Selected Aspects of the Use of Simple Instruments in the Music Curriculum of the Elementary School
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University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 1949 Selected aspects of the use of simple instruments in the music curriculum of the elementary school William Raymond Manning University of the Pacific Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds Part of the Education Commons, and the Music Education Commons Recommended Citation Manning, William Raymond. (1949). Selected aspects of the use of simple instruments in the music curriculum of the elementary school. University of the Pacific, Thesis. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/1101 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. l ' ; ; l :· '; i l' :; I' · · Iii. SJ~I$CTED ASPECTS OF ll A 'l!l\$$6.9 Pl"esilnted to the Deplil'tm0nt o~ Ed:ucation Ctlllel& O;_ft. t}l$ P$Cit1~ .h Fsu.'li.al. Fulft.l.l.mer.tt ot th13 .Requirements for the Degree Master ot·Arts by .,w'W~J. William R:1:Manning Jwu~ 1949 1:he autlt(.):t- wtsh$S to expJ?&as his {tpp~eettatioll 'IW Ml."e. w. K.., lk,~i~~l't• ~~• IJa.urenes E~ 'turner Dr. J!;lj _..,- Jants\ln, ot the \:t.U.l.~l' ot the Paeiftel, :Cei! tne11! many ........ , -~ . <t(l)nStl*Uetivs (.n:1.t1o:tt.m1S'. an.d a~~ti'Ons tba:t )lave made this tbe$1a possible,. 'JJU PftOBJiH.:M 1 PROO~lJtlRE AL':?ll OEFlNI~:.IOiiiS OF ~ERMa u:s.a:a •. • ._ • • • • ·"" ·ot , ~ • • .. • Btat$me.tr.t of tbiil problem l1npor-tan~ 0f th.e stlldy .. .. Pfo~~du~e • .. • ., • ., .. • c!f. .f· • Def'irl:itt.ona of t~rms wsed BJ1;LA'i:rul Ll'r~iil:URE ON 11WE Sl.!Uk~ INSTRl!Jlllli11W: FHOG:ft~M'll .... • ... ~ • ,.. • ·• • •• ., • .•. • .. • • .. • Mod.&1"1'1 pbil:os~PbY of eduo.a tton • .. • • • • ..• 5 hMta.l C1U:l.N~S •. •• •· •· ~ · •• • • ., • • • .• 6 o~at1:vene.s$ • • ,. .. ~ • . • 1' • • • • • .. • 12 ~~ent v1:ewpa1nt or mUHiC ed:!lcati~n • ~ • •. 13 Cl\enges • ~· • .. ... .,, ..•. f! .• • , • .. •t .• .. • 13 m'Wl.:l.c f;;dilca t1on ... • • .., • ... ... • 16 Pri:n¢-i.ple$ Qt music srhlotdt1Pn .•• 17 .. "' 22 24 ,-.Values :>f 't.'f.S:l.ng simple illstruinents 26 ~w·_...,.~.-" Hevieit or the li tera.tu.ra • -. • • •. 4!. • 26 ·············~···· .• '* It ·•· A surve;r of' the simple: 1tl:strumen-& progra'l'.l in the a!$men.tary $eMols or saer&neltrtQ Count.y• ~x•lmtng seh.C~ols in se.orru:aento l.fn1t1e:Jd School D1st~10t • * ..• ·"" '1' 'f.· • • ... 3~ •.. If 41 45 46 Tiie simple inst~ent pre~-. 1948... 49 48 Find.inp 60 59 59 • •• •· . ~-- ,._ 62 .·.• .. ·•· • • 72 ·• . '7~ i 74 I ) PAGE Fot.U" tone twlas • 75 Fiw tOll$ tunes • 77 '16 " ~ ,. VI* CONCLUSIONS f~ l~JEJ£;0 FOil FU"Rr£HE11 L~':CUDY • • ., a.e .N$ed t'ot» tul?the~ study ·•· .. l)I..SLIOG11APU!f ,. ·• ··*' • * :... ·lfl' • "' . "' .. ·' ' THE PHO:BI,,EM, f1lOCEDl:11.1E. JUl]) DEFlNI't!ONS O;" Wii:RMS USED 'Rhe teaching o;C music in th$' pub11e S.titlo<>lS at the beginnill.s o£ the p~sent centuey was practioally aonflned to olass !iiinging, but with the incxweasing l?tleoani tion ot the subject as en educat1onal f'orce a.nd the change in tb.e gene~al pllilosophy of education w1 tb the natural ~esul t~ enanges in musi.o phUosopby• a da~d f'or more se:tent1t1e m.etltoda arose. Al~ the$e neWGr methods wortl:lj1 ot serious Qonsia~-rfl.t1on tend. il'l the same direction; . mustoe~ gPowth. leadirlg to thG consummation Qr ideal of mu.'lical understand.• ing. ~he s1~ program is. nttt tlte. only me$na e£ helping ohildre:n get a\ the i.nner $Ssenoe ct mus.1~. unto~tl.lmltel.y. this practice still e.ttdsts today in soma o:t Q~ schools • Competent ~d'!loe.tors tOday tell us. that w0 must enrich the cur~1cul'Qm. In ordE:\ir to $nr1eh the mtwio ourr1eulum we m'tt$t be awar~ of' thE) means::. In a4&1t1on to singing tMre must ·~. eJtperiences ill. rhythmic act:LvitiEHil., directed listerd.ng.. ®d active pa:rtticipati.on in th@ Jil.ayj.ng and oree;ting ot ro.u.sie., ReaOg.ni:!$ed tllU$10 educators 'believe these exJ?$r1ences ne~essary for musical e,rowth •. ~t&.'t~ti~· Qt.~ ~9-. It was the pu:r-ptJ.se or this study ·to (l). il"!.V$s'tigate the use.: ·and. value or the simple inst~ument program in the elementary school e.nd (2) provide . oP sqgest must eel ex.vertenees through the med.i:um et thiS progra.'l'l that. wUl h€lllp. children to ~t at the ·i.nner as$ene$ of w.usic through a p~oeess o.t musical gowth.. These experi encas should be 1n ~{5"reement with the rnodern philosophy o-r music ~d:ueation. An Eitteurpt was me.d.e to present these expex·iences in such a mant1er t:tua.t they ean be readily uti lized by any· tee.eher 1n the primary twades. lm!91:~ .D.t ~ a;b4x. Although most music .educators r$Cognize the val.ue.or the musical expa:vle!l~es attorded by too simple 1natrum.ent pxoosl."'am, not a great dael has been written about it. and tea,.chers have f"a.irly well d.etr;.rmined. that there 1s little being done with the simpls instrument proe;re.m ill the pJ?cir.aa.ry g-rades. Tbin is ~speeially til'ue attar the use:. :of tha l'hYthm band in ldnaer~arten. F0~ the most put the teaehi:.n~ of illstru..JOOntal mus1e u.sW!:llY starts in the fourth grade. Thus there seems to be $. gap in the poa$tble music exp0r:tenees affClt'ded· by this progre.:m between tJ:1e kinder~arten a..~ four-th grade,. A .great deal ean be dona by the pr11ma:ry tE!aoher to ~:nl'1.Ch tb.<.l !ilttsj,e ~urr:l.eulum ot Child.Y.el'l through the · Sblple 1nstl"ument program if the t$tM!h$1'" reali:tes the va.lue or these experleness in the process of musiea1 growth., und.er stnnds the program, kn.ows whet instrmneats c:a:n ·be used. ·bye children or th~se grad.:es, whti't~ ma·t~t·lals are available and jWlt t now t!l$ proe;ram .funct.ions ,. Most teachers in ·tnese gradeS usually are not. \VeJ.l...,~HJhooled musi<i:i&na, but they · do have the musical background.' and n.bility to put a prog:Pam of this type in effe¢t.. '!:he p:rog:ran't wa.s to be eonerete ____enough for t.my teachel' to tallow ana even teo lenrn w1 th the .... ---·---childr®n• .J:n o~l.l)t- to establish a basis tor the simple inStru... ment pr'Ogrrun a review of the l:lt~rature pertain:J.ng to the · modern viewpoin·t of mll.Sie ~dttcfi·tion was mad~. A ~view was also made or the moo.et'n philosophy of ed:ueat1$l.l fo:r in it a11e towa.d the ttoots <lf' mode~n m:us1e ed,ueatlon, The. value of the nn:1sicaJ. eltJ:.iSr1en()f'JS of.fe:tred by the s:t.mple 1nst:rument: program was. then det$rmined..• A survey was made or the simple in..~·trume.nt program in thirty.,.fii~ alementary sebools :.tn sacramento County, three · llCh~ol$ in Xol.o County, and two in Sen Jooq'U1n County. Xmoee yet:l.rs wer0 spent conducting a s1mpl$ i.nstrmnent pro~ar" at Galt .Joiltt I.Jnton Elemen:ta.ry Set1ool, GaltoJ Ge.lifor... nia. A desor1ptiol1 of the prog:r.a.m a.na the findings were Several terms a:re .'tl.Sed. in music l1terat'U.lre ~nd w educators to rec-er to tlle simple inatrUlnents,, Antorl& these 0.1\e toy. nt1r1ature., pr~ ... orehe$tl*al,, pra ... ins t~urn~ntaJ., ·a:od . $1mple !nst:fuments • Tb$ t~ri ter has pret~rred to use the la:ttar t$1'1ll1 s,impJ.e ins'~:'r'Umen.ta.,. For the. p\U'posa of this study these ~.n.strum~nts W$?$ ti1viiJ.ed into two goups., rhytbmie ru-1d t<>nal,. As there were so r~ 1n:atrum$nts each one wa$ desori~d it:t .l$.te:t." cha.ptars as it~ wa.s dealt With. T~ emphasis in this $tl:dy was n,qt &0 m.uoh O:n. th~ :e~~lia~ :cbytbln band or th~ kintle:rgarten. bu.t :ratber on a. rnore adVUOE!d type or program that <o:a.n help till th$ i~r:p 1n instr1ments,.t.~xper1ences 0f cth1ldren in the f~rst, secQnd, ana third gtv4des. The pas,t twenty or thl~hy y~tt:t-S has $S$lf a v:ast ~nenge 1n th~ philosophy o:t ed:ucation., Tbis <lbange has been ~etlelJted to so:rne d.t;)~ee in eveey J>hf'Ase of: the cux--,.. riC"tllun., Result1ng f~om. this lYq.s been a new v1evlpo1Jlt of! music edu4at1on~ ·J3a:Co!Je· dlscua:slng. this fitn ab&tl1flet ·(;)'.t .the gen(lu.'al. ·.pbiloaopby tiC Nuoatis:>n :ts· firs'& ptJe&entet:t•. tor* atter a:tl,, 1\ 1.s the bed~oQ'k Jlpo.n. wtrtoh the .totll".tt1$ttion for a.