aparecido et al. Suas folhas e flores têm várias aplicações na com paredes lisas, bicelulares, castanhos, levemente culinária e farmacologia, como analgésico local, constrictos no septo, medindo de 26 - 46 x 12 – 20 antifúngico, antisséptico, antiviral, diurético e esti- µm com pedicelos de 14 – 24 µm de comprimento mulante do sistema imunológico devido à presença e 6 – 10 µm de largura. Tais dimensões correspon- de diferentes princípios ativos, como: óleos essen- dem aos relatos existentes em outros trabalhos ciais, saponinas, colina, terpenoides e espilantol, (CUMMINS, 1978). Não foram observados pícnios, uma isobutilamida, entre outros (VASCONCELOS, 2003) écios e uredínios. (PLANTAS QUE CURAM, 2012). As observações realizadas possibilitaram iden- Amostras de A. uliginosa, procedentes de uma área tificar o fungo como pertencente ao gêneroPuccinia do Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau/CEPEC (Município e à espécie P. cnici-oleracei Persoon ex Desmaziéres, de Ilhéus, BA), foram coletadas em outubro de 2007, espécie de ampla distribuição geográfica e que pa- exibindo manchas foliares circulares, castanhas, rasita vários gêneros da família Asteraceae (PARDO- contornadas por halo amarelado, apresentando CARDONA, 2006). pústulas epífilas elevadas na face abaxial das folhas, O gênero Puccinia possui em torno de 4.000 características de fungo pertencente à ordem Pucci- espécies patogênicas a inúmeros hospedeiros niales (= Uredinales). (HAWKSWORTH et al., 1995) e pertence à família Puc- A partir das pústulas foram preparadas lâminas ciniaceae, ordem Pucciniales, classe Teliomycetes e coradas com lactofenol e azul de algodão. As lâminas filo Basidiomycota. Os gênerosPuccinia e Uromyces foram observadas ao microscópio óptico aumento são os patógenos obrigatórios mais importantes da 400x. Os exames laboratoriais foram conduzidos referida família em termos agrícolas e econômicos, no laboratório de Biodiversidade de Fungos do ocorrendo em praticamente todos os continentes, Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau (CEPEC/CEPLAC) no causando sérias perdas em plantios comerciais. Município de Ilhéus, BA, e no Centro de Pesquisa Principalmente, porque a infecção causa intensa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Vegetal, Instituto queda de folhas, o que acaba por refletir no pro- Biológico, São Paulo, SP. cesso fotossintético da planta parasitada (CUMMINS; Ao microscópio óptico observou-se a presença HIRATSUKA, 1983; HAWKSWORTH et al., 1995; AGRIOS, de teliosporos oblongos a elipsoides, pedicelados, 1997; PARDO-CARDONA, 2006). A B C D Fig. 1 – Puccinia cnici-oleracei I. Teliossoros observados sobre a superfície adaxial da folha (A); teliosporos e paráfise (B, C e D). Biológico, São Paulo, v.74, n.1, p.31-33, jan./jun., 2012 Puccinia cnici-oleracei em Acmella uliginosa na região Sul da Bahia. 33 P. cnici-oleracei infecta, pelo menos, 20 gêneros FIGUEIREDO, M.B.; PASSADOR, M.M. Morfologia, de Asteraceae, sendo os principais: Acanthosperma, funções dos soros e variações dos ciclos vitais das fer- Ambrosia, Baccharis, Calea, Eclipta, Eleutherantha, Elvira, -rugens. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, v.75, Emilia, Erigeron, Hymenostephium, n.1, p.117-134, 2008. Melampodium, Milleria, Parthenium, Senecio, Spilanthes, HAWKSWORTH, D.L.; KIRK, P.M.; SUTTON, B.C.; Stenachaenium, Synedrella,Tetranthus, Tridex, PEGLER, D.N. Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi. Verbesina, Wedelia, e Xanthium. É caracterizado como 8.ed. Wallingford: CAB international, 1995. um micro-organismo microcíclico, cosmopolita, com vasto número de sinonímias e, embora possam haver HENNEN, J.F.; HENNEN, M.M.; FIGUEIREDO, M.B. populações dentro dessa espécie de ferrugem, as Índice das Ferrugens (Uredinales) do Brasil. Arquivos do quais são especializadas nas populações dos dife- Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, v.49, p.1-201, 1982. Suple- rentes hospedeiros, em todas as plantas infectadas, mento. o micro-organismo tem a mesma morfologia. Con- vém informar que as muitas sinonímias existentes HENNEN, J.F.; FIGUEIREDO, M.B.; CARVALHO resultam, principalmente, devido ao hospedeiro JÚNIOR, A.A.; HENNEN, P.G. Catalogue of the species sobre o qual o patógeno tenha sido relatado. Os of plant rust fungi (Uredinales) of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de pesquisas. Rio de Janeiro: Jardim Botânico télios são observados na face abaxial das folhas ou do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. 490p. Disponível em: <http:// raramente em ambos os lados (HENNEN et al., 2005). www.jbrj.gov.br/publica/uredinales/index.htm>. Outra característica dessa espécie é a germinação “in Acesso em: dezembro de 2007. situ” de, pelo menos, alguns teliosporos sem período de dormência sendo, por este motivo, chamada de JSTOR PLANT SCIENCE. Taxonomy. 2011. Dispo- “lepto-forma”. Foi relatado, experimentalmente, po- nível em: <http://plants.jstor.org/search?Genus_ pulações da ferrugem obtidas de Emilia e Spilanthes, fld=Acmella&Species_fld=uliginosa>. Acesso em: grande variabilidade na germinação dos teliosporos dezembro de 2011. ao longo do tempo. Essa espécie havia sido, até 2007/2008, relatada MENDES, M.A.S.; SILVA, V.L.; DIANESE, J.C. Fungos nos Estados do Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Minas em plantas no Brasil. Brasília: Embrapa, 1998. 569p. Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo PARDO-CARDONA, V.M. Uredinales de plantas cul- (HENNEN et al., 2005) (EMBRAPA, 2012), sendo este, no tivadas de interes floral em Colombia.Revista Facultad entanto, o primeiro registro do patógeno
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