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Perestroika and the Decline of Soviet Legitimacy
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1993 Contracts in Conflict: erP estroika and the Decline of Soviet Legitimacy Karl Glenn Hokenmaier Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the European History Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Hokenmaier, Karl Glenn, "Contracts in Conflict: erP estroika and the Decline of Soviet Legitimacy" (1993). Master's Theses. 775. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/775 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONTRACTS IN CONFLICT: PERESTROIKA AND THE DECLINE OF SOVIET LEGITIMACY by Karl Glenn Hokenmaier A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Political Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1993 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CONTRACTS IN CONFLICT: PERESTROIKA AND THE DECLINE OF SOVIET LEGITIMACY Karl Glenn Hokenmaier, M.A. Western Michigan University, 1993 Gorbachev’s perception of the Soviet Union’s socio-economic crisis and his subsequent actions to correct the economy and reform the political system were linked with attempts to renegotiate the social contract between the state and the Soviet people. However, reformulation of the social contract was incompatible with the conditions of a second arrangement between the leadership and the nomenklatura-the Soviet ruling class. -
Joint Ventures in the Soviet Union: Problems Emerge*
COMMENT Joint Ventures in the Soviet Union: Problems Emerge* I. INTRODUCTION On January 13, 1987, the Presidium1 of the USSR Supreme Soviet and the Soviet Union's Council of Ministers2 issued laws3 that authorized the establishment of joint ventures4 in * The author would like to thank Bill Frenkel, Esq. of LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby & MacRae for his generous advice and assistance. The author also acknowledges the valuable assistance and comments of Professor Michael Newcity of the University of Puget Sound School of Law and David Kelley of the Russian Research Center, Harvard University. 1. According to the Soviet Constitution, the Presidium is the highest policy making body of the Soviet Union. KONST. SSSR (Constitution) art. 118-20 (USSR). 2. "The Council of Ministers of the USSR, i.e., the Government of the USSR, is the highest executive and administrative body of state authority of the USSR." KONST. SSSR (Constitution) art. 128 (USSR). 3. The initial laws consisted of an Edict and a Decree. The Presidium of the USSR on January 13, 1987, passed the Edict On Questions Concerning the Establishment in the Territory of the USSR and Operations of Joint Ventures, InternationalAmalgamations and Organizationswith the Participationof Soviet and Foreign Organizations,Firms and Management Bodies [hereinafter Edict] (the official Russian text appears in Vedomosti Verkhovnovo Sovieta SSSR (1987), no. 2, item 35). The USSR Council of Ministers on January 13, 1987, enacted the Decree On the Establishment of the Territory of the USSR and Operation of Joint Ventures with the Participation of Soviet Corporations and Firms from Capitalist and Developing Countries [hereinafter Decree] (the official Russian text appears in the official gazette, Sobranie Postanovlenii i Pravitelstva SSSR (1987), no. -
Perestroika and Production : Management's Response to Reform
PERESTROIKA AND PRODUCTION : MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSE TO REFORM Susan J . Lin z Michigan State Universit y Working Paper #5 7 March 198 9 Data for this study were produced by the Soviet Intervie w Project . The current Working Paper Series is supported b y Contract No . 804-13 from the National Council for Soviet and Eas t European Research, James R . Millar, Principal Investigator . International Programs and Studies of the University of Illinoi s Urbana-Champaign and the Institute for Sino-Soviet Studies o f George Washington University have also provided support that i s much appreciated . The analysis and interpretations in this stud y are those of the author, not necessarily of the sponsors . Copyright 0 Soviet Interview Project NOTE * This paper was distributed at the NATO Annual Economic s Colloquium in March, 1989 and has therefore been in the hands o f most Government specialists since that time . It contains : (a) A concise summary of Soviet economic reform in the firs t three years of Gorbachev's reign, already somewhat dated by event s since, but a useful reminder to the specialist of evolution an d contradictions, and a valuable account and reference for th e general reader . (b) An analysis of whether enterprise management, o r management training, has been a constraint on the effort t o accelerate economic growth, raise the technological level o f industry, and improve the quantity and quality of consumer goods . This analysis includes : (c) The results of surveys reported in the Soviet press t o gauge management's response to perestroika, as contrasted wit h evidence from intensive interviews with recent emigrants who hel d responsible positions in the Soviet economic bureaucracy . -
Russian Politics and Journalism Under Mikhail Gorbachev's Perestroika
2020-3988-AJMMC 1 Russian Politics and Journalism under Mikhail 2 Gorbachev’s Perestroika and Glasnost: 3 Why Hopes Failed 4 5 6 The terms perestroika (literally, “transformation”) and glasnost (literally, 7 “transparency”) refer to the social change that took place in the Soviet Union in the 8 late 1980s. Then USSR leader, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the 9 CPSU, Mikhail Gorbachev, introduced perestroika as a necessary action to improve 10 the nation’s economy and its international relations. Glasnost was meant to promote 11 effective discussions regarding the country’s existing problems and shortcomings. 12 However, only a few years following their instatement, both processes did not 13 improve the sociopolitical situation. On the contrary, they led to the country’s 14 collapse. This article seeks to answer why gracious intentions, meant to actualize the 15 hopes and dreams of the Soviet people, eventually resulted in tremendously difficult 16 times. Special attention is paid to the role of the Soviet media, which became a 17 catalyst for many social problems. The authors raise the issue of the media’s level of 18 responsibility during this social transformation, which appeared to be one of the 19 most crucial conditions for its successful implementation. 20 21 Keywords: authoritarian culture, social transformation, civic society, perestroika, 22 glasnost, Soviet media 23 24 25 Introduction 26 27 Social transformation is a complex phenomenon achieved by shifting 28 traditional features of a country’s evolution and adopting new political insights 29 (Harvey, 1989; Blumler & Gurevitch, 1995; Coleman, 2001). It aims to change 30 both the existing system of governmental management and the relationship 31 between all political actors participating in it (Kelle & Koval’zon, 1981). -
Policies of Mikhail Gorbachev Between 1985-1991
Policies of Mikhail Gorbachev between 1985-1991: “How did the economy of the USSR change under perestroika and glasnost and with what consequences” words: 3938 Research Question: “How did the economy of the USSR change under perestroika and glasnost and with what consequences” Introduction Mikhail Gorbachev, the “architect” of perestroika1, attained the highest position of the Soviet Union in 1985 and was bound to be the last leader of one of the greatest superpowers of the 20th century. My research question: “How did the economy of the USSR change under perestroika and glasnost, and with what consequences” implicates an examination of the economic policies (perestroika) as well with the accelerative policies (glasnost) and an evaluation of the impact of them. My main secondary source is: “Perestroika - Process and Consequences” (2010, by various contributors). This particular source has many components necessary for this essay as the book is a selection of papers from the 7th Annual Aleksanteri Conference which was held at University of Helsinki in 2007. In the conference, historians were gathered to discuss perestroika. From the source I am able to obtain many firmly different interpretations of the time and from different perspectives - many of the contributors are from different countries, with backgrounds of their own. This source is quite perfect for this essay, helping with the rather complex analysis part and the method: trying to find components in the contemporary works and then analysing them with the help of the analysis we can access today. There is a minor flaw in its producing, because all of the articles are from the same conference. -
Western Marxism and the Soviet Union
Western Marxism and the Soviet Union LINDEN_F1_i-xi.indd i 5/11/2007 5:46:15 PM Historical Materialism Book Series Editorial Board Paul Blackledge (Leeds), Sébastien Budgen (Paris), Michael Krätke (Amsterdam), Stathis Kouvelakis (London), Marcel van der Linden (Amsterdam), China Miéville (London), Paul Reynolds (Lancashire), Peter Thomas (Amsterdam) VOLUME 17 LINDEN_F1_i-xi.indd ii 5/11/2007 5:46:17 PM Western Marxism and the Soviet Union A Survey of Critical Theories and Debates Since 1917 by Marcel van der Linden Translated by Jurriaan Bendien LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 LINDEN_F1_i-xi.indd iii 5/11/2007 5:46:17 PM The English translation has been made possible with the nancial support of the Netherlands Organization for Scienti c Research (NWO). This book is printed on acid-free paper. ISBN 978 90 04 158757 ISSN 1570-1522 © Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS LINDEN_F1_i-xi.indd iv 5/11/2007 5:46:17 PM Contents Preface ............................................................................................................ xi Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................................. -
Glasnost and Perestroika
Abhinava Goswami ABHINAVA GOSWAMI College of Vocational Studies University of Delhi Paper: History of the U.S.A: From Reconstruction to New Age Politics Paper No: 12316708 B.A. (Honors) History III Year VI Semester E-Resource for Lecture on 28.04.2020 Lecture Hrs.: 11.30 AM – 12.30 PM ***** Today’s lecture caters to the last rubric of the last unit of the syllabus (6E) and aims to introduce to the students, in the form of short notes, the major contexts and premises of Détente, SALT Treaties 1 and 2, the Reagan Doctrine and Mikhail Gorbachev’s Glasnost and Perestroika. The recommended readings and articles would be outlined in a separate email. A. Glasnost and Perestroika: Did Gorbachev Break the USSR? - Introduction The fall of the Soviet Union is perhaps the most talked about and exciting event of the 20th century. There are various theories and opinions about the reasons that ultimately led to the collapse of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The USSR existed from 1922 to 1991 and emerged as a superpower post in the Second World War. It remained one of the two superpowers for over four decades. During the Cold War, the USSR rebuilt and expanded its economy and also assisted in the reconstruction of the war-crippled European countries by turning them into satellite states. The Era of Stagnation which marked the period of economic, social and political stagnation. The Economic Stagnation is estimated to have begun in the early 1970s. Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the Soviet Union, came to power in 1985. -
Civil Society and Informal Associations in the Soviet Union
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1992 Perestroika from Below: Civil Society and Informal Associations in the Soviet Union Jerry James Sheehan This research is a product of the graduate program in Political Science at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Sheehan, Jerry James, "Perestroika from Below: Civil Society and Informal Associations in the Soviet Union" (1992). Masters Theses. 2219. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/2219 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THESIS REPRODUCTION CERTIFICATE TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the 'author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. /J. Date I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois -
The Collapse of a Communist Giant: a Study of Party Unity in the Soviet Union
University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) Spring 5-8-2020 The Collapse of a Communist Giant: A Study of Party Unity in the Soviet Union Jillian Vice Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Recommended Citation Vice, Jillian, "The Collapse of a Communist Giant: A Study of Party Unity in the Soviet Union" (2020). Honors Theses. 1322. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/1322 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE COLLAPSE OF A COMMUNIST GIANT: A STUDY OF PARTY UNITY IN THE SOVIET UNION © 2020 By Jillian S. Vice A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion Of the Bachelor of Arts degree in International Studies Croft Institute for International Studies Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College The University of Mississippi University, Mississippi April 2020 Approved: ________________________ Advisor: Dr. Joshua First ________________________ Reader: Dr. William Schenck ________________________ Reader: Dr. Gang Guo ________________________ 1 Table of Contents List of Tables………………………………………………………………………………….…..3 Abstract…………………………………………………………...………………………………5 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………5 Literature -
Russian Economic Reform
Russian Economic Reform Attempts to portray the reform of the Russian economy as a disaster are misleading because they fail to take account of the complexities of the transition from socialism to capitalism. Russum Economic Reform brings a coherent view to the Russian transition, by focusing on the actual pre-reform conditions including the widespread private, informal economic activity. The framework that emerges highlights the similarities among many seemingly disparate aspects of the reforming Russian economy- from infla tion to organized crime, from barter to military conversion. Throughout the emphasis is on real economic activity, rather than on formal plans for economic reform and the individuals behind them. Perceptions of the pre-reform Russian economy are often inaccurate, primarily because the logic of a centrally planned economy is so different from a capitalist one that familiar economic phenomena, such as unemployment and inflation, take unfamiliar forms. Likewise, conventional statistics such as Gross National Product measured different things in socialist economies than they did in capitalist ones. Staggering amounts of black market and hidden private econo mic activity contribute to the difficulties in gauging the pre-reform state of affairs. The misconceptions about the starting point for Russian economic reform that result lead to an exaggeration of the costs of transition. Many of the costs associated with the transition process are not new, though during the reform process they may be borne in different forms and by different people. Mean while some of the costs which are new are the result of either partial reform measures or new problems caused by regional political upheavals. -
The Role of Ideology in Soviet Economic Reform: a Comparison of the NEP, the Collectivization Campaign, and the Perestroika Program
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1992 The Role of Ideology in Soviet Economic Reform: A Comparison of the NEP, the Collectivization Campaign, and the Perestroika Program Geoffrey Myleo Goodale College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, Economics Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Goodale, Geoffrey Myleo, "The Role of Ideology in Soviet Economic Reform: A Comparison of the NEP, the Collectivization Campaign, and the Perestroika Program" (1992). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625757. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-w371-rf19 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Role of Ideology in Soviet Economic Reform: A Comparison of the NEP, the Collectivization Campaign, and the Perestroika Program A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Government The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Geoffrey M. Goodale 1992 Approval Sheet This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts j f l . ____ Geoffrey M. Goodale Approved, May 1992 Anne Henderson d Baxter Clay Clemens Table of Contents Page Abstract ii Introduction 2 Chapter I. -
The Development of the Foreign Investment Environment in the Russian Federation, 24 Case W
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 24 | Issue 3 1992 The evelopmeD nt of the Foreign Investment Environment in the Russian Federation Mark David Davis Robert J. Sokota Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Mark David Davis and Robert J. Sokota, The Development of the Foreign Investment Environment in the Russian Federation, 24 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 475 (1992) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol24/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. The Development of the Foreign Investment Environment in the Russian Federation by Mark David Davis* and Robert J. Sokota** I. INTRODUCTION 1 During the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic's seventy-year experi- ment with communism, foreign investment in the Soviet economy was almost entirely forbidden. Influx of foreign capital was considered incon- sistent with the basic tenets of the socialist command economy - princi- ples such as central planning and regulation, concentration of all productive assets in the state, and disapproval of foreign economic entan- glements. But in its final few years, the Soviet Union's attitude toward foreign investment radically