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Caracoles Terrestres De Galicia, Ii Familia Zonitidae (Gastropoda Pu Lmonata)

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Caracoles Terrestres De Galicia, Ii Familia Zonitidae (Gastropoda Pu Lmonata) 6{. IBERUS,5:63-81, 1985 CARACOLES TERRESTRES DE GALICIA, II FAMILIA ZONITIDAE (GASTROPODA PU LMONATA) LAND SNAILS FROM GALICIA, II. FAMILY ZONITIDAE (GASTROPODA PULMQNATA) José GASTILLEJO (*) RESUMEN La Famllla Zon¡tidae ha s¡dó sübd¡ada porRledel(1 969 y1972) en áreas limltadasde España; general- ücnte en la parte orlental de la Peninsula lbérica, siendo la frontera occldental de sus citas Astur¡as; so- lamcnie una especlc, zonítoides excavatus, es citada por Riedel (1929) en Galieia. Los datos exlstentes eobre eEta Famllia en Galicia se deben a Macho Velado (187O), Hldalgo (1 875), Altlmlra (f 969) y Sacchi y Vlolanl (1 977). Con ost€traba¡o pr6tendemosdara conocerla existencia de dlez Zonftidos en Galic¡e (según la c¡ts¡fl. caclón de Solem, 1978), seis de los cuales (yitr¡na pelluc¡da, Vitrea contracta, Aegopinella nitidula, Retinella incerta, Oxychilus allarius, Oxychilusglaber) son nuevas citas en Galicla, y una especie,Zonitoidesexcavatus, es la segunda vez qu€ se oncuentra en la Penfnsula lbérlca. ABSTRACT The FomllyZonltldae hadwa8stud¡ed by Rlede¡ (1 969 and 1972) ¡n Bomeareasof Spain; ¡n the e¡st part of Psnlnsula lberica generally,Asturlaswasthewest bound of Riedel's datoa; onlyone speclo.,Zonitoides excavalus, le clted by Rledel (1979) ln Gallcla (Spain). The exlstenc dates ln Gallcla about th¡s Family are of Macho Velado (187O), H¡dalgo (1875)' Altlmlra (1 969) and Sacchl y Vlolani (1 977). lnthls paperw€wantto make knowtheexistence of ten Zonlt¡dae ¡n Gallcia accordingtocla$iflcatlon ol Solem (1 978); six of them (Vitrina pellucida, V¡trea contracta, Aegop¡nella nitidula, Retinella incerta, Oxychilus allarius, Oxychitus gtaberl, are news dates ¡n GalScia, and one specie, Zonitoides excavatus,ls the second t¡me ¡s founded in the Pen¡nsu¡a lber¡ca. Palabras clave: Gastropoda, Zonitidae, Caracoles terrestres, Anatomia, España. Key words: Gastropoda, Zonitidae, Land snails, Anatomy, Spain. INTRODUCCION t¿índose los autores, en la mayoría de los casos, a publicar una lista de especies encontradas en Ia zona de estudio. Los primeros trabajos que se realizaron sobre la malacofauna terrestre de Galicia aparecieron La Familia Zonitidae ha sido ampliamentp en el siglo pasado, Graells (1846), Seoane estudiada a nivel mundial por Forcart y Riedel, (1866), Macho Velado (1870, 1878) e Hidalgo dichos autores no consideran incluido en esta ( I 875). En el presente siglo son esporádicas las Familia al Género Vítrea Drapamaud, 1801. recolecciones efectuadaq en Galicia, Altamira En este trabajo se ha seguido la clasificación ( 1 969), Sacchi ( I 97 I ), Sacchi y Violani ( 1 977). dada por Solem (1978) en Fretter y Peake En todos estos trabajos se observa la ausencia de ( 1978) que considera incluido este Género den- esquemas y dibujos con valor específico, limi- tro de la Familia Zonítidae. (*) Dpto. de Zoologia. Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. España. 63 TBERUS 5 (1985) En este articulo pretendemos dar a conocer, dido en dos partes, la distral es más gruesa que la siguiendo las directrices de Riedel, los Zoníüdos proximal. Aegopinella nítidula que hemos recolectado en Galicia durante los - Aparato genital sin flagelo, pene de grosor ultimos seis años, los cuales hemos identificado uniforme, y sobre la vagina de algunos ejempla- basándonos en los caracteres anatomicos y con- res puede aparecer una capa de aspecto glandu- quio lógicos, intentando con esto raüficar la vali- loso. Nesovítrea (Perpolita) hammonís. dez de nuestras determinaciones. 7.- Pared interna del pene y epifalo con papi- Para la recolección de las especies hemos bus- las romboédricas. ( Subgén ero Oxychilus). (8). cado en los lugares que por sus caracterisücas Pared interna del pene y epifalo con plie- pudieran presentar un alto grado de humedad, gues- longitudinales (Subgénero Ortizíus) o con como es debajo de piedras, de maderas, ent¡e el un saliente en forma de lengüeta (Subgénero musgo, y géneraimente cerca de los ríos y fuentes Morlina). (9). y en lugares umbrios, por lo que estas especies 8.- Vagina grande, casi tres veces mayor que pertenecen a una fauna higróirla. La fijación, con- el flagelo, pene dividido en dos partes por un servación y disección se realizaron según las estrangulamiento en bucle. Oxychilus (Oxichy- nornas dadas por Adam (1960). lus) draparnaudí. Una parüe del material examinado se halla en - Vagina de menor longitud que el flagelo, la colección del Departamento de Zoología de la pene de grosor uniforme. Oxychílus (Oxyc hílus) Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, y otra cellarius. en el Insütuto de Zoología de la Academia 9.- Pene y epifalo con pliegues longitudina- Polaca de Ciencias de Varsovia. les, sin separación manifiesta entre ambas par- tes. Concha con un diámetro máximo de 6,5 mm, CLAVES PARA LAS ESPECIES DE LA el animal cuando se le molesta desprende un FAMILIA ZONITIDAE EN GALICIA fuerte olor a ajo. Oxychílus (Onizius) alla- ium. 1.- Concha con la abertura mayor que la Escultura interna del pene disünta a la del mitad de su diámetro, protoconcha con concavi- epifalo,- y en la parte proximal tiene un repliegue dades puntiformes; Vitrina (Vitina) pellu- interno en forma de lengüeta visible externa- cida. mente. Concha con un diámetro superior a los 1 5 - Concha sin estos caracteres (2). mm. Qxychilus (Morlina) glaber. 2.- Concha pequeña, su diámeto no sobre- pasa los 2,5 mm, blanquecina, casi plana supe- riormente, con la abertura semilunar y la hen- ESTUDIO DE LAS ESPECIES didura umbilical que deja ver todo el enrrolla- miento interno. Vitrea (Vitrea) contracta. Concha con un diámeto mayor de 2,5 mm, Superfamilia LIMACEA grupo'oB" de- color ambarinq más o menos globosa (3). Familia ZONITIDAE 3.- Rádula con los dientes centrales de Subfamilia VITRININAE IGUAL tamaño que los laterales (4). Rádula con los dientes centrales de ME- Vítrína (Vítrina) pellucída (Mij'ller, 17 7 4) NOR- thmaño que los laterales (?). Fig.l, mapa l. 4.- Aparato genital con saco del darrdo, canal 1960 ADAM, p.261, fi9.96: Vitrina pellu- de la bolsa copulatriz con tre s ramas. Zonítoides cida (Mtiúler) (Z onitoide s) e s c av atu s. Aparato genital sin los caracteres anterio- - (5). res MATERIAL EXÁMINADO 5.- Músculo retactor del pene blfido, una rama se une al pene y la otra al canal de la bolsa Crujeira 29TN H34, 26-X-7 4 (2 ei.).Playa de copulatriz. Retinella (Retínella) incerta. laOrnada2STNHO3, l3-VII-78 (16 ej.)' Bece- - Músculo retractor del pene sencillo (6). rreá 29TPH44, l7-X-78 (9 ej.). Mondoñedo 6.- Aparato genital con epifalo, pene divi- 29TPJ30, 19-X-78 (8 ej.). Toxosoutos 64 CASTILLEJO: ZONITIDAE GALICIA mP cd* bc* üúúúúú 5 ú pp\\ t2 Fig. 1.- Vítrina(Vitrina) pellucida. A, C, yD: Aparato genital de individuos de poblaciones distin- tas. B: Perfiles de una concha. E: Algunos díentes radulares. (Escala 1 mm). A, C and D: Genital Systems of diferentpopulations specimens. B: ProÍíles of a shell. E: Some radular teeth. (Scale I mm). 29TNHI 3, I 4-XI-78 (20 ej.). Noya 29TNH03, 8-X-79 (a ej.). Quiroga 29TPH40, l2-X-79 (8 17-XI-78 (a ej.). Escarabote 29TNHO2, 30- ej.). Acebeiro 29TNH5I, 2l-X-79 (6 ej.). lll-7 9 (7 ej.). Sobrado de los Monjes 29TNH7 6, Sobradelo 29TPG78,3-XI-78 (34 ej.). Baños 65 TBERUS 5 (1985) de Molgas 29TPGO7,8-XI-79 (2 ej.). Las conchas sonde colorverdoso, transparen- tes, el diámetro oscila entre 4,5 y 6,5 mrn y la altura entre 2,5 y 3,5 mm. La abertura es oval y @- sobrepasa en anchura a la mitad del diáÍnetro de la concha. Sobre la protoconcha se observan una serie de concavidades puntiformes, formando unas lineas más o menos decurrentes. El aparato genital tiene un pene acuminado posteriormente y con una capa glandular inter- @- na. Los dientes radulares centrales son de igual tamaño que los laterales, y sobre los marginales se aprecian unos diminutos ectoconos, en mu- chas ocasiones el mesocono es bífido. DISTRIBUCION c En la península Ibérica la han citado Hidalgo (1875), Fagot (1855) en Taylor (1907), Haas (1929), Nobre (1941), Altmira (1961, 1968), Vilella (1965), Sacchi (1979). En general posee una distribución holartica (Adam, 1960). D@r Subfamilia ZONITINAE Vheg (inea) contmcta (Westerlund, I 87 I ). Fig. 2, mapa 2" Fig.2.-Vitrea (Vítrea) contracta. A, B, C y D: Perfiles las 1964 KUIPE& p. 2?6, lrs. l, 3, 5 y 7: Vi- de conchas y hendidura treü cwtmcta Westerlund. umbilical de cuatro individuos de una misma población. (A y B individuos juveniles). (Escala I mm). MATERIAL EXAMINADO . A, B, C and D: Profiles of the shells and umbilicus of same populatíons Santiago 29TNH34, l+X-78 (12 ej.). Car- specimens. (A and B. Youngs speci boeiro 29TNH63, 26-X-78 (8 ej.). Sta. M." de mens). (Scale I mm). Oya 29TNGI5, 4-XI-78 (12 ej.). Toxosouüos 29TNHI 3, I +XI-78 ( I 5 ej.). Cando 29TNH1 4, I 7-XI-78 (7 ej.). Escarabote 29TNH02, 3G.trII- Ha sido citada en la Peninsula Ibérica por 79 (6 ej.). Torres de C¿üoira 29TNH22, 22-lV- Tryon (1862) en Taylor (1907), Haas (1929), 7e (7 ej.). Ortiz de Záratp López y Ortiz de Zárate Rocan- dio (1949), Fez (1961), Altimira (1963), I"¿s que conchas tienen un diámetro oscila Riedel (1972). entre 2 y 2,5 mm y la altura entre 0,9 y 1,3 mm, son de color blanquecino transparentes, con En general ha sido citada en toda Europa occi- cinco vueltas de espira de crecimiento regular. dental (Taylor, 1907, Riedel, 1968). La abertura es semilunar, y la hendidura umbili- cal profunda, observándose el enrrollamiento interno. Nesovítrea (Peryolita) hammonis (Stróm, I 768) DISTRIBUCION Fig.3, mapa 3 66 CASTILLEJO: ZONITIDAE GALICIA A Fig. 3.- Nesovitrea (Perpolita) hammonis.
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