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Rosh Chodesh Lunch N' Learn Tisha B'av 5779

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Rosh Chodesh Lunch N' Learn Tisha B'av 5779 Rosh Chodesh Lunch N’ Learn Tisha B'Av 5779 Abby Lerner תהילים קל״ז Psalms 137 (א) ַע֥ל ַנֲהר֨וֹת ׀ ָבֶּב֗ל ָשׁ֣ם יַָ֭שְׁבנוּ ַגּם־ָבִּכ֑ינוּ By the rivers of Babylon, there we (1) ְבָּ֝זְכֵר֗נוּ ֶאת־ִציּֽוֹן׃ (ב) ַֽעל־ֲעָרִב֥ים ְבּתוָֹכ֑הּ sat, sat and wept, as we thought of ָתִּ֝ל֗ינוּ ִכּנֹּרוֹ ֵֽתינוּ׃ (ג) ִכּ֤י ָשׁ֨ם ְֽשׁ ֵאל֪וּנוּ שׁוֵֹב֡ינוּ Zion. (2) There on the poplars we ִדְּבֵרי־ ִשׁ֭יר וְתוָֹלֵל֣ינוּ ִשְׂמ ָח֑ה ִשׁ֥ירוּ ָל֝֗נוּ ִמ ִשּׁ֥יר hung up our lyres, (3) for our captors ִציּֽוֹן׃ (ד) ֵא֗יְך נָ ִשׁ֥יר ֶאת־ ִשׁיר־יְהוָ֑ה ַע֝֗ל asked us there for songs, our אְַדַמ֥ת נֵָֽכר׃ (ה) ִֽאם־ ֶא ְשָׁכּ ֵחְ֥ך יְֽרוּ ָשִָׁל֗ם tormentors, for amusement, “Sing us ִתּ ְשַׁכּ֥ח יְִמיִנֽי׃ (ו) ִתְּדַבּ֥ק־ְלשׁוִֹנ֨י ׀ ְלִחִכּי֮ one of the songs of Zion.” (4) How ִאם־לֹ֪א ֶאְ֫זְכֵּרִ֥כי ִאם־לֹ֣א אֲַ֭עֶלה ֶאת־יְרוּ ָשַׁלִ֑ם can we sing a song of the LORD on ַע֝֗ל רֹ֣אשׁ ִשְׂמ ָח ִֽתי׃ (ז) ְזכֹ֤ר יְהוָ֨ה ׀ ִלְבנֵ֬י alien soil? (5) If I forget you, O ֱאד֗וֹם ֵאת֮ י֤וֹם יְֽרוּ ָשָׁ֫לִ֥ם ָה֭אְֹ֣מִרים ָע֤רוּ ׀ ָע֑רוּ ;Jerusalem, let my right hand wither ַע֝֗ד ַהיְס֥וֹד ָֽבּהּ׃ (ח) ַבּת־ָבֶּב֗ל ַה ְשּׁד֫וָּד֥ה let my tongue stick to my palate if (6) אַ ְשֵׁר֥י ֶשׁיְ ַשֶׁלּם־ָלְ֑ך ֶאת־ְגּ֝מוֵּלְ֗ך ֶשָׁגַּמְ֥ל ְתּ ָֽלנוּ׃ I cease to think of you, if I do not keep (ט) אַ ְשֵׁר֤י ׀ ֶשׁיֹּא ֵח֓ז וְִנֵפּ֬ץ ֶֽאת־עָֹ֝לַל֗יְִך Jerusalem in memory even at my ֶאל־ַה ָסַּלע׃ happiest hour. (7) Remember, O LORD, against the Edomites the day of Jerusalem’s fall; how they cried, “Strip her, strip her to her very foundations!” (8) Fair Babylon, you predator, a blessing on him who repays you in kind what you have inflicted on us; (9) a blessing on him who seizes your babies and dashes them against the rocks! 1 ברכות ל״א א Berakhot 31a אייתי כסא דמוקרא בת ארבע מאה זוזי He brought a valuable cup worth ותבר קמיהו ואעציבו רב אשי עבד הילולא four hundred ​zuz​ and broke it לבריה חזנהו לרבנן דהוו קא בדחי טובא .before them and they became sad אייתי כסא דזוגיתא חיורתא ותבר קמיהו The Gemara also relates: ​Rav Ashi ואעציבו אמרו ליה רבנן לרב המנונא זוטי made a wedding​ feast ​for his son​ and בהלולא דמר בריה דרבינא לישרי לן מר he saw the Sages, who were אמר להו וי לן דמיתנן וי לן דמיתנן אמרי excessively joyous. ​He brought a cup ליה אנן מה נעני בתרך אמר להו הי תורה of​ extremely valuable ​white glass and והי מצוה דמגנו עלן אמר רבי יוחנן משום broke it before them, ​and they רבי שמעון בן יוחאי אסור לאדם שימלא became sad.​ Similarly, the Gemara ​ שחוק פיו בעולם הזה שנאמר אז ימלא relates: ​The Sages said to Rav שחוק פינו ולשוננו רנה אימתי בזמן Hamnuna Zuti at the wedding​ feast שיאמרו בגוים הגדיל ה׳ לעשות עם אלה of Mar, son of Ravina: Let the אמרו עליו על ריש לקיש שמימיו לא מלא Master sing for us.​ Since he believed שחוק פיו בעולם הזה מכי שמעה מרבי that the merriment had become יוחנן רביה excessive, ​he said to them,​ singing: : Woe unto us, for we shall die, woe unto us, for we shall die. They said to him: What shall we respond after you?​ What is the chorus of the song? He said to them,​ you should respond: Where is Torah and where is mitzva that protect us?​ In a similar vein, Rabbi Yoḥanan said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: One is forbidden to fill his mouth with mirth in this world,​ as long as we are ge’onim in exile (​ ​), ​as it is stated: “When the Lord returns the captivity of Zion we will be as dreamers” (Psalms 126:1). Only ​“then will our mouths fill with laughter and our lips with song”​ (Psalms 126:2). When​ will that joyous era arrive? When ​“they will say among nations, the Lord has done great things with these”​ (Psalms 126:2). ​They said 2 about Reish Lakish that throughout his life he did not fill his mouth with laughter in this world once he heard this​ statement ​from his teacher, Rabbi Yoḥanan. אורח חיים תק״ס Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim א לעשות זכר לחורבן ובו ה סעיפים 560 : ​ ​ ​ ( ) משחרב בית המקדש תקנו חכמים שהיו (1) At the time when the Temple was באותו הדור שאין בונין לעולם בנין מסוייד destroyed, the sages of that generation ומכוייר פי מצוייר כבנין המלכים אלא decreed that one should not paint and [ ' ] טח ביתו בטיט וסד בסיד ומשייר מקום mold one's house like the house of אמה על אמה כנגד הפתח בלא סיד kings, but rather one should plaster והלוקח חצר מסויידת ומכויירת הרי זו one's house with mortar and בחזקת ואין מחייבים אותו לקלוף whitewash it with lime. And one ' בכותלים should leave a place, a square cubit in : ב וכן התקינו שהעורך שלחן לעשות size, opposite the entrance, without ( ) סעודה לאורחים מחסר ממנו מעט ומניח whitewash. And if one acquires a מקום פנוי בלא קערה מן הקערות הראויות painted and molded courtyard, this is לתת שם וכשהאשה עושה תכשיטי הכסף permitted as it is already like that, and והזהב משיירה מין ממיני התכשיט one is not obligated to peel away what שנוהגת בהם כדי שלא יהיה תכשיט שלם is on the walls. וכשהחתן נושא אשה לוקח אפר מקלה (2) And similarly, they decreed that ונותן בראשו במקום הנחת תפילין הגה one who lays a table for guests should : ויש מקומות שנהגו לשבר כוס בשעת leave something missing and leave a חופה או לשום מפה שחורה או שאר דברי place without a bowl (that would have אבלות בראש החתן כל בו וכל אלו been suitable to place there). And . ( ) הדברים כדי לזכור את ירושלים שנא אם when someone makes ' ​ אשכחך ירושלים וגו אם לא אעלה את ornaments/jewellery of silver or gold, ' ירושלים על ראש שמחתי they should leave one missing from : ג וכן גזרו שלא לנגן בכלי שיר וכל מיני the kinds of ornament which are ( ) זמר וכל משמיעי קול של שיר לשמח בהם customary, so the ornament should not : הגה ויש אומרים דוקא מי שרגיל בהם כגון be complete. And when the groom המלכים שעומדים ושוכבים בכלי שיר או marries a woman, take ashes from בבית המשתה טור ואסור לשומעם מפני burnt food and place them on his head, [ ] החורבן ואפי שיר בפה על היין אסורה in the place where the Teffilin rest. ' שנא בשיר לא ישתו יין וכבר נהגו כל Gloss: There are places where they are ' 3 ישראל לומר דברי תשבחות או שיר של accustomed to breaking a cup during הודאות וזכרון חסדי הקדוש ברוך הוא על the wedding ceremony, or placing a היין: הגה וכן לצורך מצוה כגון בבית חתן black cloth or other such items of וכלה הכל שרי [תוס' וסמ"ג והגהות .mourning on the head of the groom מיימוני]: And all these things are in order to (ד) וכן גזרו על עטרות חתנים שלא להניח remember Jerusalem, as it is said, "If I כלל ושלא יניח החתן בראשו שום כליל forget you, Jerusalem...if I do not raise שנא' הסר המצנפת והרם העטרה וכן גזרו up Jerusalem over the height [head] of על עטרות הכלה אם הוא של כסף אבל my joyfulness..." ​[Psalm 137:5-6] של גדיל מותר לכלה ודוקא לחתן וכלה Similarly they decreed not to play (3) אבל בשאר כל אנשים ונשים לא גזרו: music] with instruments, and musical] ה אסור לאדם שימלא פיו שחוק בעולם devices, and all things that make ​ ( ) הזה: music to rejoice with them. There are those who say, [the prohibition is] specifically for those whom they regularly play them, like for kings who stand and rest to instruments or in the house of a feast. (Tur) It is forbidden to make them heard because of the destruction, and even song by mouth over wine is forbidden, as it says: "In song one may not drink wine" (Isiah 24:9). And all of Israel is already accustomed to saying words of praise or songs of thanks and remembering the goodness of the holy one blessed be he over wine. Similarly for the need of a Mitzvah, like for house of a Groom and Bride, all this is permitted. (Tosefot, Smug, and Hagehot Maymoni). ​It is forbidden for a person to fill his mouth with laughter in this world. 4 ירמיהו ט׳:י״ז-י״ט Jeremiah 9:17-19 (יז) וּ ְתַמ ֵהְ֕רנָה וְִת ֶשּׂ֥נָה ָעֵל֖ינוּ נִֶ֑הי וְ ֵתַרְ֤דנָה Let them quickly start a wailing (17) ֵעינֵ֙ינוּ֙ ִדְּמָע֔ה וְַעְפַעֵפּ֖ינוּ יְִזּלוּ־ ָֽמיִם׃ (יח) ִכּ֣י for us, That our eyes may run with ק֥וֹל ְנִה֛י ִנ ְשַׁמ֥ע ִמִצּיּ֖וֹן ֵא֣יְך ֻשָׁדְּ֑דנוּ בְֹּ֤שׁנֽוּ ְמאֹד֙ (tears, Our pupils flow with water. (18 ִֽכּי־ָעַזְ֣בנוּ אֶָ֔רץ ִכּ֥י ִה ְשִׁל֖יכוּ ִמ ְשְׁכּנוֹ ֵֽתינוּ׃ (ס) For the sound of wailing Is heard from יט ִכּי־ ְשַׁמ֤ענָה נָ ִשׁים֙ ְדַּבר־יְהוָ֔ה וְִתקּ֥ח ( ) ֽ ְ ַ Zion: How we are despoiled! How אְָזְנֶכ֖ם ְדַּבר־ִפּ֑יו וְַל ֵמְּ֤דנָה ְבנֽוֹ ֵתיֶכם֙ נִֶ֔הי greatly we are shamed! Ah, we must וְִא ָשּׁ֥ה ְרעוּ ָת֖הּ קינָה׃ leave our land, Abandon our dwellings!​ (19) Hear, O women, the word of the LORD, Let your ears receive the word of His mouth, And teach your daughters wailing, And one another lamentation. איכה א׳:ה׳ Lamentations 1:5 (ה) ָהי֨וּ ָצֶר֤י ָה ְלרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְֶב֣י ָה ָשׁל֔וּ ִֽכּי־יְהוָ֥ה ,Her enemies are now the masters (5) הוָֹג֖הּ ַע֣ל רֹב־ְפּ ָשֶׁע֑י ָה עוָֹלֶל֛י ָה ָהְלכ֥וּ ְשִׁב֖י Her foes are at ease, Because the ִלְפנֵי־ָצר׃ (ס) LORD has afflicted her For her many transgressions; ​Her infants have gone into captivity Before the enemy. איכה ב׳:י״א-י״ב Lamentations 2:11-12 (יא) ָכּל֨וּ ַבְדּ ָמע֤וֹת ֵעיַני֙ ֳחַמְרְמר֣וּ ֵמַע֔י ִנ ְשַׁפְּ֤ך My eyes are spent with tears, My (11) ָלאֶָ֙רץ֙ ְכֵּבִד֔י ַעל־ ֶשֶׁ֖בר ַבּת־ַעִמּ֑י ֵֽבָּע ֵט֤ף עוֵֹלל֙ heart is in tumult, My being melts וְיוֹנֵ֔ק ִבְּרחֹב֖וֹת ִקְריָֽה׃ (ס) (יב) ְלִאמָֹּתם֙ ,away Over the ruin of my poor people יֹֽאְמר֔וּ אַיֵּ֖ה ָדָּג֣ן וָיָ֑יִן ְבִּה ְתַעְטָּפ֤ם ֶכּ ָחָלל֙ ֽ ֽ As babes and sucklings languish In the ִבְּרחֹב֣וֹת ִע֔יר ְבִּה ְשׁ ַתֵּפְּ֣ך ַנְפ ָשׁ֔ם ֶאל־ ֵח֖יק squares of the city.
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