Pr THE „S rCORRAN HERALD? A BallymOt e Heritage Group Pr( kit tiOi)

PRICE 40p ISSUE 15 September/October 1988 A CARROWNTEMPLE SLAB On Eurovision 1988 Sligo Champion 1890 by Martin A. Timoney

The superb piece of tourist The slab shown is one of publicity seen by over 500 million fourteen slabs so far discovered at PRIZEFIGHT on Eurovision 1988 Song Contest, Carrowntemple, near Gurteen. It may seem to have ignored Co. is perhaps the most perplexing of IN Sligo. Indeed, some of our local all Sligo, if not Irish, Early politicians were quick to claim Christian slabs. On one face is BALLYMOTE that that was so (see Town Talk, carved a figure, while on the other From our Special Correspondent Sligo Champion 13th May, 1988). is a cross with a badly weathered This is not so as one of the now rectangular fret pattern below it. internationally famous Carrown- The slab measures 1.21 metres by temple slabs (see illustrations) was 47cm, and it varies from 6cm to shown in the initial sequence of 10cm in thickness. Youour rumour in the items last shots of major pieces of Irish The standing figure is carved in was wellfounded, as the sculpture. Sligo was not bypassed outline. The sub-circular head has fight which was announced came in that magnificent archaeologi- indentations for the forehead and to a very successful termination cal, historical, cultural chin. Around the face is a wide on last Sunday evening in the presentation that was Eurovision, border, perhaps representing a presence of a select few. The 1988.. halo. Contd. Page 2 principals, seconds and referee, as well as a well known popular gentleman and coming heir to No. 10 Carrowntemple large estates in the neighbourhood Top of Slab showing 'LUGS' formed the interesting group. The spot selected for the rendezvous was some three miles from Ballymote, in a lovely and secluded place where landlordism in the person of the notorious Dodwell has left its mark, by not leaving a house within a radius of two square miles. In a beautiful and well shaded valley surrounded on one side by a clump of trees and the other by a large fort, the pugilists with their friends met punctually at two o'clock. It was rather amusing during the day to see the police how they were baffled. From early morning they were perched on the surrounding hills. In the barn where it was expected the fight would take place, a policeman whose antagonism to these innocent little gloves is especially noticeable, was lying under the hay from five in 368 Carrowntemple Photographs by M. A. Timoney the morning. Contd. page 14 2 A CARROWNTEMPLE SLAB

On Eurovision 1988

From page ²

The arms are placed straight down by the sides and the feet are out-turned. The figure appears to be naked but originally it could have had a painted loin cloth. Because the navel and nipples are indicated it would appear that the upper parts of the body did not have painted-on clothes. On the other face of the slab is carved cross, consisting of a pair of triple-strand ribbons crossed at right-angles and knotted at their extremities. The cross is ringed by a band which turns inwards at four points to form figure-of-eight knots that occupy the spaces between the arms of the cross. Small bosses are used as space fillers. The area below the cross bears the remnants of a rectilinear or fret pattern. There are strange 'ear-like' features at the top corners of the slab itself. This slab, which is the only Carrowntemple slab decorated on both faces, was intended to stand upright. There can be no doubt about the Crhistian reference of the cross. It is a matter of specualtion as to who the figure represents. Educated speculation is onl y speculation, but the feeling that the figure represents Christ just will not go away. It is impossible to say if there is any appreciable time difference between the carving of the two designs on the slab which appears to me to have been prepared for the figure. The unique character of the carved figure, the only CROSS-FACE representalional design in Carrowntemple, Co. Sligo. Carrowntemple, does not seem to at least 9.40 metres survive in the Photograph by M. A. T. have anything comparable in old graveyard. This is within two these islands. The uniqueness of concentric enclosures. There are several of the designs far surpasses two souterrain chambers (caves) fourteen slabs in a book of essays an y other mainland Sligo slab or to the west of the old graveyard. to Miss Helen M. Roe, the expert pillar and makes this site second Grose. writing in 1 795, noted that of Irish Earl y Christian and only to Inishmurray. at the time of Elizabeth I Medieval learning, for her Carrountemple is an Early Carrowntemple belonged to the ninetieth birthda y . The book is Christian monastic enclosure on castle of Ball y mote. called 'Figures from the Past.' was the lines of Reask (Kerry,) Some of the slabs were brought edited b y Prof. Etienne Rynne, Kiltiernan (Galway, Innishmur- to archaeological notice in 1973 and is available from the Royal ra\ or Clonmacnoise. So far b y Mr. Joseph Sweene y . N. T.. Societ y of Antiquaries, 63 thirteen decorated slabs, one Gurteen. Others wele found by Merrion Square. Dublin. at rough-out for a slab and a socket- Dr. P. F. Wallace of the National (29.50 plus £2 p & p. It contains stone have been discovered. Two Museum and b y m y self, and two twent y lwo essa ys on Early of the slabs are on displa y in the local workers. Jimm y O'Gara and Christian and Mediaeval art in its Treasur y of The National Ra y mond McGuinn, employed in 330 pages. The copy of the statue Museum in Dublin. The the recent clean-up of the of St. Molaise of Inishmurray fragmentary remains of what may graveyard found yet others. In which is in Grange village is dealt have been a medieval parish 1987. Dr. Wallace and I presented with in a seperate essay in the church, measuring 6.40 metres by a description of the site and its book. 3 Prize Fight in Ballymote contd from page I

The strictest surveillance was Round six was action packed. COMBAT kept on a well known and popular In round seven both men were sportsman, whom the police breathing very hard and O'S was shadowed all day as they believed in retreat. Round eight O'S POVERTY he was to act as referee. It is knocked K down at end of round. surmised that this true supporter Rounds nine to twelve O'S of the fistic art remained in town asserted his superiority knocking by Una Preston to deceive the police, even though K twice. Round thirteen Kilduff he was in secret forfeiting the weakening stood on the line near pleasure of seeing the fight in his side. O'S measured his man order not to involve others in the and with his right arm fully danger of being caught. extended, quick as a flash, turned COMBAT POVERTY Two young men left the town at completely around on his right twelve o'clock and on the way heel, landing the back of his hand A hugh task. The pattern of to- they picked up a mysterious on K's neck just below the ear. day's poverty has been building looking man with a black bag Kilduff fell flat. up for years and there is little nicknamed 'Jack the Ripper' and Round fourteen O'S got K's idication that a cure will be it is believed Jack came a long way head in a chancery and punished found now. There are all the signs to referee the figu,. .:le greatest him mercilessly. Round fifteen present that point to a greater and credit is due to those who O'S forced the fight with one growing inbalance in our society. succeeded so well in deceiving the terrific blow to the head and three Recent Government cut-backs in police and helping thereby to uppercuts to the chin. K fell on his health care and education have bring the fight to a finish. face down and out. The fight was their greatest effect on the old, the It may not be out of place here formally declared in favour of sick, the poor and, of course, to give a description of the O'Shaughnessy, who received the children. pugilists before giving details of prize of ten pounds. Those who can pay as we have the fight. For certain reasons we Another pair of athletes seen in the past will always have must give assumed names. Kilduff residing in the town are to be in services available to them. Even is a man of some thirty years, the ring in about a week. now new private hospitals are almost six feet tall rather slightly appearing and of course private built with great muscular schools have been and will be appearance and weighing one JANUARY 1890. there for those who can pay for hundred and seventy five pounds, BALLYMOTE them. his face having a stern and care There are rumours that social worn look after his spending some A meeting was held in the welfare is in line for a chop in the ten years in the land of the free. schoolroom on Sunday evening, autumn. What form that will take O'Shaughnessy rather older January 19th to take steps to erect remains to be seen. Again the looking than his opponent and a ballcourt in the fairgreen. Sir bottom line, and still no some four inches smaller and Robert Gore-Booth has already suggestion of cut-backs in scaling fourteen pounds l'ss. vet given permission for the venture. sinecure jobs, double pensions of powerful physique and For many years the project has and massive salaries so that those wonderful development, seemed been contemplated, the young who would combat poverty must not to be as well taken up as his men of the town have no other highlight the inequalities that the Yankee opponent. Four ounce amusement on Summer evenings. present pattern of cut-hacks are gloves were used. A Committee was appointed: causing and call for a realistic look At the call of time both men Rev. P. J. O'Grady, C.C., at the massive expenditure at the stepped promptly to the centre of President: John Cogan, Hon- top of the scale. Also, some the ring. Secretary. thought must be given to the Round One began with :aoth men present pattern of mass sparring cautiously for about one emigration of the young and the minute when Kilduff led once with TEA KITCHENER effect it is likely to have on Ireland's future. Balancing the his left to O'Shaughnessy's face, with Brass Cock but fell short, and O'Shaughnessy books is important but are we retorted with a short right on paying too high a price. Kilduffs jaw. More light sparring There are many questions to be followed when K struck O'S on asked. Is there no check on the face. A quick exchange emigration at our end. Have the followed and time was called. young emigrants any skills? Have Exchanges were even to round they contacts? Have they money? five when O'S sent his man to the Surely this country has line with heavy blows. A clinch responsibilities. Why must followed in which both indulged charitable organisations in Britain in rapid fighting. At parting both have to bear the brunt of helping slogged regardless of science until these young people? time was called. THE COMMUNITY COUNCIL Ball y mote needs a central BOGS &BOGLAND kernel of thought, decision- making and action. At present there is a plethora of little groups each doing their own thing (jealously). Some improvements t is calculated that one fifth of Facts supplied by Dr. Matthias have been achieved but there is I this country is covered in hog, Schouten. need of co-ordination if the target part of this being classed as of a town that has eliminated its cutawa y or reclaimed hog. The had spots and retained and hogs develop where the ground hollows include hog cotton developed its good ones is to be has been waterlogged. As (Ercophorum species). hog reached. vegetation grows in flooded aspodel (Narthecium ossifragum) The Community CJouncil is conditions it dies and accumulates cross leaved heath (Erica such a body. During the almost six as peat. Tetralex) and white beaked sedge years of its existence it has been Blanket bogs. usually about six (Rhynchosporo Alba) while the responsible for many worth-while feet deep, are found in high hummocks are dominated b y ling developments, but it has been up- rainfall areas in the west and on weather (Calluna vulgaris), hog hill work. Its real message doesn't the mountains around the rosemary (Andromeda polifolia) seem to have been generally country . Some have been reduced and a number of lichens. understood or accepted. It should by turf-cutting and erosian to a be having an imput from every mere skin. Raised bogs, found Frogs are common on the bog organised group in the area, and mainly in the midland counties, while in the pools at the bottom of where decisions of a major nature average about twenty feet in depth the bog, frogspawn and tadpoles have to be made should be able to so they have a much longer life. may be found. Waterskaters, summon a general get-together Bogs have been growing for the waterspiders, water beetles, water for discussion. past ten thousand years. They g '-orpions and slugs can be seen. This is an era of rapid change provide a unique field of research On the drier parts of the bog the and an organisation such as a into the history of the occupation caterpillars of a number of Community Council must keep of the country. In the waterlogged betterflies and moths can be found abreast of on-going changes and depths everything is preserved feeding on the bog plants, while be in a position to deal with them. pollen seeds and insects. Centuries the adult insects feed on the nectar to counter their bad effects or to of successive summers are of the bog flowers. The large take advantage of their good ones. accounted for in the pollens of heath, green hairstreak, wall A recent project of the council, trees and grasses which can be brown meadow brown, small the setting up of a Tourist identified and thereby the change tortoiseshell, peacock, small Development Association, has in vegetation, from prehistoric white, orange tip, common blue, been a success. At present efforts times can be reconstructed. silver washed fritillary, small are being made to establish a Sometimes it is possible to see copper, emperon moth and the Credit Union, and though this is pine stumps or bog deal along the oak eggar can all be found in the bog. Dragon flies and damsel are as yet only at the study stage, it has cutaways, and there are a fair chance of being a success. approximately four thousand hunters on the bog and their larvae may be glimpsed hunting Unlike most other organisa- years old. Through research of among the Sphagna in pools. tions, Community Councils have this kind we know that the statutory recognition and can act primeval forest was cleared by A number of birds such as the in an advisory capacity to County neolithic farmers to make room malland, snipe, curlew, redshank, Councillors and local authorities. for crops and animals. It has also pheasant, meadow pipit, skylark been found that past phases of bog and linnet are common on bogs growth related to periods of and may nest on the hummocks, deterioration in our climate. while the Greenland white- SLOW-COMBUSTION STOVE. At a glance raised bogs appear fronted goose may roost on bogs flat and lifeless, but they do in winter. The perimeter of the possess a combination of plants bog is a good hunting ground for and animals that are adapted to birds, particularly the cuckoo, life in this habitat. The surface of willow warbler, various thrushes the bog is not flat but is made up and finches, corncrake and reed of a series of pools, lawns and bunting. Birds of prey, expecially hummocks. kestrels, perlgrimes and her The dominant plant on the bog harriers, may be seen flying over surface is the bog moss or the bog hunting the smaller Sphagnum. Different species of inhabitants. Sphagnum grow in the pools, and Although harder to see, in the lawns and hummocks, mammals also occur on bogs - the forming a richly coloured mosaic. fox, badger and hare. Even when The hummocks stand up above they are not seen it is possible to the waterlogged hollows and are observe their tracles or resting better drained. The plants of the places. contd. on page 13 5 AN OLD MAN'S AMAZING STORY by P. J. Duffy

n 1960 while standing in the Scanlon went on to explain how I farmyard at the place where I these young people who were not now reside , I became involved in a in possession of any land what LATE JIM SCANLON conversation with the late James whatsoever, and didn't even own i Scanlon, a man in his early the shacks in which the y dwelled, eighties who resided nearby. were totally wiped out in the hearthstones, I immediately During the course of the exceptionally severe weather recognised as having come from discussion he pointed to a conditions prevailing during the turf obtained from a nearby bog. stonewall fence which separated Winter of 1846 -'47. They were, he A heavy film of soot which had the farmyard from an adjoining added, foolish young people who formed on flat hob stones at the field. 'You see that spot over had run away to get married at an back of each fireplace was as there' he said, drawing my earl y age, and their death, secure as it had been when the attention to a sloping incline that resulting from starvation was an cabins were abandoned. reached to the base of the inevitable result of this act of folly. For a couple of moments I stonewall. 'At a period during the His father had told him that at viewed, in stunned silence, lhe first half of the last century there the time the couples married, their spectacle I had just uncovered. My resided alongside that stonewall parents and neighbours had taken thoughts at once went back to the five families who were totally a day off to build them a house. old man who in the first place had wiped out during the famine This was usually a one roomed told me the story. How I wished he years.' thatched structure called a were still around to see the His grim revelation immedia; bothán. In rural Ireland at that unveiling of its proof and tely aroused my curiosity, and I time botháns were often built substance. My mind dwelt on the proceeded to question him more close together in tiny settlements poor unfortunate creatures who fully as to his source of called clacháns, so in actual fact had existed here, and the information. To my amazement the information I had been getting nightmare of torture and suffering he was able to inform me that his was an exact description of an they must have endured. Surely, it father, who had died in 1919, at Irish clachán. wasn't unreasonable to assume the age of 97 years, had assisted Although the bothán may have that they must have been instantly with the carrying out of the dead solved their housing problems, delivered into eternal salvation. bodies, wrapped in straw coffins, Scanlon maintained that these That was just one man's and then burying them in the people had no prospect account of the great hunger that corner of a nearby field. A short whatsoever of ever earning a ravaged our land towards the time later he took me to the spot livelihood, and the failure of the middle of the last centur y . The and pointed out some mounds of potato crop was for them the final event I have just mentioned clay and stones and an ancient stroke. By the time the Board of tended to intensify m y interest in whitethorn bush which he said Works employment scheme had the happenings that occured had been planted by his father and gotten under way they were too during that particular period in the other people who had carried weak to work. They had, he time. Sometime later I was to out the burials. He went on to concluded, died of famine fever in listen to other stories told about explain that the name of the spot the Spring of 87 and their wasted droves of hungry people trudging where the remains of those people bodies were taken out and buried off to work in the morning and lie buried is called Cree; 'it is' he at the place already described. returning drenched wet at the end continued 'sacred ground, and Scanlon died in March, 1963, of the day. The Board of Works don't ever let anybody interfere and three years later while had opened up relief schemes for with it, or with that whitethorn clearing a site for the erection of a the needy, and employment bush.' hayshed the grim truth of the story became available through the Needless to say, his entire story he had told me suddenly unfolded making of roads and the building had fascinated me in the extreme, as one by one I uncovered traces of sod fences, mainl y on landlord for up until that time I had of four of those little homesteads. property. I remember m y late regarded the famine as a remote The ground on whtch they had father pointing out a spot on our disaster that had taken place in the stood was remarkably dry, and own farm where a man dropped dim and distant past instead of the flat stones and rubble which dead while returning from work at something that had occured a concealed the lower . portion of Ballyfaghy, which involved the mere one hundred and fourteen each cabin were decked by a heavy building of a double-ditch, linking years before. I now found myself layer of moss. This covering the townland with Carrowlough- discussing the event with a real ensured that after 119 odd years, lin. A double-ditch was a broad living link, somebody with a first the remains of the entire sod fence usually erected as a hind account of the happenings as settlement was in a remarkable boundary separating one it was told to him by h;5 n w n state of preservation. Deposits of landlord's property from another. father. reddish brown ash on the Contd. page 14 6

BALLYMOTE SOCCER TEAM 1905

Front Row: John (Bull) Berreen, Rathdooney; John (Doc) Emmet St and Martin Wimsey, LEmmet St. Back Row: Chambers, Emmet St. Middle Row: Willie Snee, Rathdooney; McManus, Emmet St; John Brennan, Michael Never, Derroon; Michael Fox, Emlaghgeishen, John Joe Dockrey, O'Connell Paddy Alcock, Carnaree; Brennan Emmet St and big Jim St; Frank (Sony) Cunnane, Wolfe Tone St; Willie Candon, Reynolds, Emmet St. Photograph courtesy of Mrs. Peggy McGettrick.

Our thanks to Mr. John Perry for by Una Preston 3ALLYMOTE I supplying photographs of cookers Ballymote seems to becoming meeting place. If it would sell itself etc. dating from the turn of the .ware of its potential to be more tourist-wise Ballymote's cultural century. attractive and efficient. Some of potential must be re-animated, its derelict sites have been co-ordinated, developed and attended to. Two attractive and made presentable and to that end up-to-date restaurants have made the first need is a centre. Is the Cooking Stove their appearance recently and the provision of such a place a task for grim courthouse in its the Tourist Development commanding position now has a Association, the District Council walled garden with trees, or both? ornamental shrubs and flowers at The Heritage Groups efforts to its base while the statue of a local find a suitable centre for its h whose achievements are well- activities and to house a small forgotten now stands out in museum have so far proved r relief than when it was unsuccessful. A site is available :.urrounded by parked cars. but the construction costs of That fine old cinema should building is a major obstacle. have another use. Could it become These Lottery funds - a cultural centre? The town has Ballymote could use some, and is musicians, writers, artists and this now progressive little town THE DUMPHY. dramatists, but no suitable not entitled to a share? THE BUILDING OF BALLYMOTE CHURCH

BUILDING OF THE The pillars were built in layers CHURCH joined by a bed of lime-mortar in by Declan McGrath between. The floors were laid in I There seems to be some metre squares to prevent cracking. uncertainty as to when the church Bales of wool were used to soak up was started and finished. some of the water in order to lay In J. C. McDonagh's book it is the foundation. Shortly after Canon Denis stated that work on the Ballymote Timber poles were used as Tighe became parish priest of church began in 1857, directed by Ballymote in 1863, he set about scaffolding and wire or rope Rev. Denis Canon Tighe, and was lashings were used to hold them planning for a new church for the completed under Rev. John together. Lime mortar, horse hair parish. Many fine churches were Canon McDermott in 1881. being built in the diocese around and oxen blood were used to bond However, it is stated in the this time under the guidance of the the bricks of limestone together. parish records that the building Bishop of the diocese, Dr. Patrick was started in 1863 and was COST Durcan. completed in 1884. So it is unclear The estimated cost of the The architect appointed for to which dates are right, but there building was £2,743. It is designing the new church was is only a difference of 3 years. important to remember that £ 1 in George Goldie of a well known J. C. McDonagh reckons it the 19th century corresponds to London firm called Hadfield & took 24 yrs. to build and the about £300 in today's money. So Goldie. He had designed many parish records state that it took 21 in today's money terms the total churches in the country including yrs. cost of the church, including two others in the diocese as well as It is important to note that there inflation could reach £1,000,000 the cathedral in Ballaghaderreen. is an inscription over the main (1 million) if not more. The contractor who was in charge entrance door on a sheet of glass Most of the money had to be of building the church was Mr. which displays the date 1857 and collected from outside the parish - Barker. this date appears again on the side from all parts of Ire land, from There has been no structural door deside the steeple carved out England, Scotland, the United change in the church apart from of rock. Stated and Canada. the building of a toilet block THE FOUNDATION As there was a lot of poverty in which is linked with the main the west of Ireland, especially at building via a corridor into the STONE that time, Canon Tighe travelled sacristy. The site was prepared and widely in an effort to collect funds. THE SITE everything was ready for the CONTRACT laying of the foundation stone on The site of the church was Wednesday, 12th October, 1859. Division 1: 1 portion, excavation, granted, free of charge, by Sir masonry, cut stone work - £1.515; This was preceded by a High Robert Gore-Booth. It is situated Stone arches, £100; Portion of Mass in the old church (Loftus beside the old church which is now tower, £260; Mr. Barker, £1,683 - Hall) at which the Bishop, Dr. known as the Loftus Hall and is 10 -0 (withdrawal); Balance, £191 Durcan, presided and at which used as a community fac :ility. - 10 - 0. Arches, clerestory, west Dr. Terence O'Rourke, P.P. rose window, chancel window, a Gore-Booth was a very rich and Collooney preached. powerful man and was owner of budget of £191 - 10 - 0. 2 Portion, Some days previously a the town at that time. He was roof, sacristy, porch, slates, lime, protestant, Mr. Jackson gave his grandfather of the Countess sand, barging - £50. Portion 1 plus men a holiday so that they could Markievicz. portion 2 equals £ 1,925. attend the ceremony of the laying As the site was very soft and wet Division 11: Roofing, slating - of the stone. The stone weighed 17 £868. there was great difficulty in cwt. securing the foundation. Huge During his campaign to raise bales of wool were used and pillars MATERIALS USED funds for the church, Canon Tighe were placed several feet under Walls Limestone had many letters published in the ground. Roofs Pine Sligo Champion of the time Site 3 is the location for the Seats Mahogany acknowledging money received style. The style of the church is Floor .... Terazzo and Mosaic and reporting on the progress of gothic. This can be seen in the Windows Stained Glass the building. One of these dated arches which are supported by CONSTRUCTION 5th July, 1860 reads as follows:- pillars. Gothic design can also be METHODS Dear Sir, seen in all its big windows except Availing myself of your usual Pulleys were used to haul the for .the small ciccular on es at kindness, I beg to acknowledge the Limestone blocks up to the either gable. receipt of fl from Mr. Pat Kean, required height. The blocks were These small windows display merchant, New York, as his second placed on pallet-like boards. Roman architecture, which can subscription towards the funds I am Horses were then used to work the also he seen in the arch-ways of collecting to build our new church pulleys. the doors. in Ballymote. BALLYMOTE CHURCH The important point now to be Collecting and begging was not Contd. from page 7 decided and that as speedy as the only way money was got for possible is that carrying on the the new church. In 1862 a raffle Mr. Kean is a native second portion of the contract, was held in the old church. Tickets of this rising town. The building of namely, roofing and slating to were one shilling each and the our beautiful gothic church is which was apportioned the sum of prizes included a gold watch and progressing most favourably. The £868 your present chapel is in chain, a silver watch and a number staff of mechanics and labourers is dangerous and unfit state for divine of other wide and varied prizes. now so large that it will take over worship. The walls of the new Shown below is a copy of one of £40 a week to pay them, but I hope church if left exposed for the winter the tickets which is preserved in will be sure to that we will be able to push on with suffer from wet and the parish records. the work and leave the walls in a wind. good way before the winter I cannot conclude without overtakes us. expressing the feelings of Dr. Tighe, P.P. satisfaction with which I see the manner in whcih the church is In another edition of the paper With winter fast approaching working out and I feel convinced he acknowledged receipt of £21 - and the need for the roofing of the that when completed it will prove an 4 - 0 from Austin Mullarkey, church, Canon Tighe got a ornament and credit to the county Augusta, Georgia, which was a welcome surprise. and parish. hugh sum by any standards. John Smith of Smigh & Knight, In the Sligo Champion of June G. Goldie, Architect. Railway contractors, Sligo, 29th, 1861, the following letter offered to convey all the timber from Mr. G. Goldie, architect for In reference to the above letter and slates required for the roofing the new church and written to Fr. it is unclear why the stone masons free of charge. Many of those Tighe was published. went on strike, but it is most likely employed on the construction of Dear Canon Tighe, to be on account of wages. the railway to Sligo contributed Contributions for the roofing of I have the honour to report to on a regular basis to the church the church soon began to come in fund. yourself and your Committee upon to Canon Tighe after the the state of your new church. I have publication of this letter. These OFFICIAL OPENING & gone most carefully over all the were ' acknowledged in later DEDICATION work this day am happy to record editions of the Sligo Champion, my general satisfaction with the By September, 1864, work on manner in which Mr. Barker (our for example, the munificent sum the new church had advanced of £25 - 5 - 0 from Mr. Charles sufficiently for its solemn contractor) has carried out my Kerins, Saint Catherines, Canada plans and specifications to the dedication and official opening on West, America. A list of U.S. present time. The unfortunate Sunday, 4th September. contributors gave in all $122. strike of the masons, for which Mr. Mass was held to mark the Barker is in no ways answerable, Canon Tighe travelled north to occasion and was dedicated to the has thrown back the progress of the collect funds and expressed his worship of the Most High by the works, but I have urged upon him gratitude to the people for their REv. Dr. Durcan, Lord Bishop of generosity. Achonry. the importance of pushing on during the fine weather and so make up for lost time as much as -- r- :.... , - . _. possible. The first division of the .•., ► ^,T.-r • contract is now approaching SO completion. It was to include •%PJ–i NEW C:ITIIOLIC' CHURCH AT BILLI'MOTF., excavation, masonry and cut-stone work and to cost £1,515. To this ^xa '•N .01 - DEA)/VIN‘xi , ; .; amount is added, by your desire and 'r. 16"11y the \E\1' LA'1,í10(11(41C;ItC'll at II.ILLYSIOTE, will IA) held instructions, stone arches for £100 ; -"" I n LD CHAPEL; .CF QALLYMOTE and a portion of the tower for f260 • ; Qu Tuesday, th e.' 25th cf follgwing Day, • making in all £1,875. Of this Mr. March next, and • i • FOlt J CER1' 1lA\DSUJIE Barker has drawn f1,683 - 10 - 0, 03r leaving a balance off 191 - 10 - 0 to 8 WÁTCiM"A1iD C AiN; A • . . -n" A SILVl;it complete the arches, clerestory, ;611111"12:11'0'. 11,11/1110 y 9211.111';3_, west rose window and chancel C ;' `,1' II ; • 4 ONE L'.\•D J'OTl:', ,uunl:r-s .UELUDIE:, • t window and arch. • • .\n&`,.\uu,Lcr uf 3 ll l cr \'aluaLlc Prizes. t • TICKETS But to this balance may be added .• • ONE SHILLING Edell To la, L..1 01 tFn: \ • rr t Ifv,. U. • rluur • J'J'•, acv. J. ts.tlu,rrr. C.C. ; Ju,lv l}. Its ltul.ná, E.:f., iutiyln, ; tt,: 1 ' riucil:,t the value of the roof the sacristy Iallal.;t,a,l, uf 1^^11 1 ^,,,,tc ; ut thc )th,u l_'u.Utl • lu y llfliCc ; ur trulu • • and porch, slates, lime, sand, JOHN E.'1'IUIIE, • barging etc., on the ground which L.1\IEL 3lí}.)loí:, j ^`'rtarieY. may be estimated at £50 and which ^ ^._:^.^..., - --•^ _/ belong to the second portion of the The Freemans Journal of the of the 'most spacious, most contract, so that you have a sum, or following day commented that the substancial and at the same time an equivalent, for £241 - 10 - 0 to church which is dedicated to the one of the handsomest temples of complete the first portion of the Blessed Virgin and her catholic worship to be found in contract the value of which is about Immaculate Conception, was one the country districts of Ireland.' f 199. contd. page 10 9 Rev. Bro. JOHN HANNON UNION OF Rev. Bro. John Hannon, who had been Principal of the BUNNINADDEN Roscommon C.B.S., for the past LEWIS SURVEY 1837 six years, has been appointed Manager of the new £4.5 m. BALLYMOTE school for deaf children, run by the C.B.S. in Cabra. Son of the late Mr. and Mrs. Michael Hannon, Keenaghan, Ballymote, Cloonoghill a parish in the he will take up his new post in barony of Corran, County of August. Brother Hannon is a member of a family of five, four Sligo and province of Connaught; boys and one girl. Educated at 3 and a half miles W.S.W. from Ballymote N.S. and St. Joseph's, Ballymote containing 2241 Baldoyle, ,he qualified as a Primary teacher in the early inhabitants. sixties and was finally professed This place was formerly called as a member of the community in Cloonymeaghan, and was the seat 1965. In that year, he also graduated from U.C.D., as a of a Dominican monastery teacher for the deaf. Over the founded about 1488 by the sept of past two decades he has had McDonagh which afterwards considerable teaching and became a call to that of Sligo; at managerial experience in C.B.S. schools throughout this country the dissolution its possessions and was also attached to the were granted to Richard C.B.S. in Zambia for a period. Kyndelinshe. His teaching post in C.B.S. schools in that period included The parish contains 4551 the O'Connell Schools, Colaiste statute acres as apploted under the Mihuire, Parnell Square, St. tithe Act; the land is generally Mary's, Drogheda; Tullamore C.B.S. and Tuam. C.B.S. While eood and there is not much bog. Superior of the Roscommon Limestone quarries are worked. Community, Brother Hannon Fairs are held at Bunenadden, had a major role to play in the Jan. 14th, Jun 2nd, August 6th, C.B.S. Golden Jubilee celebrations in Roscommon. He Sept. 10th, Oct. 7th and also directed the school extension November 29th. building project which is The principal seats are currently in its third phase and took a great interest in the Ballinaglogh the residence of J. performance of the gaelic teams West Esq. Greyfort, J. Rea Egq, of the college. Drumraine, J. Taaffe Esq, Old Rock, J. Trumble Esq. It is a rectory and vicarage in the diocese of Achonry. The rectory is partly impropriate in J. Baker Esand partly with the BALLYMOTE SHOW vicarage forms a portion of the union and corps of the deanery of Achonry. The tithes amount to £170 per annum of which £90 is payable to the impropriator and the remainder to the Dean. In the Roman Catholic division it is the head of a union or district called Buninaden comprising Cloonoghill, Kilturna and Kilshalvy containing two chapels of which that of Cloonaghill at Buninaden is a large slated building. There is a school at Ballynaglogh under the patronage of John West Esq. in which are about 110 children; there is also a hedge school of about 50 children. On the banks of the Owenmore river are the remains of an old castle built by the McDonaghs. On the lands of Churchhill is a large cromlech, consisting of one Presentation of Paddy Brady Perpetual Cup by Mr. Bill McGovern, horizontal and three upright stones also the ruins of an old church. 1 0

BALLYMOTE CHURCH

It goes on to say that the style of architecture is pure gothic, the arches and pillars separating the nave from the aisles are remarkably elegant in outline and the doors and windows also give evidence of their graceful design. So it can be seen from this report, full of praise for the new church, that it was and still is one of great splendour and beatiful architectural design. Great credit must go to the Most Rev. Canon Tighe for his efforts in the building of the new church. In the same report the paper 12d equals £15 had this to say about Canon 72d equals £90 Tighe. `To the able, indefatigable The average wage in the late and sincerely beloved pastor of 19th Century was about6 shillings 1880's stone mason £90 (todays the parish the very Rev. Canon (72d) or a shilling a day (12d) money) equals 1980's brick layer £200. Tighe, the highest credit is due for maximum. his great and unwearied efforts. It is important to note that there So as can be seen from the His admirable and devoted people was 240d in the Punt. above table the wage has increased by over 60%. are worthy of a share in the However, the stonemasons and honour, for they have zealously the carpenters would have earned But it is very important to note co-operated with their pastor in a better pay than the labourers. that the hours were for longer in the 1800's than present day time. all his labours.' The following table shows the After the death of Rev. Canon wage converted into todays In the 19th Century a days work Tighe in 1876 an altar was erected maney terms and it also shows the consisted of 12 hours a day for 6 to pay respect to his memory by percentage increase in the wage days a week. Compared to present day times where it is an 8 hour his two brothers and the compared to todays counterpart day, 5 days a week. inscription reads as follows: of the stonemasons, the Pray for the very Rev. Denis CAnon brick/block layer. Then: 12 hours a day 6 days a Tic he P.P. of Ballymote by whose 1880's 1980's week. Now: 8 hours a day 5 days a zealous exertions this church was £1 equals week. Then: 72 hours a week. £300 Now: 40 hours a week. Then: Id built and to whose respected 240d equals £300 memory this altar has been erected an hour (max). Now: £5 an hour by his devoted brothers Edward and (min). Note an 1880 worker 24d equals James Tighe. Died 20th Dec. 1876. £30 worked almost twice the hours of May he rest in peace. 4d equals £5 his/her present day counterpart. He had served in the Parish for 23 years (1853 - 1876). It is interesting to note that the Tara-Mairéad Bishop of the diocese, at that time, Rev. Dr. Durcan, served in Ballymote parish from 1823 to 1832 (9 years) and when he arrived first, some of the parishoners Trust resented his coming to Ballymote and they planned an attack on his life one day while he was dining with Fr. Fitzmaurice of Keash. Fund They changed their minds at the last minute, however, and spared his life. Tara and Mairéad McHugh. Knocknohur, Sligo, are two young Cheques should be made payable to: sisters who suffer from an unidentified condition which causes a He later became one of the Allied 1rish Bank, Stephen St.. lack of balance and impairs the movement of their limbs. Account No. 44854075 Sligo. greatest bishops of the diocese and Tara. aged 6 cannot walk unaided and has difficulties with her in 1864 he consecrated the new speech. Mairíad, aged /3 months suffers from the same condition. Bank of Ireland, Grattan St., church. Now there is hope for these children. A Fund has been set up to Account No. 93505429 Sligo. send them to the world famous Pero Institute in Hungary. Sorting Code: 90 - 54 - 67 WAGES Treatment there involves intense sessions of therapy lasting for In one of his letters, Canon periods of several weeks each time. Tighe stated it took £40 to say all The Tara-Mairéad Trust Fund hopes re raise the necessary finance for both sisters. Tighe stated it took £40 to pay al' Please give as generousl y as you can. to the Tara-Mairéad Trust the workers working on the site. Fund. 11 CONNAUGHT RANGERS MUTINY Prue the remains of Daly and his comrades BOYHOOD MEMORIES were brought from India to rest I oft times think of boyhood days, 'And How can man die better, amongst their own, but their Before you said Goodbye, Than facing fearful odds, fellow mutineers - the survivors of In all this world could there be found For the ashes of their fathers. the torrid incarceration, and Such pals as you and I? And the temples of his Gods' incidental cruelities of Jullunder We shared each others secrets then, Sentiments such as these must and Solan - apart from a pittance- In trouble side by side. have been the thought-patterns of pension granted to them in the late We faced each boyhood tragedy, that gallant band of Irishmen, thirties, went to their graves We laughed and dreamed or sighed. who spurned the might of the 'unwept, unhonoured and As to each mood our heartstrings played, British Empire and laid down unsung' by an indifferent and In happiness or care, arms on a barrack square in India unthinking Ireland. Then spoke we oft the magic of during the Anglo-Irish War of Among those soldier patriots The circus, race and fair. 1919-21. They were members of who put their lives on the line was And short the time since you were here, the Connaught Rangers Regiment Private Jimmy Gorman from And romance led us on, in the service of His Majesty the Tubbercurry, who was the only Though many Summers saw we since, King. Sligo man to be identified with And many Winters gone, Their action was in protest this heroic episode. Jimmy came When on one far Autumnal night against British atrocities in back to his native town, where he We said Goodbye, and fell ireland, and as a gesture of their married, raised a family and To sadness neath the lonel y moon - identification with Ireland's fight became an active and industrious The moon that knew us well, for freedom. The incident became member of the community. How oft in many a ghosted hour. known as the Connacht Ranger's He donned the khakai again in (Oh carefree happy pair) mutiny, and the penalty for the fifties when he was `enlisted' Upon a bridge that knew us best, mutiny was death. Their leader, by the Phoenix Players to play the We built our castles there. part of a British Tommy in James Daly from Tyrellspass,'Co. But though fu)l man y moons have gone Westmeath, was executed, and Journey's End. His characterisa- Since far thy lot was cast. two others were killed in an attack tion was his swan song to things Remembered still thou art. and will, martial. on a magazine. The rest were Companion of the past. sentenced to various terms of And journeys end came finally Oft in that little chapel where penal servitude. for Jimmy in the early hours of Two rascals feigned a prayer. The survivors, be it known, New Year's morning in 1978. In In quietude I speak you name were no less heroic than their Sligo surgical hospital he heard To Him who's always there. leader who faced the firing squad, the Reveille that heralded the I ask God's blessing on a boy, or their comrades who died in dawn of an eternal day. Aged Who sailed across the sea. action. They knew the penalty eighty one he went to join The Who left such impress on my heart. that would follow as a corollary to Man from Tyrellspass, to join And memories to me. Sears and Smith and all those the ultimate in military indicipline J. Kilcoyne - de facto they, too, made the other members of that gallant supreme sacrifice in everything conspiracy, whose heroism but acutality. They were denied captured world imagination and this consummation when the embarrassed an empire. British, fearful of world opinion, by John Kilcoyne spared their lives. Following the general amnesty brought about by the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty they were SCULLY'S released from prison and returned BALLYMOTE. PHONE: X83418 • to Ireland at the height of the Civil War. Because of the strict SINGING LOUNGE censorship in English prisons this MUSIC EVERY SATURDAY was their first intimation that there was real fighting here. They could not understand why Prop: Michael Scully Irishmen should be fighting fellow Irishmen. Was it for this they laid OVER A HUNDRED YEARS OLD down arms neath the blazing sun Established 1876 of an Indian sky? Was it for this that Daly, Smith and Sears died? They became sad, cynical and disillusioned men. Figuratively THE PUB WITH A DIFFERENCE 'they folded their tents and stole silently away,' to become Ireland' forgotten heroes. 1?

GLENVEAGH A new national park. An oasis in the bleak but majestic Donegal mountains - so it can best be 11 described. ^ .^ ^iV/^ L. ^. The estate was formed from a Prlnt & Publlsrllnq Cc Ltd number of small holdings from which the tenants were evicted. It is a sort of poetic justice that the Formerly FASTPRINT place, now beautifully developed, Announcing the formation of this new Print & Publishing Company has come back to the people to be enjoyed and to provide employment. The park which • Paperback Books • Annuals covers a wide area of mountain • Brochures • Calendars bog and woodland is centred • Programmes around the partly restored castle • Plus all types of and the lovely Glenveagh lake. It • News letters general printing has a modern and very efficient reception centre with a picnic area, parking facilities and an up Contact without obligation to date restaurant. The gardens BLACKWOOD PRINT & PUBLISHING are of special interest, sheltered as Unit 6, Blackwood's Yard, they are by pine and other native Grattan St., Sligo. trees. Delicate and beautiful plants and flowers from Chile, Madeira, Tasmania and other warm parts of the world survive CORRAN HERALD Editor: James Flanagan and flourish there. Ballymote Heritage Group Production The mountain area is fenced Printed by BLACKWOOD Print & Publishing Co. , Sligo. and is the summer haunt of a large herd of native red deer as well as foxes, badgers, hares ánd other creatures of the wild. This part of the park could be a challenge to the adventurous but suitable mountaineering equipment would be needed and all necessary precatuions should be taken to avoid accidents. Ulster Bank Glenveagh National Park tiNe the venue of one of Ballymote BALL YMOTE Heritage Group's outings last season. It certainly would be worth a second visit. \-74// Ulster Bank

YOUNG IRELAND MOVEMENT MANAGER: Kieran McGowan A message of hope - we look to ASST. MANAGER: Nobby McGuirk our youth. If they can see the silver lining of the dark cloud of almost despair that overshadows our In buying Irish made goods country at present we should take Three years ago a group of there is something that needs to be courage and help them in their young people in a Dublin school watched - standards. This is an efforts. aided and inspired by a patriotic area that needs attention and They say `Buy Irish.' Let us do teacher decided that they should be monitored. With the just that. Supermarkets are themselves could and should help advent of Free Trade sharp tempting. They offer attractive in a drive to make people aware of competition will be inescapable assortments of goods of mixed their power to help and their and from now on the target of origin. It is up to us, the buyers, to obligation to do so. Their efforts Irish manufacturers must be - see that what we chose is Irish have been amazingly successful. Perfection. Also there is scope and made, or crown or its production Now the organisation has spread need for new ideas in production, is giving employment to our all over the country and is stilt in presentation and in selling, and people. developing. we can all help in these fields. 13 Ballymote Horse Show Ten Years On

nr of the best factors about this show is the variety. If horses by Alison Healy do not interest you, perhaps the June 12th marked a decade of dog show will, or the cat classes or horse shows in Ballymote since Best Dressed Lady Contest or the revival of the show all those The recent horse show was an Little Miss Ballymote and Bonny years age. Ballymote Junior unqualified success, the excellent Baby Contests. The dog show is Chamber organised the first of weather playing an important now a very well established these shows with the help of local part, as the sun shone feature and this year it drew an volunteers who set up a committee continuously throughout the day. enormous crowd of spectators in which has grown and strengthen- Once more, entries were up in all the afternoon. The Best Dressed ed immensely. Corran Park has classes with the record number of Lady Competition is in its second been the venue for each show and twenty broodmares in Class 1. year and is proving to be an has proved to be one of the best The horse show secured six interesting side attraction. Mrs. showgrounds in the west in terms important qualifiers and therefore Henry from Keash won the title of space and parking organisation. competitors travelled from all this year, gaining £50 for her eye- Who would have guessed that the over the country to take part in catching black and white creation. horse show would become so these classes with a large For younger fashion pioneers, the successful in such a short space of contingent from Northern Little Miss Ballymote event was time? Ireland. an exciting contest, the prize going to Little Miss Feeney from Culfadda. Lots of oohs and aahs Bogs & Bogland could be heard from the Bonny Baby area and the babies stole the In 1968 a nature conservation contd. from page 4 organization headed by Dr. show by cooing their way into the Matthias Schouten, with prizelist. To add to the family As bogs receive most of their Government aid, purchased this entertainment of the day, local minerals from rain water, parcel of bogs as a state nature musicians took to the stage and nutrients needed for plant growth reserve. Then it was decided there played almost three hours of live are in short supply. Some plants should be a roadway to the bog. Irish music. About twe-aty clinivorous - the sundew The Government sanctioned the musicians played a variety of (Diosena spectes) which ha:, purchase of 500 ha (hectares) of instruments and some young Irish spoon-shaped leaves covered in cut-away. Drains were made to dancers put on a splendid show of sticky tentacles traps flying insects take the water away so that an our national dancing. The in the Pools bladderwont entrance road could be usicians and dancers drew a (Utricularia) traps aquatic constructed. jarge crowd of spectators and proved to be a perfect background animals in tiny bladders which After one dry summer the water to the show jumping. It was a have an explosive trap door. had drained from where the novel attraction and not one Our bogs are part of the Sundew were growing and they common at other horse shows, landscape, fitting into a mosaic of withered and died. So the drains and the show committee were very rivers, lakes, eskers, woodlands were filled in and in 1970 a peat- grateful to the musicians for their and ridges. dame was constructed around the talents. reserve in order to raise the water table in this mostly dried out bog. This year the Show Dance took Gradually it became clear that the place in the Castle Hotel and THE DUTCH EXPERIENCE reserve would keep on Canadian Express provided the music. Throughout the years, the Ireland and Holland did have deteriorating unless an extensive Show Dance has always received roughly the same area of bog. In restoration project was initiated. great support from the the nineteenth century Holland's A complex network of peat-dams townspeople and it also gives the industries took advantage of their was constructed all over the show committee a chance to relax extensive supply of cheap fuel. cutaway and this work is still in and enjoy themselves after the The cutaway bog was reclaimed progress creating a marshland hectic day. and used by the farmers for around the bog. In the last decade growing cereals and for the reserve has been extended to Miss Anne Brennan from horticulture. After the second 1,700 hectares through further Bunninadden was picked from the World War large scale peat- acquisition of cutaways. The crowd at the dance as the Ballymote Show Queen '88. The cutting was rapidly consuming the water table in the central part of last large areas of bog. In the the reserve has been raised several horse show started off ten years sixties 66 hectares remained of meters through the restoration ago with the admission of £ 1 at the what had been one immense bog project. gate, and today it is still £1. What a small price to pay for such a covering 160,000 hectares. Owing The purchase, restoration and varied day of entertainment! The to industrial pollution just one staffing involved an expenditure show has grown so much in ten species of plant survived there, a of around a million guilders, spent short years, who knows what will yellow flowering one found in on a plot of bog incapable of any happen in the ten years? Ireland called Sundew. living growth owing to pollution. 14 An Old Man's Amazing Story contd. from page 5 A souper's pot, which was used in a soup kitchen at Bunninadden TEMPLEHOUSE ay of us are familiar with the during the famine period is now in expression he/she is as thick as a the possession of the Gardiner David McEllin double-ditch. Well therein lies its family of Killaville. The late November '87. Michael Gardiner purchased it at source of origin. The double-ditch As the 'reat houses die and turn to served a twofold purpose, in the an auction back in the early years of this century. It is still in a dust, fact that it could also be used as a extinct the deer herds, the big perfect state of preservation. passageway, allowing people to beeches, the oaks A noggin was a small staved make contact with one place or brought down by the torch of the and looped wooden vessel made in other. terrorist hand a cooper's workshop. It had one In 1946 the late James or ignominiously succumbing to long stave for holding with the McTiernan, on whose property at damp. hand. Carrowloughlin the double-ditch In later years you couldn't offer Templehouse beside the lake lives then stood, split it in the centre an Irishman a greater insult than on and heaped one portion on top of remind him that his ancesters entrenched upon a strategic mound, the other, thus making it into one accepted food from a souper's one wing broken now but the main single line fence. The same fate pot. I have heard my late parents resisting befell most of those old structures. say that this slur was frequently the onslaught and ravages of time, On the opposite side of the road, cast up when they were boys and where splendid drawing rooms still to the rear of the ruins of what was girls. Let us remember that the wear the hallmark of grandeur, once the Shaw residence, there famine in Ireland was not just and exquisite are and treasures still exists, in a fairly good state of something that suddenly came bedeck the halls, preservation, a double-ditch about during the harsh winter of swords of the Samurai and Zulu dating back to this period in time. '46 - '47. With millions of people warrior For the destitute and needy on the poverty line, there were elk and boar heads adorn the walls. there was the daily trip to the soup several outbreaks of acute hunger With paintings of eminent kitchens for a scoop of the sacred during previous years culminating gentlemen and ladies broth or a measure of yellow in the monstrous disaster of '46 - in uniform and aristocratic fashion gruel. Britain's premier, Sir '47. dressed Robert Peel, had abolished the A number of years age I had a in the regimental colours of the 1915 Corn Laws which prohibited conversation with a priest who Irish Guardsman, the importation of cheap grain was a student in the early years of worn last at the Somme and Dieppe. into the U.K., thus allowing in this century. He told me of a On a southern aspect of beech and large quantities of yellow maze. discourse he once had with a man oakland Lord John Russell who succeeded who lived through the famine looking sadly out on Ballymote Peel in 1886, stepped up delivery years. When asked about his and Keash of supplies to the most distressed experiences the old man curtly on sweeping pastureland where areas of the country. replied I'll tell you something peacefully grazes At the behest of landlora, young man, it was all a bloody pedigree Suffolk and Galway lamb. Henry Irwin, James Shaw of famine.' Ballyfoghy, allowed his boiler Staring now from protruding The pattern of life, expecially in windows, house to be used as a soup kitchen. rural areas, changed dramatically Shaw, like many of the great eyes dimming with the passing of in the aftermath of the famine. No years, landowners was at that time, in no longer was it deemed feasible to great financial circumstances a grey facade still bears character marry at an early age, for to do so and elegance. himself; nevertheless whole was to court disaster. For lhe carcases mixed with vegetables the steadfastness of the face, eligible young women of the a mask. were placed in a melting pot and country. men of property became turned into soup. A frail looking the order of lhe da y . with love and clientelle seated themselves on happiness thrown in for good wooden planks inside the boiler measure. This situation inevitably house where they were dealt out led to people marry ing late in life. noggins of liquid food from what and large numbers not bothering COFFEE MILLS. hh-- ''1 to be called a 'souper's pot.' to marry at all. An environment Prw., was a circular flat-bottomed was created which brought into metal container with a capacity of being. the matchmaker. the about forty gallons. It had a pivot fortune hunter and the bartered fitted into each side which allowed bride. it it swivel forward, as it was Nowada ys. we see the trend permanently set in a masonry ;-ring ro"ersed one‘.: again with fireplace. The soup or gruel was our You'll: people marr ying in removed by dipping a scoop with then late teens and es.rl y twenties. a long handle called a ladle down Despite it , setbacks -and into the pot. When empty the pot misfortunes. the human race has. was then tilted forward on its axis ;t would seen. a stuhholn melhod and washed out. of bouncing hack. cnrick's Square Box Pattern. Is

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