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Xerox University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of die original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the documant photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s} or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. 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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zoob Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 76-3469 KEFERL, Eugene Paul, 1940- AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE MOLLUSCA OF THE CEDAR BOG NATURE SANCTUARY, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1975 Zoology ■ Xerox University Microfilmst Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. PLEASE NOTE: Page 66 is not available for photography. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE HOLLUSCA OF THE CEDAR BOG NATURE SANCTUARY, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO DISSERTATION Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Eugene Paul Keferl, B.Sc. ****** The Ohio State University 1975 Reading Committee: Approved By Dr. N. Wilson Britt Dr. David H. Stansbery £ Co-Advisor Dr. John L. Crltes Department of Entomology Co-Advisor Department of Zoology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude and thanks to my advisers, Dr. N. Wilson Britt and Dr. David H. Stansbery for help and guidance throughout this study. I wish to thank Dr. Clara May Frederick for the use of her original Cedar Bog maps; Mr. Kenneth L. Powell, for the use of his personal notes on the soils of the region; Mr. Ted Smith, for his invaluable assistance with the statistics; Dr. William J. Clench, for identifying the'Physidae; Dr. Dorothea S. Franzen, for much help identifying many of the Succineidae; Dr. William Heard, for his identification of the Sphaeriidae; and Mr. Leslie Hubricht, for his verification of Stenotrema barbatum. I also wish to thank the Ohio Historical Society and Lottie McDaniel for allowing me to make this study at Cedar Bog. Finally, I wish to extend special thanks to Dr. Charlsie A. Keferl, my wife; Mr. John M. Condit; and Dr. Carol B. Stein for their unrelenting pressure to complete this study. ii VITA September 17, 1940 ..... Born - Dayton, Ohio 1963......................... B.Sc., University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 1964-1969 .......... .... Teaching Assistant, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University 1970 ...................... Teaching Associate, CORE Biology Pro­ gram, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University 1975 ...................... Technical Assistant, Museum of Zoology, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS "Some Mollusca of Cedar Bog, Champaign County, Ohio." American Malacological Union, Annual Report of 1969, pp. 14-16, 1969. "AdansonTs Slite Shells." Of Sea and Shore, Vol. IV, No. 1, p. 27, 1973. "Terrestrial Mollusca of Cedar Bog." Cedar Bog Symposium, Ohio Academy of Science, Ohio Biological Survey Informative Circular No. 4, pp. 46- 48, 1974. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Invertebrate Zoology Studies in Invertebrate Zoology. Professors Joseph N. Miller, A. Carter Broad, Paul A. Colinvaux, John L. Crites, N. Wilson Britt, and Barry D. Valentine Studies in Ecology. Professors David H. Stansbery, Gareth E. Gilbert, Lionel G. Klikoff, Jerry H. Hubschman, Tony J. Peterle, and N. Wilson Britt ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................ 11 VITA .............................................................ill LIST OF T A B L E S ................................................ v LIST OF PLATES AND F I G U R E S ...................................... vli LIST OF M A P S .................................................. x LIST OF G R A P H .................................................. xv INTRODUCTION............................................ 1 THE CEDAR BOG NATURE SANCTUARY STUDY AR E A ....................... 4 GEOLOGY OF CEDAR B O G .......................................... 6 SOILS .......................................................... 8 CLIMATOLOGY OF CEDAR B O G .................. ■ . ................. 20 CEDAR R U N ...................................................... 22 VEGETATION OF CEDAR B O G ........................................ 26 METHODS AND MATERIALS.......................................... 48 RESULTS........................................................ 52 DISCUSSION OF DEFINITIONS AND DATA ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURES .... 78 DISCUSSION OF THE SPECIES COLLECTED AT CEDAR B O G ............... 84 DISCUSSION OF VARIOUS MOLLUSCAN F A U N A S .................. 237 DISCUSSION OF THE DIVERSITY I N D E X ................................ 271 THE MOLLUSCA* OF THE ARBOR VITAE ASSOCIATION...................... 275 REFERENCES ...................................................... 282 lv LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Plant Diversity as Recorded by Recent Investigators at Cedar Bog, Champaign County, Ohio .................... 2 2. The Basic Characteristics of the Soils Found in the Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio ............ 14 3. A Summary of the Arbor Vitae Association at Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio ................ 30 4. Species Composition of the Plant Associations at the Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio ............ 32 5. Species Composition and Relic Plant Diversity in the Plant Associations at the Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio as Interpreted by the Environment Control Corporation ........................ 40 6. Collections made at Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio .................................. 55 7. Phylogenetic Listing of the Mollusca Collected at the Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio.... 74 8. Mollusca Collected at Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio by Other Investigators .......... 76 9. Aquatic Molluscs Living in and Around the Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio ................ 93 10. Habitat Diversity Indices for the Mollusca Found at Cedar B o g ........................................... 238 11. Distribution of Molluscs in the Various Vegetation Zones at Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio . 240 12. A Comparison of the Major Statistics Concerning the Molluscan Fauna of each of the Frederick Vegetation Z o n e s ............................................... 244 v Table ■Page 13. Distribution of Molluscs in the Various Vegetation Zones at • Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio .... 253 14. A Comparison of the Major Statistics Concerning the Molluscan Fauna of Each of the Environment Control Corporation Vegetation Zones ............................ 257 15. Distribution of Molluscs in the Soil Zones at the Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio ....... 259 16. A Comparison of the Major Statistics Concerning the Molluscan Fauna of Each of the Various Soil Zones .... 262 17. Distribution of Molluscs in the Soil Zones at the Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, Champaign County, Ohio ....... 263 18. Mollusca Recorded from the Arbor Vitae Associations in Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin and Ontario .................. 276 vi LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES Plate Figure Page I. 1 Collection Frequencies for Pomatlopsis l a p i d a r i a .................................... 95 2. Collection Frequencies for Lymnaea humilis .... 95 3. Collection Frequencies for Gyraulus parvus .... 95 4. Collection Frequencies for Physa integra ........ 95 II. 1. Collection Frequencies for Carychium exiguum . 112 2. Collection Frequencies for Carycium exile .... 112 3. Collection Frequencies for Carychium nannodes . 112 4. Collection Frequencies for Gastrocopta c o n t r a c t a ...................................... 112 III. 1. Collection Frequencies for Gastrocopta pentodon........................................ 134 2. Collection Frequencies for Gastrocopta tappaniana...................................... 134 3. Collection
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