WORKING DOCUMENT WORKING DOCUMENT HUMANITARIAN HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMME CYCLE 2021 NEEDS OVERVIEW ISSUED DECEMBER 2020 OPT
1 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021
About Get the latest updates
This document is consolidated by OCHA on behalf of the OCHA coordinates humanitarian action to ensure crisis-affected people receive the Humanitarian Country Team and partners. It provides a shared assistance and protection they need. It understanding of the crisis, including the most pressing works to overcome obstacles that impede humanitarian need and the estimated number of people who humanitarian assistance from reaching people affected by crises, and provides leadership in need assistance. It represents a consolidated evidence base and mobilizing assistance and resources on behalf helps inform joint strategic response planning. The designations of the humanitarian system. employed and the presentation of material in the report do not www.ochaopt.org imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part twitter.com/ochaopt of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries
PHOTO ON COVER Humanitarian Response aims to be the central Reem, 9th grade, Bethlehem Governorate. © 2020 website for Information Management tools Photo: Save the Children/Jonathan Hyams. and services, enabling information exchange between clusters and IASC members operating within a protracted or sudden onset GENERAL DISCLAIMER: crisis. Unless otherwise indicated, data in this document is valid as of end September 2020. https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/ operations/occupied-palestinian-territory
Humanitarian InSight supports decision- makers by giving them access to key humanitarian data. It provides the latest verified information on needs and delivery of the humanitarian response as well as financial contributions. www.hum-insight.com
The Financial Tracking Service (FTS) is the primary provider of continuously updated data on global humanitarian funding, and is a major contributor to strategic decision making by highlighting gaps and priorities, thus contributing to effective, efficient and principled humanitarian assistance. fts.org/appeals/2019
02 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
04 Summary of Humanitarian Needs
12 Part 1: Impact of the Crisis and Humanitarian Conditions Context and Drivers of the Crisis Scope of Analysis Accountability to Affected Populations People in Need
25 Part 3: Sectoral Analysis Protection Health and Nutrition Food Security Education Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Shelter and Non-Food Items (NFIs)
41 Part 4: Annexes Data Sources Methodology 2021 HNO Key Figures People in Need by Cluster Acronyms End Notes
03 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021
Summary of
Humanitarian Needs
Occupied Golan Heights Golan Occupied ¥ Severity of Needs*
TOTAL POPULATION PEOPLE IN NEED STRESS Lebanon SEVERE P
(Syria) Al Qunaytirah 5.2M 2.45M 40% (1M) 60% (1.4M) Source: PCBS, 2021 projection Among the 1.4 million severely impacted by the crisis, 77 percent are in Gaza and 23 percent in the West bank Acre P Syria
L T
A I
B
K
E 471K E Gaza 1.570M P Tiberias P R 1.1M I
Haifa A
S 547.8K Nazareth P West Bank 883.6K 335.8K
209.1K Area C 312.0K 103K Jordan River / Irbid P Sheikh Hussein 282.5K Area A and B 448.4K 165.9K Jenin P
43.1K East Jerusalem 86.2K 43.1K a Tulkarm Ajloun
e Tubas R P
P E
14K P V H2 S I 22.9K R
36.9K
Nablus N
P A n Qalqiliya Of which: Stressed Of which: Severe D
P R
a O J
e Sal t Tel Aviv-Yaffo P Balqa n P P a West Bank r Amman
r People in Allenby / Ramallah e P need King Hussein Jericho t P i Jerusalem Ashdod 0.9M P d P
e Madaba P P M Bethlehem a
e
S
Hebron d North Gaza P a
e
Gaza D People in Middleneed Area Gaza M KhanStrip Yunis1.6 Jordan RafahRafah Be'er Sheva P
Karak P
Israel Al ‘Ojah / Nitzana The designations employed and the presentation of material in the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
*Severity of needs was calculated based on the Joint Inter-sectoral Analytical Framework (JIAF). For more information see the methodology page 58.
04
Egypt
Wadi ‘Arraba Eilat o P Taba
0 15 30 60 Km GULFAQABAAQABA OF SUMMARY OF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS
TOTAL POPULATION
PEOPLE IN NEED
BY SECTOR BY AGE & SEX
MALE FEMALE 49% 51%
05 SETTLER ATTACKS RESULTING IN PALESTINIAN CASUALTIES OR PROPERTY DAMAGE
423 397 369 340 314 323 291 280 269 305 228 216 265 170 242 131 157 207 143 112 95 105 106 132 107 65 72 100 92 97 73 75 58 30 52 37 200 2010 2011 2012 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 2020
Incidents resulting in Palestinian Casuality Incidents resulting in Palestinian property/land damage
WEST BANK DEMOLITIONS AND DISPLACEMENT 1,601
1,236 1,103 1,094 914 738 705 663 607 664 621 560 530 419 456 470
HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021
201 201 201 201 201 201 201 2020 2021 HNO Key FiguresStructures Demolished People Displaced
36% West Bank 5 out of 6 64% Clusters have increased 2.45m Gaza 2.45m PiN their estimates about the People in Need PiN number of PIN out of a population of 5.2M Palestinians
People with severe needs out of all PiN increased 23% from 40% to 60% West Bank 70% of Gaza PiN 77% 2020 0.9m people (40%) 1.4m with severe Gaza 38% of West Bank PiN 2021 1.4m people (60%) needs are severely impacted by the crisis
The context in the occupied Palestinian territory protection of civilians and forced displacement, access (oPt) remains a protracted protection crisis, where to essential services, and erosion of resilience with changetoo the many pie chart Palestinians with a bar chart struggle with 2 tocolumns live in for dignity. 2020 and The 2021 eachassociated showing the humanitarian absolute number consequences of people with severethat translateneeds. Narrative:crisis "the is characterizedproportion of people by more with severe than needs53 years out of of all Israeli PiN increased into from needs. 40% to 2020 60%" witnessed a significant increase in military occupation, lack of respect for international the severity of humanitarian needs across the oPt, due humanitarian and human rights law, internal Palestinian to the COVID-19 outbreak and the unilateral measures political divisions, and recurrent escalations of hostilities taken by the Palestinian Authority in response to Israel’s between Israel and Palestinian armed groups. plans to annex parts of the West Bank. Recognising that the situation in the oPt is effectively a In 2021, the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) chronic protection crisis, protection concerns continue estimates that approximately 2.45 million Palestinians to be the primary drivers of humanitarian need. across the oPt will require some form of humanitarian Palestinians in the oPt face a range of threats, including assistance. Although this is only slightly more than the to life, liberty and security, destruction or damage estimate for 2020 (2.41 million), the number of people to homes and other property, forced displacement, suffering from severe, as opposed to moderate, need restrictions on freedom of movement and on access has increased by 346,000. About 64 per cent of those to natural resources and livelihoods, and lack of in need of assistance, or 1.57 million people, live in the accountability and effective remedy. These policies Gaza Strip and 36 per cent, 880,000 people, in the West and practises impact differently on people, depending Bank, including East Jerusalem. on their gender, age, location and resources, among other factors. Critical problems of concern relate to the
06 KEY FINDINGS
Key Findings
PEOPLE IN NEED TREND (2015-2021) WOMEN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY 2.45M 49% 50% 5.8%
By Humanitarian Consequence By Age and Gender More on pages 16-21, 26-29
CONSEQUENCE PEOPLE IN NEED AGE AND GENDER PEOPLE IN NEED % PIN
Humanitarian consequences Male 0- <18 631k 26% related to protection and 2.1 m forced displacement Female 0- <18 598k 24%
Humanitarian consequences related to access to essential 1.5 m Male 18-65 582k 24% services Female 18-65 563k 23% Humanitarian consequences related to resilience and 2 m recovery Male 65+ 36k 1%
Female 65+ 44k 2%
By Population Groups With Disability More on pages 18 and 24 More on page 24
POPULATION GROUP PEOPLE IN NEED AGE PEOPLE IN NEED % PIN
People living under poverty line 1.5m Persons with 140k 5.8% disabilities
Refugees 1.3m
People affected by conflict 928k related violence
FHH 200k
Small-scale farmers, herders 150k and fisherfolk in Gaza
People living with disabilities 140k
Bedouin & Herders in Area C 37k
IDPs 16k
07 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021
OCCUPIED WEST BANK: INCREASING FRAGMENTATION
Area C The over 60% of the West Bank where Israel retains ¥ almost exclusive control. Over 350,000 Palestinians and ?! J" over 400,000 Israeli settlers reside in Area C ?! Jenin Area A The 18% of the West Bank where the Palestinian ?! Authority has extensive law enforcement and planning powers.
Tubas Area B Tulkarm J" ! J" The 22% of the West Bank where the Palestinian ? Authority has planning powers and joint law enforcement ?!?! authority with Israel. Some 80% of Palestinians live in Areas A and B combined. J" Settlements municipal boundaries Qalqiliya Nablus J"?! Cover around 10% of the West Bank where some 150 ?! settlements were established in contravention to int'l law. These areas are off limits for Palestinian access. Some 630,000 Israelis live there
?! n
a J" d
Firing zones Salfit r
o
J
Cover some 18% of the West Bank and are closed for r
e v
military training. Some 50 herding communities living ?! i
there are at risk of expulsion. R
The West Bank Barrier Built since 2002 following wave of Palestinian attacks in n Israel. Most of the route encroaches into the West Bank, ?! a in contravention to int'l law. Palestinians access is Ramallah d J" r subject to a restrictive permit and coordination system. ?! Jericho No Man's o Land ?! ?! Constructed Barrier ?! J" J Projected; Under Construction Barrier ?! ?! ?! East Jerusalem ?!?! Covers 70 KM2, unilaterally annexed to Israel in East Jerusalem contravention of international law. Over 350,000 ?! Palestinians and more than 200,000 Israeli settlers ?! ?! reside there. ?! ?! ?! J" ?! Bethlehem
y r ! a Green Line ? a d e The 1949 Armistice boundry agreed between Israel and n u
o S
Jordan. B l
a d
n a o i
t e a
?! n r D
e
t
n Hebron city: H2 I Hebron The 20% of Hebron city which remains under direct Israeli J" control. Some 42,000 Palestinians and a few hundreds
a Israeli settlers live there. Hebron H2 e S
n a e
n n
a a
West d r r r o e Bank J t i d e
M a e
S
?! d a
e
Gaza D Strip 0 2.5 5 10 E I s r a e l g Km y p t
08 2021 HNO KEY FIGURES
GAZA STRIP: CROSSINGS AND RESTRICTED AREAS
Erez Beit Hanoun ¥ Controlled by Israel and accessible only to holders of Israeli-issued exit permits, which are granted mainly to traders, Zikim patients and accompaniers, foreignKarmiya nationals and international agencies’ staff, with security clearance.
Yad Mordekhai As Siafa ?B34
3 nautical miles Netiv ha-Asara Erez Crossing
(Beit?B 4 Hanoun) ! ¹º» Beit Lahiya
D D D D D D D "J D D ® D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
! D D
D
D
D
D
D
® D
D
"J D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
Beit Hanun D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Jabalya D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
"J D D D
D D
D
D
D
D
6 nautical miles D D
D
D D
D D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D
D D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
Gaza City D
D D
"J D D D
D
D D
D D
D
D
D D
D
D D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D
D Mefalsim D
D
D D
D D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D Kfar Aza 232
D ?B
D Nahal Oz Fuel
D
D
D
»D D
ºD
D ¹
D
D
D D
D
D
D D
D Pipeline
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D (Ash Shuja'iah)
»D
ºD
¹D
D
D
D
D
D
D D D
D
D D D
D
® D
D D
D
D
D
D
D Karni
D
D
D
D
D
D D
! D Sa'ad D
D
D
D Crossing
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D (Al Montar) D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D Nahal Oz
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
! D
D
D
D
D
D Main entry point for fuel, shut
D
D
D
D
D Alumim
D D
D
D Shuva D
D
D
D
D
D down in 2011.
D
D
D
D Zimrat 25
D ?B
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D D
D D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D Karni
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D Tushiya
D
D
D
D
D
D Gaza’s former main commercial
D
! D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D D D
D
D
D
D
D crossing, gradually shut down
D
D
D
D
D Be'eri
D
D
D D
D
D Shokeda
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D between 2007 and 2011.
D D
D D
® D
D D
D
D D
D
D
D
D D
D D D
D
D
D
D
D
"J D
! D
D
D
D D
D
D
D D D
D D
D D
D
D D
D
D
Deir al Balah D 232
D ?B
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D Perimeter fence
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
Mediterranean SeaD D D
D
D
D
D
D An electronic fence, and in a few areas
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D a wall, built by Israel during the 1990s
D D
D
D
D
! D D
D
D
D
D
D
D Re'im
D along the 1949 Armistice line with
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D Egypt (the Green Line).
D
D
D
D D
D D
D
D
D D
D D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D D DD D
D D Kisufim
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D
D D
D
D D
D
D
D
D D
! D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D D D Access restricted area ! D D D D
D D
D D D D ISRAEL D D Access to land located within 200-300
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D meters from the fence is prohibited by Israel, D D
D D
D D Ein ha-Shlosha
D D
D D
D D while areas up to 1,500 meters from the
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D fence are considered by Palestinians as
D D
D 0 1 2 4 D
D Khan Yunis ! ! D D D
D D
D D risky. "J D D Kilometres
D D
D D
D D
D D Nirim D D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D
D D
! D D
D D
D
D ! D D D D
D
D D
D D D
D D D D
D D D
D D D
D D D
D D D
D D D
D D D
D D D D
D D D
D D D
D D D
D
D D NM
D D D Nir Oz
D D D D
D D
D
D
D
D NM
D
D
D
® D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D ®
D
D 20 D
D
D D
D
D D
D
D D
D
D
D 15
D D
D
D D
D
D
D
D NM
D
! D
D
D D D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
! D
D
Salah Ad Din gate D D
D D
D
D NM
D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
"J D 12
D D
Open on an ad hoc basis for the informal D
D D
D
D D
® D NM
D 6
D D D
D D
D
D D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D
D D
D D
import of commercial goods. Controlled by D
D
D
D
D Rafah D
D PROHIBITED
D 3
D
D D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Egypt. D
D
D
D AREA
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D D
® D
D D
D
D
D D
D
D D
D
D D
D
D D
Salah D
D
D "J D
D Sufa D
» D D
D
ºD
¹ D
¹ D
D
D D
D
D D
Rafah Al Awda Ad Din D D D
D
D
D
D
D Main entry point for AREA
D D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
Gate D Sufa
D D D
Reopened regularly since mid-2018. D D
D
D
D INTERMITTENTLY
D D D
D construction material,
D D
D
D
D D
D Crossing
D
D D
D
D »
D D
Controlled by Egypt, which imposes limits of D ¹º
D
D D ACCESSIBLE
D
D
D D D
D
D shut down in 2007.
D
D
D Point
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
the number of passengers and severe D
D
D D D
D
D
D D D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D Yesha D
Rafah D
D
D D
D
D
D
D D
D
security controls. D
D
D D
» D
D
D
º D
¹D
D
¹ D
D
D
D
D
Crossing D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
(Al 'Awda) D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D Kerem Shalom Karm abu Salem D
D
D
D D
D D
D
D
D D
D
D
D D
D
D
D D
D
D
D Controlled by Israel, is currently the only official
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D 232
D
D B
D ?
D D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D
D
D
D Kerem Shalom D
D D crossing for imports and exports. Movement of D EGYPT ¹D º» Crossing Point goods is subject to coordination with Israel and (Karm abu Salem) severe restrictions. Goods are transferred in pallets back to back, first from Israel to a “sterile area”, and from there to Gaza.
09 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021
Summary of Humanitarian Consequences
CRITICAL PROBLEM 1: HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES RELATED TO PROTECTION AND FORCED DISPLACEMENT
PEOPLE WITH PEOPLE IN NEED FEMALES CHILDREN DISABILITY INCLUDING 2.1 million 52% 50% 5.8%
PEOPLE IN HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCE NEED Mental health issues 246,940 Education Violations/ Attacks on education facilities 21,085 Attack on Healthcare patients, staff and facilities leading to increased 50,864 morbidity, injuries, death, and reduced health facility access Health Increased caseload of mental health issues as result of conflict 255,960
People at risk of contracting COVID-19 65,000
Children affected by conflict-related violence 1,500
Displacement and forcible transfer 22,146 Exposure to protection risks in the context of COVID-19 isolation and quarantining Gender-based violence 277,749
Protection Grave violations against children (as defined by UNSC Res. 1612) 12,934
Impact of military occupation and protracted protection crises 2,120,959
Psychosocial distress and mental disorders 549,716
Settler violence 337,695
Severe restrictions on freedom of movement 2,496
Shelter Forcible transfer and displacement, and risk thereof 65,960
WASH Limited access to WASH services 1,229,732
10 SUMMARY OF HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES
CRITICAL PROBLEM 2: CRITICAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES
PEOPLE WITH PEOPLE IN NEED FEMALES CHILDREN DISABILITY INCLUDING 1.5 million 51% 68% 5.8%
HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCE PEOPLE IN NEED
Lack of access to education 930,342 Education Unsafe access to schools 100,618 Increasing levels of morbidity, GBV, high rates of NCDs, high risk 172,983 pregnancies and micronutrition deficiencies amongst children under 5 Increasing rate of maternal and infant mortality 401,808
Lack of acute care for emergency cases 162,705 Health Patients suffering non-communicable diseases have no access or 64,456 disrupted treatment and face a deterioration in their morbidity status Postponed elective surgeries leading to complications and morbidity 12,000
Severe cases with disability do not have access to multidisciplinary care 10,000
Individuals injured due to GMR and need shelter adaptation 143,400
Shelter Lack of adequate living conditions 221,900
Lack of protection from weather conditions 69,800
Inadequate sanitation and hygiene conditions 732,337
WASH Limited access to safe drinking and domestic water services 1,280,024
Limited access to WASH services in key institutions 361,369
CRITICAL PROBLEM 3: HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES RELATED TO RESILIENCE AND RECOVERY
PEOPLE WITH PEOPLE IN NEED FEMALES CHILDREN DISABILITY INCLUDING 2 million 49% 49% 5.8%
HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCE PEOPLE IN NEED
EDUCATION Lack of emergency preparedness 63,850
FSS Food insecurity 2,022,664 Limited preparedness capacity leading to increased risk of mortality and Health morbidity 251,058
Shelter Lack of emergency preparedness in Shelter 150,000
Lack of preparedness 1,618,889 WASH
Lack of preparedness and response against the risks of floods 135,686
11 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021
Part 1 IMPACT OF THE CRISIS AND HUMANITARIAN CONDITIONS
WEST BANK Area C communities that are not connected to the water network depend on trucked water and cisterns. April 2017. ©Photo by WASH Cluster.
12 IMPACT OF THE CRISIS AND HUMANITARIAN CONDITIONS
1.1 Context and Drivers of the Crisis
Humanitarian needs in the occupied Palestinian territory LATEST DEVELOPMENTS (oPt) continue to be driven by a protracted protection crisis that leaves many Palestinians struggling to live a By mid-November 2020, the PA indicated that life with dignity. This crisis is characterized by more than it would resume civil and security coordination 53 years of Israeli military occupation, lack of respect with Israel. This may reduce or eliminate some for international humanitarian and human rights law, of the no-contact policy’s negative humanitarian internal Palestinian political divisions, and recurrent ramifications identified in this HNO. However, the escalations of hostilities between Israel and Palestinian actual implementation of this decision and its impact armed groups. 2020 witnessed a significant increase in on vulnerable Palestinian is yet to be assessed. the severity of humanitarian needs across the oPt, due to two major developments. and will more than double in the West Bank, from 14 to The first is the outbreak of COVID-19: asof 30 per cent.2 end-September over 50,000 Palestinians have contracted the virus and nearly 400 have died. While The second development in 2020 is the Palestinian the mortality rate remains low by global standards (77 Authority’s (PA) unilateral decision to halt almost persons per million people), the measures imposed to all bilateral contacts with Israel, in response to the contain the pandemic - including recurrent lockdowns Israel’s plan to formally annex parts of the West and travel restrictions, school closures, reduction of Bank.3 In this context, the PA has stopped accepting commercial activities and mandatory quarantines - the tax clearance revenues that Israel collects on its have severely undermined living conditions across the behalf.4 Together with the economic slowdown due oPt. (As of mid-December, over 131,000 had contracted to the pandemic, this has resulted in the loss of 80 per the virus and nearly 1,150 had died.) cent of its income, reducing the PA’s capacity to pay salaries, deliver services and maintain its social safety The World Bank forecasts that by the end of the year, nets. The no-contact policy exacerbated the impact of the Palestinian economy will shrink by eight per cent longstanding access restrictions, particularly for those compared to 2019.1 The proportion of poor households requiring Israeli permits, or special authorization, to in the Gaza Strip will increase from 53 to 64 per cent access workplaces, farmland and basic services. This
TRENDS IN PALESTINIAN CAUSALTIES 2015-2020 FATALITIES BY REGION FATALLITIES BY AGE AND SE 13 32 11 Israel Women Girls 373 162 West Bank Boys 825 825 Total Total 620 439 Men Gaza Strip a a so r e o
13 FATALITIES BY YEAR
299
174 137 108 77 30
201 201 201 201 201 2020
E ITS OF PEOPLE INTO ISRAEL E ITS AND ENTRIES OF PEOPLE THROUGH EREZ THROUGH RAFAH
27k Entries to Gaza 7.2k 22k 5.7k 6k 4.1k 3k 1.5k 1.6k 1.2 1.9k 1.7k 16k 14 6 Exits to Egypt 9.5k 6.9k 5.8k 6.5k 6.7k 6.5k 5k 2.7k 2.2k 1.4k 1.1k 229 233 255 325 417 409 0 0 0 0 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 2017 2018 2019 Jan 2017 2018 2019 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 2020 2020 Monthly average Monthly average
Source: OCHA/Palestinian Ministry of Civil Affairs Source: OCHA/Palestinian Ministry of Civil Affairs
HOURS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY PER DAY ON AVERAGE
15 15 14 14 12 12 11 11 11 8
6.6 5.7 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
2017 2018 2019 2020 TRENDS IN PALESTINIAN CAUSALTIES 2015-2020 FATALITIES BY REGION FATALLITIES BY AGE AND SE 13 32 11 Israel Women Girls 373 162 West Bank Boys 825 825 Total Total HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021 620 439 Men Gaza Strip a a so r e o policy also undermined Israeli-Palestinian joint efforts to contain the pandemic, which were implemented during the two months following the initial outbreak. FATALITIES BY YEAR SoTRENDS far in 2020, IN PALESTINIAN there has been CAUSALTIES a significant 2015-2020 decline 299 in conflict-related violence and casualties, which are recordedFATALITIES mainly among BY young REGION men. Between FATALLITIES BY AGE AND SE January and September, 24 Palestinians were killed 13 174 32 11 by Israeli forces, comparedIsrael to 91 and 229 fatalities in Women Girls 137 the equivalent periods in 2019 and 2018,373 respectively. 108 West Bank 162 Similarly, the number of Palestinian injuries in 2020 Boys 77 declined by nearly 85 per cent, compared to 2019 30 (approximately 2,000 vs 13,000).825 This decline is primarily 825 due the halt in the mass demonstrationsTotal that had been 201 201 201 Total201 201 2020 taking place along Israel’s perimeter fence around Gaza in 2018 and 2019. While the occasional shooting of 620 the potential for an increase in violence, Menincluding an projectiles and launching439 of incendiary balloons from Gaza Strip escalation of hostilities in Gaza, during 2021. Gaza towards southern Israel, and Israel’s subsequent E ITS OF PEOPLE INTO ISRAEL a a so r e o E ITS AND ENTRIES OF PEOPLE In the Gaza Strip, the two million Palestinians, who, for airstrikes in Gaza continued, these did not result in THROUGH EREZ THROUGH RAFAH over 13 years, have been under a blockade imposed casualties or further escalation. Albeit more limited Entries to Gaza by Israel citing 27ksecurity concerns, have been further than in Gaza, the FATALITIESWest Bank too witnessed BY YEAR a reduction 7.2k 22k 5.7k 6k isolated from the external world by COVID-19 related 4.1k in clashes and casualties, with the number of search- 3k restrictions. Since the outbreak, Israel has allowed 1.5k 1.6k 1.2 1.9k 1.7k and-arrest operations by Israeli299 forces in Palestinian 16k 14 6 only the most serious medical cases to exit Gaza via localities falling by nearly 30 per cent during January- Exits to Egypt the Erez9.5k Crossing, a situation further complicated by September 2020, compared to the same period in 2019. 6.9k 5.8k 6.5k 6.7k 6.5k the PA’s halt in the processing of applications for exit 5k 174 2.7k However, concerns about excessive use of force by 2.2k 137 permits, as well as by the long229 mandatory233 255 325 quarantine417 409 1.4k 1.1k Israeli soldiers resulting in the killing or serious injury 0 0 0 0 108 2017imposed2018 2019 by HamasJan Feb on MarpatientsApr May returningJun Jul Augto Gaza.Sep of Palestinians, as well77 as lack of accountability 2017 2018 2019 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep The entry of Palestinian workers2020 from Gaza to Israel, 2020 for such possible violations of international law, Monthly average Monthly average 30 which resumed in 2019 after more than a decade of 5 remain. Moreover, against the backdrop of a general Source: OCHA/Palestinian Ministry of Civil Affairs Source: OCHA/Palestinian Ministry of Civil Affairs suspension, was halted again following the outbreak of deterioration201 in201 living conditions201 201 and the 201 lack of security2020 the pandemic, resulting in the loss of some 7,000 jobs. coordination between the PA and Israel, there remains HOURS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY PER DAY ON AVERAGE The Egyptian-controlled crossing with Gaza (Rafah)
15 15 E ITS OF PEOPLE INTO ISRAEL E ITS AND ENTRIES OF PEOPLE 14 14 12 12 11 11 11 THROUGH EREZ THROUGH RAFAH 8 Entries to Gaza 27k 6.6 5.77.2k 22k 5.7k 6k Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 4.1k 3k 1.5k 1.6k 1.2 1.9k 1.7k 14 6 16k 2017 2018 2019 2020 Exits to Egypt 9.5k 6.9k 5.8k 6.5k 6.7k 6.5k 5k 2.7k 2.2k 1.4k 1.1k 229 233 255 325 417 409 0 0 0 0 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 2017 2018 2019 Jan 2017 2018 2019 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 2020 2020 Monthly average Monthly average
Source: OCHA/Palestinian Ministry of Civil Affairs Source: OCHA/Palestinian Ministry of Civil Affairs
HOURS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY PER DAY ON AVERAGE
14
15 15 14 14 12 12 11 11 11 8
6.6 5.7 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
2017 2018 2019 2020 TRENDS IN PALESTINIAN CAUSALTIES 2015-2020 FATALITIES BY REGION FATALLITIES BY AGE AND SE 13 32 11 Israel Women Girls 373 162 West Bank Boys 825 825 Total Total 620 439 Men Gaza Strip a a so r e o
FATALITIES BY YEAR
299
174 137 108 77 30
201 201 201 201 201 2020
E ITS OF PEOPLE INTO ISRAEL E ITS AND ENTRIES OF PEOPLE THROUGH EREZ THROUGH RAFAH
27k Entries to Gaza 7.2k 22k 5.7k 6k 4.1k 3k 1.5k 1.6k 1.2 1.9k 1.7k 16k 14 6 Exits to Egypt 9.5k 6.9k 5.8k 6.5k 6.7k 6.5k 5k 2.7k 2.2k 1.4k 1.1k 229 233 255 325 417 409 0 0 0 0 2017 2018 2019 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep IMPACT OF THE CRISIS AND HUMANITARIAN CONDITIONS 2017 2018 2019 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 2020 2020 Monthly average Monthly average
Source: OCHA/Palestinian Ministry of Civil Affairs Source: OCHA/Palestinian Ministry of Civil Affairs
HOURS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY PER DAY ON AVERAGE
15 15 14 14 12 12 11 11 11 8
6.6 5.7 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
2017 2018 2019 2020
has been largely shut down for all passengers, except restrictions on access to the sea off the Gaza coast, in for a few scheduled openings. Overall, during March- response to the Palestinians’ launching of projectiles or September 2020, the number of exits from Gaza, both incendiary balloons towards Israel.7 via Israel (Erez) and via Egypt (Rafah) was about 10 per Prolonged electricity blackouts of about 12 hours a day cent of the figures in SETTLER the same period ATTACKS in 2019. RESULTING IN PALESTINIAN CASUALTIES OR PROPERTY(the same asDAMAGE in 2019, but an improvement compared Meanwhile, the main factors driving the fragile to 2017-2018) continue disrupting all aspects of life humanitarian situation in Gaza remain in place. Although in Gaza, particularly the delivery of essential services.8 Gaza’s main crossing for goods (Kerem Shalom) Finally, despite a new round of reconciliation talks launched this year, the divisions between Hamas and has been operating as previously,423 the longstanding 397 import restrictions, as well as lack of369 agreement and the Fatah-led PA remain unresolved, undermining the 340 9 coordination between 314the PA and Israel, continue323 to payment of salaries to civil servants, and providing for 280 impede the implementation of291 infrastructure projects, the needs of the Gaza’s population in general. 269 305 228 216 6 265 economic recovery170 and242 employment generation. The mobility restrictions imposed since the outbreak of 131 157 207 143 Continuing insecurity112 discourages the 3,000 farmers COVID-1995 amplify the impact of pre-existing conditions 105 106 who own, or work, land located132 up to 1,000 meters from107 on the 65Gazan economy: combined, they have resulted 72 100 92 97 73 75 58 30 52 37 Israel’s perimeter fence from developing agricultural in a further increase in unemployment in the second 200 2010 2011 2012 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 2020 livelihoods. Similarly, the fishing livelihoods of about quarter of 2020, which reached an historical high Incidents resulting in Palestinian Casuality Incidents resulting in Palestinian property/land damage 4,000 families continue to be disrupted by Israeli of over 49 per cent,.10 The absence of employment
WEST BANK DEMOLITIONS AND DISPLACEMENT 1,601
1,236 1,103 1,094 914 738 705 663 607 664 621 560 530 419 456 470
201 201 201 201 201 201 201 2020
Structures Demolished People Displaced
15
36% West Bank 5 out of 6 64% Clusters have increased 2.45m Gaza 2.45m PiN their estimates about the People in Need PiN number of PIN out of a population of 5.2M Palestinians
People with severe needs out of all PiN increased 23% from 40% to 60% West Bank 70% of Gaza PiN 77% 2020 0.9m people (40%) 1.4m with severe Gaza 38% of West Bank PiN 2021 1.4m people (60%) needs are severely impacted by the crisis
change the pie chart with a bar chart with 2 columns for 2020 and 2021 each showing the absolute number of people with severe needs. Narrative: "the proportion of people with severe needs out of all PiN increased from 40% to 60%" HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021
SETTLER ATTACKS RESULTING IN PALESTINIAN CASUALTIES OR PROPERTY DAMAGE
423 397 369 340 314 323 291 280 269 305 228 216 265 170 242 131 157 207 143 112 95 105 106 132 107 65 72 100 92 97 73 75 58 30 52 37 200 2010 2011 2012 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 2020
Incidents resulting in Palestinian Casuality Incidents resulting in Palestinian property/land damage opportunities and low salaries also discourage people Palestinian injuries, or damage to their property, have from seeking work, furtherWEST reducing BANK the DEMOLITIONSalready low been AND recorded, DISPLACEMENT approximately the same rate as in 2019. labour force participation rate. This has declined from1,601 Historically, settler violence has facilitated the takeover 41 per cent of the population in 2019 to less than 35 of Palestinian land and the establishment of settlement per cent in April-June 2020, and1,236 to a mere 15 per cent outposts, without the building permits or authorization among women (people1,103 outside the labour force are1,094 not required under Israeli law. Subsequently, many of 914 counted as unemployed).11 these outposts established on areas designated as 738 663 public664 (‘state’) land have been “legalized”705 under Israeli It is estimated that some 9,500607 families 560 in Gaza living 621 15 530 in rented accommodation are at risk of eviction due to legislation.419 456 470 their inability to pay rental costs.12 Palestinian access to areas separated from the In the West Bank, Palestinian households and remainder of the West Bank by the Barrier has also deteriorated in 2020. Following the outbreak of COVID- communities in Area201 C, East Jerusalem201 and201 the H2 area201 201 201 201 2020 of Hebron city continue to face a coercive environment, 19, Palestinian access to East Jerusalem hospitals Structures Demolished People Displaced due to a range of longstanding Israeli policies and has been limited by both the Israeli and Palestinian practices. The restrictive and discriminatory planning authorities, mostly to cancer patients; in turn, this has regime applied in Area C and in East Jerusalem prevents Palestinians from addressing basic housing, livelihood MOVEMENT OBSTACLES IN WEST BANK and service needs. Between January and September,36% 550 structures were demolished or confiscatedWest Bank on the 5BY out TYPE of 6 64% Clusters have increased grounds of a lack of building permits, displacing some2.45m Gaza 2.45m PiN their estimates about the 3 34 750 Palestinians,People ain significant Need PiN increase compared with Other 71 Trench number of PINCheckpoint 2019. Of particularout of a population concern is of the 5.2M increasing application 49 of militaryPalestinians orders permitting the expedited demolition Road Barrier or seizure of properties in Area C, as well as the greater 20 108 Earthwall Partial Checkpoint punitive finesPeople against with severe unauthorized needs construction in East Jerusalem,out which of all PiN has increased led to a significant increase23% in 68 593 from 40% to 60% Movement 13 West Bank Road Block self-demolitions. 70%Obstacles of Gaza PiN 77% Further components2020 0.9mof peoplethe (40%)coercive environment 1.4m with severe Gaza of West Bank PiN 154 38% of continuing concern are continuing attacks needs 86 2021 1.4m people (60%) Road Gate are severely impactedEarthmound by and intimidation by Israeli settlers, along with the the crisis authorities’ lack of adequate law enforcement.14 As of end-September, nearly 230 such incidents resulting in
16
change the pie chart with a bar chart with 2 columns for 2020 and 2021 each showing the absolute number of people with severe needs. Narrative: "the proportion of people with severe needs out of all PiN increased from 40% to 60%"
PEOPLE IN NEED BY GENDER AND AGE
of people who need one or 43,513 more humanitarian assistance live in Gaza M 36,283 compared to 0.9 m (36%) in the West Bank 1 563,392
M 1 581,619