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Appendix F Environmental Study Lubbock Outer Route Study

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Appendix F Environmental Study Lubbock Outer Route Study Appendix F Environmental Study Lubbock Outer Route Study Table of Contents 1. Environmental Study ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Geology...................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Soils ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3. Prime/Unique Farmland .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.4. Land Use ................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.5. Water Resources and Floodplains......................................................................................................... 10 1.6. Wetlands and Other Waters of the US .................................................................................................. 12 1.7. Vegetation ............................................................................................................................................... 14 1.8. Wildlife Habitat ....................................................................................................................................... 16 1.9. Threatened and Endangered Species ................................................................................................... 17 1.10. Hazardous Materials .............................................................................................................................. 20 1.11. Cultural Resources ................................................................................................................................. 22 1.12. Archaeology ............................................................................................................................................ 23 1.12.1. Physiography ................................................................................................................................. 23 1.12.2. Prehistoric Archeological Contexts ............................................................................................... 25 1.12.3. Paleo-Indian ................................................................................................................................... 26 1.12.4. Archaic ........................................................................................................................................... 26 1.12.5. Late Prehistoric or Ceramic Period .............................................................................................. 27 1.12.6. Proto-historic ................................................................................................................................. 28 1.12.7. Previous Investigations ................................................................................................................. 29 1.12.8. Archaeological Sites ...................................................................................................................... 30 1.12.9. Corridor Evaluation ....................................................................................................................... 30 1.13. Non-Archaeological Historic Age Resources ......................................................................................... 31 1.13.1. Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 31 1.13.2. Previously Recorded Historic Resources ..................................................................................... 32 1.13.3. Historical Contexts ........................................................................................................................ 32 1.13.4. Alternatives Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 38 1.14. Parks (Section 4(f) and 6(f)) .................................................................................................................. 38 1.14.1. Regulatory Framework .................................................................................................................. 39 1.14.2. Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 39 1.14.3. Parks within the Area of Impact ................................................................................................... 40 1.14.4. Project Impacts ............................................................................................................................. 40 1.14.5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 41 Lubbock Outer Route Environmental Study 2 Figures Figure F-1: Lubbock Outer Route Land Use Map…………….……………………………………………….. 9 Figure F-2:1950s residences on large agricultural fields with outbuildings ………………..……. 36 Figure F-3: Brick bungalow-style residence ca. 1935, on a smaller parcel with no outbuildings. …..…………. 36 Figure F-4: Ca. 1950s side-gabled residence………………………………………………………………….. 36 Figure F-5: Stucco residence ca. 1930 with hipped, thatched roof……………….………………….. 36 Figure F-6: Typical irrigation pump and concrete engine stand………………..……………………….. 37 Figure F-7: Typical well house and pump……………………………………….……………………………….. 37 Figure F-8: Entrance to Reese Technology Center……………………………………………………………. 38 Figure F-9: Reese AFB historical marker…………………………………………………………………………. 38 Tables Table F-1: Prime Farmland by Route Option…….…………….……………………………………………….. 7 Table F-2: Land Use Acreage……………………………………………………………………..……………..……. 10 Table F-3: FEMA Flood Zones within project area…………………….................................…..…………. 11 Table F-4: Options Impacted by Flood Plains…………………….................................…..………………… 12 Table F-5 : Acres of Playa Lake Potentially Impacted…………………..……………….………………….. 13 Table F-6: Element Occurrences within 1.5 miles of Project…………………………………………….. 17 Table F-7: Candidate, Threatened, or Endangered Species of Lubbock County…………………. 18 Table F-8: Summary of Hazardous Material Sites from Regulatory Database Search………… 21 Table F-9: Number of Acres with Elevated Potential for Archaeological Resources……………. 31 Table F-10 Number of Historic-Age Resources by Decade in or Abutting the Proposed Options Alignments………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 35 Table F-11: Number of Historic Resources by Option……………………………………………………….. 38 Table F-12. Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites……………………………………………………… 42 Lubbock Outer Route Environmental Study 3 1. Environmental Study Environmental analysis was conducted as part of the Lubbock Outer Route Study, primarily through desktop research, and some field observation. 678 parcels were sent right-of-entry (ROE) requests for field observations. 219 parcels provided ROE, 50 parcels provided conditional ROE, 40 parcels denied ROE and 369 did not respond. 1.1. Geology According to the Geologic Atlas of Texas, Lubbock Sheet (Fisher 1974) the Lubbock Outer Route project transverses an area comprised mostly of Quaternary Pleistocene-age sediments. One of the largest surface deposits in the area is the Blackwater Draw Formation (Qbd) which is made up of sand with fine to medium-grained quartz and large caliche nodules. Other similar aged deposits present include Quaternary Alluvium floodplain deposits (Qal) as well as Playa Deposits (Qp). Mostly the deposits in this region are the result of eolian or windblown mass transportation processes. This region known as the Southern Great Plains experiences persistent high velocity winds and periodic droughts. Combined with a region lacking natural vegetation due to anthropogenic land use (e.g. agriculture use) these factors contribute to the severe wind erosion this region experiences (Commission on Environmental Cooperation 1997). Other older deposits within the area consist of Pliocene to Miocene aged fluviatile sand, silt, clay and grabel capped by caliche known as the Ogallala Formation (PₒMo) (Fisher 1974). These deposits are only on the surface in areas where ephemeral streams have eroded away Quaternary deposits. Underlying these surface deposits is the Ogallala Aquifer (Wyatt et al. 1977). The aquifer stretches across eight states from the Texas Panhandle to parts of southern South Dakota. This unconfined aquifer is a Tertiary Deposit containing fluvial sediments and fine grained eolian silts and clays (Mehta et al., 2000). The upper part of this aquifer is made up of hard, caliche-cemented beds known as the “caprock.” (Wyatt et al. 1977) Recharge in the project area occurs primarily through infiltration with a focus on playa lakes which fill with water after periods of precipitation. This water stands for a considerable time where a portion is allowed to infiltrate into the underlying aquifer by percolating through the soil around the perimeter of the playa lake (Fisher 1974). Beneath the aquifer lies low permeable shale from the Triassic and Cretaceous ages. Prior to the deposition of the sediment that now makes up the Ogallala Aquifer the area contained many hills and wide valleys. This topography was buried
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