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Historiographie Et Dynamiques De Transculturation: Missionnaires Historiographie et dynamiques de transculturation : missionnaires protestants et populations de la côte de l’Ouest du Cameroun à travers le fonds Jean-René Brutsch, 1884-1960 Nadeige Laure Ngo Nlend To cite this version: Nadeige Laure Ngo Nlend. Historiographie et dynamiques de transculturation : missionnaires protes- tants et populations de la côte de l’Ouest du Cameroun à travers le fonds Jean-René Brutsch, 1884- 1960. Histoire. Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III; Université de Yaoundé, 2013. Français. NNT : 2013MON30060. tel-00980242 HAL Id: tel-00980242 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980242 Submitted on 17 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. i Délivré simultanément par l’Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 et l’Université Yaoundé 1 selon la convention de co tutelle internationale Préparée au sein de l’École doctorale n°58 Et de l’Unité de recherche CRISES EA 4424 Spécialité : Histoire contemporaine Présentée par Nadeige-Laure NGO NLEND Historiographie et dynamiques de transculturation : missionnaires protestants et populations de la Côte et de l'Ouest du Cameroun à travers le fonds Jean-René Brutsch 1884-1960 Soutenue le 9 décembre 2013 devant le jury composé de Gaetano CIARCIA, Professeur, Université Montpellier 3 Membre Salvador EYEZO’O, Université Yaoundé I Prérapporteur Alexandra LOUMPET GALITZINE, MCF, MSH Paris Membre Pierre Oum Ndigi, Chargé de Cours HDR, Université Yaoundé I Co-directeur Bernard SALVAING, Professeur, Université Nantes Pré-rapporteur Jean-François Zorn, Professeur émérite, IPT-Montpellier Co-directeur i DEDICACE A Justine Odile Ngo Batjama, sœur aînée et amie. Sa présence constante, sa générosité sans faille et son abnégation ont été les précieux soutiens de notre parcours. A Éric de Putter, ami très cher et promoteur de la fraternité universelle qui s’est donné pour l’Evangile jusqu’au sacrifice suprême. ii REMERCIEMENTS Cette thèse n’aurait pas vu le jour sans l’appui du Défap-service protestant de mission à Paris, qui a mis à notre disposition une bourse destinée à couvrir la totalité de notre recherche doctorale conduite d’octobre 2009 à novembre 2012 entre l’Europe et le Cameroun. Aussi tenons-nous à dire merci au Défap, pour sa confiance ainsi que pour son accompagnement durant toute la période de nos investigations. Nous lui sommes notamment reconnaissante de la qualité du suivi scientifique et de l’encadrement administratif qu’il a aménagés à notre intention, ainsi que du cadre de travail serein mis à notre disposition, dans ses locaux ou ailleurs. Qu’il nous soit permis de traduire par la même, notre gratitude à sa sympathique équipe, et de façon toute particulière, à Pascale Audo, Alain Pascal, Élisabeth Marchand, Peggy Kraag, Marlène Blanc, Christiane Roulland, et Josiane Aubroo. Nous adressons un merci particulier à Marc-Fréderic Muller, ancien responsable du service des boursiers du Défap, pour la confiance qu’il nous a manifestée et pour le soutien permanent qu’il nous a apporté pendant toute la période de notre recherche. Sa bienveillante attention et ses nombreuses marques d’amitié ont été d’un grand réconfort durant les moments de doute et de découragement qui nous ont parfois saisie. Nous exprimons notre profonde reconnaissance à nos encadreurs respectifs, le Pr. Jean-François Zorn de l’Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier III en France, et le Dr. HDR Pierre Oum Ndigi de l’Université de Yaoundé I au Cameroun, pour avoir accepté de codiriger ce travail. Au professeur Zorn qui a assuré notre encadrement durant nos séjours en France, nous signifions notre infinie gratitude pour avoir soutenu et accompagné, avec beaucoup de patience et de bienveillance, notre initiation à la discipline missiologique. Nous lui savons gré de n’avoir ménagé ni son temps, ni ses précieux conseils, afin que cette recherche connaisse un heureux aboutissement. Au Dr. Pierre Oum Ndigi, nous disons merci pour avoir accepté, sans hésitation, de suspendre la conduite de notre précédente recherche doctorale initiée sous sa direction en égyptologie, pour se charger du suivi de la présente thèse inscrite en histoire des religions contemporaines. Pour cette marque de confiance et de considération, ainsi que pour l’attention qu’il a portée à l’orientation de la présente recherche, nous lui disons infiniment merci. Nous voulons également dire toute notre gratitude à Claire-Lise Lombard, bibliothécaire du Défap, qui nous a accueillie et ouvert un accès privilégié aux ressources documentaires du Défap dans lesquelles nous avons abondamment puisé pour notre travail. iii Son soutien multiforme et inestimable a énormément facilité la conception, l’élaboration et la rédaction de cette thèse. Sa disponibilité, son écoute, sa patience, ses judicieuses remarques et orientations ont balisé la voie de notre incursion dans le champ de la missiologie. Puisse-t- elle trouver dans ce travail, le témoignage de notre reconnaissance. Nos recherches en Europe nous ont souvent conduite en Suisse et précisément aux archives de l’ancienne maison des missions de Bâle, aujourd’hui mission 21. Grâce à la bienveillance de Guy-Alexander Thomas, archiviste de mission 21, nous y avons récolté une abondante documentation et vécu des échanges intellectuels intenses qui nous ont ouvert d’intéressantes perspectives d’analyse. Nous lui adressons, ainsi qu’à tous les amis de Suisse, un vibrant merci pour l’aide et l’assistance qu’ils nous ont apportées, ainsi que pour la générosité de leur hospitalité. Nous pensons particulièrement à David Atwood de l’Université de Bâle ainsi qu’à Benedict et Sabine Schubert. Initialement prévu pour couvrir trois séjours de recherche en Europe, la bourse du Défap en a couvert quatre. Nous devons cette rallonge, accordée par la Fédération d’Aide au Protestantisme (FAP), à la mobilisation de Jean-Luc Blanc, responsable de la formation théologique et des boursiers au Défap qui, à la suite de Marc Muller son prédécesseur, a cru en ce projet et l’a soutenu sans réserve. Par ailleurs, son intervention auprès du service culturel de l’Ambassade de France au Cameroun, nous a valu une bource du gouvernement français qui a permis de payer, dès la deuxième année de notre recherche, la totalité de notre couverture sociale en France. Puissent tous ces mécènes trouver ici l’expression de notre immense gratitude. Cette recherche a bénéficié de la collaboration active d’Yves Edube Brutsch, fils de Jean-René Brutsch, auteur du fonds à partir duquel a été inscrit notre sujet de thèse. Au cours de notre séjour à Vézénobres dans les Cévennes où il nous a généreusement offert son hospitalité, Yves Brutsch a accepté, pendant deux jours entiers, d’évoquer sans réserve en notre présence, le souvenir de feu son père. Nous lui disons merci pour cette marque de confiance ainsi que pour son intérêt sincère envers ce travail. Nous lui adressons aussi nos remerciements pour l’aide précieuse qu’il nous apportée en mettant à notre disposition ses archives personnelles et en mobilisant à notre bénéfice, la précieuse collaboration des membres de sa famille. La réalisation de ce travail s’est faite au prix de lourds sacrifices consentis par les membres de notre famille. Nous tenons à nous excuser auprès d’eux et à les remercier pour iv avoir patiemment supporté les multiples gênes occasionnées par notre mobilisation académique durant ces quatre dernières années. De façon particulière, nous disons merci à notre fils bien aimé, Batjama Emmanuel Ulrich Frédéric, qui a enduré, sans jamais se plaindre, les privations de toute nature, imposées par nos absences répétitives. A toutes les personnes qui nous ont admirablement suppléée auprès de lui, principalement à notre maman, Ngo Mahi Marie-Claire, à notre cousine, Ngo Batjama Justine, à notre filleule, Ngo Batjama Marie-Claire, et à nos amies, Ngo Gwem Anastasie Solange, Ngo Gwem Lucie et Yete Marie-Thérèse, qui se sont mobilisées afin que notre absence lui paraisse moins pénible, nous disons notre reconnaissance infinie. Qu’il nous soit également permis d’exprimer de façon spéciale, notre reconnaissance au Pr. Francis B. Nyamnjoh de l’Université de Cape Town qui, le premier, nous a encouragée à postuler pour le projet de bourse doctorale du Défap sur le fonds Brutsch. Nos remerciements particuliers s’adressent également au pasteur Bouba Mbima, Recteur de l’Université Protestante d’Afrique Centrale, ainsi qu’au Pr. Samuel Efoua Mbozo’o, doyen de la Faculté des Lettres de l’Université de Douala qui ont soutenu notre candidature au projet de bourse du Défap. Nous sommes particulièrement redevable envers les Pr. Salvador Eyezoh de l’ENS (École Normale Supérieure) de Yaoundé et Michel Tjade Eone de l’ESSTIC (École Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de l’Information et de la Communication) qui ont grandement facilité et diligenté auprès de la partie camerounaise, la signature de la convention de cotutelle internationale sanctionnant l’encadrement de cette thèse. Notre gratitude spéciale s’adresse également à Anafack Lemofack Antoine Japhet à Bruxelles, à Marie-Reine Bayiha Bamseck et à ses enfants : Bertrand Bamseck, Samson Bamseck et Isis Bamseck à Annemasse, ainsi qu’à leur amie Madeleine Volle à Clarafond. Nos remerciements chaleureux vont aussi à Marie-Alix Nyoth de Putter à Paris, à André Serges Nlend Nlend ainsi qu’à son épouse Sweetheart Nlend Nlend à Lyon, à Manga Laureens et sa famille à Paris, à Sheba Mbarga et sa famille à Paris, à Joseph Mboui à Aachen en Allemagne et à Ourida Belguechi de l’institut protestant de théologie à Montpellier.
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