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Canid, Hye A, Aardwolf Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (Camp) Canid, Hyena, & Aardwolf

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CANID, HYE A, AARDWOLF CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN (CAMP) CANID, HYENA, & AARDWOLF CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN (CAMP) Final Draft Report Edited by Jack Grisham, Alan West, Onnie Byers and Ulysses Seal ~ Canid Specialist Group EARlliPROMSE FOSSIL RIM A fi>MlY Of CCNSERVA11QN FUNDS A Joint Endeavor of AAZPA IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group CBSG SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION The work of the Captive Breeding Specialist Group is made possible by gellerous colltributiolls from the following members of the CBSG Institutional Conservation Council: Conservators ($10,000 and above) Federation of Zoological Gardens of Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Claws 'n Paws Australasian Species Management Program Great Britain and Ireland BanhamZoo Darmstadt Zoo Chicago Zoological Society Fort Wayne Zoological Society Copenhagen Zoo Dreher Park Zoo Columbus Zoological Gardens Gladys Porter Zoo Cotswold Wildlife Park Fota Wildlife Park Denver Zoological Gardens Indianapolis Zoological Society Dutch Federation of Zoological Gardens Great Plains Zoo Fossil Rim Wildlife Center Japanese Association of Zoological Parks Erie Zoological Park Hancock House Publisher Friends of Zoo Atlanta and Aquariums Fota Wildlife Park Kew Royal Botanic Gardens Greater Los Angeles Zoo Association Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust Givskud Zoo Miller Park Zoo International Union of Directors of Lincoln Park Zoo Granby Zoological Society Nagoya Aquarium Zoological Gardens The Living Desert Knoxville Zoo National Audubon Society-Research Metropolitan Toronto Zoo Marwell Zoological Park National Geographic Magazine Ranch Sanctuary Minnesota Zoological Garden Milwaukee County Zoo National Zoological Gardens National Aviary in Pittsburgh New York Zoological Society NOAHS Center of South Africa Parco Faunistico "La To:rbiera" Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo North of Chester Zoological Society Odense Zoo Potter Park Zoo Saint Louis Zoo Oklahoma City Zoo Orana Park Wildlife Trust Racine Zoological Society Sea World, Inc. Paignton Zoological and Paradise Park Tenerife Zoo Taipei Zoo Botanical Gardens Perth Zoological Gardens Tokyo Zoological Park White Oak Plantation Penscynor Wildlife Park Porter Charitable Trust Touro Pare-France Zoological Society of Cincinnati Philadelphia Zoological Garden RostockZoo Zoological Society of San Diego Phoenix Zoo Royal Zoological Society Supporters ($25-$49) The WILDS Pittsburgh Zoo of Southern Australia Alameda Park Zoo Riverbanks Zoological Parle Rotterdam Zoo American Loriinae Conservancy Gumdians ($5,000-$9,999) Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp Tierpark Rheine Danish College of Animal Keepers Cleveland Zoological Society Royal Zoological Society of Scotland Twycross Zoo DGHT A:rbeitsgruppe Anuren Wild Animal Habitat San Francisco Zoo Union of German Zoo Directors Folsom Children's Zoo & Botanical Loro Parque Schoenbrunn Zoo Wellington Zoo Garden Lubee Foundation Sedgwick County Zoo World Parrot Trust International Crane Foundation North Carolina Zoological Park Sunset Zoo (10 year commitment) Zoo de Ia Casa de Campo-Madrid Jardin aux Oiseaux John G. Shedd Aquarium The Zoo, Gulf Breeze, FL Zoological Society of Wales King Khalid Wildlife Research Center Toledo Zoological Society Urban Council of Hong Kong Lee Richardson Zoo Zoological Parks Board of Washington Park Zoo Curators ($250-$499) Natal Parks Board New South Wales Wassenaar Wildlife Breeding Centre Emporia Zoo Oglebay's Good Children's Zoo Wilhelma Zoological Garden Roger Williams Zoo Royal Zoological Society of Ireland Protectors ($1 ,000-$4,999) Woodland Park Zoo Thrigby Hall Wildlife Gardens Safari Park Yong-In Farmland Topeka Zoological Park Speedwell Bird Sanctnary Audubon Institute Zoological Society of London Tropical Bird Garden Sylvan Heights Waterfowl Caldwell Zoo Zurich Zoological Garden Ueno Zoological Gardens Calgary Zoo Sponsors ($50-$249) Wildlife Biometrics, Inc. Cologne Zoo African Safari Wildwood Park Zoo Detroit Zoological Park Stewards ($500-$999) Apenheul Zoo El Paso Zoo Aalborg Zoo Belize Zoo 2 May 1994 Conservation Assessment and Management Plan {CAMP) for Canids, Hyaenas, and Aardwolves Co-Sponsored by IUCN SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC Canid Specialist Group AAZPA Taxon Advisory Group for Canids, Hyaenas, and Aardwolves SSC Hyaena Specialist Group Prepared by Jack Grisham Canids, Hyaenas and Aardwolves Taxon Advisory Group Oklahoma City Zoological Park, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Table of Contents Page Participant List . 1 Executive Summary (by Tom Foose) ... 0 •••••••••••••• 0 •••••••••••••• 0 • • • 4 Preamble (by Jack Grisham) ... ., ....................... Iii •••••••••••• ~~ • 6 Canid, Hyena and Aardwolf Conservation Assessment and Management Process . 8 Canid CAMP Recommendations (by Joshua Ginsberg) ........... o • o ••• o 0 • • • 12 Relationship Between the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Working Group and the AAZPA Taxon Advisory Group (by Robert Wiese) o • o •••• o • o •••••••••••••• o •••• o • • • • • • 15 AAZPA Canid, Hyena, Aardwolf Taxon Advisory Group Space Priority for Captive Species . 17 Canid Space Survey - North America .....•.................. o • • • • • • • • • 19 Hyena!Aardwolf Space Survey - North America .... o ••••• o ••••••••••• o • • • 19 Canid Population Survey Techniques (by Todd Fuller) .............. o •••• o • • 22 Summary of Status of South American Canids ..... o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o o 23 Summary of Status of North American Canids .. o ••••••••••• o ••••• o •••• o • • 24 North American Canid Research and Recommendations ...... o • o • • • • • • • 25 Summary of Status of Asian Canids . • • . ••. o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o o • • • 28 Research Needs for "Unsafe" Status Asian Canids ..... o •• o •• o • o • • • • • • 29 Summary of Status of African Canids . o • • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP) Spreadsheet Categories . 31 Critical Population Status Table (by Tom Foose) . 34 Endangered Population Status Table (by Tom Foose) ....... o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 34 Vulnerable Population Status Table (by Tom Foose) . o •••• o •• o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 Safe Population Status Table (by Tom Foose) ........... o ••••••••••••• o • • • 37 Composite Population Status Table (by Tom Foose) ........ o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 39 Taxon Information Tables . 51 Canid Taxonomic General and Specific Problems (by Robert K. Wayne, PhD) . .. 73 Research Priorities for Disease Monitoring in Canids (by Linda Munson . 80 i Reproductive Considerations for Canids (summarized by David Wildt) .............................. 0 ••••••••••••••••••• 126 Highlights of the First Workshop on Management and Conservation of Bush Dogs (by Maria Cecilia P. Buschinelli, MV) . • • . • • • . • ~~ • • • • • . • . • . • • • • • • . o • • • ~~~ o • • • • • • • Gl • • " • • • • 131 Maned Wolf Summary for North America (by M. Rodden) . o o ••••••• o •••••• o • 132 An Account of the Canadian Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) Reintroduction Attempt (1992) (by Clio Smeeton) ............ o • o ••• o •• o •• o 134 Red Wolf Species Survival Plan (by Will Waddell) . o • • o • • o • • o • • • • • • • • • • • • • o 137 Red \Volf Reintroduction (by Gary Henry) ............................... 138 Mexican Wolf (by Peter Siminiski) . o o o •• o •• o •••••• o •• o ••••• o ••••• o ••••• 140 Gray Wolf (by Mike Phillips) ... o ••••••••••••••••••••• o o • o ••• o •••• o •• o 142 African Wild Dog (by Bruce Brewer) ................... o o • o •• o ••••• o ••• 144 Glossary of Global and Regional Captive Strategic Programs ........ o • o •••••• 145 Canid Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Participant List Chuck Brady Memphis Zoological Garden and V. Gary Henry Aquarium US Fish and Wildlife Service 2000 Galloway Avenue 330 Ridgefield Court Memphis, Tennessee 38112-9990 Asheville, North Carolina 28806 (901) 726-4787/Fax (901) 725-9305 (704) 665-1195/Fax (704) 665-2782 Bruce A. Brewer Jim Jackson Chicago Zoological Park Fossil Rim Wildlife Center 3300 Golf Road Box 2189 Brookfieid, Illinois 60513 Glen Rose, Texas 76043 (708) 485-0263, Ext. 445/Fax (708) 485-3532 (817) 897-2960/Fax (817) 897-3785 Laurence Frank Susan Jenks Psychology Department Psychology Department University of California University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Berkeley, California 94720 (415) 643-7821/Fax (415) 642-5293 (415) 643-7821/Fax (415) 642-5293 Todd K. Fuller Warren Johnson Department of Forestry and Wild- Laboratory of Viral Cavenigenesis life Management National Cancer Institute University of Massachusetts Frederick, Maryland Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 (301) 846-1669/Fax (301) 846-5126 (413) 545-4723/Fax (413) 545-1262 Paul Joslin Joshua Ginsberg Wolf Haven International Institute of Zoology Tenino, Washington 98589 Zoological Society of London/ Regents Park Duane Kramer London, NW1 4RY, England Texas A & M University 44-71-722-333, Ext.890/Fax 44-71-586-2870 College Station, Texas 77843-2258 Jack Grisham Terry Kreeger, CBSG Oklahoma City Zoological Park 1956 Jenkins St. NE 2101 Northeast 50th Street Cedar, MN 55011 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73111 (612) 434-3070 (405) 424-3344, Ext. 251/Fax (405) 424-3349 Juliana Claudia Lima Peg Gronemeyer Caixa Postal 3064-58000 Center for Wildlife Ecology Joao Pessoa Pb, Brazil 279 Natural Resources Building 55-83-222-5522/Fax 55-83-244-277 4 Champaign, Illinois 61820 David W. Macdonald Melissa Rodden Wildlife Conservation Research Unit National Zoological Park and
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  • Reptile and Amphibian Enforcement Applicable Law Sections

    Reptile and Amphibian Enforcement Applicable Law Sections

    Reptile and Amphibian Enforcement Applicable Law Sections Environmental Conservation Law 11-0103. Definitions. As used in the Fish and Wildlife Law: 1. a. "Fish" means all varieties of the super-class Pisces. b. "Food fish" means all species of edible fish and squid (cephalopoda). c. "Migratory fish of the sea" means both catadromous and anadromous species of fish which live a part of their life span in salt water streams and oceans. d. "Fish protected by law" means fish protected, by law or by regulations of the department, by restrictions on open seasons or on size of fish that may be taken. e. Unless otherwise indicated, "Trout" includes brook trout, brown trout, red-throat trout, rainbow trout and splake. "Trout", "landlocked salmon", "black bass", "pickerel", "pike", and "walleye" mean respectively, the fish or groups of fish identified by those names, with or without one or more other common names of fish belonging to the group. "Pacific salmon" means coho salmon, chinook salmon and pink salmon. 2. "Game" is classified as (a) game birds; (b) big game; (c) small game. a. "Game birds" are classified as (1) migratory game birds and (2) upland game birds. (1) "Migratory game birds" means the Anatidae or waterfowl, commonly known as geese, brant, swans and river and sea ducks; the Rallidae, commonly known as rails, American coots, mud hens and gallinules; the Limicolae or shorebirds, commonly known as woodcock, snipe, plover, surfbirds, sandpipers, tattlers and curlews; the Corvidae, commonly known as jays, crows and magpies. (2) "Upland game birds" (Gallinae) means wild turkeys, grouse, pheasant, Hungarian or European gray-legged partridge and quail.
  • Hyaena Brunnea) in Shamwari Game Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa

    Hyaena Brunnea) in Shamwari Game Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa

    Page 1 of 5 Short Communication The diet of brown hyaenas (Hyaena brunnea) in Shamwari Game Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa Authors: Brown hyaenas (Hyaena brunnea) were introduced to Shamwari Game Reserve in the 1 Kerry Slater Eastern Cape Province during 2002, but their feeding ecology is poorly understood. Feeding Konrad Muller2 observations of brown hyaena by field guides and the collection of 31 scats from the study area Affiliations: took place over an 11 month period. Standard techniques were used to analyse the scats and 1Department of identify prey items present. Ten dietary categories were identified from the scats, with a mean Environmental Sciences, of 3.2 dietary categories per scat. Large mammal remains were found in 30 of the 31 scats, with University of South Africa, South Africa kudu being the most abundant (61.0% of scats). Overall the two methods indicated at least 14 mammal species being fed on by the brown hyaena. The presence of mainly large mammal 2Shamwari Game Reserve, remains and invertebrates (in 38.7% of all scats), together with the feeding observations of Eastern Cape, South Africa mainly large mammals by field guides, suggests that brown hyaena in Shamwari are mainly Correspondence to: scavengers and that sufficient carrion is available, thereby reducing the need for them to hunt. Kerry Slater A 52.0% occurrence of plant matter was found in the scats, suggesting that plant material is an important component of their diet. Further studies are underway to investigate the feeding Email: ecology of brown hyaena in Shamwari and surrounding areas. [email protected] Conservation implications: Comprehensive scat analysis over a number of years, monitoring Postal address: of individual movement patterns and population numbers of brown hyaena in and around Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa conservation areas will be beneficial in quantifying resource use of this species.