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European Journal of American Studies, 14-1 | 2019 Citizens’ Councils, Conservatism and White Supremacy in Louisiana, 1964-1972 2
European journal of American studies 14-1 | 2019 Special Issue: Race Matters: 1968 as Living History in the Black Freedom Struggle Citizens’ Councils, Conservatism and White Supremacy in Louisiana, 1964-1972 Rebecca Brückmann Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14437 DOI: 10.4000/ejas.14437 ISSN: 1991-9336 Publisher European Association for American Studies Electronic reference Rebecca Brückmann, “Citizens’ Councils, Conservatism and White Supremacy in Louisiana, 1964-1972”, European journal of American studies [Online], 14-1 | 2019, Online since 06 July 2019, connection on 08 July 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14437 ; DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.4000/ejas.14437 This text was automatically generated on 8 July 2021. Creative Commons License Citizens’ Councils, Conservatism and White Supremacy in Louisiana, 1964-1972 1 Citizens’ Councils, Conservatism and White Supremacy in Louisiana, 1964-1972 Rebecca Brückmann 1 “Did you ever see anything like it?” asked The Citizen, the Citizens’ Councils of America’s monthly publication in May 1968. “Within a couple of hours” after Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination on April 4, 1968, “the nation’s Liberal Establishment, official and unofficial,” had “donned sackcloth and ashes and plunged into an orgy of public- breastbeating [sic],” the magazine continued. “Can you imagine any other time in history when a man with the record of MLK could be transformed by the alchemy of propaganda from a real instigator of violence into instant sainthood?” The Citizen opined and concluded that “the wages of integration and ‘black power’ are violence, anarchy and death.”1 The conservative Louisiana newspaper The Shreveport Journal, edited by George Shannon, condemned King’s “senseless, barbaric” murder pro forma, but noted that “the Rev. -
Papers of the Naacp
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 16, Board of Directors File, 1956-1965 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 16, Board of Directors File, 1956-1965 Edited by John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Project Coordinator Randolph Boehm Guide compiled by Randolph Boehm A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway * Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Papers of the NAACP. [microform] Accompanied by printed reel guides. Contents: pt. 1. Meetings of the Board of Directors, records of annual conferences, major speeches, and special reports, 1909-1950 / editorial adviser, August Meier; edited by Mark Fox--pt. 2. Personal correspondence of selected NAACP officials, 1919-1939 / editorial--[etc.]--pt. 19. Youth File. 1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People--Archives. 2. Afro-Americans--Civil Rights--History--20th century--Sources. 3. Afro- Americans--History--1877-1964--Sources. 4. United States--Race relations--Sources. I. Meier, August, 1923- . II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Title. E185.61 [Microfilm] 973'.0496073 86-892185 ISBN 1-55655-546-6 (microfilm: Supplement to pt. 16) Copyright © 1996 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. -
Grassroots Impacts on the Civil Rights Movement
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CGU Theses & Dissertations CGU Student Scholarship Summer 2018 Grassroots Impacts on the Civil Rights Movement: Christian Women Leaders’ Contributions to the Paradigm Shift in the Tactics of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Its Affiliates Wook Jong Lee Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd Part of the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Wook Jong. (2018). Grassroots Impacts on the Civil Rights Movement: Christian Women Leaders’ Contributions to the Paradigm Shift in the Tactics of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Its Affiliates. CGU Theses & Dissertations, 149. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/149. doi: 10.5642/cguetd/149 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the CGU Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in CGU Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Grassroots Impacts on the Civil Rights Movement: Christian Women Leaders’ Contributions to the Paradigm Shift in the Tactics of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Its Affiliates By Wook Jong Lee Claremont Graduate University 2018 © Copyright Wook Jong Lee, 2018 All Rights Reserved ProQuest Number:10844448 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10844448 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2018). -
The Road to Civil Rights Table of Contents
The Road to Civil Rights Table of Contents Introduction Dred Scott vs. Sandford Underground Railroad Introducing Jim Crow The League of American Wheelmen Marshall “Major” Taylor Plessy v. Ferguson William A. Grant Woodrow Wilson The Black Migration Pullman Porters The International Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters The Davis-Bacon Act Adapting Transportation to Jim Crow The 1941 March on Washington World War II – The Alaska Highway World War II – The Red Ball Express The Family Vacation Journey of Reconciliation President Harry S. Truman and Civil Rights South of Freedom Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Too Tired to Move When Rulings Don’t Count Boynton v. Virginia (1960) Freedom Riders Completing the Freedom Ride A Night of Fear Justice in Jackson Waiting for the ICC The ICC Ruling End of a Transition Year Getting to the March on Washington The Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Voting Rights March The Pettus Bridge Across the Bridge The Voting Rights Act of 1965 March Against Fear The Poor People’s Campaign Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Completing the Poor People’s Campaign Bureau of Public Roads – Transition Disadvantaged Business Enterprises Rodney E. Slater – Beyond the Dreams References 1 The Road to Civil Rights By Richard F. Weingroff Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, "Wait." But when . you take a cross country drive and find it necessary to sleep night after night in the uncomfortable corners of your automobile because no motel will accept you . then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait. -
Examining North Carolina A&T Student Activism and Challenges
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2020 "Save our Black schools": Examining North Carolina A&T student activism and challenges towards progressivism in the New South Malika Butler Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Recommended Citation Butler, Malika, ""Save our Black schools": Examining North Carolina A&T student activism and challenges towards progressivism in the New South" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 18101. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/18101 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Save our Black schools”: Examining North Carolina A&T student activism and challenges towards progressivism in the New South by Malika Butler A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Education Program of Study Committee: Erin Doran, Co-major Professor Isaac Gottesman, Co-major Professor Tera Jordan Manali Sheth Rachel Smith The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2020 Copyright © Malika Butler, 2020. All rights reserved. -
The Reverse Freedom Rides of 1962
ªA cheap trafficking in human miseryº: the reverse Freedom Rides of 1962 Article (Published Version) Webb, Clive (2004) “A cheap trafficking in human misery”: the reverse Freedom Rides of 1962. Journal of American Studies, 38 (2). pp. 249-271. ISSN 0021-8758 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/29535/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Journal of American Studies http://journals.cambridge.org/AMS Additional services for Journal of American Studies: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here “A Cheap Trafcking in Human Misery”: The Reverse Freedom Rides of 1962 CLIVE WEBB Journal of American Studies / Volume 38 / Issue 02 / August 2004, pp 249 - 271 DOI: 10.1017/S0021875804008436, Published online: 05 August 2004 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021875804008436 How to cite this article: CLIVE WEBB (2004). -
From Slavery to Civil Rights: on the Streetcars of New Orleans 1830S–Present
From Slavery to Civil Rights LIVERPOOL STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL SLAVERY, 17 From Slavery to Civil Rights On the Streetcars of New Orleans 1830s–Present Hilary Mc Laughlin-Stonham From Slavery to Civil Rights Liverpool University Press First published 2020 by Liverpool University Press 4 Cambridge Street Liverpool L69 7ZU Copyright © 2020 Hilary Mc Laughlin-Stonham The right of Hilary Mc Laughlin-Stonham to be identified as the author of this book has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication data A British Library CIP record is available ISBN 978-1-78962-224-9 hardback ISBN 978-1-80034-855-4 paperback ISBN 978-1-78962-258-4 epdf An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library, having been made possible by the generous support of the LUP Open Access Author Fund. To Matt and Matilda with love, and for Dad and Jeffrey Contents Contents List of Tables viii List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 1 Legal and Social Colour Distinctions in Antebellum Louisiana 21 2 Streetcars and Protest 53 3 The Rise of White Supremacy 83 4 Streetcars and the End of Colour 123 5 Resistance and Compliance 159 6 Conclusion 195 Epilogue 201 Bibliography 207 Index 251 • vii • Tables tables Table 1. -
Abbreviations Used in Notes
Notes Abbreviations Used in Notes APRP A. Philip Randolph Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC ARC Amistad Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA BCP Theophilus Eugene “Bull” Connor Papers, Department of Archives and Manuscripts, Bir- mingham Public Library, Birmingham, AL BMP Burke Marshall Papers, John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, MA BPL Department of Archives and Manuscripts, Birmingham Public Library, Birmingham, AL BRP Bayard Rustin Papers (microfilm) BSCPP Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC CCHP Clarie Collins Harvey Papers, Amistad Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA COREC Congress of Racial Equality Collection, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, Swarthmore, PA COREP Congress of Racial Equality Papers (microfilm) COREPA Congress of Racial Equality Papers, Addendum, 1944–1968 (microfilm) CUOHC Columbia University Oral History Collection, New York, NY FBI-FRI FBI Case Files, Freedom Rider Investigation, Department of Archives and Manuscripts, Birmingham Public Library, Birmingham, AL FORP Fellowship of Reconciliation Papers, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, Swarthmore, PA FUSC Fisk University Special Collections, Nashville, TN ICCR Interstate Commerce Commission Records, Record Group 134, U.S. National Archives II, College Park, MD JFKL John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, MA KMSP Kelly Miller Smith Papers, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN KPA Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers, the Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social Change, Atlanta, GA MLKP Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers, Mugar Library, Boston University, Boston, MA MSCP Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Papers, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson, MS NAACPP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC NTP Norman Thomas Papers, New York Public Library, New York, NY RBOHC Ralph Bunche Oral History Collection, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard Uni- versity, Washington, DC Notes to Pages 1–4 589 RFKP Robert F. -
Papers of the Naacp
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 1, 1961-1965 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 1, 1961-1965 Edited by John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Project Coordinator and Guide Compiled by Randolph Boehm A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway * Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Papers of the NAACP. Supplement to Part 1, 1961-1965 [microform] Accompanied by printed reel guides. Contents: Supplement to Part 1,1951-1955. Supplement to Part 1,1956-1960. Supplement to Part 1,1961-1965. 1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People--Archives. 2. Afro-Americans--Civil Rights--History--20th century--Sources. 3. Afro- Americans--History--1877-1964--Sources. 4. United States--Race relations--Sources. I. Meier, August, 1923- . II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Title. E185.61 [Microfilm] 973'.0496073 87-10644 ISBN 1-55655-542-3 (microfilm) Copyright © 1995 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-542-3. TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note v Note on Sources ix Editorial Note ix Abbreviations xi Reel Index Reel 1 Group III, Series A, Administrative File Group III, Boxes A-26, A-31-A-32 Board of Directors 1 Reel 2 Group III, Series A, Administrative File cont. -
Free to Move? the Law and Politics of Internal Migration in Twentieth-Century America
Free to Move? The Law and Politics of Internal Migration in Twentieth-Century America The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Minoff, Elisa Martia Alvarez. 2013. Free to Move? The Law and Politics of Internal Migration in Twentieth-Century America. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11095954 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Free to Move? The Law and Politics of Internal Migration in Twentieth-Century America A dissertation presented by Elisa Martia Alvarez Minoff to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2013 © 2013 Elisa Martia Alvarez Minoff All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Lizabeth Cohen Elisa Martia Alvarez Minoff Free to Move? The Law and Politics of Internal Migration in Twentieth-Century America Abstract The history of the United States in the mid-twentieth century is, in significant measure, a history of internal migration. Between 1930 and 1970, as national quota laws kept the nation’s foreign-born population at record low levels, the attention of journalists, lawmakers, jurists, social workers, civil rights activists, and the broader public turned to internal migration. The rapid pace of urbanization and the industrialization of agriculture made internal migration a pressing national question and a flashpoint in American politics. -
We Don't Want Another Black Freedom Movement!
“WE DON'T WANT ANOTHER BLACK FREEDOM MOVEMENT!”: AN INQUIRY INTO THE DESIRE FOR NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS BY COMPARING HOW PEOPLE PERCEIVED BOTH THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND THE BLACK POWER MOVEMENT VERSUS THE BLACK LIVES MATTER MOVEMENT Isaiah Hicks A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2020 Committee: Tyler DeWayne Moore, Advisor Thomas Edge © 2020 Isaiah Hicks All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Tyler Dewayne Moore The Civil Rights Era of the 1960s has helped America transcend and grow above its racist past, at least that is what we have been led to believe. However, the past decade has made it all too clear that there is still a deep racial divide within America. Tragic events such as Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown’s death, and the details that surrounded them, were heavily polarized topics that made clear America’s racial divide. Those events also spawned a new movement, the Black Lives Matter Movement, which draws heavily from its predecessors of the past. Due to the current memory of the Civil Rights Movement, Black Lives Matter and its supporters, have and continue to fight an uphill battle against the national media, which has attempted to denounce the new movement and portray it as contrary to American values, much like they have portrayed groups associated with the Black Power Movement. This study explores how people perceived the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power Movement and examines whether that has any relationship with how other movements such as the Black Lives Matter Movement are perceived. -
European Journal of American Studies, 14-1
European journal of American studies 14-1 | 2019 Special Issue: Race Matters: 1968 as Living History in the Black Freedom Struggle Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14226 DOI: 10.4000/ejas.14226 ISSN: 1991-9336 Publisher European Association for American Studies Electronic reference European journal of American studies, 14-1 | 2019, “Special Issue: Race Matters: 1968 as Living History in the Black Freedom Struggle” [Online], Online since 29 March 2019, connection on 08 July 2021. URL: https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14226; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ejas.14226 This text was automatically generated on 8 July 2021. European Journal of American studies 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Race Matters: 1968 as Living History in the Black Freedom Struggle Jorrit van den Berk and Laura Visser-Maessen ‘Free Huey or the Sky’s the Limit’: The Black Panther Party and the Campaign to Free Huey P. Newton Joe Street Black Power on Campus: Challenging the Status Quo in Chicago ‘68 Caroline Rolland-Diamond The Olympic “Revolt” of 1968 and its Lessons for Contemporary African American Athletic Activism Douglas Hartmann The Black Arts Movement Reprise: Television and Black Art in the 21st Century Jeffrey O.G. Ogbar Getting To That Promised Land: Reclaiming Martin Luther King, Jr. and 21st Century Black Activism in the United States and western Europe Laura Visser-Maessen Citizens’ Councils, Conservatism and White Supremacy in Louisiana, 1964-1972 Rebecca Brückmann The Whistles of George Wallace: Gender and Emotions in the 1968 Presidential Campaign Maarten Zwiers European journal of American studies, 14-1 | 2019 2 Race Matters: 1968 as Living History in the Black Freedom Struggle Jorrit van den Berk and Laura Visser-Maessen 1 The social and political movements that rocked the world just over half a century ago touched upon issues so fundamental to contemporary society, culture, and politics that the dust has yet to settle.1 In fact, every generation that followed the year 1968 has looked back to find new lessons, unresolved issues, and enduring legacies.